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8/12/2019 Greek and Roman Mythology Lesson
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OH MY GODS!!!!
Greek and Roman Mythology
A Review of
The Principal Gods and Goddesses
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What is a myth?
A traditional story rooted in primitivefolk beliefs of cultures
Uses the supernatural to interpretnatural events
Explains the culture’s view of the
universe and the nature of humanity
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In the beginning...
…was Chaos (shapeless nothingness)
Chaos had two children:
– Night (darkness)
– Erebus (death)
“All was black, empty, silent, endless.”
Mysteriously, Love was born ofdarkness and death.
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And then...
When Love was born, order and beautybegan to flourish.
Love created Light and Day.
Earth was created.
– She was the solid ground, but also a
personality.
The Earth bore Heaven to cover herand be a home for the gods.
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The First Parents
Mother Earth = Gaea (Gaia)
Father Heaven = Ouranos (Uranus)
They had three kinds of children:
– Three monsters with 100 hands and 50heads
– Three cyclopes
– The titans These were the first characters that had the appearance of life,
although it was unlike any life known to man.
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The Titans (The Elder Gods)
There were many of them.
Enormous size, incredible strength
Cronos (Saturn): Ruler of the titans
Rhea: Wife of Cronos
Ocean: River that encircled the world Iapetus: Father of Prometheus,
Epimetheus, and Atlas (also titans)
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The Principal Gods
Cronos and Rheawere parents of
– Zeus (Jupiter, Jove) – Poseidon (Neptune)
– Hades (Pluto)
– Hera (Juno)
– Hestia (Vesta)
– Demeter (Ceres)
Other Olympiansinclude – Athena (Minerva)
– Ares (Mars) – Hebe (Juventas)
– Hephaestus (Vulcan)
– Apollo (Apollo)
– Artemis (Diana)
– Hermes (Mercury) – Aphrodite (Venus)
– Dionysus (Bacchus)
– Persephone
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The Olympians
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Zeus
Roman Name:Jupiter (also Jove)
Supreme god of theOlympians.
Fathered many
characters inmythology
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Zeus
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Hera
Roman Name:Juno
Zeus’s sisterand wife
Jealous
protector ofmarriage
Punished thewomen Zeus fell
in love with
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Poseidon
Roman Name:Neptune
God of the Seasand Waters
“The
Earthshaker”
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Hestia
Roman Name: Vesta
Goddess ofHome
Powerful
Protector
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Demeter
RomanName: Ceres
Goddess ofthe Harvest
A Goddess of
the Earth
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Athena
Roman Name:Minerva
Goddess ofWisdom andWar
Sprang fromZeus’s head
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Hephaestus
Roman Name: Vulcan
(Mulciber) God of
Fire/Forge
Son of Zeusand Hera
Kind, unlike his
brother
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Apollo
RomanName: Apollo
God ofLight/Sun andMusic
Brother of Artemis
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Artemis
RomanName: Diana
Goddess ofthe Moon/Hunt
Sister to Apollo
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Hermes
Roman Name:Mercury
Messenger ofthe Gods
Appears in
more mythsthan any othercharacter
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Dionysus
Roman Name:Bacchus
God of Wine
Patron god ofthe Greek stage
A God of theEarth
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Persephone
Roman Name:Proserpina
Goddess of theUnderworld
Daughter of Zeusand Demeter
Abducted byHades
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Hebe
Roman Name:Juventas
Goddess of Youth
Cupbearer to theGods
Restored youthto the aged
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Eros
Roman Name:Cupid
Young God ofLove
Son of
Aphrodite andHephaestus
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Iris
Goddess of theRainbow
Messenger forZeus and Hera
Daughter of thetitan Thaumusand the nymphElectra
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The Muses
Nine daughters ofZeus and
Mnemosyne Inspired artists of all
kinds
Goddesses whopresided over thearts and sciences
“He is happy whomthe muses love.”
Clio, Urania, Thalia, Melpomene, Erato, Calliope, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Polyhymnia
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The Graces
Three Goddesses ofGrace and Beauty
“They give life itsbloom.”
Aglaia (Splendor)
Euphrosyne (Mirth)
Thalia (GoodCheer)
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The Erinnyes (The Furies)
Roman Name: Furiaeor Dirae (The Furies)
Three Goddesses of Vengeance
– Tisiphone
– Alecto – Megaera
They punish
evildoers.
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The Fates
Roman Name: Parcae, Moirae
Three sisters
– Clotho (“The Spinner”)
– Lachesis (“The disposer of lots”)
– Atropos (“The cutter”)
They weave, measure, and cut thethread of life for humans.
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The Satyrs
Gods of the woodsand mountains
“Shepherd gods”
Goat men (like Pan)
Companions of
Dionysus
They like to drink,dance, and chase
nymphs.
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The Gorgons
Three snake-haired monsters
Medusa is mostwell-known
Their look turns
men to stone.
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The Centaurs
Half man, halfhorse
Savagecreatures(except Chiron)
Followers ofDionysus
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Sources
Graphics in this presentation were taken fromthe following web sites: – http://www.bulfinch.org/fables/search.html
– http://www.pantheon.org/
– http://www.messagenet.com/myths/
– http://mythman.com/
– http://web.uvic.ca/grs/bowman/myth/index.html
– http://www.paleothea.com/
– http://www.entrenet.com/%7Egroedmed/greekm/myth.html
This presentation is for educational purposesonly; it has not been and should not be sold
d hi l t k