Flora and fauna Flora and fauna

Region of Region of Central Central

MacedoniaMacedoniaKILKIS (KILKIS (AArea: 2.519 rea: 2.519 sqsq. . km,km, PopulationPopulation:: 89.056 89.056 ))

FloraFlora

Under the influence of flora, climate, Under the influence of flora, climate, orographic modulation of geological-orographic modulation of geological-petrographic composition, soil and strong petrographic composition, soil and strong anthropogenic influences, past and present, anthropogenic influences, past and present, formed in the area three main vegetation zones formed in the area three main vegetation zones (potential vegetation), distinguished by (potential vegetation), distinguished by floristic , ecological, and historical floristic , ecological, and historical physiognomy.physiognomy.

The boundaries of these zones, as well as The boundaries of these zones, as well as growth areas and sub-areas that include, it is growth areas and sub-areas that include, it is often unclear, as their depiction is only possible often unclear, as their depiction is only possible after a more or less generalized information.after a more or less generalized information.

FloraFlora

The main vegetation zones in the The main vegetation zones in the area area identified as follows:identified as follows:

A.A. Evmesogeiaki vegetation zone Evmesogeiaki vegetation zone (Quercetalia ilicis)(Quercetalia ilicis)

B.B. Paramesogeiaki vegetation zone Paramesogeiaki vegetation zone (Quercetalia pubescentis)(Quercetalia pubescentis)

C.C. Zone of beech forests (Fagetalia)Zone of beech forests (Fagetalia)

FloraFlora

Land ReforestationsLand Reforestations It should be emphasized the existence of large areas of It should be emphasized the existence of large areas of

plantations of exotic conifers and Greek in plantations of exotic conifers and Greek in paramesogeiaki vegetation zone. The pine has been paramesogeiaki vegetation zone. The pine has been used as the main species in reforestation of several used as the main species in reforestation of several regions.regions.

The forest species used in reforestation are: Pinus The forest species used in reforestation are: Pinus brutia, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea, Pinus nigra, brutia, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea, Pinus nigra, Cupressus sempervirens, Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus sempervirens, Cupressus arizonica, Robinia pseudacacia, Populus x canadensis etc.Robinia pseudacacia, Populus x canadensis etc.

FloraFlora

Plant Species of our regionPlant Species of our region

FloraFlora

HHollyolly The holly is a species that grows usually with bushy form, forming The holly is a species that grows usually with bushy form, forming

extensive forests, or together with other trees and shrubs.extensive forests, or together with other trees and shrubs. The holly is very spread species in the Mediterranean and is the The holly is very spread species in the Mediterranean and is the

most common evergreen plant of our country. Cause of the most common evergreen plant of our country. Cause of the spread of which is the fact that it grows from the coast up to an spread of which is the fact that it grows from the coast up to an altitude of more than a thousand meters.altitude of more than a thousand meters.

The holly looks shrub or small tree with a height of about 1 to 6 The holly looks shrub or small tree with a height of about 1 to 6 meters or a little more. The bark is tefrochromos initially smooth, meters or a little more. The bark is tefrochromos initially smooth, later scaly or torn xirofloio trunk and old branches. The leaves are later scaly or torn xirofloio trunk and old branches. The leaves are simple, leathery, smooth surface, 1-5 cm long The fruits of alder simple, leathery, smooth surface, 1-5 cm long The fruits of alder appear solitary or in pairs.appear solitary or in pairs.

The fruit (acorns) used to produce red dye, and in pharmacy. The The fruit (acorns) used to produce red dye, and in pharmacy. The yew is also valuable food for goats. Cornerstone risk holly as fires, yew is also valuable food for goats. Cornerstone risk holly as fires, as it is highly flammable plant.as it is highly flammable plant.

FloraFlora

FirFir

The fir tree is belonging to the family of elatidon. Three species of The fir tree is belonging to the family of elatidon. Three species of conifer trees that are in Greece. This is the hybrid fir, the conifer trees that are in Greece. This is the hybrid fir, the Kefalonian and white fir. In the area of Kilkis the main species is Kefalonian and white fir. In the area of Kilkis the main species is the hybrid fir which is a mix between the Kefalonian and white fir.the hybrid fir which is a mix between the Kefalonian and white fir.

The fir tree height is 15-20 m, depending on the species, with The fir tree height is 15-20 m, depending on the species, with close hair, good body and thin branches. The root of the system is close hair, good body and thin branches. The root of the system is characterized as moderately deep and intense. The onset of characterized as moderately deep and intense. The onset of spermoparagogis is 20-50 years of age and reaches its maximum spermoparagogis is 20-50 years of age and reaches its maximum at the age of 60-100 years. The seeds are small germination and at the age of 60-100 years. The seeds are small germination and germination is done 2-4 weeks after sowing. The increase in germination is done 2-4 weeks after sowing. The increase in height is very slowly and reaches the maximum in the age of 40-height is very slowly and reaches the maximum in the age of 40-60 years. The life is from 300 to 500 years.60 years. The life is from 300 to 500 years.

The fir has high water requirements and need deep, loose soils The fir has high water requirements and need deep, loose soils with good drainage and high relative humidity. Of the three with good drainage and high relative humidity. Of the three species more resistant to drought is the hybrid fir.species more resistant to drought is the hybrid fir.

FloraFlora

BeechBeech

The beech is a genus of deciduous tree species that are found The beech is a genus of deciduous tree species that are found throughout Europe, Asia and N America. In our country, the beech throughout Europe, Asia and N America. In our country, the beech grows at altitudes of 500-1800 m and is located in Macedonia, grows at altitudes of 500-1800 m and is located in Macedonia, Thrace, Mount Olympus, Mount Pindos, Metsovo and Konitsa. Thrace, Mount Olympus, Mount Pindos, Metsovo and Konitsa. Halkidiki are beech forests in Chortiatis in Stratoniko in Halkidiki are beech forests in Chortiatis in Stratoniko in Cholomonta and Athos.Cholomonta and Athos.

The beech tree can reach a height of about 40 meters has a The beech tree can reach a height of about 40 meters has a straight trunk and crown conical when young, and when he grows straight trunk and crown conical when young, and when he grows old tree becomes a broad dome. The leaves are oval and dark old tree becomes a broad dome. The leaves are oval and dark green in color. The wood is light reddish color.green in color. The wood is light reddish color.

The beech wood used in construction, furniture, shipbuilding and The beech wood used in construction, furniture, shipbuilding and general in the wood industry.general in the wood industry.

FloraFlora

OrchidOrchid

The Orchid is an ornamental plant. It is the largest family of flowering The Orchid is an ornamental plant. It is the largest family of flowering plants in the order of angiosperms. This is the newest family of the plant plants in the order of angiosperms. This is the newest family of the plant kingdom, which is in the process of evolution and thus presents many kingdom, which is in the process of evolution and thus presents many peculiarities in the varieties included. Feature is, in fact, that the family of peculiarities in the varieties included. Feature is, in fact, that the family of orchididon added every year approximately 800 species.orchididon added every year approximately 800 species.

Orchids are found in nearly all ecosystems on the planet, although they Orchids are found in nearly all ecosystems on the planet, although they usually prefer warm areas with mild climate. In Greece encountered usually prefer warm areas with mild climate. In Greece encountered approximately 175 species, 50 of which are endemic.approximately 175 species, 50 of which are endemic.

The main threats to orchid from illegal collection and destruction of The main threats to orchid from illegal collection and destruction of minimum or unique habitats, but also by their geographical isolation. minimum or unique habitats, but also by their geographical isolation. Others are risks to the species is widespread overgrazing and Others are risks to the species is widespread overgrazing and construction of forest roads.construction of forest roads.

FaunaFauna

TODO : General InfoTODO : General Info Add some photosAdd some photos

FloraFlora

Wild Animals of our regionWild Animals of our region

FaunaFauna

WolfWolf

The wolf (Canis lupus) is a carnivorous mammal of the family kynidon. ; The wolf (Canis lupus) is a carnivorous mammal of the family kynidon. ; Today, wolves are found mainly in hilly and mountainous areas of Central Today, wolves are found mainly in hilly and mountainous areas of Central Europe, the Mediterranean and N America. Among the areas of our Europe, the Mediterranean and N America. Among the areas of our country that meets the wolf is Kilkis. The length of the wolf can reach up country that meets the wolf is Kilkis. The length of the wolf can reach up to 1.5 meters and height of 90 cm The wolf has long legs and tight chest. to 1.5 meters and height of 90 cm The wolf has long legs and tight chest. Because of the anatomy can travel long distances in search of food. ; The Because of the anatomy can travel long distances in search of food. ; The wolf feeds primarily herbivores such as deer and roe deer. As, however, wolf feeds primarily herbivores such as deer and roe deer. As, however, these animals gradually disappear, the wolf turns to other small animals these animals gradually disappear, the wolf turns to other small animals such as rodents in livestock species, dead animals or even garbage. ; A such as rodents in livestock species, dead animals or even garbage. ; A characteristic feature of life of the wolf is the organization in droves. characteristic feature of life of the wolf is the organization in droves. Center of the herd is always unique dominant breeding pair. Females give Center of the herd is always unique dominant breeding pair. Females give birth once a year from 3 to 7 microns. The young remain with their birth once a year from 3 to 7 microns. The young remain with their parents for a year and then fall in the same or another herd or go in parents for a year and then fall in the same or another herd or go in search of their own territory. ; The wolf is protected throughout Europe search of their own territory. ; The wolf is protected throughout Europe and is included in the endangered species of our country.and is included in the endangered species of our country.

FaunaFauna

JackalJackal

The jackal (Canis aureus) live in SE Europe, in parts of Asia and Africa. The jackal (Canis aureus) live in SE Europe, in parts of Asia and Africa. The country is located in N. Greece, the Peloponnese, the Ionian Sea and The country is located in N. Greece, the Peloponnese, the Ionian Sea and Samos. Areas that prefers a low altitude and is usually lakes, swamps, Samos. Areas that prefers a low altitude and is usually lakes, swamps, rivers, and beaches.rivers, and beaches.

The jackal's body reaches a length of up to about 96 cm tall and 40 cm The The jackal's body reaches a length of up to about 96 cm tall and 40 cm The jackal has tan fur and a bushy tail. The diet consists of fruits, birds, soil, jackal has tan fur and a bushy tail. The diet consists of fruits, birds, soil, small mammals, such as rodents and carrion. Exaitis's diet of carrion, small mammals, such as rodents and carrion. Exaitis's diet of carrion, jackal emits an unpleasant odor.jackal emits an unpleasant odor.

The jackal lives in underground and are nocturnal. Feature is the howl of The jackal lives in underground and are nocturnal. Feature is the howl of the night. The jackals are monogamous animals. The females, after the the night. The jackals are monogamous animals. The females, after the first year of life, fertilized and lay 3 to 6 small, but very difficult to survive.first year of life, fertilized and lay 3 to 6 small, but very difficult to survive.

The jackal populations have declined dramatically in recent decades in our The jackal populations have declined dramatically in recent decades in our country. This is because until a few years jackal killed on pay. Today, the country. This is because until a few years jackal killed on pay. Today, the greatest threat to the jackal is still the man, who sprawl and uncontrolled greatest threat to the jackal is still the man, who sprawl and uncontrolled fires threatening their habitat.fires threatening their habitat.

FaunaFauna

FoxFox

The fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a carnivorous mammal of the family kynidon. The fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a carnivorous mammal of the family kynidon. The fox lives almost across Europe, N Africa, Asia and the Americas II. In The fox lives almost across Europe, N Africa, Asia and the Americas II. In Greece found everywhere except in Crete.Greece found everywhere except in Crete.

The Fox is located in scrublands and forests, and often live near towns, The Fox is located in scrublands and forests, and often live near towns, villages and beaches or even because of the ease of finding food.villages and beaches or even because of the ease of finding food.

The fox is slender and agile animal. The body length reaches 90 cm and The fox is slender and agile animal. The body length reaches 90 cm and Her fur is napped in brown shades. The tail is bushy and the end of white.Her fur is napped in brown shades. The tail is bushy and the end of white.

The fox eats primarily mice, squirrels, rabbits, reptiles, and fruits. Feature The fox eats primarily mice, squirrels, rabbits, reptiles, and fruits. Feature is that when you find the above food hiding in pits to use it later. The fox is that when you find the above food hiding in pits to use it later. The fox comes usually in the evening in search of food.comes usually in the evening in search of food.

The formerly outlawed fox species, thus disappeared from many parts of The formerly outlawed fox species, thus disappeared from many parts of Europe. However, Fox has a significant influence on the control of rodent Europe. However, Fox has a significant influence on the control of rodent populations and in any case not a harmful species.populations and in any case not a harmful species.