Module 3: Ground Response AnalysisObjective: This module helps the students to understand how to analyze the response of the ground to a given earthquake. Kinematics of earthquake wave propagation from source to site through different layers of ground is understood and the properties of ground which influence the seismic wave intensity are discussed. Various properties of ground that influence earthquake wave propagation and their determination through laboratory and field experiments are discussed exhaustively. Starting from the basics of wave mechanics, the propagation of seismic waves and associated equations are derived from simple principles. The amplification of earthquake waves while they pass through the ground in terms of the acceleration response is explained and equations are derived for the amplification factors for different scenarios of ground layers with and without considering damping effects. Influence of local geology and soil parameters on ground motion amplification is explained with many case studies and codal provisions for the site effects are discussed. At the end of this module, students would gain knowledge on principles of different laboratory and field tests to determine the dynamic soil properties and would be able to understand and analyze how earthquake waves get modified while they travel through the ground layers.Keywords: seismic wave propagation, wave equations, dynamic soil properties, laboratory tests, field tests, ground response analysis, amplification factor, waves in elastic medium, local soil effectsLectures: (9)19. Wave Propagation Theories20. Seismic Wave Propagation21. Dynamic Soil Properties Part I22. Dynamic Soil Properties Part II23. Dynamic Soil Properties Part III24. Dynamic Soil Properties Part IV25. Ground Response Analysis Part I26. Ground Response Analysis Part II27. Local Soil EffectsRecommended Reading: Kramer, S.L. (1996) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall. Robert W. Day (2002) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Handbook McGraw-Hill. Braja M. Das, Ramana G.V. (2010) Principles of soil dynamics, C L Engineering. Prakash, S. (1981) Soil Dynamics, McGraw-Hill. Kearey P., Brooks, M. Hill I. (2002) An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration, Wiley-Blackwell. Burger H.R, Sheehan A.F., Jones, C.H. (2006)Introduction to Applied Geophysics: Exploring the Shallow Subsurface, W. W. Norton & Company. Villaverde, R. (2009) Fundamental Concepts of Earthquake Engineering , CRC Press. Towhata, T. (2008) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Springer. Chapman, C.H. (2004) Fundamentals of Seismic Propagation, Cambridge University Press. IS 1893:2002 . Indian Standard. Criteria For Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures