CHAPTER A

GRANITE INDUSTRY IN KARNATAKA

CHAPTER - 4

GRANITE INDUSTRY IN KARNATAKA

Granite and gneisses occupy by far the greater part of Karnataka The

prevailing rock of Bangalore h l District is a light to dark grey or whitish

biotite granetic gneiss which where is considerably from place to place in

texture, structure and appearance. Bordering on the western side of the district

runs the band of intrusive, coarse, uniform granite called the "close pet granite".

The coloured granites are mainly used for ornamental, monumental and

decorative purposes. These stones when put to use are clean, polished, attractive

and easily washable. The granite industry in general would therefore mean

industry involved in making size-stones and in gravel making and focusing

mainly its manufacturing attention on ornamental and monumental stones,

intended to export to foreign countries.

4.1. Historical Background of Granite Industry:

The entrepreneurs have to take a certain area of quarry on lease basis for

raw materials before starting a granite industry. Revenue Department Authority

was empowered to issue license / lease prior to 1969 and charge Rs. 1/- for

lOOcft per quarter. After establishing Mysore Minor Mineral Concession Rules

1969, the leasing authority for minor minerals is the Department of Mines and

Geology.

Granite Industry making jellies require stones in the form of boulders and

they are got from the quarries. Industries having their own quarries get their raw

materials either by their direct extraction by employing labours or fbm the

sub- contractors that is monthly permit holders, who are mainly engaged in

6f crude stones at quarries are by both methods. Under granite, grey

v i t e , grcm granite and pink granite are available for* black granites; the

quality of the granites now available in Bangalore Rural District was not good.

These crude granites stones (i.e. raw materials) are much in demand in foreign

countries like England, West Germany, Japan, USA, UK, Italy and other

countries.

The building stone quarries are concentrated mostly in Kanakapura,

Bangalore South, Bangalore North and Devanahalli taluks of the district. While

ornamental stone quarries are found in Ramanagara, Magadi, Bangalore South

and Hosakote taluks.

Granite industry, by and large, a labour oriented one. Labour is involved

at the stages of querrrying of rocks, polishing of stones and transportation of raw

materials, dressing of stones, polishing of stones and transportation of finished

products. The industry needs hard labour - both skilled and unskilled. While

employing labourers, the usual practice is to employ casual labourers. This

perhaps may be due to the fact that the quarry work is a seasonal type. During

peak agricultural season and heavy rainy days, quarrying work would be less

intensive.

The first State geologists of Mysore Geological Department describe the

importance of granites by Robert Bruce in the year 1900. Later on, RW.

Welther emphasized about the decorative and other building stones in the

erstwhile princely Mysore State during 1905. P. Sampath lyengar and W. F.

Smith have given an account of occurrence of ornamental stones in parts of

Mysore, Tumkur and Mandya districts.

About 48 percent (92,000 Sq. Kms) of the geographical area of the State

is covered by granites and granite rocks, But of which 4,200 sq km is established

to be composed of granites of ornamental quality. However, exploitable m t e

deposits account for 1 percent of the rural geographical area of Karnataka,

which is indeed very large area. Nevertheless, systematic mapping has been

done in identifying the potential areas and reserves of the ornamental stones.

Since 1965 thak were about 41 q u a y leases of ornamental granite found

during 1966. There are three main tracks of ornamental granites viz., the eastern

~arnataka, the Central track and the southern western track. Most of these tracks

are found the districts like Mysore, Bangalore, Mandya, Tumkur, Kolar,

Chitradurga, Bellary, Raichur and parts of Bijapur in the State.

Granite quarrying and export h m Karnataka State recorded tremendous

growth, which accounted 60 percent in the country during 1980's. Subsequently,

Karnataka's share has reduced to 40 percent in the granite export in the country

(which has touched Rs. 300 crores a year in 1980's) because of the restricted

policies adopted by the State.

4.2. GRANITE RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA:

Karnataka is endowed with rich varieties of granite resources.

Approximately one hundred varieties of rocks are available in K w t a k a .

Granites with pleasing textures and colour apart from the attractive gneisses,

migmatites and sober dyke rocks are abundantly available.

The past two decades have seen the upward trend in the granite industry.

Sophisticated machinery for excavation, cutting and polishing and advanced

technique in the industries have brought the granite to the top for the use in

khitcctural structures, monuments etc. The human tendency to attain

immortality hw given way for the use of granite as tombstones.

The consumption of decorative granite is on the increase in both

developing and developed countries. India is an important supplier of

granite to the international market. Karnataka State is the leading

producer of dimension stones. The Precambrian terrain most commonly known

as hard rock t e d n is the assemblage of rocks with premier and basic quality of

0rnament.1 stones. The peninsular gneisses, closepet granites and younger

granite intrusions are the main sources of ornamental stones. The pink

migmatitic granite and grey granite of peninsular origin are attractive and widely

used. Pink porpheries and pink granites of closepet groups add to the varieties

of granite with their enchanting look. The younger granite of North Karnataka

have acquired the top position in the international market with appealing colours

a d uniform textures. The dolerite dykes and a few sills intruded into the high-

grade charnockitic rocks in the southern part of Kmataka are known for their

popularity. They are marketed as black granite. The location of different

ornamental varieties of granites in Karnataka is presented in Table 4.1.

chlpar-4

Table 4.1: Location of different ornamental varieties of granites of Karmataka

SI. No. 1,

2.

3.

4.

5.

Dirtrict

Bangalore

Dharwar

Gulbarga

Hassan

Kolar

I

Taluk

1 )Kanozkapura

2) Magadi 3) Ramanagaram

4) Nelamangala

1) Shimhatti 2) Rom

1) Shahapur

2) Shorapur

1) Belur

2) Hassan

1) Gudibanda 2) Chintamani 3) Bangarpet

Ornamental Variety Pink Multi Colour Gneiss Pink Multi- Colour Gneiss Pink, Multi- Colour Gneiss Grey granite Brownish Porphyry

Pink Granite Pink and Greyish Pink Granite

w e

Dyke

GW Granite Grey Granite Dyke

Trade Name 'Zuprana'

Indian Teak Sawan Rose

'Varde Star' or 'Varde India' Tiger Skin *bsm Green Zebra White

River Pink

2) M.M. Hills

2) Deodurga

2) Deodurga

3) Lingasugur

4) Yelburga

1)Sira

2) Kunigal

3) Sivagange

Yellow

Granite Syenite bphery

Pink & Grey Pink Bt Grey Porphery Green Granite Pink, Grey& Black Granite & Pink Gneiss Grey Granite Granite Porpheries Porpheries

lo.

JDP Black 1

1 1 .

Green Rose -i

Bijapur

Flowery Granite Cat Eye Rose Fantasy Fish Belly

source: Department of Mines and Geology, ~ovmmenl Bagdore.

Chitradurga

Tiger Black Himalayan Black

'India Grey'

1)Ilkal

Surya Splendour B-Red Rose Pearl Rose Rose Goa

Pink Granite And Multi- coloured

----

New Imperial Or Ruby red Sentinel

Granite Grey Granite

The pink multi ooloured granite reserves among other varieties shows

highest i.e., 60 percent in amt taka, followed by grey granite, porphay, pink

md black granite in the same order.

The reserves of different ornamental granite deposits assessed by the

Department of Mines and Geology, Karmataka is indicated in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2. : &amcnhl variety of Granite Ressrvsl in Karnahla

Source: Same as Table 4.1

SI.No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5 ,

Ornamental Variety

Pink multicoloured Granite

Pink Granite

Grey Granite

Black Granite

Pro~her~

Total

&served (Inferred) In KCum

132.55

06.96

64.84

03.95

12.80

221.10

% Of Total

60

3

29

2

6

100

Ornamental variety of Granite Reserves in Karnataka

Table 4.3 h i s h e s the details of number of ornamental stone leases by

district-wise and diff-t varieties of granite stones in Kamataka. Bangalore South occupies the highest leases account for 205 out of 508 in the State. Again

across the varieties of granite leases, multi colour predominantly dominates as

compared to grey, black and pink colour granites. The koppal and

~haxnarajaosgar 'districts ocoupies second and t h ' i place, followed by Tumkur,

Bellary, Raichur, Hassan, Bagalkot and Kolar in the same order in the case of

number of leases of ornamental granites are concerned. The overall picture of

leases across the different varieties of granites, multicolour ranked top, followed

by pink, black, grey, green, yellow, dolerite, red and quartzite dating 2003 in

Kmataka State.

Table 4.3: Total No. Of ornamental stone leasea district-wise and mineral wise as on 31-03-2003

Distdct Total Bangalore 205 (South) b an galore 12 (North) Kolar 29 Mysore 18 Charnarajnagar 4 1 Mandya 4 Tumkw 35 Dakshina Kannada 4 Udupi 12 Shimoga -

Bijapur - Bagakot 30

Belgaum Gulbarga

I

Total 1 580 I I I I I I - I I I I I Note: M- Multicolour, G-Grey, B-Black, P-Pink, Y-Yellow, D-Dolerite, Gn- Green, R-Red, Q-Quartzite Source: Same as Table 4.1.

4.2. ROLE OF DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND GEOlLOGY

The prestige premier mganization in India engaged in Geological Surveys

md invesaations since 108 years. Contributions of pre-indepadence period and dedication of the scientists of the arganjzations in post independence are

f~undations af indwtzial growth of the country and Kamataka in particular.

sy~tanatic dwdopment of mineral based industries and planned f d g n

exchange earnings by exports is reality due to investigations of this organization.

The granite in the world market carries the tag of Karnataka. The

branches of this institution cater the changing trends. Research on Granites will

stabilize the market for granites of Kmataka in fiture.

The rocks of different varieties found in Kmmtaka are as follows:

1. Igneous Units Rocks

2. Metamorphic Rocks

3. Sedimentary Rocks

The type of ornamental stone of Karnataka can be classified into two

major groups namely:

1. Granites, gneisses and other acidic rocks and

2. Dyke rocks

Some of the important varieties of granite are:

a. Porphyrilic Granites

b. Equigtanular pink Granite

c. Zenco Granite

d. Porphyritic Grey Granite

e. Equigranullar Grey Granite and

f* Grey & Pink Gneisses

Department of Mine8 and Geology, Head office, Bangalore

~epartment of Mines and Geology, Kanakapun branch

129

New Initiatives to Promote Granite Industrv:

1. Granite conservation and development Rules, 1999.

2. Lease applications are disposed off with in h e months,

3. Self-assessment of granite are introduced and this would be the basis for

issue of -port permits.

4. Priority is given to scheduled caste and scheduled tribe applicants while

granting the leases.

5. M/s Mysore Minerals Ltd., a State Government undertaking are advised

to develop a granite mine in any suitable location in the state in

collaboration in to other industries engaged in granite quarrying and

trade.

6. Waste generated fiom granite quarries are changed at a lower or

equivalent to ordinasy building materials.

7. Government will consider granting of quarry leases for ornamental stones

in forest area subject to clearance under forest conservation Act 1980.

8. Adjoining granite leases of small size granted under KMMCR 1994 are

allowed to be annual granted into a single base, provided the total area

of all such leases does not exceed 5 hectares.

9. Non-working granite leases would be identified and would be made to

ensure that the leases are not kept idle.

Export Promotion:

Granite stones have the potential for export and the following measures

are taken to promote export of granites in the State.

1. Fairs and exhibitions are organized in the State periodically and visit to

national and international trade fairs, exhibitions and seminars.

2. Priority is acoorded in granting of mining leases to those who put up

export-oriented units in the State.

3. Efforts are made to provide the use of standard equipment fix improving

and maintaining quality standards suiting the requirements of the fareign

buyers.

4. Efforts are made to develop ports specifically to facilitate export of

granites.

4.4. GIRANITE PRODUCTION IN KARNATAKA:

The details of granite production in Karnataka are presented in Table 4.4.

The annual growth rate of production of granites show mixed trend between

1993-94 and 2002-2003 in the State. From 1993-94 up to 1995-96 the

production reveals positive trend and then started showing marginal increase and

some years negative growth rate witnessed (Table 4.4). Further, from 2001-

2002 the momentum gained in the production of granites in the State and

successive year figure show marginal decline.

1.4 : Granite ~roductioe in Karnataka

(In cu.m)

yea?l

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-2000

2000-200 1

200 1-2002

2002-2003

: Department of Mines Ire, Website : https./krulnic.in/mines

Production of Granite

39466

82256

134881

109166

15205 1

127053

136025

126306

183705

168739

and Geology, Government

Annual Growth Rate

- 108.4

64.0

-19.1

39.3

-16.4

7.1

-7.2

45.4

-8.2

of Karnataka,

Table 4.5 indicates the details of royalty realized ftom m i t e in -taka. he

royalty realized up to 1997-98 reveals increasing trends and thereafter started

showing declining trend through marginal production of granites in the State.

Table 4.5. : Royalty realized from Granite in Karnataka.

Source: Same as Table 4.1

S1.No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7,

8.

9.

10.

Year

1993-94

1994-9s

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-2000

2000-200 1

200 1-2002

2002-2003

Royalty Realized through Productioa

of Granite 800

2109

2606

2976

3927

2118

1944

2429

230 1

2344

Annual Growth Rate

- 163.6

23.6

14.2

32.0

46.1

-8.2

24.9

-5.3

1.9

The State Government of Karnataka moved to lift the ban on mining

p i t e and other minerals in the cattle grazing areas. The granite industy in the

state expressed to be granted at least 500 new leasers and license renewals by

the Department of Mines and Geology. The States market share had been nearly

40 percent in production and exports. The notification issued by the

Government stated that the maximum period for which a lease can be granted or

mewed should not exceed 30 years and the minimum period cannot be less

than 20 yeam. It also specified that no leases can be granted or renewed for mining of an area of less than 1 hectare (ha) or greater than 50 ha (International

Bulk Journal: 1999).

The granite industry in Karnataka is losing Rs. 200 crores every year for

the last decade because of ban on quarrying in Chamarajnagar district because of

Veeralppan effect in 1992. The State Government is losing royalty of about

Rs.20 lakhs a month from about 150 quarries operating in the area before the

ban. The area contains richest black granite available in the world. When

quarrying was active, it was from this area that 30 percent of the total material of

the State used to come the Himalayan blue and new ruby red are found in

Koppal district, new imperial red in Bagalkot district and cats eye I star ruby in

Raichur district in Karnataka.

The production of ornamental stone in Karnataka is shown in Table 4.6.

The production of ornamental stone during 1998-99 was 127053 tonnes and

decline in following year but increased tremendously in the year 2000-2001 and

200 1-2002. Again it was consistent during 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Further,

their was a spurt in the production of ornamental stone during 2004-200s in

Kmataka. Nevertheless, the value of these stones shown increasing trend up to

2001-2002 and thereah started declining trend to 2003-2004 [Table 4.6.1.

Table 4.6: Production of Ornamental atone in Karnataka

Annual Growth

I I

Source: Various administrative R Geology. Government of Karnataka

Production Annual Value Gmnd (Tanner) Growth Total

I I I

~ o r t s of the Department of Mines and Bangalore.

Table 4.7. Presents the minor mineral production in Karnataka State. The

growth rate of minor mineral production has increased by 883 percent

during 2000-2001 to that of the base year i.e., 1999-2000. There WM a Ml(273

%) in growth rate during 2001-2002 and again a negative growth rate (-26%) in

the year 2002-2003. But the trend has shown enhancement (68%) during 2003-

2004 and again it has shown declining trend during 2004-2005 in Karnataka.

Table 4.7: Mineral Production in Karnataka

$1. No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Sourt

2004-2005

:e: Same as Table 4.6.

24781712 34

The minerd production in Kamataka in given in Table 4.8. Under minor

mineral the different variety of stone included are building stone, brick earth,

ornamental stone, lime stone/ Shahabad stone and furnished the data between

1999-2000 and 2004-2005 regarding the production and value for the

corresponding stones and the reference year. It is interesting to note that the

mamental stone and its value reveals highest as compared to the building stone,

brick earth and lime stone (Table 4.8.).

Table 4.8: Mineral Production in W

1. Building Stone

2 Brick Earth

3 Ornamental Stone (Cu.m)

4 Lime stone / Shahabad stone (sq*ft)

I

Source: Same M Table.

Year Production

2900682 13855001 9249580 14482230 20021 151 527 3586925 3825 855490 1 739800 3982027 97505 145013 1 163780 173156 170704 8565493 4171813 5193581 3843093 1863008 7754634 8993906

Value (in crom) 8.80 N.A 6.28 16.2 1 N. A 1.49 Neg N.A. .04 -15 N.A N. A 43.77 3.46 48.97 7.5 1 N.A N.A 0.49 N.A 0.47 0.65 N.A 0.95

Table 4.9 furnishes the details of h e h and renewal of mineral quarxy

lease applications in Kmataka. The overall scenario of the h s h and renewal

mineral lease quarry application shows an increasing trend of the fonnu

category than the latter h m 2001-2002 to 2004-2005. Across the colour of the

granite black colour granite quarry lease application were more as compared to

pink colour, multi colour, grey wlour and green colour. However, the other

colour viz., yellow, red, white and ornamental reveals least in Karnataka State

during the reference period.

Table 4.9. : F m h and Renewal of Mineral Quarry leaae Applications in - -

Karnataka 11 1 Colou r I 200041 1 2001-02 1 2002-03 1 2003-04 1 2004. lo*

F

, Multi colour NA

Black NA

I I

I Yellow NA I I

1 Green I NA

I I

I 1 Red I NA I I Blue

I I NA I I

10 I Pink Porphery I NA I

11 I White I

I NA

Total 255 I I

Note: F= Fresh, R = Renewa I

Not Available.

Source: Same rrs Table 1

The application received fat mineral quarry lease by different colours of

granite in Karnataka is given Table 4.10. The number of applications received

shows mixed trend between 2000-2001 and 2004-2005. Acrossl the colom of

the granite again black colour reveals highest and followed by pink, grey, multi

colour and green. Nevertheless, yellow, red, white and ornamental colours of the

granite indicates low in Karnataka State.

Table 4.10: Application received for mineral quarry lease by colours in Urnataka

Source: Same as Table 4.1.

SI. No. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 1

12

Colonr

Mdti colour

Black

OW

Pink

Yellow

Green

Orange

Red

Blue

Pink Porphery

White

Ornamental

Total

2000- 2001

85

86

36

38

04

10

01

0 1

0 1

- - -

262

2001- 2002 42

82

2 1

45 -

15 - - - - - -

205

2002- 2003 49

117

56

47

0 1

25

- - - - - -

295

2003- 2004

SO

154

17

67

04

10

- 02

- 04

- -

308

2004- 2005

3 5

127

42

5 5

04

15 -

0 1

- -

04

03

286

Table 4.11 indicates the quarry lease executed by granite colow in

mataka during 2000-2001, Multi-colour occupies top position in quany lease

execution of granite co~ours as compared to pink, black and grey and started

showing declining trend during the successive years (multi colour) and grey

colour ranked high compared to black, multi colour, pink, yellow and green in

the State (Table 4.1 1 .)

Table 4.11. : Quarry lease executed by Granite colour in Karnatalca

Source: Same as Table 4.1.

SI. No. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 1

Colour

Multi Colour

Black

Grey

Pink

Yellow

Green

Red

Quartzite

Blue

Dolerite Dyke

Pink Porphery

Total

2000- 2001 59

19

15

34

02

- - - - - -

129

2001- 2002 24

14

09

19 -

06 g

- - - - 73

2002- 2003 22

16

13

20 -

04

- - - g

g

77

2003- 2004

17

12

04

14

05

08 - g

- - -

60

2004- 2005

1 1

15

19

09

02

03

- -

- g

- 59

The quarry leaae executed by gmnite colour in Bangalore South and

North in Karnataka is presented in Table 4.12. In Bangalore south, multi wlow

dominates, though initially i.e., during 2000-01 and thereafk showing declining

trend. Whereas, black, grey and pink granite quarry lease executed reveals just

opposite of that of multi-colour in the State.

Table 4.12: Quarry lease Executed by Granite colour in Bangalore South and North in Karnataka.

SI. 1 Colour I 2000-01 1 2001-02 1 2002-03 I ZOOS04 I

Source: Same as Table 4.1.

No.

1.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9.

Note: B.S= Bangalore South (Kanakapura) B.N= Bangalore North

Multi colour

Black

Grey

Pink

Yellow

Green

Red

Quartzite

Blue

Total

BS

54

1

2

w

- - . - w

57

BN - 1

9

2

- - - - - 3

BS

20

1

- - - - - - .

21

BN

- - - 4

w

- - - . 4

BS

2 1

03

03

- - - - - -

27

BS

16

- -

01

. -

1

- 9

17

BN

w

- - - - w

9

- - -

BN

- - -

. . . . . .. - - *

- - - -

Table 4.13 presents the production of ornamental stones 41 -taka during 1990-91 upto 2000-01. The annual growth rate of production of

ornamental stone reveals that it was highest during the year 1991-92 and

th& shows mixed trends in the State. However, the royalty figures indicate positive trends for more number of years than the negative trends in

Table 4.13. : Production of Ornamental Stones in Karnataka

SI.No.

I I I I I

Source: Basappa Reddy M (2004) Ornamental stone resources in Karnataka and

1

State policy, Department of Mines and geology, Bangalore, Published in Stona 2004

Year

1990-9 1

Production (In cu.m)

16,000

Annual Growth

Rate -

Royalty (In lakh &)

Annual Growth Rate

133 -

The outlay and expenditure in industries and mining during five yew

plans in Karnataka is exhibited in Table 4.14. The outlays for mining over the

Five year Plans shows both inoreasing and decreasing trends. Whereas for the

industries there was consistent and substantial like in the outlays as well as

expenditure in Karnataka State.

Table 4.14. : Outlay and Expenditure in Industries and Mining during Five-Year Plans in Karnataka.

SI. No. 1

2

Five Year Plans *

First Five year Plan

Mining Outlay

206

3

Second Five year

4

Expenditure

130

plan Third Five year

5

(-1 1179

plan Annual Plan 1966-

6

Industries Outlay 4759

(472) 1574

69 Fourth Five year

7

Expenditure

4052 (-1

1210

(34) 665

plan Fifh five year plan

8

9

(83 1) 1548

(-58) 1475

-

Annual plan 78-80

10

14513

(28) 813

(-6) 4269

Sixth five year plan

Seventh five year

1 1

14027

24622

(-29) 1572

(1 89) 4434

plan Annual plans 90-92

12

Source: Statistical outline of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government. Of Kamataka, Bangalore. Pp. 84-87.

26414

16484

(2) 4383

(4) 16268 (267) 24 108

-

Eighth Five year

-

19096

35000

(179) 5050

(48) 1 8409

plan Ninth five year plan

(4) I (-434) I

35985

106120

(6) 28639 (553) 35058

(-24) 98400

Note: Figures in bracket denote growth rate

74494

73066

(24) 22396

(308) ,

102600

60565

226500

357500

(-32) 89290

27 1049

405640

270280

(422) 20343

305970

1230000 15 16665

2339952 2830008

The minimum wages for unskilled workers in scheduled employments as

on 3 1 : 12:2002 is indicated in Table 4.15.

The number of scheduled employments account for 71 categories. The minimum wages includes basic and dearness allowance put together fix the

minimum wages for the above categories. For example agriculture constitutes

basic Rs.46.50 and dearness allowance Rs.9.80 and the minimum wages will be

Rs.56.

In the case of mosaic tiles, flooring - glazing tiles manufacturing indusm

fix the wage rate Rs. 76 per day. While stone breaking and stone crushing

minimum wages were fixed for Rs. 72. (Table 4.15).

Table 4.15: Minimurn wages for unskilled workers in scheduled empmpl~ymenb as on 31.12.2002.

. . .

Name of the scheduled Employment Minhum Wages as on 31.12.2002

Boric

KARNATAKA

Agarbatti

Soil C o m a t i o n 22.20 - 22

Automobile Engineering 72.60 5.60 78

Bakeries 39.35 28.25 67

Biscuits 3523 32.36 67

Beedi Manufacturing Industry 36.85 28.29 65

Brass, Copper and Aluminium Utenesils 42.29 33.85 76 Manufactwing Industry

Brick Industry 40.44 33.85 74

Cardamom Malaise Bt Cardamom 58.00 11.78 69

Gardens

Carpentry Industry and Saw Mills 63.00 13.73 76

Cashew Industries 21.50 39.02 60

Ceramics, Stoneware & Pottery Works 74.00 08.25 82

Chemical Indusitry 42.29 33.85 76

Clubs 50.03 28.24 78

Coffee curing warkg 55.00 20.59 75

Confatiormy Industry

19,

20,

2 1.

22.

23.

24.

25,

26.

27.

28.

29 I

I 30

31

32

33

34

35

36

IT I

38 4

Cinchona, Rubber, Tea or Coffee, Plantations

Cinchona, Rubber, Tea or Coffee, Plantations non staff workers

Construction or Maintenance of Rods or Building Operations

Cotton Ginning & Pressing

Electronics Industry

Electroplating Industry

Engineering Industry

Film Industry

Fishing, Fish Curing, Fish Peeling and Frog legs exporting

Food Processing, Packing of food Products (Including Tea, Coffee and Spices)

Forestry & Timbering Industry

Foundry with or without Machine Shaft

Glass & Glass Ware Industry

Granite Stones and Marbles Industry

Handloom and Powerloom (Cotton) Industry

Hostels

Hotel Industry

Hospitals and Nursing Homes

Ice factory & Cold Storage

K h a n M and Sugar Industsy

66

74

70

82

77

77

83

80

76

70

77

68

70

78

76

8 1

70

87

77

36

$2.00

66.76

35.50

69.00

43.95

60.15

44.00

25,82

44.00

42.06

69.30

56.57

42.29

70,30

35.23

76,36

35.38

83.84

71.69

62.69

14.72

08.23

35.30

13.73

33,85

17.67

39.49

5464

32.95

28.24

08.23

11.78

28.24

08.23

40.9 1

05.60

35.31

03.23

05.60

13.75

/

39

40

41

42

L a w I n d U m

Manufbtwh~ of A ~ e d i c and Allopathic Medicines

Manuhturing of Liquor (Breweries), Distilleries, including Bottling of Liquor

Metal Rolling & Re-Rolling (Ferrous)

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

74

81

78

76

5 1.50

75.73

55.96

42.29

Metal Rolling and Re-Rolling (Ferrous)

Match Works Industry

Mini Cement Plant

Mosaic Tiles, Flooring 1 Glazing tiles mfg.

Industry

Oil Mills

Petrol & Diesel Oil Pumps

Plastic, Rubber and PVC Pipes mfg.

Industry

Ply Wood Industry

Printing Presses

Private Finance Corporation and Chit funds

Procurement, Pmessing and distribution of Milk

Public Motor Transport

Rice, Flour or Dal Mills

Rubber Products

Sericultun:

kcurity Agencies -

22.67

05.60

22.67

33.85

39.35

44.50

42.29

42.29

66.50

21.96

44.00

36.00

71.50

42.20

76.42

72.34

74.00

44.00

60.25

78.61

33.85

39.46

33.85

33.85

08.23

43.70

32.95

40.88

09.63

33.85

03.25

03.25

08.23

39.49

20.61

03.25

73

83

76

76

74

65

76

76

81

76

79

75

82

83

80

81

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

Source 2002, Bangal

Spinning Mill Mwiq

I Shops & Commercial Establishments

Spun Pipes, Concrete Pipes, Sanitary Fittings, PCC, RCS Poles & RCC Pipes

42.29 1 28.09 1 70

Mfg. Induty.

Steel ALmerah, Tables, Chain and other Steel M& Industsy

Toddy Tapping

Tile Industry

Tailoring Induby

Tanneries and Leather M a n u f a

ore.

Textile (Silk) Industry

Timber Depot Industry

Tobacco Processing Industries

Veneer Industry

!: Report on the working of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 for the year Table 3, Directorate of Social Welfare, Government of Karnataka,

65.00

55.34

73.42

68.00

26.50

22.67

08.23

08.25

91

78

81

76

The district-wise quarry lease application received in Karnataka is

plesented in Table 4.16. Bangalore South (Kanakapum) account for highest

number of quarry lease applications i.e., fresh. This is followed by Raichur

district, Mandya, Karwar, Kolar, Chamarajanagar, Bellary districts. While

renewal quarry lease applications were more during 2002-03 and here after

started declining during the sucoessive yeam.

Table 4.17. shows districts wise quarry lease applications and leased

executed in &mataka. Similarly Bangalore South (Kanakapura) occupies

highest number of lease application and lease executed as compare the ether

districts like Chamarajanagar, Kolar, Bellary districts in &mataka.

Nevertheless the lease executed between 2000-01 and 2004-2005 reveals

declining trend in Karnataka.