Greece Sity States

8/4/2019 Greece Sity States

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The City-States of Greece

Sparta and Athens

The Persian WarsThe Delian League

The Decline of Athens



The City-States of

Ancient Greece

• Sparta and Athens

• The Persian Wars• The Delian League

• The Decline of Athens



Now that’s tough!

• There is a story about a Spartan boy who, in order toconceal a fox which he had stolen, hid it beneath hiscloak and allowed the fox to gnaw him rather than let

the theft be revealed. He died of the wounds. If he hadbeen discovered, the disgrace would not have been inthe stealing, but in allowing it to be detected. The boy'saction illustrates the main purpose of the Spartaneducational system, which was to produce men capableof showing such bravery as soldiers. Military strengthwas felt to be necessary to Sparta for their verysurvival.



Polis = City-State

• Greece was divided into

city-states, each known as

a polis. The two main

city-states were Sparta and

Athens. The greatest of

these was Athens which

was a center of intellectual

and cultural development -“the nursery of western

civilization.” What do you

think that means?





Government & Education

• Athenian democracywas for free, maleAthenians only.Education for men washighly valued. Only

boys of wealthyfamilies attended

schools. The termacademy comes fromAthens.



Structure of the Polis

• Each polis was built around an acropolis, a fortified

hill with the temple of the local god at the top.



Structure of the Polis

• At the foot of the acropolis was the agora, an open area used

as a marketplace. By 700 B.C. this inner part of the polis

had become a city. With the villages and farmland around

it, it made up a city-state.





Battle of Marathon

• The Persians were defeated by the Athenians at the

Battle of Marathon. The Athenians were so joyfulin victory that they sent a professional runner,

Pheidippides, back to Athens.



A run extraordinaire. . .

• Pheidippides ran about

26 miles to Athens to

report the victory.When he arrived, he

cried out, “Nike!” and

died from exhaustion.

Nike is the goddess of victory.



The Marathon

• The 1896 Olympic marathon distance of 24.8 miles was based on the distancerun by Pheidippides. At the 1908Olympic Games in London, themarathon distance was changed to 26.2miles to cover the ground from WindsorCastle to White City Stadium, with the2.2 miles added on so the race couldfinish in front of royal family's viewingbox. This added two miles to thecourse, and is the origin of theMarathon tradition of shouting "Godsave the Queen!" (or other wordsrelating to the Queen) as mile post 24is passed. After 16 years of sometimesangry discussion, this 26.2 miledistance was established at the 1924Olympics in Paris as the officialmarathon distance.



Sparta

• Sparta was known for its

great army and was a rival

of Athens. Their army was

known for holding off the

Persian army of 250,000 at

Thermopylae for three

days with only 7000

soldiers. This gave the people of Athens time to

escape before the Persians

invaded there.



Thermopylae



Spartan Goal

• Sparta tried to become the strongest people

in Greece. They also disliked change. This

would later prove to be a weakness for them. Spartans preferred actions to words.

A “Spartan lifestyle” both then and today is

one that is simple and highly disciplinedwith few luxuries.



The Delian League

• The Delian League, based on the island of Delos, was

formed to unite the Greek city-states to defend against thePersians. Athens lead the league and gained more and more

power over the other city states. Sparta refused to join.



The Delian League

• The other city-states became resentful of Athens’ power over them. A group of city-

states led by Sparta waged thePeloponnesian War against Athens for 30years until Athens surrendered to Sparta.Later, under Spartan control, the Athenians

revolted and once more set up a democracy; but they never regained the power theyonce had.



Greek Decline

• The Greeks began to lose their sense of

community and fought with one another. In

338 B.C. Philip II of Macedonia north of Greece (Alexander the Great’s father)

conquered Greece.



Geography In History

• The ancient Greek city-states never united

because the land wasvery mountainous andhilly making traveldifficult. This is onecase where geography

influenced history.



The End.



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Greece Sity States