Green Processing

7/24/2019 Green Processing

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/green-processing 1/27

GREEN PROCESSING OF TEXTILES

(12J022)ECO TESTING OF VARIOUS TOXIC SUBSTANCES USED IN

TEXTILE PROCESSING

ASSIGNMENT - 1

Submitted by

R.S.Maheh (12T!1")

N.Me#a$a (12T!1!)

M.M%&%#ea' (12T!20)

P.Va*a+%,a& (12T!)



Eco Testing

Defnition :

Eco Testing is a kind o chemical testwhere we test the hazardous substancesused in the textile process that aect ourhuman body.



Testing o harmul substances

includes....

llegal substances !egally regulated substances "nown harmul #but not legally regulated$

chemicals %s well as parameters or health care



!aboratory test and productclasses

The testing or harmul substances always ocus on the

actual use o the textile. The more intensi&e the skincontact o a product' the stricter the human ecological

re(uirements to be met.

Product Class I Textile items or babies and toddlers upto ) yrs #clothing'

toys' bed linen' terry cloth items etc$

Product class II Textiles used close to the skin #underwear' bedlinen' T*+hirt

etc$



Product Class III Textiles used away rom the skin #,ackets' coats etc$

Product Class IV -urnishing materials #curtains' table cloths' upholstery

materials etc$



Test riteria includes...

Illegal substances such as carcinogenic colourants.

Legally regulated substances such as ormaldehyde'plasticizers' hea&y metals or // #/enta chloro /henol$

+ubstances which according to current knowledge are harmul to health' but which are not yet regulated orprohibited by law such as pesticides' allergenic dyes or tinorganic compound.

/arameters such as colour astness and a skin riendly p0&alue' which are precautionary measures to saeguardconsumer health.



nstruments used or Ecotesting

hromotography +pectoscopy

1ostly used hromotography types are 2as

Thin layer 0/!.



PESTICIDES :

The sample is extracted with a suitable solvent or mixer of solvents.

The residue is cleaned up over Gel permeation Chromatoraph! inorder to eliminate interferin matrix compounds of hiher molecularweiht.

It is then anal!"ed b! the Gas Chromatoraph!#GC$ with electroncapture detector or %ass spectrometer#%S$



+eparation by chromatographymethod





















S



Spectroscop!

Definition :

It is a stud! of interaction between atomic molecules and electromanetic radiations.

It is oriinated throuh the stud!in of visible liht dispersed accordin toits wave lenth

&anomaterial Characterisation b! Spectroscop!

'aman Spectroscop!() )isible Spectroscop!

&anomaterial Characterisation b! microscop!SE%* ED+* TE%* ,'TE%* -%* ST%

Characteri"ation of nanomaterials b! +/ra!0ide anle x/ra! diffraction* +PS



SC-&&I&G E1ECT'2& %IC'2SC2P3 #SE%$



SE% # Scannin Electron microscope$

It is imaes the sample surface b! scannin it with a hih ener!beam of electrons.

SE% creates the manified imaes b! usin electrons instead ofliht waves.

Principle :

when the beam of electrons stri4es the surface of the specimenand interacts with the atoms of the sample* sinals in the form ofsecondar! electron* bac4 scattered electrons and characteristic +/ra!s are enerated.

The SE% can produce ver! hih resolution imaes of a samplesurface* revealin details about 5/6 nm in si"e in its primar!detection mode* ie* secondar! electron imain.

The characteristic +/ra!s 7 elemental composition of the sample b!

a techni8ue 4nown as ener! dispersive +/ra!#ED+$

-pplication :



pp

)er! detailed 9D imaes at much hih manification#up tox9$compare with liht microscope #up to x5$.;ut theimaes are created without liht waves *the! are blac4 and white.

The surface structure of pol!mer nanocomposites* fracturesurfaces* nanofibres* nanoparticles and nanocoatin can be imaedthrouh SE% with reat clarit!



ED+ # Ener! dispersive +/ra!$



It<s a techni8ue to anal!"e near surface elements and estimate theirproposition at different position* thus ivin an overall mappin of thesample

TE% # Transmission Electron microscope$



- beam of electrons is transmitted throuh an ultra thin specimenand interacts as passes throuh the sample.

-n imae is formed from the electron transmitted throuh thespecimen * manified and focused b! an ob=ective lens andappears on an imain screen

;asic Principle :

In TE% the cr!stalline sample interacts with the electron beammostl! b! diffraction rather than b! absorption.

The intensit! of the diffraction depends on the orientation of the

planes of atoms in the cr!stal relative to the electron beam.

-pplication :

TE% is used widel! both in material sccience >metallur! and

bioloical sciences.

,'TE% :



,'TE% is an imain mode of the transmission electronmicroscope that allowin imain of the cr!stalloraphic structure of asample at an atomic scale.

-pplication :

It is an invaluable tool to stud! nanoscale properties of cr!stallinematerial. ,ihest resolution possible is .?-.

-t these small scales individual atoms and cr!stalline defects canbe imaed

Documents

Green Processing