Greek Art

• Periods

• Pottery•• Sculpture

• Architecture

Malaspina Great Books

Periods

Archaic: 1700BC - 500 BC( During the new kingdom in Egypt)

Classical: 500 BC - 323 BC

Classical: Head of Blond Youth

Classical: 500 BC - 323 BC(when Greece was in its prime)

Hellenistic: 323 BC - 30BC(Exaggerated Perfection)

Stoa at AthensPainting

Pottery

Niobid Krater

•What we know about the Greek

culture during the ancient time comes

from their pottery .

•There are thousands of pieces of

pottery still remaining. pottery still remaining.

•They used the pottery for a variety of

reasons

•Most all of their pottery was black

with orange narrative art.

Achilles PainterPottery

Andokides PainterPottery

Apulian PainterPottery

Berlin PainterPottery

YouTube - Ancient Greek Vases

Sculpture

Early Classical 4: Blond Boy, c. 480 B.C.

Greek and Roman Sculpture• Greek and Roman Sculpture is very

Similar. Both were very realistic.

• The Romans Copied the Greek’s

sculptures, then they improved them.sculptures, then they improved them.

• Most sculptures are made of marble, and

are of important people (Leaders, gods,

and athletes).

• After the Romans copied the Greek

Sculptures they destroyed most of them.

Myron

Diskobolus (Discus Thrower)

ca. 450 B.C.E.

Roman marble copy after a bronze original

61 in. high

Phidias Athena 438 BCSculpture

Phidias? Man with Helmet Sculpture

Polyclitus Doryphoros (Spear carrier) 440 BCSculpture

Hellenistic: Venus of Melos (Milo) c. 100 BCSculpture

Laocoon and his sons c. 175-150 BC Vatican MuseumSculpture

Architecture- Greek

Model of Parthenon

During the Greek

time period the

cities were built on

top of mountains

and hillsides

Acropolis

Athens, Greece

Greece’s most Famous building is the

Parthenon.

It was made as a temple for the

Goddess Athena. Goddess Athena.

It had a 40 feet tall statue made of

Gold and Ivory of her, but it was stolen

There is a full scale replica at Nashville

Pheidas’ Athena Parthenos 5th c. BCIntroduction

Pheidas’ Athena Parthenos 2002 – Nashville ReplicaIntroduction

Parthenon replica - NashvilleIntroduction

ParthenonArchitecture

Doric: Temple of HeraArchitecture

Doric: Temple of Zeus at OlympiaArchitecture

Greek Architecture

• Buildings were mostly temples

• Buildings were made of marble and stone

• The buildings were actually painted in bright

colors during the Greek time periodcolors during the Greek time period

What are the Similarities of the

Greeks and Romans?

How have the ancient Greeks and How have the ancient Greeks and

Romans influenced our buildings?

Roman Advances in Architecture Romans were well known

thieves. Although most of their ideas were stolen from other societies Romans improved upon the stolen ideas and made them great.

� Arches Bigger & Bigger & Bigger & Bigger & BetterBetterBetterBetter� Concrete

Bigger & Bigger & Bigger & Bigger & BetterBetterBetterBetter� Concrete inventorsinventorsinventorsinventors� Dome Buildings wide open wide open wide open wide open buildingsbuildingsbuildingsbuildings

� Aqueducts Their own idea of Their own idea of Their own idea of Their own idea of running water system, clean running water system, clean running water system, clean running water system, clean cities.cities.cities.cities.

� Bath houses houseshouseshouseshouses with with with with heating and running water.heating and running water.heating and running water.heating and running water.

YouTube - Ancient Rome 3D

Roman Aqueduct

Ancient Rome had eleven

major aqueducts, built

between 312 B.C. and 226

A.D.the longest (Anio

Novus) was 59 miles long.

Aqueducts

• Aqueducts provided water for people in a town or village. •The Greek had underground canals and galleries, hewn out of the rock to lead the water to dry pastures.

Pont Du Gard

water to dry pastures. •The Romans were the first to construct aqueducts the way we know them:

--a line of arches joined together, with a channel on the top to carry water.

Aqueduct Technology

•Closed pipes were occasionally used to cross valley s by the "inverted syphon" method.

• The pressure forced the water down and up again on the other side, to a level slightly lower than before.

Aqueducts in America

Croton Aqueduct,New York City, NY, 1842

•Provide clean water to the growing city.

Cabin John Bridge, Washington Aqueduct, Washington, DC, 1852

The Arches

Arch of Constantine is

the Ancient Roman

Arch of Severus is the A classic

example of the triumphal

36

the Ancient Roman

Corinthian style arch

that has a bearing

Masonry construction

system.

example of the triumphal

arch type.

Arch of JanusArch of Titus is the

triumphal arch, gateway

Ancient Rome’s Architecture

Pantheon

37

The Pantheon, one of the most impressive

buildings in Rome, as rebuilt in A.D. 117-125 (by

Emperor Hadrian to replace an earlier temple

designed by Agrippa in 27 B.C.) The original

rectangular temple, consisting of sixteen single

granite columns, became the porch for the

newly devised dome structure.

Colosseum

YouTube - Modern Marvels: The

Colosseum

Amphitheaters

• Amphi- means "around" in Greek. Amphi-theatres are "theatres in the round”

• The amphitheatre was the place where people went to see fights. These fights see fights. These fights were between slaves, prisoners of war or criminals, and sometimes wild animals

• They were usually outdoor arenas where people watched sporting events and plays.

Amphitheaters in America

Michigan State University, Stadium

Arlington, Virginia

Theaters

• The theater was shaped with a half circle or orchestra space in front of the stage.

• The structure was built into a hillside and the wall behind the stage structure was relatively stage structure was relatively low.

• To solve the problem of lighting and sound - the theaters were outdoors.

• Dodoni was a vital center from about 2000 BC and flourished well into the Roman times. Dodoni Ancient Greek Theater,

Northwest Greece

Theaters - American

Boston Pops, Massachusetts

Greek Theater Formation

• Orchestra : The orchestra (literally, "dancing space") was normally circular.

• Theatron : The theatron (literally, "viewing-place") is where the spectators sat.spectators sat.

• Skene : The skene (literally, "tent") was the building directly behind the stage.

• Parodos : The parodoi (literally, "passageways") are the paths by which the chorus and some actors made their entrances and exits.

Ancient Roman Baths

44

Public baths were an important part of Roman life. Early baths

generally had dressing room suites and bathing chambers with

hot- , warm- , and cold-water baths alongside an exercise area.

Later, they incorporating libraries, lecture halls, and vast

vaulted public spaces elaborately decorated with statues,

mosaics, and paintings.

Bath Houses

• Aqueducts provided the water to the public baths.

• Heated and cooled baths.• Heated and cooled baths.

• Dirty water was replaced with clean water.

• Exercise and message rooms were available.

Bath House - Heating

The system the Romans had for maintaining their bat hs. In the cold and hot areas, the water temperature wa s actually regulated by the use of underground fire furnaces.

Baths Houses in America

Bath houses – Spas

provide:

• Skin Care• Mud Baths• Mud Baths• Salt Scrubs• Body Wraps• Herbal Baths • Mineral Baths• Aromatherapy• Exercise room• Facial Treatment• Message Therapy

Brief History

• Ancient Greece is considered by most historians to be the cultural foundation of Western Civilization .

• Greek culture was a powerful influence in the Roman Empire , which carried a version of it to many parts of Europe.

• Ancient Greek civilization has been immensely • Ancient Greek civilization has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, art and architecture of the mo dern world.

• The Roman Empire's influence on government, law, an d monumental architecture, as well as many other aspects of Western life remains visible today.

Architectural Influences (Select an area of interest and explore.)

Doric

Column

Ionic

Column

Corinthian

Column

Amphitheaters Arches Monuments

Aqueducts Bath HousesTheaters

Doric Columns

• The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital ), is plain. capital ), is plain.

• The columns are fluted.

• This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily .

Doric Architecture

In Doric columns:• On the architrave, there are

triglyphs and metopes .

• At the top of the columns, there's a capital made of a there's a capital made of a sort of small pillow in stone, and then a square block, under the architrave.

• The columns have no base, but just sit right on the floor.

Doric Architecture in America

Doric Columns used on the porch of a house .

Justice Hall, New York City, New York

Ionic Architecture

• The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant.

• The capital is decorated • The capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute).

• This style was found in eastern Greece and the

islands

Maps

Ionic: Temple of Apollo at DidymaArchitecture

Ionic

Architecture

Ionic Architecture

In Ionic columns:• At the top of the columns,

there's a double curve in stone, under the architrave.

• They are still fluted , but • They are still fluted , but they have more flutes than Doric columns.

• The columns have a small base to stand on, instead of sitting right on the floor.

Ionic Architecture in America

Garden Statuary, Stockbridge, MA

Residence Mason, Michigan

Residence Mason, Michigan

Corinthian Architecture

• The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples.Roman temples.

• The capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves

Corinthian Architecture

In Corinthian columns:

• On the architrave, as in Ionic temples, there is a continuous frieze where the triglyphs and metopes would be on a Doric temple.

• At the top of the columns, on the capital, there's a stone carving of acanthus leaves, under the architrave.

• The columns have a fancier base to stand on.

Corinthian Architecture in America

Duveen's Gallery,

New York City, NY

New York University,Hall of Fame Terrace,

New York

Corinthian Architecture in America

Corinthian column used onoutside portico (porch) of:

State Of Michigan Capital Building .

Blue Prints Drawing; 1865

State of Michigan Capital Building,

Lansing, MICompleted in

1879

Corinthian Architecture in America

State of Michigan Capital Building,Lansing, MI 1879

Corinthian Architecture in America

Capital Building, Washington, D.C.

Under the pediment, looking upward at the coffered(decorative, sunken panel)ceiling, outside the Capital Building, Washington, D.C.

Arches

• An arch is a curved structure capable of spanning a space while supporting significant weight.

• The arch was developed in Ancient Greece and later refined in Ancient Rome .refined in Ancient Rome .

• Arches were used by for underground structures such as drains and vaults.

• The ancient Romans were the first to use them widely above ground .

The Arch of Constantine ; background right, the Colosseum .

Arches in America

Public Library, interior 1897

New York

Union Station, interior1908

Washington, DC

Monument

• Roman monuments were constructed using the arch and had the details carved into them.

• The arch was usually very big and was a prominent feature of the skyline of the town in which it was located .Arch of Constantine

315 A.D.

Monuments in America

General Grant National Memorial, New York, 1897

Plymouth Rock, Canopy over rock, Plymouth, MA