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Sixth Grade Social Studies SS060111Unit 1: Foundations in Social Studies Lesson 11

Graphic Organizer

July 8, 2009

The United States federal system divides power

between a national government and state

governments.

The United States government is a

representative democracy.

Thinking Like A Political Scientist

What is government? What is the purpose of

government?

The Constitution is the framework of the United

States government.

There are three branches of government: legislative,

executive, and judicial.

Each branch checks the other two branches.

The Bill of Rights protects individual

freedoms.


Big Ideas Card

Big Ideas of Lesson 11, Unit 1

1. Governments are organizations that set up and enforce laws to protect people and resolve conflicts.

2. A federal system is a government system in which powers are divided between the national and state governments.

3. The United States government is a representative democracy, or a republic, in which citizens hold political power through elected representatives.

4. The United States government has three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch.

5. The United States Constitution gives each branch of government the power to check, or limit, the other two branches.

6. The rights of United States citizens are granted by the Bill of Rights.

Word Cards

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Word cards from previous lessons needed for this lesson:

Constitution – Word Card #10 from Lesson 1

105. government

a system that creates and enforces laws and institutions in a region such as a community or a country

Example: The countries of the world have different kinds of governments.

(SS060111)

106. representative democracy

a government where the political power is in the hands of the people

Example: The United States is a representative democracy.

(SS060111)

107. federal system

a system of government in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Example: The Constitution established a federal system in the United States.

(SS060111)

108. Preamble

the first part of the Constitution which describes the purpose of the Constitution and of government

Example: The Preamble of the Constitution begins with the words, “We the people.”

(SS060111)

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109. branches of government

one of the three different sections of government

Example: One branch of government makes laws. One branch of government enforces laws. One branch of government decides what the laws mean. (SS060111)

110. legislative branch

the branch of government that makes laws

Example: The legislative branch made a law that set a new speed limit.

(SS060111)

111. executive branch

the branch of governmentthat enforces laws

Example: It was up to the executive branch to enforce the new speed limit.

112. judicial branch

the branch of government that decides what laws mean

Example: Courts are part of the judicial branch. Courts decide what happens to people who drive over the speed limit.

(SS060111)

113. separation of powers

power is separated, or divided, between the three branches of government

Example: There is a separation of powers between the three branches. Each branch of government has its own powers which other branches cannot take. (SS060111)

114. checks and balances

the way in which the different branches of government keep each other from having too much power

Example: The three branches of government use checks and balances to keep from having too much power. (SS060111)

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115. Bill of Rights

the first ten amendments to the Constitution which describe individual rights

Example: The Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution to make sure individual rights would be protected. (SS060111)

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Preamble ScrambleThe Constitution sets the foundation for the United States Government.

The Preamble gives the reasons why the writers wanted to form such a government.

Ben tripped and dropped the Preamble before he could set it in the printing press.Help Ben reassemble the Preamble.

this Constitution for the United States of America. and secure the Blessings of Liberty

We the people do ordain and establish of the United States provide for the common defense,

in Order to form insure domestic Tranquility, a more perfect Union, to ourselves and our Posterity,

promote general Welfare, establish Justice

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America’s Historical Documents. The Constitution. National Archives and Records Administration. 17 March 2009<http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html>

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http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html


THREE BRANCHES CUT-&-PASTE ACTIVITY

Makes the laws Settles disputes Enforces the laws

Plans the federal budget

Declares laws unconstitutional to

protect citizens’ rightsDeclares war

Passes/vetoes Congressional bills

Includes Congress: Senate and House of

Representatives

Includes Supreme Court, lower federal

courts, and 9 Justices

Shapes and carries out foreign policy

Approves/rejects President’s Supreme

Court appointees

Includes President, Vice President, and

14 Cabinet members

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THREE BRANCHES: SEPARATE BUT EQUAL

DIRECTIONS: Our Founding Fathers wanted to ensure that no one government official, or group, had too much power. They created three equal branches of the federal government. Each branch has special powers over the laws that govern our nation. Use your cut-and-paste activity, and your knowledge of our government, to answer the questions below.

1. Why did our Founding Fathers design a government with three branches?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. Who declares war? Why do you think this is so?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3. How does the Supreme Court protect citizens’ rights?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

4. Who conducts foreign policy? Why do we need foreign policy?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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CHECKS AND BALANCES GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

In order to prevent one group or person from having too much power the Constitution divides or separates the power of the government among the three branches: the executive (President), the legislative (Congress), and the judicial (courts). These powers are equally divided or balanced so that no branch is stronger or more powerful than another. Each of the branches also has a way to check or stop the other branches from doing something wrong. Fill in the chart below, with your teacher, to show the power each branch has to stop or check another branch.

BRANCH HAS THE POWER TO CHECK BY. . . .

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CHECKS AND BALANCES

DIRECTIONS: Use your graphic organizer to fill in the blanks in the sentences to tell which branch is using what power to check another branch.

1. The President acts because he believes that a law passed by Congress would not be in the best interest of the people.

The ____________________ branch is using the power of

_________________________ to check the____________________ branch.

2. Even though the President has vetoed a law, Congress acts because it believes the law represents the people’s wishes.

The __________________ branch is using the power of

______________________________________ to check the _______________

branch.

3. The Supreme Court rules that a law is against the Constitution.The _________________ branch is using the power of

______________________________________________ to check the

_______________ branch.

4. The Congress accuses the President of misusing his or her powers.

The _____________________ branch is using the power of

_________________________ to check the ________________ branch.

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The United States Bill of Rights

Note: The following text is a transcription of the first ten amendments to the Constitution in their original form. These amendments were ratified December 15, 1791, and form what is known as the "Bill of Rights."

Amendment I

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment II

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Amendment III

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Amendment IV

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Amendment V

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of

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law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Amendment VI

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

Amendment VII

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Amendment VIII

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Amendment IX

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment X

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Bill of Rights. The Charters of Freedom. NARA. 17 March 2009

RIGHTS OF CITIZENS: THE BILL OF RIGHTS!

July 8, 2009


When the Constitution was ratified in 1789, many people were concerned that it did not protect certain freedoms. They thought that the Constitution should be changed or amended to protect these freedoms. On December 15, 1791, ten amendments were added to the Constitution. These amendments guarantee certain freedoms and rights, so they are known as the Bill of Rights!

Synopsis of the Bill of RightsAmendment 1: Congress cannot establish an official religion. It cannot pass laws that limit religious worship, freedom of speech, freedom of the press (write what you wish in newspapers, magazines, books, etc.), the right to gather peacefully (to assemble), and the right to contact the government for help from unfair practices.Amendment 2: The federal government cannot limit the rights of states and individuals to own weapons (bear arms).Amendment 3: People cannot be forced to house soldiers in their house (quartering troops).Amendment 4: People cannot be arrested nor can their house or belongings be searched without probable cause or a proper warrant (search and seizure).Amendment 5: No one can be punished for a crime without being formally accused by a grand jury, except in cases involving the military. No one can be tried for the same offense twice or be forced to testify against him or herself. Amendment 6: A person accused of a crime has the right to a quick, fair and public trial by an impartial jury (other citizens, not just a judge) {a speedy and fair trial}.

Amendment 7: In legal disputes (disagreements) between persons over more than $20, both sides have the right to a trial by jury (civil suits).Amendment 8: The amount set for bails and fines must be fair. Cruel and unusual punishment is prohibited.Amendment 9: The rights listed in the first eight amendments are not the only rights people have. All rights not listed in the Constitution or the Bill of Rights belong to the people.

Amendment 10: Powers not given to the federal government by Constitution are belong to the states or to the people.

THE BILL OF RIGHTS

DIRECTIONS: In the United States, each person has certain freedoms, or rights. The first ten amendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, protect these individual rights. Some of these rights are:

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freedom of religion the right to a speedy trialfreedom of the press the right to own propertyfreedom of speech freedom to assemble (meet)life the right to privacyliberty (freedom)

Complete the table below by filling in the right each example demonstrates.

disagree with other people

not be held in jail without a chance to defend ourselves

travel freely

buy a house in any neighborhood

talk on the phone without anyone listening

join the church of your choice

hold a meeting to protest building a new department store in your town

write a letter to the editor criticizing the mayor of your town

RUBRIC:BILL OF RIGHTS POSTER

_____ One amendment is chosen and serves as the title for the poster _____ A brief definition of that Amendment is written

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(You may use the Bill of Rights synopsis to help you)

_____ An illustration is included showing how this amendment relates to your life

_____ Writing is neat, good use of punctuation, spelling is correct _____ Drawing is neat, creative, and colorful

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