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7/23/2019 Group 14 - Pit Latrine
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PIT LATRINES
Group 14
CE10B038 Morla Meenakshi
CE10B089 Kancharla PradeepCE10B091 Manish Kumar Shakya
CE10B092 Midhun Babu P
CE10B093 Myneni Venu Gopal
CE09B008 Bhupathi Swetha
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INTRODUCTION
On site waste water treatment system
Cheapest and the Most Basic
form of Improved Sanitation
Consists of
a. Dug pit
b. Cover slab/floor
c. Superstructure
Usual depth > 2m
Soil Cover depth> 0.5m
Design storage capacity: at least 1yr ofsludge production.
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Site selection and construction
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Contd..
Rocky ground layer is avoided.
If the soil is loose the pit needs to be lined with,
for example, loose bricks to prevent the wall from
collapsing.
Ground water level should not be shallow.
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MECHANISM Collects excreta in the pit dug below.
Natural Bacteria in the Faecal sludge degrade the volume of COD over time
into:
Natural Gases-
1. escapes via hole in the seat or
2. Diffuse into ground water
• Water -seeps through ground
• Degradation:
1. Top layer- aerobic processes
2. Bottom layer-anaerobic process-releases CO2, methane, sulphuric gases
decomposition of organic matter by soil bacteria
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Contd..
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Contd..
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Pretreatment and Posttreatment ?
Since the degradation of waste by bacteria is the
only process, there will not be any pre treatment
and post treatment.
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Types of pit latrine
Pit latrine with a slab
Ventilated improved pit latrine
Ecological sanitation
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PIT LATRINE WITH SLAB• A normal pit latrine with a slab
ADVANTAGES:
• Low construction cost using local material and local skills
• Avoid contamination of surface water and top soil if properly installed andmaintained.
• They do not require water so are appropriate in areas where there is noadequate water supply.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Foul odour
• Favourable place for the breeding of flies and mosquitoes.
• susceptible to failure/overflowing during floods
Seepage of water into the surrounding soil through the sides and bottomof the pit causing
1. die-off of bacteria and viruses during storage and as the water percolatesthrough the soil
2. pollution of groundwater may occur.
Some of the chemicals like nitrates cannot be removed by bacteria
Emptying requires mechanical suction of the sludge.
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VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT
• Improvement over the
simple dry pit latrine.
• vent pipe installed into the pit
• Painted black to absorb sun-light.
• Exhausts the foul odour from
the pit and control flies
•
Interior should be dark-to avoid flies
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Ecological sanitation
• Principle : To make use of excreta by transformingit into a soil improver and fertiliser for agriculture.
• To decrease contamination of the environment
caused by human excretion and to prevent faeco-orally transmitted diseases.
• Amount of artificial fertiliser used in cultivation offields is decreased.
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Types
• Arborloo – a single pit method
•
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Fossa Alterna – a double pit method
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Bio-Effector - a natural bioremediation product
that rapidly promotes microbial activity in
anaerobic and aerobic environments.
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Recurrent expenditure benchmarks for basic
sanitation services
Break down ofreccurent
expenditures
Traditional Pit VIP Pit
Operational andminor expenditure 0.5-1$ 1-4$
Capitalmaintenanceexpenditure
0.5-1.5$ 1-1.3$
Expenditure on
direct support
0.5-1.5$ 0.5-1.5$
total 1.5-4$ 2.5-8.5$
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Rating:Parameter Weight(W) Grade(G) W*G
Costrequirement
3 9 27
Time consumedFor reduction ofCOD
4 7 28
Energy requiredfor operation
3 10 30
Degradationlevel
4 7 28
Hygiene 4 6 24
Areaconsumption
3 8 24
Resourcesusage(eg:water)
2 9 18
AVERAGE 7.78
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Citations:http://labspace.open.ac.uk/
http://www.susana.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_toilet https://www.engineeringforchange.org/solution/library/.../S00
040
http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/freshwater/sb_summ
ary/5.asp
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THANK YOU!!