Green Building Congress 2018...2018/03/11 · Green Building Congress 2018 PRAMOD ADLAKHA Managing Director Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd Adlakha Affordable Homes LLP Aap Ka Awas LLP

Green Building Congress 2018

PRAMOD ADLAKHA

Managing Director

Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd

Adlakha Affordable Homes LLP

Aap Ka Awas LLP

Office : F-70, Bhagat Singh Mkt, Near Gole Mkt, Near Connaught Place, New Delhi - 110001 Phone No.: 011-23344471, 72 Email: [email protected]

Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com

1. Siting, Form & Design: Building orientation, massing, volume, building form, natural ventilation, day lighting & open spaces.

2. External development & landscape

Hardscape & softscape, noise mitigation, vegetation w.r.t. shadows, heat island effect, parking, ecology, biodiversity, water conservation, pedestrian access, lighting & Signages

3. Envelop Optimization Performance oriented components of building - walls, roof, fenestration, floor & surface finishes.

4. Materials Structural & finishing materials Locally available material Recycled, renewable & indigenous

5. Building services optimization

Climatic responsive design for reduction in heating, cooling & lighting loads Conservation practices Renewable energy utilization

6. Construction practices Preconstruction requisites Construction management Monitoring & control of environment concerns Effective use of water Waste management Sustainable Construction Methodology Disaster risk mitigation during construction

6 Principles Applicable for Affordable Sustainable Housing


But no consensus on what “Sustainable Development” means!

Sustainable Development is one that:

• Requires minimum resources

• Is equitable

• Promotes social justice

GENERAL AWARENESS ON UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN BUILDINGS ARE?


APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY

By Developed Nations • Energy conservation through High-Tech Innovations & Use of materials

India’s Approach • Use of ancient wisdom & practices • Consume as little as necessary • Low cost technology & innovations • Use of recycled materials • Courtyard Concept – day light & keep heat

out • Evaporative cooling • Rain water storage


Adopt “Bottom up Approach”. Unfortunately business interests have made the Affordable sustainable Housing beyond the capacity of common man

TO ACHIEVE AFFORDABLE – SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

Bottom up approach Top down approach

How little is consumed How much energy saved

Pursue design understanding ancient civilization harmony with nature

Understanding through sustainability developed abroad

Uses low technology innovations Uses high technology innovations

Low cost materials & practices Uses high cost materials & practices

Is based on “green brand” Recognition is based on intent Requires expert inputs & stimulations


What is Conventional ?

RCC foundation RCC column RCC slab & formwork

Clay Brick Walls Column Formwork

Cast-in-situ


FOR ROOFING: R.C. Ribbed Slab Precast Channel Roofing Precast RC Plank Roofing Precast RC Ferrocement Panel Roofing Precast RC Hollow Slab Roofing Cast-in-Situ Hollow Slab Roofing R.B. Filler Slab Roofing R.B.C. Roofing Precast R.B. Panel Roofing Precast R.B. Arched Panel Roofing CRF Sections and Ferrocement Panel Roofing Precast Ferrocement Segmental Shells Roofing Precast RC panel roofing Funicular shell roofing

FOR WALLING: Rowlock bond (Rat – trap bond), Stretcher bond, Hollow concrete blocks, Interlocking mortar less block walking, Perforated mechanized modular bricks, FAL-G modular bricks, Stone block masonry. AAC blocks (in multistoried) Cement Flyash mortar

Innovative Technologies Used For Affordable Housing

SHEAR WALL TECHNOLOGY

OTHER COMPONENTS:

Precast Ferrocement Cupboard & Kitchen Shelves

Precast Ferrocement Sunshades

Precast R.C. Lintels

R.B.C. Lintels

Precast Ferrocement steps

Precast concrete door & window frames

Ferrocement water tanks

RCC monolithic technology

Precast elements such as o Lintels, o Sunshades, o Kitchen slabs, o Water tanks, o Stair case steps, o Drains and chambers,

Under reamed piles (for load bearing walls) Interlocking pavers CRF beams


Emerging Construction Technologies

o Precast Large Concrete Panel System (PLCP) o RCC Shear wall System o Precast Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum System (GFRG) also called Rapid Panels o Light Gauge Steel Framed (LGSF) o MODUCAST, Precast Concrete Box System o EPS Core Precast Wall Panels o Waffle Crete System o Pre-stressed Hollow Core Panels o Expanded Steel mesh panel system o Tunnel Form Technology o Speed floor Technology o Reinforced EPS core panel system o LGSFS-ICP Technology o Prefabricated fibre reinforced sandwich panels o Rising EPS (beads) cement panels o Concrewall system o 3S System o Insulating concrete form blocks walling


EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2006 RAJIV GANDHI HOUSING, BAWANA, 3164 HOUSES

Roofing Precast RC planks & joists roofing

Precast ferrocement elements

Other Components Single stack system of plumbing

TECHNOLOGIES

Walling Perforated mechanized modular bricks

FAL-G modular bricks


EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2008 BAWANA, DELHI -1184 HOUSES

TECHNOLOGIES • Modular perforated Brick Walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Slab • Precast Ferrocement Elements


TECHNOLOGIES

• Modular perforated Brick Walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Slab • Precast Ferrocement Elements

EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2006 NARELA, DELHI - 1892 HOUSES



EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2009 NARELA (NEAR CETP), DELHI, 1652 HOUSES


TECHNOLOGIES

• Modular perforated Brick Walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Slab • Precast Ferrocement Elements

HOUSING FOR URBAN POOR – YEAR 2011 BHORGARH, DELHI, 1272 HOUSES



EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2010 BAPROLA, DELHI, 5568 HOUSES


EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2008 BAWANA, DELHI – 896 HOUSES

TECHNOLOGIES Monolithic technology


TECHNOLOGIES • Modular perforated bricks • Precast RC Planks & Joists Roof

EWS Housing Faridabad & Palwal (ERA Group) - 578 Houses


TECHNOLOGIES • Mechanized

bricks

• Flyash bricks

• Precast R.C. Planks and Joists Roof

EWS HOUSING – YEAR 2016 BAKARWALA, DELHI – 240 HOUSES


EWS HOUSING POOTHKHURD , DELHI - 10140 HOUSES

TECHNOLOGIES • RC Planks & Joists Roof In framed

structure • Flyash brick walls


EWS Housing

Kalkaji, Delhi - 3024 HOUSES TECHNOLOGIES • Waling - CLC Blocks


EWS HOUSING LUCKNOW, UP. – 2750 HOUSES

Monolithic Technology


EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2009 GHOGHA, DELHI – 3680 Houses

TECHNOLOGY Projects using Monolithic Technology


EWS HOUSING - ongoing TIKRI KALA, DELHI – 4560 Houses

TECHNOLOGIES • RC Planks & Joists Roof In framed structure • Flyash brick walls


EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2013 BAWANA, DELHI – 704 Houses




EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2010 OMICRON, G. NOIDA, 1848 HOUSES


AFFORDABLE HOUSING - ongoing DELHI POLICE HOUSING, DHEERPUR, DELHI - 5202



LIG AFFORDABLE HOUSING GREATER NOIDA - 800 HOUSES

TECHNOLOGIES Walls :- Rat Trap Bond

AFFORDABLE HOUSING - YEAR 2013 INNO GEOCITY, CHENNAI - 500 HOUSES

TECHNOLOGIES • Hydraform interlocking block walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Roof • Stone Block masonry in foundation • Precast Boundary wall


WORKER’S HOUSING ANJAR & VAPI, GUJRAT – 669 Houses

TECHNOLOGIES • Hydraform interlocking block walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Roof • Precast sunshade, Ferrocement staircase • Concrete Block masonry in foundation • Precast Boundary wall


MODI FIBRE CO, MODINAGAR MODI XEROX, RAMPUR

MODI CEMENT LTD, RAMPUR VAM ORGANIC CHEMICALS LTD. AT GAJRAULA DISTT. MORADABAD

TECHNOLOGY • Filler Slab

AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING


DAURALA ORGANICS LTD.

TECHNOLOGIES •Filler slab

VAM ORGANIC CHEMICALS LTD., GAJRAULA

TECHNOLOGY • Filler Slab Roofing

AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING


AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING - YEAR 1992 DAURALA ORGANICS LTD., U.P.

TECHNOLOGIES •Filler slab


AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING - YEAR 1992 MAWANA SUGAR WORKS

TECHNOLOGIES ROOFING: Precast RB Panel RC Panel RC Ribbed slab WALLING: Stretcher bond Rat trap bond


AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING – YEAR 1983 FOR VAM ORGANIC CHEMICALS LTD.

AT GAJRAULA, DISTT. MORADABAD, U.P. – 144 HOUSES

TECHNOLOGIES ROOFING: FILLER SLAB WALLING – LOAD BEARING WALLS (Exposed)


AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING - YEAR 1984 MODI XEROX, RAMPUR, U.P.

TECHNOLOGIES ROOFING: FILLER SLAB WALLING – LOAD BEARING WALLS (Exposed)


DEMONSTRATION HOUSE - YEAR 1976 K.K. NAGAR, CHENNAI

TECHNOLOGIES ROOFING Precast hollow

roofing WALLING Precast RCC hollow

wall


EWS HOUSING BHOPAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY - YEAR 1978

TECHNOLOGIES • Under Reamed Piles • Stone Block Masonry • Walls • Precast Cast-in-situ Hollow ‘Kular’ RCC Slab


AFFORDABLE CORPORATE HOUSING - YEAR 1993

TECHNOLOGIES • Filler slab roofing • Stretcher bond 190mm wall

DCM TOYOTA LTD, GREATER NOIDA, U.P.


WORKER’S HOUSING FOR PUNJAB KHAND UDYOG LTD. - YEAR 1982 (PUNJAB GOVT. UNDER TAKING), AT GURDASPUR & ZIRA – 120 HOUSES

ROOFING Precast RC Plank & Joists WALLING Stretcher bond Cement – Lime Plaster


ROOFING Filler slab roofing WALLING Rat trap bond

DEMONSTRATION HOUSES - YEAR 2010 AMETHI, U.P.


POETRY IN BRICKS - YEAR 2009 MANESWAR, GURGAON

VERNACULAR TECHNOLOGY

CASE STUDY

Performance Evaluation by the Residents


Google view of entire Residential complex with 14504 houses

4,364 Houses

10,140 Houses

Land Area = 142 Acres (Approx.)


Social Housing at Bawana, Delhi (4364 Houses)

Housing Development Highlights

• Medium Density = About 300 D.U. per hectare

• No. of storeyes = 3 & 4

• Cluster planning

• 4 Dwelling units on one floor

• Organised green spaces as Courtyards


Typical Floor Plan in G+2 (Type I) Typical Floor Plan in G+3 (Type III)
















FAÇADE IN PRAGATI MAIDAN “DELHI PAVILION” MADE TO REPRESENT “RAJIV GANDHI HOUSING PROJECT”

RECOGNITION BY Ministry of Housing, Govt. of India & Govt. of Delhi (recognition of low cost housing projects)


RECOGNITION BY Ministry of Housing, Govt. of India & Govt. of Delhi (recognition of low cost housing projects)

DEMONSTRATING COST EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (A CASE STUDY OF BAWANA INDUSTRIAL WORKERS HOUSING PROJECT)

Release of book on World Habitat Day


Performance Evaluation by the Residents

(FIELD SURVEY OF OCCUPIED HOUSES)

Developed as an economical, environmental friendly and energy efficient housing

One of the first Social Housing Development in India using alternative materials & technologies.

Has bagged 6 Awards for the use of Cost-effective materials & technologies.

The largest Industrial Workers Housing in Asia, in organised sector.

The first ISO - 9001, social housing project


FIELD SURVEY OF OCCUPIED HOUSES

• Method of Survey (i) Interview based with questionnaire survey

(ii) Observation of Surveyors

• Survey Team : Students / Researchers of Vastu Kala Academy, Delhi

• Training : By Mas-SHIP Team

• Batches : Batch of 10 students took 4 days to complete survey of 150 households

• Household selection : Random sampling

• Respondents Age : Adults of all ages

• Household Members : Average 4


No. Variables Response About the household

1 Duration of occupancy Survey was done for households that had been occupied for a minimum of 5-6

months.

2 Number of residents in the house Infants

(< 3 years)

Children

(< 18 years)

Adults (19-59

years)

Elderly (> 60 years) -

Perceived indoor environment in summer & winter

6 Indoor temperature unsatisfactory bearable satisfactory - -

7 Air quality stuffy bearable fresh - -

8 Air movement draughty still well ventilated - -

9 Overall experience unsatisfactory bearable satisfactory - -

11 Adaptive strategy during summer Natural

ventilation

Evaporative

cooling

Ceiling fan AC -

12 Adaptive strategy during winter yes no - - -

13 Artificial lighting required during

the day

yes no - - -

14 Dampness in the house yes no - - -

16 Causes of dampness Leaking of pipes Building

material not

water

resistant

Improper

construction

workmanship

Poor design -

Maintenance and repair

17 Regular maintenance of the common areas yes no

19 Experience with respect to the

building materials used

Satisfactory

experience

Aesthetics/m

aterial finish

Nail-ability Adding/hanging

electrical points

Inability to

access pipes

for repair

Table 1: Selected questions from the householder questionnaire survey


Foundation • Under-reamed pile foundation

Superstructure • Single brick load bearing wall using combination of modular Fal-G

brick work & mechanised modular perforated bricks with cement

flyash mortars

• Precast Ferro cement in stairs, kitchen shelves

• Precast R.C. lintel & sunshade

Roof / Floor slab • Precast RC Plank and Joists and in Roof / floor slab landings

Doors and

windows

• Mirandi Teak wood door window frames and flush door

• Grill in ventilators and windows

Table 2: Building materials used in the case study development


Table 3: Perceived Indoor Environmental Conditions

Perceived indoor temperature in summer Unsatisfactory Bearable Satisfactory Row total

Unsatisfactory 45 11 0 56

Bearable 4 64 5 73

Satisfactory 0 6 13 19

Column total 49 81 18 148

Perceived indoor air quality in summer

Stuffy 43 24 1 68

Bearable 6 54 13 73

Fresh 0 3 4 7


Perceived indoor air movement in summer

Draughty dw (door & window) 1 1 0 2

Still 24 31 4 59

Well-ventilated 24 49 14 87


Cross tabulation of householder responses on perception of indoor temperature, air quality and air movement with their corresponding response for overall experience


Table 4: Perceived Indoor Environmental Conditions

Perceived indoor temperature in winter Unsatisfactory Bearable Satisfactory Row total

Unsatisfactory 12 7 1 20

Bearable 4 85 5 94

Satisfactory 0 8 24 32


Perceived indoor air quality in winter

Stuffy 9 15 1 25

Bearable 6 84 22 112

Fresh 1 1 7 9


Perceived indoor air movement in Winter

Draughty dw (door & window) 6 24 0 30

Still 6 43 10 59

Well-ventilated 4 33 20 57


Cross tabulation of householders' responses for their perception of indoor temperature, air quality and air movement with their corresponding response for overall experience


DAYLIGHTING

Lower Floors Upper Floors

Survey

57 out of 149 of households reported that they need to use artificial lighting during the day.

Upper floors don’t require artificial lighting during the day.


Experience with the Building Materials & Technology

Survey

Visually analysis quality of construction and building materials.

86 Household reported presence of dampness in wet areas (kitchen and / or toilet walls.

Poor quality of plumbing workmanship.

External Facade :-

Exposed finish No painting done No deterioration noticed in

past 12 years.


Item Conventional Alternative technology used

Advantages Savings In Cost

Foundations Isolated and step footings

Under-reamed piles In load bearing Structure

Economical as well as speedy construction

10%

Walls 230 mm Brick wall in English bond (using conventional FPS, Clay Bricks)

200 mm thick brick wall in Flemish bond (using machine made modular perforated bricks)

Reduction in wall thickness due to high strength bricks

No plaster on external faces

Heat & Sound resistance

20%

Intermediate floors & roof

Cast-in-situ RCC slab

Precast RC Plank system Saving in cement, Steel & shuttering

Cost effective (no Plaster required)

Controlled conditions

Speedy construction

Better finishes & Aesthetics

21%

Stair case Cast-in-situ RCC joist slab

Precast ferrocement steps 25 mm thick (tread & riser unit)

30%

Sunshades Cum Lintels

Cast-in-situ RCC slab

Precast RC 25%

Kitchen Platforms

Cast-in-situ

RCC slab

Precast ferrocement 25 mm thick

30%

Water Tanks RCC, PVC Ferrocement 20%

INNOVATIVE IN TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON CHART – SAVINGS IN COST


MAINTENANCE & UPKEEP

SURVEY :

Households were enquired if they paid any charges for maintaining common areas.

Households reported :- Unaware of any Committee for maintenance.

Doors/Windows, grills, wires & switches stolen from unoccupied houses.

Kiosks for daily use items yet not allotted.

RESULTS:

Open courtyards meant to promote community interaction filled with garbage.

Stagnation of water in open drains.

Haphazard parking of rickshaws & other vehicles despite earmarked slots.

Haphazard opening of shops in residential clusters

Erosion of grass / plants / tress and green lung spaces.






MAINTENANCE AND UPKEEP




Survey questions pertaining to location of the development

Number of responses

Yes No -

Convenient proximity to employment (n=149)

113 36 -

Convenient proximity to school/ hospital (n=149)

128 21 -

Travel time (in minutes) >20 20 - 40 40-60 >60 -

To work (n=149) 94 25 15 15 -

To school (n=90) 67 18 3 2 -

Availability of conveyance

(respondents were allowed to choose multiple responses)

Access to public transport

Walking distance

Own vehicle

Availability of conveyance is an issue

School bus

To work (n=149) 39 71 47 7 -

To hospital (n=149) 93 24 23 38 -

To school (n=90) 11 26 12 0 41

LOCATION & ACCESSIBILITY TO THE BASIC PUBLIC FACILITIES

Table 5 : Householder responses related to location of the development


SURVEY RESULTS

Housing development located on outskirts of Delhi, approx. 30 K.M. from City centre (Connaught Place)

Out of 149 households surveyed, 119 houses were occupied on Rent.

Majority of them paid monthly rent less than half of their monthly income.

The Mall / Shopping centre, though modern, is within the complex.

Convenient proximity to employment (due to Bawana Industrial Estate).

Place of Work : 20 minutes walking distance from houses.

Substantial number of people own vehicles to commute to work & other places.

93 out of 149 households reported using public transport.

90 households out of 149 had school going children. Majority of them use school bus or had schools at walking distance.

LOCATION & ACCESSIBILITY TO THE BASIC PUBLIC FACILITIES


LESSONS LEARNT (Issues For Sustainable Ecofriendly Built Environment)

The comfort – Temperature needs to be defined for Social Housing

Nailability issue

Flexibility of making basic alterations to interiors.

Quality of plumbing and workmanship

Terrace / Approachable / Non-approachable (Pros & Cons) :

If approachable :- Misused & leads to unauthorised construction.

If unapproachable :- Dissuades maintenance team to clean terrace from dirt & leaves leading to stagnation of water & fungus growth.

Misuse of Balcony

Require an institutional system for regular maintenance

Availability of job opportunities within accessible distance (as evidenced from survey, most of the residents were forced to relocate back to retain their jobs in city)


CONCLUSION

Documents

Green Building Congress 2018...2018/03/11 · Green Building Congress 2018 PRAMOD ADLAKHA Managing Director Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd Adlakha Affordable Homes LLP Aap Ka Awas LLP