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Gregor Gregor MendelMendel
(1822-1884)(1822-1884)
Responsible Responsible for the Laws for the Laws governing governing
Inheritance Inheritance of Traitsof Traits
Genetics – the study of Genetics – the study of heredity. heredity.
Mendel’s Experimental Mendel’s Experimental MethodsMethods
•Mendel Mendel hand-pollinatedhand-pollinated flowers using a flowers using a paintbrushpaintbrush
–He could He could snip (cut) the snip (cut) the stamensstamens to prevent self- to prevent self-pollinationpollination
•He traced traits through the He traced traits through the several generationsseveral generations
Seed Shape
Flower Position
Seed CoatColor
Seed Color
Pod Color
Plant Height
PodShape
Round
Wrinkled
Round
Yellow
Green
Gray
White
Smooth
Constricted
Green
Yellow
Axial
Terminal
Tall
Short
Yellow Gray Smooth Green Axial Tall
Section 11-1
Figure 11-3 Mendel’s Seven F1 Crosses on Pea Plants
Go to Section:
Different Traits of the Pea Plant
Mendel stated that Mendel stated that physical traits are physical traits are inherited as inherited as “particles”“particles”Mendel did not know Mendel did not know that the “particles” were that the “particles” were actually actually Chromosomes Chromosomes & DNA& DNA
Particulate InheritanceParticulate Inheritance
The Principle of Dominance
• States that some alleles are dominant and other are recessive.
• Dominant-genes that are expressed
• Recessive-genes that are not expressed if a dominant gene is present
P Generation F1 Generation F2 Generation
Tall Short Tall TallTall Tall Tall Short
Section 11-1
Principles of Dominance
Go to Section:
The Trait for Tallness
Applying the Law of Applying the Law of SegregationSegregation
Probability – the likelihood that a particular event will occur
Section 11-2
Tt X Tt Cross
Go to Section:
Punnett Squares The gene combinations that might Result from a genetic cross.
Section 11-1
Interest Grabber continued
Go to Section:
Parents
Long stems short stems
Red flowers white flowers
Green pods yellow pods
Round seeds wrinkled seeds
Yellow seeds green seeds
First Generation
All long
All red
All green
All round
All yellow
Second Generation
787 long: 277 short
705 red: 224 white
428 green: 152 yellow
5474 round: 1850 wrinkled
6022 yellow: 2001 green
Mendel’s Outcomes