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Grounding the city Approaches, Tools and Techniques Cusco Sun City An experimental territory on the site of the Alejandro Velasco Astete Airport Politecnico di Torino, April 8th 2014

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Page 1: Grounding the city lr

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Cusco Sun CityAn experimental territory on the site of the Alejandro Velasco Astete Airport

Politecnico di Torino, April 8th 2014

Page 2: Grounding the city lr

Giovanni Battista Nolli, Rome Topography 1748

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 3: Grounding the city lr

Pierre Patte, Monumental spaces of Paris built to the glory of Louis XV, 1765 Mill Creek, Plan for the Open Space of Philadelhia, 1959

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 4: Grounding the city lr

Le Corbusier La ville radieuse, 1935

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 5: Grounding the city lr

Ludwig Hilberseimer, The New City, 1944 Frank Lloyd Wright, Broadacre City, 1950-1955

Archizoom, No Stop City, 1970

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 6: Grounding the city lr

Open spaces in Milton Keynes (1970)

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 7: Grounding the city lr

André Gutton, Plan for an open space network in Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris,1960

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 8: Grounding the city lr

Barcellona, 1981-1992

Berlino, IBA1978-1987

Parigi, 1984-1997

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 9: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Parc de La Villette, Paris 1982-83

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 10: Grounding the city lr

Strips running east-west. 50 meters width (nature guided program: theme gardens,

playgrounds, discovery gardens...)

Access and circulation: the Boulevard and the Promenade.

Composition of the major elements: the Science Museum, the Grande Halle, the Circular

forest...

Point Grids or Confetti: kiosks, playgrounds, bars, picnic areas...

OMA, Parc de La Villette, Paris 1982-83

Page 11: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Parc de La Villette, Paris 1982-83

Page 12: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Parc de La Villette, Paris 1982-83

Page 13: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Ville Nouvelle Melun-Sènart, 1987

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 14: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Ville Nouvelle Melun-Sènart, 1987

Page 15: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Ville Nouvelle Melun-Sènart, 1987

Page 16: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Ville Nouvelle Melun-Sènart, 1987

Page 17: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Ville Nouvelle Melun-Sènart, 1987

Main axes

Bands

Islands

Page 18: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Ville Nouvelle Melun-Sènart, 1987

Page 19: Grounding the city lr

OMA, Ville Nouvelle Melun-Sènart, 1987

Page 20: Grounding the city lr

Gregotti Associati, Area Pirelli della Bicocca, Milano 1986-88

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 21: Grounding the city lr

Bernardo Secchi, Siena, Progetto di suolo, 1991

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 22: Grounding the city lr

Bernardo Secchi, Firenze-Prato, Progetto di suolo, 1995

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 23: Grounding the city lr

94 95

une ville poreuse est une ville où la biodiversité percole et où les parcs ne

séparent pas

couches et stratégies

1 les côteaux, la plaine, les plateauxLe territoire du Grand Paris est composé

de trois grands paysages qui ont des rôles différents dans le système écologique: les

forêts sur les sols pauvres des plateaux, les zones humides de la vallée, les côteaux

avec leur richesses en biodiversité. L’idée d’une ceinture verte ne nous aide pas à la mise en relation de ces trois paysages. La

forme du système écologique est inscrite dans la topographie et dans le travail des

eaux. Les côteaux jouent un rôle de mise en relation des deux autres paysages. Il s’agit d’accentuer les possibilités de percolation

au travers des côteaux pour connecter les forêts à l’eau, plutôt que d’imaginer de

grands couloirs.

2 les bandes boisées et d’agriculture biologique

Aujourd’hui la pollution des eaux est en grande partie déterminée par l’agriculture.

On imagine de concentrer autour des zones de captation d’eau potable 20%des terrains

dédiés à l’agriculture biologique comme le préconise le Grenelle de l’environnementd’ici

à 2020, avec la recommandation que ces surfaces puissent être situées de préférence

sur les 700.000 hectares des périmètres de captation d’eau potable et de renforcer

les bandes de végétation le long des cours eaux.

3 habiter le périmètreAujourd’hui les parcs sont rarement des lieux de connexion entre les différentes parties qui

les entourent, mais plutot de distanciation et de séparation. On a étudié les bords des

parcs existants et on a sélectionné ceux qui pourraient etre modifiés et transformés.

Là on imagine des rives habitées mais perméables qui puissent rendre plus aisée

l’appropriation du parc.

côteaux

eaux

connexions écologiques

espaces verts boisés

agriculture biologique

wetland

plateaux, côteaux et vallées: les relations écologiques© équipe Studio 09, Secchi-Viganò

4. espaces verts et agricoles: appropriation et biodiversité

94 95

une ville poreuse est une ville où la biodiversité percole et où les parcs ne

séparent pas

couches et stratégies

1 les côteaux, la plaine, les plateauxLe territoire du Grand Paris est composé

de trois grands paysages qui ont des rôles différents dans le système écologique: les

forêts sur les sols pauvres des plateaux, les zones humides de la vallée, les côteaux

avec leur richesses en biodiversité. L’idée d’une ceinture verte ne nous aide pas à la mise en relation de ces trois paysages. La

forme du système écologique est inscrite dans la topographie et dans le travail des

eaux. Les côteaux jouent un rôle de mise en relation des deux autres paysages. Il s’agit d’accentuer les possibilités de percolation

au travers des côteaux pour connecter les forêts à l’eau, plutôt que d’imaginer de

grands couloirs.

2 les bandes boisées et d’agriculture biologique

Aujourd’hui la pollution des eaux est en grande partie déterminée par l’agriculture.

On imagine de concentrer autour des zones de captation d’eau potable 20%des terrains

dédiés à l’agriculture biologique comme le préconise le Grenelle de l’environnementd’ici

à 2020, avec la recommandation que ces surfaces puissent être situées de préférence

sur les 700.000 hectares des périmètres de captation d’eau potable et de renforcer

les bandes de végétation le long des cours eaux.

3 habiter le périmètreAujourd’hui les parcs sont rarement des lieux de connexion entre les différentes parties qui

les entourent, mais plutot de distanciation et de séparation. On a étudié les bords des

parcs existants et on a sélectionné ceux qui pourraient etre modifiés et transformés.

Là on imagine des rives habitées mais perméables qui puissent rendre plus aisée

l’appropriation du parc.

côteaux

eaux

connexions écologiques

espaces verts boisés

agriculture biologique

wetland

plateaux, côteaux et vallées: les relations écologiques© équipe Studio 09, Secchi-Viganò

4. espaces verts et agricoles: appropriation et biodiversité

94 95

Studio 08, La Metropole Poreuse. Open spaces and waters

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Studio 08, La Metropole Poreuse

60 61106 10790 91

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Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Schouwburgplein, Rotterdam,1991-1996

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Schouwburgplein, Rotterdam,1991-1996

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Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Schouwburgplein, Rotterdam,1991-1996

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Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Schouwburgplein, Rotterdam,1991-1996

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Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Borneo/Sporenburg, Amsterdam,1993-1996

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 30: Grounding the city lr

Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Borneo/Sporenburg, Amsterdam,1993-1996

Page 31: Grounding the city lr

Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Borneo/Sporenburg, Amsterdam,1993-1996

Page 32: Grounding the city lr

Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Borneo/Sporenburg, Amsterdam,1993-1996

Page 33: Grounding the city lr

Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Borneo/Sporenburg, Amsterdam,1993-1996

Page 34: Grounding the city lr

Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Borneo/Sporenburg, Amsterdam,1993-1996

Page 35: Grounding the city lr

Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Borneo/Sporenburg, Amsterdam,1993-1996

Page 36: Grounding the city lr

Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Borneo/Sporenburg, Amsterdam,1993-1996

Page 37: Grounding the city lr

Adriaan Geuze, West 8, Borneo/Sporenburg, Amsterdam,1993-1996

Page 38: Grounding the city lr

MVRDV, Buga 2001 / Plant City, Postdam, Berlino, 1997

“Might be conceivable to construct a park with no style of its own, where all the elements of a garden, all the plants, even all the styles, are

loosely linked together?

Where the elements are arranged alphabetically, everything easy to find and to refer to, like one

unimaginably large collection?

A Pixel Town where the boundaries between park and building become indistinct and where the building dissolves into a landscape of

differences.”

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Saved elements

hills and accesses

97 streets920 fields

17 avenues

Alphabetical zones

MVRDV, Buga 2001 / Plant City, Postdam, Berlino, 1997

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MVRDV, Buga 2001 / Plant City, Postdam, Berlino, 1997

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MVRDV, Buga 2001 / Plant City, Postdam, Berlino, 1997

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Archizoom, No Stop City, 1970

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 43: Grounding the city lr

Andrea Branzi, Agronica, 1995

Rural model of weak urbanization based on converting and producing natural energies Model that can be used in a lot of reversing different ways

Unexpressing materials and buildings

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 44: Grounding the city lr

Andrea Branzi, Strijp Philips, Eindhoven, 1999

Page 45: Grounding the city lr

Andrea Branzi, Strijp Philips, Eindhoven, 1999

The design of the ground has not been traced on a car raod model but as a patern composed by pedestrian, cycling and tramway paths . A sort of wide “tartan” made by weak infrastructures traced on the field.

On this wide tartan we can design the composition of layers of services, housing and commercial buildings, gardens, transports, lighting.

A central axe is located on the north-south railway with theatres, lunaparks, research centers, mills and wind turbines (a sort of wind farm).

All the infrastructure related to the distribution of energies are aerial and not grounded

Page 46: Grounding the city lr

Andrea Branzi, Strijp Philips, Eindhoven, 1999

Page 47: Grounding the city lr

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 48: Grounding the city lr

Christopher Lamarca, Defenders of the Forest, 2005Richard Long, Walking a line in Peru, NY 1986

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Richard T.T. FormanMosaico territorial for the Barcelona Metropolitan Region

Page 49: Grounding the city lr

Dennis Oppenheim, Annual Rings, 1968

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land-Use Planning, Patches / Edges and Boundaries / Mosaics

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 52: Grounding the city lr

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

In the name of:

HorizontalityInfrastructure

Process vs FormTechniques

Ecology

“Landscape urbanism brings together two previously unrelated terms to suggest a new hybrid discipline” James Corner

Page 53: Grounding the city lr

Hilberseimer, Ludwig, The City in the Landscape

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Landslag Ltd. Landscape Architects FILA, Avalanche-protection structures, Islanda, 1998-1999

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Chriss Reed / Stoss Landscape Urbanism, Riverside Park, New Bedford, Massachusets, 2001-2002

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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1. fields2. parkings3. skateboarding4. playgrounds5. basket6. football7. garden8. wind turbine9. riverside

“This project is conceived as a mutable ground for hydrologic, ecological, and programmatic adaptation. It taps into on-site hydrologies and ecologies, both present and latent, to set in motion a re-appropriation of site, program, and context. Together, landform and vegetal strategies initiate estabilishment of a

dynamic performance ground for growth, succession, and modification.”

Chriss Reed / Stoss Landscape Urbanism, Riverside Park, New Bedford, Massachusets, 2001-2002

Page 59: Grounding the city lr

Chriss Reed / Stoss Landscape Urbanism, Riverside Park, New Bedford, Massachusets, 2001-2002

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Chriss Reed / Stoss Landscape Urbanism, Riverside Park, New Bedford, Massachusets, 2001-2002

Page 61: Grounding the city lr

Chriss Reed / Stoss Landscape Urbanism, Riverside Park, New Bedford, Massachusets, 2001-2002

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Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 63: Grounding the city lr

“Staten Island can assume a new identity as an expansive nature sprawl. A spread of lush vegetation, birds, mammals, and amphibians. A new nature-lifestyle island, both destination and envy of the surronding urbanites. As a catalyst for this new identity, the reclaimed Fresh Kills Reserve will form the heart of an expansive

green matrix of infinite horizons and newly connected ecosystems.”

Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

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“We propose a matrix of linear pathways and elements (threads), surfaces and fields (mats), and clustering groupings (islands) to maximize opportunities for access and movement - movement of seeds and biota as well as people and activities.”

Linear Threads: water, energy and matter around the site.Clusters of islands: protected habitat, seed source, program activity

Surface mats: renovated salt marsh, eastern prairie, recreation fields, freshwaters wetlands, event surfaces.

Page 65: Grounding the city lr

Seeding: pubblic access into safe areas of the reserve, restoration of native habitat, creating landscapes for the immediate neighborhoods.Infrastructure: new roadways, utilities, plantings, structures for a wide range programs.

Programming: golf, sports, education, arts, green-houses...

Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

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Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

Page 67: Grounding the city lr

Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

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Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

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Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

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Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

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“The site presents an opportunity to develop a new form of pubblic-ecological landscape, an alternative paradigm of human creativity, biologically informed, guided more by time and process than by space and form.”

“Ecological reflection, passive recreation, active sports and exercise, creativity, performance and cultural events, community development, economic enhancement and neighborhood revitalization all take their place alongside the micro-macroscopic processes of lifescape.”

Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

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Field Operations, Lifescape. Fresh kills Parklands, Staten Island (NY), 2001

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Ecosistema urbano, Ecological Boulevard for a socially innovative public space, Madrid, 2004-2007

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Page 74: Grounding the city lr

Ecosistema urbano, Ecological Boulevard for a socially innovative public space, Madrid, 2004-2007

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Ecosistema urbano, Ecological Boulevard for a socially innovative public space, Madrid, 2004-2007

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Ecosistema urbano, Ecological Boulevard for a socially innovative public space, Madrid, 2004-2007

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Ecosistema urbano, Ecological Boulevard for a socially innovative public space, Madrid, 2004-2007

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Ecosistema urbano, Ecological Boulevard for a socially innovative public space, Madrid, 2004-2007

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Ecosistema urbano, Ecological Boulevard for a socially innovative public space, Madrid, 2004-2007

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Ecosistema urbano, Ecological Boulevard for a socially innovative public space, Madrid, 2004-2007

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Plan:b Arquitectos / Mazzanti Arquitectos, Public projects, Medellin /Caracas/Bogotà, 2000 >>

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, The High Line, NY 2003-2009

Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

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Grounding the cityApproaches, Tools and Techniques

Cusco Sun CityAn experimental territory on the site of the Alejandro Velasco Astete Airport

Politecnico di Torino, April 8th 2014