Groundwater Challenges and Environmental Management in China

Groundwater Challenges and

Environmental Management in China

Zhou Yun

May 2013

Outline

1. Background information of CRAES

2. Groundwater Challenges in China

3. Groundwater Environmental

Management in China

Background Information of CRAES

Established on December 31, 1978

Affiliated to the Ministry of Environmental

Protection

Largest government-owned, non-profit

environmental research institution in China

1000 staff

Provide scientific and technical support to

national environmental management and

decision-making

Research Framework

Research

Institutes

6

Research

Centers

Technical

Service Centers

Technical

Support Units

Ministerial Level

Key Laboratories

National Key

Laboratory

6 5

2

2

1

Institute of Atmospheric Environment Institute of Water Environment Institute of Ecological Environment Institute of Solid Waste Disposal and

Treatment Institute of Water Pollution Control Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Control

Environmental Impact Assessment Center

Environmental Engineering Design Center

Center for Environmental Safety Center for Cleaner Production and Circular Economy

Environmental Standard Institute

National Cleaner Production Center

Chemical Registration Center

Vehicle Emission Control Center

Environmental Information Institute

Eco-effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals Lab Lake Pollution Control Lab Eco-industrial Lab Estuary and Costal Environment Lab Regional Ecological Process and Function Evaluation Lab Drinking Water Source Protection Lab

National Key Laboratory of Environmental

Criteria and Risk Assessment

Master degrees in environmental

sciences, environmental engineering,

population, resources and environmental

economics, ecology, atmospheric

physics and atmospheric environment

Postdoctoral working station in 2002

PhD degree in environmental sciences

and engineering since 2006 with Beijing

Normal University and Tsinghua

University

Graduate Students

Atmospheric process and air quality modeling

Urban & Regional Atmospheric Environment

Atmospheric Chemistry and Atmospheric Physics

Mobile Source Emission Control Atmospheric Environment

Research Areas

Emission control strategy and air quality management

Groundwater and Water System Engineering

Urban water pollution control

Estuary and Coastal Environment

Lake Environment

Water

Environment

Research Areas

Riverine Ecological Conservation & Technology

Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring

Ecological monitoring and assessment

Valuation of Ecosystem Service and Function

Bio-safety

Ecological

Environment

Research Areas

Ecosystem Effects of Global Changes

Solid waste management and disposal

Hazardous waste management and identification

Resource recovery and recycling

Solid Waster

Research Areas

Remediation of contaminated sites

Soil environmental chemistry

Environmental epidemiology & toxicology

Environmental exposure and health risk assessment

Ecological and chemical safety risk assessment

Environmental Safety

Research Areas

Risk assessment & control of industrial

contaminated sites

Material metabolism and process simulation

Eco-industrial park planning and design

Development of cleaner production laws and regulations

Development of sector cleaner production standards

Cleaner Production and

Circular Economy

Research Areas

Training of national cleaner production auditors

Regional environment impact of climate change, mitigation

and adaptation strategies

Reduction of GHGs emissions, GHGs inventory, GHGs

emissions reduction policies

Feedback mechanism of pollutant emissions to climate change

Integrated assessment of climate change impact on

social, economic and ecological system

Climate Change

Research Areas

13

Main Research Projects

National Major Programme on Water Pollution Control and

Management ( 2006 - 2020)

Target Watersheds

Songhuajiang R.

Liaohe R.

Haihe R.

Huaihe R.

Dongjiang R.

Taihu L. 3 Gorges L.

Chaohu L.

Dianchi L.

Erhai L.

Evaluation of Low Carbon Economy in the World

Development of Low Carbon Economy Database and Model

Roadmap and Measures towards Low Carbon Economy

Low Carbon Economy Model and Its Application

数据检索浏览

数据库引擎

文件数据

表格数据

低碳经济基础数据库

模型计算

模型构建

条件参数设置

流程建立

接口

模型管理可视化与空间分析

空间分布特征

分析

可视化表达

统计分析

信息查询

低碳经济模型

相关性分析趋势性分析

数据接口

数据库

分析应用

低碳经济模型的指标体系与综合评价模型数据获取

Development Capacities of Low Carbon

Economy in China (2007) Model of Low Carbon Economy


Development of methodology for risk control of VOCs/SVOCs

in industrially contaminated sites

As Be Cd Cr Cu Pb Hg Ni Zn Sn Sb CN F10

-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

_

指导值荷兰新泽西马里兰佛罗里达

居住用地无机物质指导值

无机污染物

6+ _

多氯

联苯

六六

六α

六六

六β

六六

六δ

林丹

4,4'-DDT

4,4'-DDE

4,4'-DDD

狄氏

剂

艾氏

剂

异狄

氏剂

乐果

敌百

虫

总石

油烃

(GRO)

总石

油烃

(DRO)

--

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

指导值新泽西马里兰佛罗里达

居住用地（农药/PCB等）指导值

二氯

甲烷

苯甲苯

乙苯

氯仿

氯苯

四氯

化碳

1,1-二

氯乙

烷

1,2-二

氯乙

烷

1,1,1-三

氯乙

烷

1,1,2-三

氯乙

烷

1,1,2,2-四

氯乙

烷

三氯

乙烯

四氯

乙烯

苯乙

烯

二甲

苯

氯乙

烯

氯甲

烷

1,2-二

氯乙

烯(顺

)

1,2-二

氯乙

烯(反

)

1,1-二

氯乙

烯

1,2-二

氯丙

烷

1,1,2- 三

氯乙

烷

1,2,3-三

氯丙

烷

--

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

指导值荷兰新西兰马里兰佛罗里达

居住用地(VOCs)指导值

1,2-二氯苯

1,3-二

氯苯

1,4-二氯

苯1,2,4-三

氯苯

六氯

苯苯

胺硝

基苯

苯酚

2,4-二硝

基甲

苯邻苯

二甲

酸二丁酯

邻苯

二甲

酸二辛酯

邻苯

二甲

酸正辛酯

萘菲蒽荧蒽

芘屈芴苯并[b]荧

蒽苯

并[k]荧

蒽苯

并[a]芘

茚并

[1，2，

3-cd]芘苯

并(g,h,i)芘

苯并（

a）蒽

二苯

并（

a, h）蒽

2-氯酚

2,4-二氯

酚2,4-二

硝基

酚2-硝

基酚

4-硝基

酚五

氯酚

2,4,5-三氯

酚2,4,6-三

氯苯

酚2,4,6-

对甲

酚（

4-甲酚

）三溴甲

烷1,2-二

溴乙

烷二溴氯甲

烷一溴二氯甲

烷

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

指导值荷兰新泽西马里兰佛罗里达

住宅用地（SVOC）指导值

无机类污染物农药与 POPs

VOCs

SVOCs

Uncertainty of soil VOC/SVOC exposure and effect on remediation standards


Risk Control of VOCs/SVOCs in Contaminated Sites


Field survey of 9 lakes and reservoirs

Evaluation of the ecological safety of these lakes/reservoirs

Safeguard policy and comprehensive control measures

Alligator Weed Countermeasures Ensuring Lake Eco-safety and

Integrated Management Measures

Ecological Safety Survey and Evaluation of National Key

Lakes and Reservoirs

Development of Environmental Regulations and Standards


Groundwater Challenges in China

Groundwater Resources in China

Groundwater resources: 821.8

billion m3，31% of total water

resources

Uneven distribution ： 30% in

north region (64% of total land

area) ; 70% in south region (36%

of total land area);

Per capita: < ¼ of the world

average

Groundwater Supply in China

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Domestic water Industry Irrigation

65%

50%

33%

Groundwater supply in north China

61% of Chinese cities using

groundwater as drinking water

Groundwater Challenges

Over Extraction

70s：57 billion m3/year

80s：75 billion m3 /year

2009：109.8 billion m3/year, 18% of

total water supply

Groundwater Depletion

240 groundwater funnels in 2009

North China plain: 70,000 km2 deep

groundwater funnels

Cumulative drop in some cities: 30-

50 m, even 100 m

Groundwater Challenges

Groundwater Pollution

Groundwater quality of 641 wells in 8 provinces

(municipalities)

NH4

Total Hardness

Fe

Mn

NO3-N

NO2-N

Groundwater pollution trend按东

北、华北、西北、中南、西南、东南分查局资料编制）

Localized areas to regional

scale

Shallow to deep groundwater

Urban to rural areas

Causes of Groundwater Pollution

• Increased urban waste water

• Impact of industrial sectors

• Soil contamination

• Surface water pollution (Yellow River, Liaohe

River, Haihe River and Taihu Lake)

• Lack of groundwater protection legislations

and standards

• Lack of groundwater protection awareness

Groundwater Environmental

Management in China

Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Control Plan (2011-2020)

Objective

2015

• Understand groundwater pollution situation

• Groundwater pollution remediation demonstration

• Remediation of contaminated soil affecting groundwater safety

progressively

• Groundwater pollution sources preliminarily controlled

• Establishment of groundwater environmental monitoring and

management system

• Ground drinking water quality of centralized sources improved

• Groundwater quality deterioration trend preliminary controlled

2020

• Main groundwater pollution sources monitored

• Soil contamination affecting groundwater safety effectively

controlled

• Groundwater pollution remediation

• Groundwater quality in key drinking water sources secured

• Groundwater environmental supervision and management

capacity improved

• Groundwater quality in key regions greatly improved

• Groundwater pollution risk effectively controlled

• Groundwater pollution prevention and control system established

• Conduct groundwater pollution survey 1 • Ensure environmental safety of ground

drinking water sources 2 • Strictly control urban and rural pollution

affecting groundwater 3 • Strengthen groundwater pollution prevention

and control in key industrial sectors 4 • Control groundwater pollution from

agricultural non-point sources 5 • Strengthen prevention and control of

groundwater pollution from soil 6 • Conduct groundwater pollution remediation in

a planned way 7

8 • Establish and improve groundwater env. monitoring and supervision system

Main tasks

29

Groundwater pollution survey at regional scale and in key areas.

Regional Scale: Plain (basin) and low mountain and hilly regions covering all groundwater exploration and utilization areas and potential groundwater development areas (1:250,000). Key areas: Densely populated urban areas, potential pollution source distribution areas and large scale drinking water source areas (1:50,000).

Groundwater pollution prevention and control zoning system: groundwater pollution remediation zone, prevention and control zone and general protection zone.

1. Groundwater Pollution Survey

30

Enhance law enforcement and drinking water source protection

Develop pollution control scheme of non-compliance ground drinking water sources

Establish ground drinking water source risk prevention system

2. Ensure Ground Drinking Water Source Safety

Reduce domestic waste water pollution load that affects groundwater, control the impact of domestic waste water, sludge and solid waste on groundwater.

By the end of 2015, complete risk assessment of the impact of landfill or stockpiling sites of domestic solid waste on groundwater in medium and large-size cities

3. Strictly control urban and rural pollution

Strengthen groundwater

environmental monitoring and

management of key industrial sectors

Prevent groundwater pollution from petro-chemical industries

Prevent and control groundwater pollution

from underground engineering facilities

and activities

Control the impact of hazardous industrial

waste on groundwater

4. Groundwater pollution prevention and control in key industrial sectors

Control the impact of agricultural non-point sources on groundwater progressively

Strictly control agricultural non-point source pollution in ground drinking water source recharge areas

5. Control of groundwater pollution from agricultural non-point sources

Conduct risk assessment of the impact of soil pollution on groundwater environment

Clean up contaminated sites that affect groundwater environmental safety

Strictly control groundwater pollution from waste water irrigation

6. Strengthen the prevention and control of groundwater pollution from soil

Remediation of typical groundwater pollution sites

(industrial hazardous waste stockpiling, solid waste landfilling, mining, petro-chemical production, etc.）

Comprehensive prevention and control demonstration of sea water intrusion in coastal areas.

Cut off groundwater pollution means of abandoned drilling wells, mines and water taking wells

7. Conduct groundwater pollution remediation in a planned way

Establish and improve groundwater environmental monitoring and management system

Establish groundwater pollution risk prevention system

Strengthen groundwater monitoring and management

8. Establish groundwater env. monitoring and supervision system

Projects

No Project Type Investment（100 million）

Priority Key Total

1 Groundwater pollution survey projects 27.0 0.0 27.0

2 Capacity building projects of groundwater

environmental monitoring and supervision 43.0 0.0 43.0

3

Ground drinking water source pollution

prevention and control demonstration

projects

3.4 196.3 199.7

4

Groundwater pollution prevention and

control demonstration projects of typical

sites

10.2 49.7 59.9

5 Groundwater pollution remediation

demonstration projects 3.8 10.5 14.3

6

Agricultural non-point source pollution

prevention and control demonstration

projects

1.4 1.3 2.7

Total 88.8 257.8 346.6

Thank you for your attention!

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Groundwater Challenges and Environmental Management in China