GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP - Derbi

DERBI WORKSHOP – Perpignan June 06 2008

GROUND SOURCE HEAT

PUMP

Technology development and Example of applications

Perpignan

6th of June 2008

M. MARVILLET (CIAT R&I

Centre)

2DERBI WORKSHOP – Perpignan June 06 2008

PRESENTATION CONTENTSPRESENTATION CONTENTSPRESENTATION CONTENTSPRESENTATION CONTENTSPRESENTATION CONTENTSPRESENTATION CONTENTSPRESENTATION CONTENTSPRESENTATION CONTENTS

• A few words about CIAT CompanyA few words about CIAT CompanyA few words about CIAT CompanyA few words about CIAT Company

• Constraints for a G.S.H.P.Constraints for a G.S.H.P.Constraints for a G.S.H.P.Constraints for a G.S.H.P.

• GROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical BHXGROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical BHXGROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical BHXGROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical BHX

• GEOSOL Experience: Geothermal, solar sources and HP couplingGEOSOL Experience: Geothermal, solar sources and HP couplingGEOSOL Experience: Geothermal, solar sources and HP couplingGEOSOL Experience: Geothermal, solar sources and HP coupling

• ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion


CIAT Group CIAT Group CIAT Group CIAT Group CIAT Group CIAT Group CIAT Group CIAT Group presentationpresentationpresentationpresentationpresentationpresentationpresentationpresentationCIAT in figures (2007)CIAT in figures (2007)CIAT in figures (2007)CIAT in figures (2007)

---- Turnover : >300 millions eurosTurnover : >300 millions eurosTurnover : >300 millions eurosTurnover : >300 millions euros---- Staff : 2 500peopleStaff : 2 500peopleStaff : 2 500peopleStaff : 2 500people---- 9 industrial sites in the world9 industrial sites in the world9 industrial sites in the world9 industrial sites in the world(France (France (France (France ---- Spain Spain Spain Spain ---- China China China China –––– India India India India ---- Italy)Italy)Italy)Italy)

- NNNN°°°°1 in France / Subsidiaries and distributors in more than 60 coun1 in France / Subsidiaries and distributors in more than 60 coun1 in France / Subsidiaries and distributors in more than 60 coun1 in France / Subsidiaries and distributors in more than 60 countriestriestriestries

- 130 product ranges in air conditioning, refrigeration, ventilat130 product ranges in air conditioning, refrigeration, ventilat130 product ranges in air conditioning, refrigeration, ventilat130 product ranges in air conditioning, refrigeration, ventilation, ion, ion, ion,

air handling, and heat exchangeair handling, and heat exchangeair handling, and heat exchangeair handling, and heat exchange

France

CRISTOPIA specialized in Latent Heat Storage with PCMCRISTOPIA specialized in Latent Heat Storage with PCMCRISTOPIA specialized in Latent Heat Storage with PCMCRISTOPIA specialized in Latent Heat Storage with PCM ’’’’ssss

IndiaChinaSpain Italy


Since the 70’s, CIAT has a complete offer of reversible heat pumps for domestic, tertiary and industrial markets.

• Tertiary and Industrial marketsTertiary and Industrial marketsTertiary and Industrial marketsTertiary and Industrial markets

Range DYNACIAT ILG R410A15 models Capacity = 40 to 415 kW

Range HydroCIAT LW R407C / R134a16 models Capacity = 350 to 1420 kW

WATER / GROUND TO WATER HEAT PUMPWATER / GROUND TO WATER HEAT PUMPWATER / GROUND TO WATER HEAT PUMPWATER / GROUND TO WATER HEAT PUMPWATER / GROUND TO WATER HEAT PUMPWATER / GROUND TO WATER HEAT PUMPWATER / GROUND TO WATER HEAT PUMPWATER / GROUND TO WATER HEAT PUMP

• Domestic marketDomestic marketDomestic marketDomestic market

Heating capacity from 9 to 34 kW Cooling capacity from 8 to 30 kW


CONSTRAINTS for a G.S.H.P. rangeCONSTRAINTS for a G.S.H.P. rangeCONSTRAINTS for a G.S.H.P. rangeCONSTRAINTS for a G.S.H.P. rangeCONSTRAINTS for a G.S.H.P. rangeCONSTRAINTS for a G.S.H.P. rangeCONSTRAINTS for a G.S.H.P. rangeCONSTRAINTS for a G.S.H.P. rangeEU/National REGULATIONSEU/National REGULATIONSEU/National REGULATIONSEU/National REGULATIONS

• Environmental aspects

•Safety aspects

•Refrigerant (toxicity, flammability)

• Energy performance of buildings aspects

• BHX acceptance

COMPONENTS AVAILABILITYCOMPONENTS AVAILABILITYCOMPONENTS AVAILABILITYCOMPONENTS AVAILABILITY

• HP (HEX, compressors, HP (HEX, compressors, HP (HEX, compressors, HP (HEX, compressors, …………) ) ) )

• Borehole Heat exchangersBorehole Heat exchangersBorehole Heat exchangersBorehole Heat exchangers

DESIGNDESIGNDESIGNDESIGN

• Configuration flexibility Configuration flexibility Configuration flexibility Configuration flexibility

regarding the different regarding the different regarding the different regarding the different

types of boreholes types of boreholes types of boreholes types of boreholes

ECONOMICAL ECONOMICAL ECONOMICAL ECONOMICAL ASPECTSASPECTSASPECTSASPECTS

GHX invest, installation GHX invest, installation GHX invest, installation GHX invest, installation and maintenance costsand maintenance costsand maintenance costsand maintenance costs

•HP investHP investHP investHP invest…………, installation , installation , installation , installation and maintenance costsand maintenance costsand maintenance costsand maintenance costs

ENERGETIC ENERGETIC ENERGETIC ENERGETIC

PERFORMANCESPERFORMANCESPERFORMANCESPERFORMANCES

• COPCOPCOPCOP

Seasonal = Heating + D.H.W.Seasonal = Heating + D.H.W.Seasonal = Heating + D.H.W.Seasonal = Heating + D.H.W.

• E.E.R. in coolingE.E.R. in coolingE.E.R. in coolingE.E.R. in cooling

ReliabilityReliabilityReliabilityReliability

Products Elaboration

Easy installationand maintenance


Example of applications : GROUDHIT Example of applications : GROUDHIT Example of applications : GROUDHIT Example of applications : GROUDHIT Example of applications : GROUDHIT Example of applications : GROUDHIT Example of applications : GROUDHIT Example of applications : GROUDHIT ExperienceExperienceExperienceExperienceExperienceExperienceExperienceExperience

((((((((CiatCiatCiatCiatCiatCiatCiatCiat, , , , , , , , GeoteamGeoteamGeoteamGeoteamGeoteamGeoteamGeoteamGeoteam, CRES, EST ), CRES, EST ), CRES, EST ), CRES, EST ), CRES, EST ), CRES, EST ), CRES, EST ), CRES, EST )


First drawing of a coaxial BHE, from Kemler (1947)

GROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical GROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical GROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical GROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical GROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical GROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical GROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical GROUNDHIT Pilots: the vertical borehole solution borehole solution borehole solution borehole solution borehole solution borehole solution borehole solution borehole solution


Examples of drawings of coaxial BHE fromGerman Patent applications, upper row from left:Brocks & Richter (1980), Hinterding (1981), Hund

(1983); lower row from left: Waterkotte (2003), Rosinsk i(2006)



Euro (€)

Drilling Tube grouting material antifreeze** total

Double-U-tube 4 x 32 3750 677 238 432 5097Single-U-tube 2 x 40 4000 426 309 334 5070Simple coaxial 63/32 3750 439 241 362 4792Simple coaxial 63/40 3750 478 241 340 4809Simple coaxial 75/40 4100 617 263 504 5484Simple coaxial 75/50 4100 680 263 456 5499** 25 vol.-%

Cost estimate for a complete BHE of 100 m depth, comparison of various designs


About compressorsAbout compressorsAbout compressorsAbout compressorsAbout compressorsAbout compressorsAbout compressorsAbout compressors

• Mutual agreement between CIAT and one of the most important European compressor supplier to develop a special compressorable to reach an

evaporating temperature up to 20°C.

20202020

Standard application envelopeExtension of the application envelopeExtension of the application envelopeExtension of the application envelopeExtension of the application envelope

Condensing temperature (°C)

Evaporatingtemperature (°C)


About HEAT EXCHANGERSAbout HEAT EXCHANGERSAbout HEAT EXCHANGERSAbout HEAT EXCHANGERSAbout HEAT EXCHANGERSAbout HEAT EXCHANGERSAbout HEAT EXCHANGERSAbout HEAT EXCHANGERS

• EVAPORATOREVAPORATOREVAPORATOREVAPORATOR

• Development of a specific distribution device;

• Special brazed plate heat exchangers CIAT EXEL range.

Pinch lower than 2K!Pinch lower than 2K!Pinch lower than 2K!Pinch lower than 2K!

• CONDENSERCONDENSERCONDENSERCONDENSER

• Special brazed plate heat exchangers CIAT

EXEL range.

Pinch lower than 1K!Pinch lower than 1K!Pinch lower than 1K!Pinch lower than 1K!

HEX Lenght

Temperature

0 L

10 °C

6 °C

4 °C

6 °C

water

Refrigerant

PINCH

40 °C

HEX Lenght

Temperature

0 L

35 °C

42 °C

water38 °C

Refrigerant40.5 °C

PINCH


Example of Certified Results obtained with a new G.S.H.P. Example of Certified Results obtained with a new G.S.H.P. Example of Certified Results obtained with a new G.S.H.P. Example of Certified Results obtained with a new G.S.H.P. Example of Certified Results obtained with a new G.S.H.P. Example of Certified Results obtained with a new G.S.H.P. Example of Certified Results obtained with a new G.S.H.P. Example of Certified Results obtained with a new G.S.H.P. Prototype (heating capacity Prototype (heating capacity Prototype (heating capacity Prototype (heating capacity Prototype (heating capacity Prototype (heating capacity Prototype (heating capacity Prototype (heating capacity ~ 15 kW)~ 15 kW)

Fluid = R410A COP at standard

conditions 10/6//35/40°C

COP at EUROVENT conditions

10/*//30/35 °C

COP at TÖSS conditions

5/*//25/35 °C

2007 prototype 5.12 6.06 6.14

Mean value of HP available in the market 4.5 5.4

5.4 (R410A units-max

value)

Increase in % 14% 12% 14%

12% < Mean increase in COP < 15%12% < Mean increase in COP < 15%12% < Mean increase in COP < 15%12% < Mean increase in COP < 15%

*same water flow than in cooling mode


Example of Results Example of Results

obtained on Demo sites obtained on Demo sites


15 kW> 7

30 kW> 5

15 kW> 3,5

Heating CapCOP

R407CR410aR134a/Propane

Fluids

65-55°C45-35°C80°CHeatingdemand

Groundwater(27°C)

2 HP AUREA5 BHE <80 m (sand/sandstones)

2 BHE<125 m(ternarysediments, gravels layers)

BHX

Thessaloniki (Greece)

Setubal (Portugal)Gleisdorf(Austria)

Geographicallocations

Example of Results obtained on Demo sitesExample of Results obtained on Demo sites

(GROUNDHIT project) (GROUNDHIT project)


Example of applications : GEOSOL ExperienceExample of applications : GEOSOL ExperienceExample of applications : GEOSOL ExperienceExample of applications : GEOSOL ExperienceExample of applications : GEOSOL ExperienceExample of applications : GEOSOL ExperienceExample of applications : GEOSOL ExperienceExample of applications : GEOSOL Experience

(Eco Alternative, (Eco Alternative, (Eco Alternative, (Eco Alternative, (Eco Alternative, (Eco Alternative, (Eco Alternative, (Eco Alternative, ClipsolClipsolClipsolClipsolClipsolClipsolClipsolClipsol, , , , , , , , CiatCiatCiatCiatCiatCiatCiatCiat, , , , , , , , LocieLocieLocieLocieLocieLocieLocieLocie))))))))


View of the decrease of the ground

temperature of a BHE/HP system

Heating required 1820 hours per year, inside temperature in heating mode : 20°°°°C, individual

house of 180 m² with 154 m² of heating floor

Simulation with TRNSYS software of the average soil temperature near boreholes

The heat depletion is about 2.5 °°°°C, the speed of temperature reduction decreases with time

7

8

9

10

11

12

0 5 10 15 20T im e [year]

Ave

rage

sto

rage

tem

pera

ture

THE GROUND HEAT DEPLETIONTHE GROUND HEAT DEPLETIONTHE GROUND HEAT DEPLETIONTHE GROUND HEAT DEPLETIONTHE GROUND HEAT DEPLETIONTHE GROUND HEAT DEPLETIONTHE GROUND HEAT DEPLETIONTHE GROUND HEAT DEPLETION


Description of the process

- a reversible heat pump (CIAT AUREA Z60) ;

- two double U boreholes heat exchanger 90 m long ;

- a low temperature floor distribution system ;

GEOSOL Experience overviewGEOSOL Experience overview

The GEOSOL experience is tested under real conditions in a 180 m² single family house since

the autumn of 2004

- 12 m² of thermal solar collectors on the roof, this surface is oversized with respect

to domestic hot water requirements alone so that the excess energy production is

routed to the boreholes to favor thermal ground recovery ;

- a 500 liters combined solar/electrical hot water tank ;

- two 50 liters pressure relief tanks carrying out hydraulic circuit uncoupling


Principle diagram of GEOSOL Experience

Solar collectors

Borehole heat exchangers

Combined solar/electrical hot water tankProduction of

hot water

Thermal ground recovery

Higher solar fractionMMMM

Pressure relief tank

Pressure relief tank

Heating or cooling mode

Higher energetic performances

Single delivery system

Steady comfort during the year

Heating/ cooling floor

Reversible heat pump

Extraction of the low ground

temperature energy which is considerable


Theoretical approachTheoretical approach

Energy balance of the GEOSOL system

-5500

-4500

-3500

-2500

-1500

-500

500

1500

2500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ene

rgie

[kW

h]

Heat injected in the ground :

by solar collectors

by heat pump in cooling mode (COP = 4,3)

consumption of the heat pump

heat extracted of the ground by the boreholes

Heat injected in the heating floor by the heat pump in heating mode (COP = 3,7)

Computer simulation of the system with TRNSYS software

JAN

UA

RY


CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

• CIAT Group develops and commercialize advancedtechnologies for G.S.H.P for today and tomorrow

Our strong points are :

• two dedicated business units in France and Spain.• thirty years experience.• an integrated Division for heat exchangers.• a high level R&I centre with 30 engineers and a high level capacity of compressors, HP, systems experimental and theoretical evaluation .•a dense international commercial network.


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP - Derbi