Groundwater by Indrajeet MMS a 39

7/30/2019 Groundwater by Indrajeet MMS a 39

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ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

GROUND WATER

PRESENTED BY: INDRAJEET SAHANI

MMS A ROLL NO- 39


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GROUNDWATER

Groundwater is water located beneath the

earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the

fractures of rock formations

Includes soil moisture, frozen soil, immobile

water in very low permeability bedrock, and

deep geothermal or oil formation water


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IMPORTANCE OF GROUND WATER

Aesthetic Value: beautiful caves, caverns and

deposits

Economic Value: source of fresh water for

agriculture, industry and domestics use. Bequeath Value: need to conserve water for

future generations.

Ecological Services: supports ecosystems, filterschemical pollutants, filters microscopicorganisms


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CONTD.

Keeps Us Alive

Moderates Climate

Sculpts the Land Dilutes Solid Wastes

Removes Pollutants


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Following are major issues related to ground water

problems and water management:

Overdraft Salt water encroachment

Surface collapse

Water quality Ground water pollution

Water conservation


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GROUND WATER POLLUTION

There are, unfortunately, many sources of ground

water pollution.

In urban areas, ground water is contaminated by

leaking sewer systems, fuel storage tanks, runoff

of pesticides, fertilizers, and highway salts, and

wastes.


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In rural areas, ground water is polluted by runoff

of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers from farm

fields, and by leaking septic tanks and leaching of

fecal matter from animal feed lots.


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THE INDIAN SITUATION

Groundwater is the major source of water in our

country with nearby 85% of the population

dependent.

Groundwater water table decline - nearby 33

centimeters per year.


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Challenges


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Government

Inefficient Government State construction

Lack of integrated water management

Inadequate enforcement of environment legislation

relating to ground water

Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment


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Public

Wasting Water

Polluting Water


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Many Indians are affected by waterborne diseases

annually

Many habitations in the country are affected by poorwater quality.

Nearby 90% of the sewage generated by municipal

councils and over 50% of sewage discharged by

municipal corporations goes untreated get mixed

with the groundwater and contaminate it


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OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR PROBLEMS:

Drinking Water

Inadequate and intermittent supply of drinking water

Metallic and bacterial pollution of water

Loss of water in distribution and storage

Lack of financial resources for improvements.


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Affect agriculture production

Insufficient local technological research on water

Lack of integrated water management

Lack of control over-exploitation of groundwater

resources

Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment


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Safety of industrial establishments from surplus surface

water and floods

Lack of proper draining facilities

Uncontrolled exploitation of ground water by some

industrial establishments


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Suggestions to savegroundwater


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SUGGESTION TO SAVE GROUNDWATER

65-70% of water use by people is lost through

evaporation so this should be controlled

Decrease the burden of wastewater plants

Reduce the need for expensive dams and water transferproject that destroy wildlife habitats and displace

people

Slow depletion of groundwater aquifers


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Solutions to water problems require the consideration ofcultural, educational, communication and scientificaspects.

Plant TreesAvoid Pollution

Conserve water

Technologies and Innovations

Water Purification SystemsSeawater desalination

Water Footprint


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Rain Water Harvesting

Irrigation Water Management

Hydrological projects - Construction of Dams

Artificial Recharge to Ground Water through Dug

well


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Form a group of water-conscious people and encouragefriends and neighbors to be part of this group. Promotewater conservation in community newsletters and on

bulletin boards.

Make sure that home is leak-free. Many homes have

leaking pipes that go unnoticed.

Do not leave the tap running while brushing teeth orsoaping face


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Water awareness groups among social media

networking sites like Twitter, Facebook are

creating new trend among the social awareness

groups.


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ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF WATER CAN BE USED

Reusing Grey water:

This water can be collected using separate drainlines.

Filtered to remove large particles.

Stored and then distributed to applicationsystems.


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99% of the house holds sewage is water.

These 99% divided as 40% from toilets, 30% from bath,

15% from laundry, 10% kitchen, and 5% miscellaneous.

Obviously, 30% water from the bath + 15% water from

the laundry, are more than the 40% water needed fortoilet.


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WATER CONSERVATION

Various ways water can be conserved are

Recycling of waste water

Water-saving irrigation devicesArtificial recharge of aquifers


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Groundwater by Indrajeet MMS a 39