CLSA U Executive Education

Daniel C. EstyHillhouse Professor of

Environmental Law & Policy Yale University

Spring 2007

Green to gold How smart companies use

environmental strategy to innovate, create value, and build competitive advantage

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Introduction

About the authorGreen to gold: Rethinking corporate environmental strategyCompanies everywhere face environmental challenges as they struggle to address climate change, water availability, air and water emissions, and other pollution control and natural resource management concerns. Leading-edge companies around the world see this �green wave�presenting not just challenges but also �eco-advantage� opportunities. By folding environmental thinking into their core business strategy, market leaders such as GE, Ikea, Toyota and 3M have found ways to cut costs, lower risks, drive revenues, and enhance customer loyalty and brand value. This course builds on four years of research by a Yale University team that studied �wave riders,� companies that have found ways to use an environmental lens to innovate, create value and build competitive advantage. It covers foundations of eco-advantage, natural forces behind the green wave, stakeholders driving the green wave, eco-advantage strategies, establishing an eco-advantage mindset, redesigning goods and services for a green world, why environmental initiatives fail, and turning green to gold.

Course instructorDan Esty is the Hillhouse Professor at Yale University with faculty appointments in Yale�s Environment and Law Schools. He is also the Director of the Center for Business and Environment at Yale. Author or editor of nine books and numerous articles on environmental policy issues, Esty�s research explores the relationships between environment and trade, competitiveness, globalisation, corporate strategy and development. His most recent book (with Andrew Winston), Green to gold: How smart companies use environmental strategy to innovate, create value, and build competitive advantage, has received widespread acclaim. Prior to taking up his current position at Yale, Esty held a series of senior positions on the US Environmental Protection Agency (1989-93) and practiced law in Washington, DC (1986-89). He has served as an environmental strategy advisor to Coca-Cola, Unilever, Honeywell, BP, Shell, Northeast Utilities and dozens of other companies in North America, Europe and Asia.

CLSA U executive education

Any comments? Please contact Angelique Marcil at angelique.marcil@clsa.com

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Book cover

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Brief history of corporate environmentalism

Increasing environmental

performance

Compliance

�Beyondcompliance�

The �typical� path

Integrated w/strategy

Eco-advantage

1980s1970s 1990s 2000+

Goal: Develop comprehensive environmental

perspective

Goal: Do what the law requires (and no more)

Goal: Focus on cost

effectiveness

Leading companies� timeline

Goal: Manage environmental

issues for competitive advantage

Most companies are in here

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Source: Esty & Winston, Green to Gold (2006)

Does being green hurt business?

Top-50 publicly held WaveRiders10-year stock performance vs S&P 500 and FTSE 100

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

WaveRider AverageSP 500FTSE 100

Index (Jan 1996 = 100)

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Source: Cleantech Venture Network (2006)

Growth of �cleantech� venture capital

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

1999 Q1 2000 Q1 2001 Q1 2002 Q1 2003 Q1 2004 Q1 2005 Q1

% cleantech to total VC invested, by amount

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Big picture trends

1. Environmental issues are looming larger � a �green wave� is sweeping the business world.

2. Regulation is evolving from �command and control� to �market mechanisms�(economic incentives).

3. Business now driving environmental progress (not government).

4. Environmental strategy has become a core element of business success.

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��Sustainability is firmly in the Sustainability is firmly in the contemporary business environment contemporary business environment

-- if you fail to see that, you do so at your perilif you fail to see that, you do so at your peril��

Travis Engen,former CEO of Alcan

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10

Issue spotting

Climate change Energy Water quality & quantity Biodiversity & land use Chemicals, toxics, metals

Air pollution Waste management Ozone-layer depletion Oceans & fisheries Deforestation

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Why is environment now a key element of business strategy?

Natural worlddrivers

Evolving set of green-oriented stakeholders

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Business as a leader in sustainability

Source: Globescan Survey of Sustainability Experts, 2006

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Changing basis of competitive advantage

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New market opportunities

❏ Climate change

❏ Alternative energy

❏ Carbon sequestration

❏ Energy efficiency

❏ Green buildings

❏ Data and monitoring

❏ Water

❏ Waste

❏ Chemicals/toxics

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Development of carbon markets

❏ London � EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS)

❏ Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX)

! Purely voluntary market

❏ Clean Development Mechanism/Joint Implementation (CDM/JI)

! Kyoto Protocol trading system

! Engages developing countries

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Carbon markets volume and values

940179937794TOTAL

527.9347.9Other

9629279JI

50400CDM 2nd

199539719960CDM

721936212717EU ETS total

� millionMetric tons

� millionMetric tons

20052004

Reported volumes & values 2004-05 (PointCarbon 2006)

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Carbon prices

$15.20-$21.60

$1.30-$2.82

$13.08-$34.24

Range, 2006 (US$)

$17.34

$1.95

$25.50

Weighted average, 2006 (US$)

CDM

CCX

EU ETS

(PointCarbon, World Bank, IETA 2006)

EU Emissions Trading Scheme Chicago Climate Exchange

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Carbon markets �Clean Development Mechanism

Buyers, Overall volume: 234.1 million tCO2e (Jan-Sep 2006)

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Carbon markets �Clean Development Mechanism

Sellers, Overall volume: 234.1 million tCO2e (Jan-Sep 2006)

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Alternative energy options

❏ Solar

❏ Wind

❏ Tidal/wave

❏ Geothermal

❏ Biofuels

! Corn-based ethanol

! Sugarcane-based ethanol

! Palm oil-based biodiesel

! Cellulosic ethanol (switchgrass)

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Alternative energy in Europe

❏ The UK government expects to produce 40% of electricity from renewable sources by 2020.

❏ The European biodiesel market expected to double in value to �8 billion by 2010.

❏ Biodiesel production up 35% by 2010 and �3 billion investment on production facilities.

❏ The use of bioethanol is expected to grow by 13% by 2010.

❏ Investors in low-carbon energy technology companies in Europe has shown an average annualised return of 86.7% per annum.

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Alternative energy

❏ Most important alternative energy technologies in the future:

! Near term: Onshore winds, biomass, corn and sugar-based biofuels;

! Medium term (3-10 years): Cellulosic ethanol, offshore winds, thermal solar;

! Long term (>10 years): Building-integrated solar PV, fuel-cell-based distributed electricity generation

! Very long term: Advanced solar PV, hydrogen as delivery system, biosynthesis and nanotech energy generation.

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Carbon sequestration

❏ Underground

❏ Deep ocean

❏ Chemical �fixing�

❏ Mineral (dissolving into limestone)

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Energy efficiency and conservation

❏ Estimated US$11bn annual savings for the US by 2010

❏ Information technology deployment

❏ Smart appliances

❏ Walmart & compact fluorescent light bulbs

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Green building

❏ Construction is a US$500bn/year market

❏ Market = over �1 trillion worldwide

❏ Now >1% �green building�

❏ Expected to rise to 10% in next decade

❏ Average cost premium for a LEED-certified building is 1.8%

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Other environmental market opportunities

❏ Water

! Quality

! Quantity

❏ Waste

! Packaging

! Disposal

❏ Nuclear power

❏ Chemicals/toxics! Organics

! Toxic waste treatment

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Data and Monitoring

❏ Sensors

❏ Remote sensing

❏ Real-time data transmission

❏ Technologies that support shift to market mechanisms

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Getting eco-strategy right matters

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Green developments in Asia

❏ China� China�s 11th economic plan

(big environmental promises)� Green procurement

� 20% reduction in energy consumption for every 1% GDP

� 10% energy from renewables by 2020

� Growth of domestic green businesses

� Market size = US$32billion � fastest growth

� Investment in cleantech

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Other Asia environmental markets

❏ Japan

! Market size: US$40bn

❏ Korea

! Market size: US$20bn

❏ SE Asia

! Thailand � market size = US$1.4bn

! Malaysia � market size = US$800m

! Philippines � market size = US$700m

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Takehome messages

1. Green Wave is real and not subsiding

2. Upside opportunities for big and small firms

3. Energy, carbon, and cleantech markets" Lots of uncertainty

" Some big payoffs

4. Shift in environmental protection" Toward market mechanisms

" Puts business in the driver�s seat

" Creates opportunities for solutions providers

5. Emerging Asia is getting serious about pollution control #### big market opportunities

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For more information

❏ Green Wave resources

❏ Eco-advantage toolkit

❏ Business & environment resources

❏ Green to Gold blog

❏ Esty Environmental Partners (www.estyep.com)

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CLSA U is an ongoing executive education programme designed to bring you firsthand information. Draw your own conclusions and make more informed investment decisions, all in a conducive learning environment reminiscent of university days.

Contact: Grace Hung at grace.hung@clsa.com

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