Greek City-States

War

Greek calendar was in Olympiads, 4 year intervals beginning in 776 BCE, year of lst Olympic Games

Wars of Hellenic GreecePersian Wars Early 5th c. BCE 490-445 BCE

Battles of Marathon 490; Thermopylae, Salamis 480Historian: Herodotus

Delian League—Athens moves treasury from Delos to Athens in 454

Peloponnesian War 432 – 404 Historian: Thucydides

Between Peloponnesian League led by Sparta and Delian League led by Athens

431 Pericles’ funeral oration

404 Athens surrenders to Sparta, brief period of thirty tyrants before democracy restored.

399 Socrates sentenced by Athenian jury

WarWars of Hellenistic Era

Philip of Macedon conquers Athens 338

336-323 Alexander the Great spread conquest to Asian Minor

Romans conquered Hellenistic States, 2nd and 1st centuries BCE

Types of Governmentin self-governing city-states

Aristotle, Politics:

For good of state For Good of Ruler

Government by 1 Monarchy Despotism

Government by Few Aristocracy Oligarchy

Government by Many Polity Mobocracy

Types of Government…

Athens: Law makers Solon (increase power of poor) and Cleisthenes (30 regions of polis for voting, ostracism for expelling potential tyrant)

Golden Age of Pericles: Considered by Greeks to be a Democracy Popular Assembly, Ecclesia of about 5000 votes directly on hillside Council of 500; Board of 10 Generals elected annually (leading General Pericles)Citizen women “secluded” in women’s quarter, yet playwrights imagine strong women characters.

Tradesmen and tradeswomen.

Slaves

Types of Government…

Sparta: Legislator Lycurgus in account of XenophonConsidered by Greeks to be oligarchy

2 kings, council of elders, all men 7 to 50 in military barracks

Citizen women control property and are known for health

Helots—subjugated agricultural workers.

Greek Speculationon Justice

Pericles-“Funeral Oration” as recorded by Thucydides

Sophocles, Antigone- Arbitrary ruler’s law versus divine law

Aristotle-Politics and Nicomachean Ethics

Plato’s Crito on Socrates refusing to sneak out of Athens after trial