Group 9 Complete Presentation

7/24/2019 Group 9 Complete Presentation

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POLLUTION CONTROL

PRESENTED BY

GROUP 9

SUPERVISED BY

PROF. K.O. OBAHIAGBON & MR. O.U.OSAZUWA


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PRESENTATION OUTLINEINTRODUCTION

TYPES OF POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION

TYPES, EFFECTS, PREVENTION, CONTROL & MANAGEMENT

WATER POLLUTION TYPES, EFFECTS, PREVENTION, CONTROL & MANAGEMENT

SOIL POLLUTION TYPES, EFFECTS, PREVENTION, CONTROL & MANAGEMENT

NOISE POLLUTION TYPES, EFFECTS, PREVENTION, CONTROL & MANAGEMENT

THERMAL POLLUTIONTYPES, EFFECTS, PREVENTION, CONTROL & MANAGEMENT

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS


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INTRODUCTIONPollutionis the introductionof cot!"i!ts ito !

e#i$o"et, $es%ti' i ist!(iit) o$ *!"!'e to theecos)ste" i+e+ h)sic! s)ste"s o$ i#i' o$'!is"s+

Industrial pollution o$i'i!tes f$o" ! #!$iet) of oe$!tios$e'!$*e* !s i*%st$i!-co""e$ci! i !t%$e+ The) ic%*ef!cto$ies, cost$%ctio, "ii' !* !'$ic%t%$! oe$!tios+

Pollution control "e!s the cot$o of e"issios !*e.%ets ito !i$, /!te$ o$ soi+ Witho%t o%tio cot$o,

the /!ste $o*%cts f$o" cos%"tio, he!ti', !'$ic%t%$e,"ii', "!%f!ct%$i', t$!so$t!tio !* othe$ h%"!!cti#ities, /hethe$ the) !cc%"%!te o$ *ise$se, /i*e'$!*e the e#i$o"et !* !*#e$se) !0ect h%"!s+


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Inputs and Outputs in Environmental Systems

ACTIVITY

Industrial Operations,

Recovery

Energy

Product(s

!y Product(s

"on#productoutput

Reuse

$aste

Air

Emission

Radioactive

$aste

$aste%ater "oise

Ra% &aterial

Solid$aste


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AIR POLLUTION Ai$ o%tio is the it$o*%ctio of che"ic!s,!$tic%!te "!tte$,

o$ (ioo'ic! "!te$i!s ito the !t"oshe$e th!t c!%seh!$" o$

*isco"fo$t to h%"!s !* othe$ i#i'o$'!is"s, o$ c!%se*!"!'e to the !t%$! e#i$o"et+

A s%(st!ce i the !i$ th!t c! c!%se h!$" to h%"!s !* thee#i$o"et is 1o/ !s ! air p!!"#a$#.Po%t!ts c! (e ithe fo$" of soi* !$tices, i2%i* *$oets, o$ '!ses+

The !t"oshe$e is ! co"e3 *)!"ic !t%$! '!seo%s s)ste"th!t is esseti! to s%o$t ife o !et E!$th+ St$!toshe$ico4oe *eetio *%e to !i$ o%tio h!s o' (ee $eco'i4e* !s! th$e!t to h%"! he!th !s /e !s to the E!$th5s ecos)ste"s+

Ai$ o%t!ts !$e of t/o t)es6

S%se*e* !$tic%!te "!tte$ G!seo%s o%t!ts

%. S"p'$('( par#i)"!a#' *a##'r

Particulate, o$ si") !$tices, is ! te$" th!t $efe$s to 7e soi* "!tte$,/hich is *ise$se* !* s$e!* () the "o#e"et of !i$+ P!$tic%!tes !$ech!$!cte$i4e* () thei$ "ie$!o') 8!ttice st$%ct%$e9, thei$ che"ic! co"ositio,

cocet$!tio, !$tice si4e *ist$i(%tio, !* thei$ "o$hoo'ic! *!t!+


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T+' #a,!' ,'!- !i# #+' i*pr#a$# i$("#ria! '*ii$ "r)' a$(par#i)"!a#' #p'.

/. Ga'" E*ii$ This !$e e"issios $ee!se* f$o" #!$io%s fossi f%e (!se*:o/e$ !t s !*


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E0')# 1 Air P!!"#i$9 E0ect o St$!toshe$e

Pr'2'$#i$3 C$#r! a$( Ma$a4'*'$# 1 Air P!!"#i$ Stes !$e to (e t!1e to cot$o o%tio !t so%$ce 8$e#etio9 !s /e !s

!fte$ the $ee!se of o%t!ts i the !t"oshe$e+ The cot$o of e"issiosc! (e $e!i4e* i %"(e$ of /!)s6

%. S"r)' Crr')#i$6 this is the "ost e0ecti#e cot$o (ec!%se it

$e#ets the o%tio f$o" occ%$$i' i the 7$st !ce+ Co"ete so%$cesh%t*o/ /o%* !cco"ish this, (%t sh%t*o/ is o) $!ctic! %*e$e"e$'ec) co*itios, !* e#e the it c!%ses ecoo"ic oss+ Ai"o$t!t !$o!ch fo$ !i$ o%tio cot$o is to eco%$!'e i*%st$ies to"!1e f%e s%(stit%tios o$ $ocess ch!'es+ Fo$ e3!"e, "!1i' "o$e%se of so!$, h)*$oeect$ic, !* 'eothe$"! ee$') /o%* ei"i!te "%ch

of the o%tio c!%se* () fossi f%e co"(%stio !t o/e$ 'ee$!ti'!ts+ The %se of co$$ect oe$!tio !* "!ite!ce $!ctices isi"o$t!t fo$ "ii"i4i' !i$ o%tio !* sho%* ot (e o#e$oo1e* !s !e0ecti#e cot$o st$!te')+

/. C!!')#i$ 1 p!!"#a$#6 Ofte the "ost se$io%s $o(e" i !i$o%tio cot$o is the coectio of the o%t!ts so !s to $o#i*e

t$e!t"et+ Oe s%ccess i coecti' o%t!ts h!s (ee the $ec)ci' of(o/:() '!ses i the ite$! co"(%stio e'ie+


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5. C!i$46The e3h!%st '!ses to (e t$e!te* !$e so"eti"es too hot fo$ the cot$oe2%i"et !* the '!ses "%st 7$st (e cooe*+ This c! (e *oe i th$ee 'ee$!/!)s6 *i%tio, 2%echi', o$ he!t e3ch!'e cois+ Di%tio is !ccet!(e o) if thetot! !"o%t of hot e3h!%st is s"!+ ?%echi' h!s the !**itio! !*#!t!'e of

sc$%((i' o%t so"e of these '!ses !* !$tic%!tes+7. Tr'a#*'$#6The seectio of the co$$ect t$e!t"et *e#ice $e2%i$es the "!tchi' of

the ch!$!cte$istics of the o%t!t !* fe!t%$es of the cot$o *e#ice+ Atho%'h, !)e/ *e#ices "!) !e!$ !) *!) i the "!$1et, the foo/i' !$e the "ost /i*e)%se*@ Gra2i# '##!i$4 )+a*,'r6 6 i "'( # r'*2' !ar4' a$( a,rai2' par#i)!' 4r'a#'r #+a$

8:* 1r* a 4a #r'a*. I# "' #+' pri$)ip!' 1 4ra2i# # '##!' #+' par#i)"!a#' *a##'r

i$ a 4a #r'a*. C)!$'6 ar' -i('! "'( 1r r'*2i$4 !ar4' par#i)"!a#'. C)!$' ar' -i('! "'( a

pr';)!'a$'r # r'*2' #+' +'a2 *a#'ria! ,'1r' 1"r#+'r #r'a#*'$#.

Ba4


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Gra2i# '##!i$4 )+a*,'r

W'# )!!')#r Ba4


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I$)i$'ra#r))!$'

Ga S)r",,'r


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Ga )r",,'r6 ar' i*p! -'# )!!')#r a (')ri,'( a,2' ,"#ar' "'( 1r (i!2i$4 #+' 4a'.

A(rp#i$6 i #+' "' 1 #+' *a#'ria! ")+ a a)#i2a#'( )ar,$# )ap#"r' p!!"#a$# a(r,a#'. S")+ a(r,'$# *a ,''p'$i2' # r'4'$'ra#'. M# 1 #+'' -r= -'!! 1r r4a$i)a$( +a2' !i*i#'( "' 1r i$r4a$i) p!!"#a$#.

I$)i$'ra#r6 i a *'#+( 1r r'*2i$4 4a'" p!!"#a$# ,,"r$i$4 #+'* # CO/3 H/O a$( i$'r#. T+i -r= $! 1r

)*,"#i,!' 2ap"r.

Ca#a!#i) )*,"#i$6 i$2!2' #+' "' 1 a )a#a!# # a(r, r)+'*i)a!! )+a$4' #+' p!!"#a$#.

I s%""!$), (eo/ is ! Integrated approach for air pollutionControl P%tti' '$e!te$ e"h!sis o o%tio $e#etio $!the$ th! Cot$o+

Re*%ci' the %se of Fossi f%es+ I"$o#i' 2%!it) of #ehic%!$ f%e+

Ic$e!si' the %se of $ee/!(e ee$')+

Ic$e!si' the hei'ht of chi"e)s+

Shifti' of o%ti' i*%st$ies !/!) f$o" cities !* he!#i) o%!te*!$e!s+


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WATER POLLUTION

W!te$ o%tio is the $esece of so"e io$'!ic, o$'!ic,

(ioo'ic!, $!*ioo'ic! o$ h)sic! fo$ei' s%(st!ce i/!te$ th!t te*s to *e'$!*e its 2%!it)+

W!te$ o%tio is !so c!%se* () the $esece of%*esi$!(e !* h!4!$*o%s "!te$i!s !* !tho'es(e)o* ce$t!i i"its+ M%ch of the o%tio is *%e to!th$oo'eic !cti#ities i1e *isch!$'e of se/!'e,e.%ets !* /!stes f$o" i*%st$i! est!(ish"ets,!$tic%!te "!tte$ !* "et!s !* thei$ co"o%*s *%e to"ii' !* "et!%$') !* fe$tii4e$ !* estici*e $%o0s

f$o" !'$ic%t%$! !cti#ities+Atho%'h /!te$ i e#e$ %$e i the che"ic! sese,

(ec!%se it cot!is !t%$! i"%$ities f$o" the soi,!t"oshe$e !* c!tch"et !$e!s, /he /e se!1 of

/!te$ o%tio, i this cote3t /e !$e t!1i' !(o%t /!te$o%tio c!%se* () !th$oo'eic i%eces+


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SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION

INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE6 I*%st$i! se/!'e cosists of /!te$ f$o"

i*%st$i! !* che"ic! $ocesses+ These *isch!$'es %s%!)

cot!i seci7c o%t!ts, /hich !$e $e!te* to the !t%$e of

$o*%cts h!*e* i ! i*%st$) !* the $ocesses foo/e*+

STORM SEWAGE6 Sto$" se/!'e o$ sto$" /!te$ is the $%o0f$o" $eciit!tio th!t is coecte* i ! s)ste" of ies !* oe

ch!es+ S%ch ch!es c!$$) o$'!ic "!tte$, *isso#e* soi*s!* othe$ soi*s ic1e* % !s the /!te$ t$!#es !o' the '$o%*+

AGRICULTURAL SOURCES6A'$ic%t%$! /!stes 'ee$!) cosistof o$'!ic $o*%cts+ Fe$tii4e$s !* othe$ che"ic!s !$e s$e!*o#e$ !'$ic%t%$! !*s+ These "!te$i!s !* c$o, !i"! !*

che"ic! /!stes ete$ /!te$ (o*ies, "!i) i $%o0s f$o" the/!te$ she* !* c!%se o%tio+

MINING WASTES6 Mii', "ii', *$essi' !* $ocessi' ofo$es 'i#e $ise to *%st, o$e !* "et! *isc!$*s !* !$'e2%!tities of e.%ets, /hich !$e *isch!$'e* ito st$e!"s, o*s

!* !1es+ The) ot o) ic$e!se se*i"ets (%t !so $ee!seto3ic "et!s ito the /!te$ so%$ces+


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So"e of the f!cto$s th!t !0ect the 2%!it) of /!te$ !$e s%se*e*!* *isso#e* soi*s 8(oth o$'!ic !* io$'!ic9, (ioo'ic!s%(st!ces, H, (ioo'ic! o3)'e *e"!* 8BOD9, !* che"ic!o3)'e *e"!* 8COD9+ At $eset, "!) i*%st$i!) $o*%ce*to3ic s%(st!ces ose the '$e!test h!4!$* to the 2%!it) of /!te$+

CLASS OF POLLUTANTS EFFECTS

As(estos He!th

Aci*it)-!1!iit) W!te$ 2%!it), !2%!tic ife

A'! %t$iets 8P & N9 E%t$ohic!tio

BOD W!te$ 2%!it)- o3)'e e#es

Met!s To3icit)

O$'!ics- et$oche"ic!s W!te$ 2%!it)- (ioo'ic! e0ects

P!$tic%!te "!tte$ W!te$ 2%!it) !2%!tic (iot!

P!tho'es He!th h!4!$*

Pestici*es To3icit)@ !2%!tic (iot!

Se/!'e W!te$ 2%!it), o3)'e e#es, he!th

T$!ce ee"ets A2%!tic (iot!, he!th+


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EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

Ch!'e the H !* coo$ of /!te$

Ate$ the %t$iet cotet6 Whe the %t$iet cotetof the /!te$ ic$e!ses, /hich is 1o/ !se%t$ohic!tio, it c! $o"ote !'! (oo"+

Ch!'e /!te$ te"e$!t%$e 8the$"! o%tio9

Ic$e!se the !"o%ts of "ie$!s !* s!ts i the/!te$

Ic$e!se the "%$1iess !* t%$(i*it) of /!te$+

The $!*io!cti#e s%*'e *eosite* !t the (otto" of

/!te$ (o*ies c! $e"!i hi'h) $!*io!cti#e fo$ "!)*ec!*es, !* ose se$io%s he!th $is1s fo$ eoee!$()+


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CONTROL AND PREVENTIONSt$ict o%tio cot$o !/s !* e'is!tio, !* thei$ e0ecti#e

i"e"et!tio *o h!#e ! i"o$t!t $oe i cot$oi' !)

t)e of o%tio+The *e#eo"et of !0o$*!(e o%tio cot$o e2%i"et

!* iceti#es f$o" 'o#e$"et fo$ ist!i' s%ch e2%i"etc! eco%$!'e i*%st$ies to t!1e % o%tio cot$o se$io%s)+

I*%st$ies c! ist! ! $e:t$e!t"et s)ste" to se!$!te s%ch*!'e$o%s /!stes+ The !$ti!) t$e!te* /!ste/!te$ c! the(e set to ! "%ici! t$e!t"et fo$ f%$the$ %$i7c!tio+ S%chi*%st$ies sho%* $e*esi' thei$ "!%f!ct%$i' $ocesses to$e*%ce the !"o%t of o%t!ts !* oe$!te thei$ o/ o:site

t$e!t"et s)ste"s+I $i"!$) t$e!t"et o%t!ts !$e se!$!te* f$o" /!te$ /ith

the he of sc$eei', '$i*i', occ%!tio !* se*i"et!tio$ocesses+ I seco*!$) t$e!t"et (ioo'ic! "etho*s !$e%se* fo$ /!ste/!te$ t$e!t"et+ Fi!) i the te$ti!$)

t$e!t"et che"ic!s s%ch !s cho$ie c! (e f%$the$ %se* tot$e!t the /!te$ fo$ *isifectio+


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SOIL POLLUTION

Soi o%tio is oe of the '$!#est $o(e"s e3isti' o thee!$th to*!)+ We, 8o the e!$th9, the e!$th itsef is 'etti'cot!"i!te* !* o%te* The co2%est of %tii4i' !*

!* soi $eso%$ces !* co*%cti' e3e$i"ets o it fo$ o%$(ee7ts is 2%ite %*e$st!*!(e, (%t it ce$t!i) is ot !tthe cost of its he!th !* /eess M!1i* h!s (eet$)i' o%t se#e$! *i0e$et thi's !* h!s "!*e se#e$!

W+a# i Si! P!!"#i$

The soi o%tio is *e7e* !s the $esece of "!te$i!si the soi /hich !$e h!$"f% to the i#i' (ei's /hethe) c$oss thei$ th$esho* cocet$!tio e#es+

Soi o%tio "!i) is ! $es%t of eet$!tio of h!$"f%estici*es !* isectici*es, /hich o oe h!* se$#e/h!te#e$ thei$ "!i %$ose is, (%t o the othe$ h!*($i' !(o%t *ete$io$!tio i the soi 2%!it), th%s "!1i'it cot!"i!te* !* %7t fo$ %se


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A!4a' ,!*


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W+a# Ca"' Si! P!!"#i$

I$("#ria! a)#i2i#i'6I*%st$i! /!stes s%ch !sh!$"f% '!ses !* che"ic!s, !'$ic%t%$! estici*es,

fe$tii4e$s !* isectici*es !$e the "ost co""o c!%sesof soi o%tio+

A4ri)"!#"ra! A)#i2i#i'6techoo') $o#i*e* %s /ith"o*e$ estici*es !* fe$tii4e$s+ The) !$e f% of

che"ic!s th!t !$e ot $o*%ce* i !t%$e !* c!ot(e ($o1e *o/ () it+ As ! $es%t, the) see ito the'$o%* !fte$ the) "i3 /ith /!te$ !* so/) $e*%ce thefe$tiit) of the soi+

Wa#' Dipa!6E#e$) h%"! $o*%ces ! ce$t!i

!"o%t of e$so! /!ste $o*%cts () /!) o$ %$ie !*f!eces+ Whie "%ch of it "o#es ito the se/e$ the

s)ste", the$e is !so ! !$'e !"o%t th!t is *%"e**i$ect) ito !*7s i the fo$" of *i!e$s+ E#e these/e$ s)ste" e*s !t the !*7, /he$e the (ioo'ic!

/!ste o%tes the soi !* /!te$+


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W+a# Ca"' Si! P!!"#i$ )$#(.

A))i('$#a! Oi! Spi!!6Oi e!1s c! h!e *%$i' sto$!'e !*t$!so$t of che"ic!s+ This c! (e see !t "ost of the f%est!tios+ The che"ic!s $eset i the f%e *ete$io$!te the 2%!it)

of soi !* "!1e the" %s%it!(e fo$ c%ti#!tio+ Theseche"ic!s c! ete$ ito the '$o%*/!te$ th$o%'h soi !* "!1ethe /!te$ %*$i1!(e+

O#+'r i$)!"('6

I'o$!ce to/!$*s soi "!!'e"et !* $e!te* s)ste"s+

Uf!#o%$!(e !* h!$"f% i$$i'!tio $!ctices+I"$oe$ setic s)ste" !* "!!'e"et !* "!ite!ce of the

s!"e+

Le!1!'es f$o" s!it!$) se/!'e+

Aci* $!is, /he f%"es $ee!se* f$o" i*%st$ies 'et "i3e* /ith

$!is+F%e e!1!'es f$o" !%to"o(ies, th!t 'ets /!she* !/!) *%e to

$!i !* see ito the e!$() soi+

Uhe!th) /!ste "!!'e"et techi2%es, /hich !$e ch!$!cte$i4e*() $ee!se of se/!'e ito the !$'e *%"i' '$o%*s !* e!$()st$e!"s o$ $i#e$s


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E0')# 1 Si! P!!"#i$

The e0ects of o%tio o soi !$e 2%ite !!$"i' !* c!c!%se h%'e *ist%$(!ces i the ecoo'ic! (!!ce !*he!th of i#i' c$e!t%$es o e!$th+ So"e of the "ostse$io%s soi o%tio e0ects !$e6

Dec$e!se i soi fe$tiit) !* the$efo$e *ec$e!se i the soi)ie*+ Ho/ c! oe e3ect cot!"i!te* soi to $o*%cehe!th) c$os

Loss of soi !* !t%$! %t$iets $eset i it+ P!ts !so/o%* ot th$i#e i s%ch soi, /hich /o%* f%$the$ $es%t i

soi e$osio+Dist%$(!ce i the (!!ce of o$! !* f!%! $esi*i' i

the soi+

Ic$e!se i s!iit) of the soi, /hich the$efo$e "!1es it%7t fo$ #e'et!tio, th%s "!1i' it %seess !* (!$$e+


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E0')# 1 Si! P!!"#i$ )$#(.

Gee$!) c$os c!ot '$o/ !* o%$ish i o%te*

soi+ Yet, if so"e c$os "!!'e to '$o/, the) /o%*(e oisoo%s eo%'h to c!%se se$io%s he!th$o(e"s i eoe cos%"i' the"+

C$e!tio of to3ic *%st is !othe$ oteti! e0ect ofsoi o%tio+

Fo% s"e *%e to i*%st$i! che"ic!s !* '!ses"i'ht $es%t i he!*!ches, f!ti'%e, !%se!, etc+, i"!) eoe+

Soi o%t!ts /o%* ($i' i !te$!tio i the soi

st$%ct%$e, /hich /o%* e!* to *e!th of "!)esseti! o$'!is"s i it+ This /o%* !so !0ect the!$'e$ $e*!to$s !* co"e the" to "o#e to othe$

!ces, oce the) ose thei$ foo* s%)+


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C$#r! 1 i! p!!"#i$

Bi!4i)a! Tr'a#*'$#

Bio$e"e*i!tio

Bio$e"e*i!tio fo$ o$'!ic o%t!ts

L!* f!$"i' !s e3te*e* !ic!tio of

Bio$e"e*i!tioBio$e"e*i!tio of Oi) S%*'e i ! S%*'e PIT

!t Re7e$)

Bio$e"e*i!tio of oi si site () Oi 4!e$ oi

7e*Bio$e"e*i!tio of Ac$)oit$ie cot!"i!te*

Soi /ith f!$")!$* "!%$e+


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C$#r! 1 i! p!!"#i$ )$#(.

O#+'r #')+$i@"' -+i)+ )"!( ,' p+i)a! ar'6

Use of estici*es sho%* (e "ii"i4e*+

Use of fe$tiise$s sho%* (e %*icio%s+

C$oi' techi2%es sho%* (e i"$o#e* to $e#et'$o/th of /ee*s+Seci! its sho%* (e seecte* fo$ *%"i' /!stes

Cot$oe* '$!4i' !* fo$est "!!'e"et+Wi* ($e!1s !* /i* shie* i !$e!s e3ose* to /i*

e$osio+

P!i' of soi (i*i' '$!sses !o' (!1s !* soes$oe to $!i* e$osio+ A0o$est!tio !* $efo$est!tio+

Re"e*i!tio !* Moito$i' of H!4!$*o%s W!ste*%"sites+

Co""%it) "o(ii4!tio !/!$eess !* e*%c!tio

Noti7c!tio !* efo$ce"et of st!*!$*s th$o%'h

coset !%tho$is!tio "ech!is"


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NOISE POLLUTIONB ('


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E0')# 1 Ni' P!!"#i$ H'ari$4 Pr,!'*

A$$a$)'

H'a!#+ I"'

S!''pi$4 Dir('r

Car(i2a)"!ar I"'

Tr",!' C**"$i)a#i$4

E0')# $ Wi!(!i1'

C$#r! 1 Ni' P!!"#i$

Ni' C$#r! a# S"r)' R'(")i$4 #+' $i' !'2'! 1r* (*'#i) ')#r

Mai$#'$a$)' 1 a"#*,i!'

C$#r! 2'r 2i,ra#i$

L- 2i)' p'a=i$4

Pr+i,i#i$ $ "a4' 1 !"( p'a='r

S'!')#i$ 1 *a)+i$'r

Mai$#'$a$)' 1 *a)+i$'

C$#r! i$ #+' #ra$*ii$ pa#+ I$#a!!a#i$ 1 ,arri'r

D'i4$ 1 ,"i!(i$4

I$#a!!a#i$ 1 pa$'! r '$)!"r'

Gr''$ ,'!# ('2'!p*'$#


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Ui$4 pr#')#i$ '@"ip*'$# , r#a#i$

Ep"r' r'(")#i$

H'ari$4 pr#')#i$

Earmus used for hearing protection during operation.


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THERMAL POLLUTION T+'r*a! p!!"#i$ i -a#' +'a# r'!'a'( # #+'

'$2ir$*'$# a #+' "$a2i(a,!' ,;pr(")# 1 #+'4'$'ra#i$ 1 '!')#ri)i# i$ #'a* p-'r p!a$#.

IT +a ,')*' a!ar*i$4 #+' ra#' a# -+i)+ -a#' +'a# i$r')'$# 'ar +a )a"'( 'ri" '$2ir$*'$#a! +aar(("' # #+' rapi( 4r-#+ 1 a44r'4a#' '!')#ri)a! p-'r4'$'ra#i$ a$( ("' # #+' 4r-#+ i$ i' 1 i$(i2i("a!

p-'r p!a$#.H'$)' )r'a#i$4 a 4r'a#'r r'@"ir'*'$# 1r )!i$4 -a#'r #

)"r, #+'r*a! r -a#' '$'r4 p!!"#i$ i.'. )$#r!.

Tra(i#i$a!!3 p-'r p!a$# +a2' (ip'( 1 #+'ir -a#'+'a# , -i#+(ra-i$4 -a#'r 1r* a ri2'r r !a='3 pai$4 i#

#+r"4+ #+' #'a* )$('$'r3 a$( r'#"r$i$4 i# (ir')#! ##+' "r)'. I# i =$-$ #+a# a !ar4' pr#i$ 1 #+' +'a# i!# # #+' a#*p+'r' , '2apra#i$ 1 -a#'r 1r* #+'ri2'r r #r'a*3 -+'r'a *a!!'r 1ra)#i$ ar' !# # #+'"rr"$(i$4 air a$( #r'a* ,'( , ra(ia#i$3 )$(")#i$a$( )$2')#i$


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EFFECTS T+' (i)+ar4' 1 -a#'r a# a #'*p'ra#"r' / r 5F a,2' #+a# -+i)+

pr'2ai! i$ a -a#'r)"r' )a$ +a2' '2'r' '0')# $ a@"a#i) r4a$i*.Lar4' a@"a#i) a$i*a! -i!! "r2i2' i$)r'a'( #+'r*a! +)= -+i!' *a!!'r

$)' ar' ")'p#i,!' # i#3 i.'. -i!! (i'. M'#a,!i) ra#' a$( 4'$ ('*a$( 1


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THERMAL POLLUTION CONTROL COOLING PONDS

A )!i$4 p$( i a p$( r !a=' 'p')ia!! )$#r")#'( #pr2i(' a "r)' 1 )!i$4 -a#'r a$( a )!'( i$= # -+i)+# r'#"r$ i# a1#'r "'.

T+' p$( *"# ,' ">)i'$#! !ar4' #+a# '2apra#i$ a$(#+'r +'a# #ra$1'r # #+' air 1r* i# "r1a)' )a$ =''p #+'a2'ra4' -a#'r #'*p'ra#"r' !- '$"4+ # pr2i(' a

)$#i$"" "r)' 1 )!i$4 -a#'r COOLING TOWERS

A )!i$4 #-'r a!!- 1r #+' '>)i'$# )$#a)# 1 a*,i'$# air-i#+ +'a#'( -a#'r3 r'"!#i$4 i$ #+' rapi( )!i$4 1 #+' -a#'r-i#+"# r'#"r$i$4 i# # i# "r)'3 r ,'1r' i# i r'#"r$'( # i#

"r)'. W+'$ a )!i$4 #-'r i "'(3 i# i pi,!' # "' #+' a*'

-a#'r 1r p-'r p!a$# )!i$4 a4ai$ a$( a4ai$3 , a((i$4 a *a!!1ra)#i$ 1 1r'+ -a#'r # *a=' "p 1r '2apra#i$ !'.


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BENEFICIAL USES OF WASTE HEAT FROM PLANTS +'a#i$4 a$( )!i$4 1 !ar4' )i#i' r $'- #-$

('a!i$a#i$ 1 -a#'r a$( i$("#ria! pr)' +'a#i$4

+'a#i$4 4r''$ +"'3 2'4'#a,!' 1ar*3 r


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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS M%ch is (ei' *oe to cot$o, "oito$, !* $ectif)

*!"!'es *oe () o%t!ts+ The $o(e"s !s (ei'seci7e* !$e *i#e$se+

It is i"o$t!t th!t o%tio iss%e (e t!1e se$io%s),!s i'o$!ce is ot the /!) to 'o+ The st!1es o/ !$e

$e!) hi'h !s e#i$o"et! iss%es !$e cost!t)'$o/i' i (oth si4e !* %"(e$s+

It is i"o$t!t to 1ee cose cot$o o#e$ o%t!ts soth!t /e c! "!it!i the e#i$o"et i !

!ccet!(e co*itio fo$ f%t%$e 'ee$!tios+


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I *oi' this, "!!'e$i! o$ techoo'ic!st$!te'ies !* $!ctices c! (e e"o)e*+

Sciece i this $e'!$*, c! !) ! "!o$ $oe if!ciit!ti' (oth t)es of so%tios+

It is i"o$t!t th!t co"!ies !* 7$"s th!tcot$i(%te to the !%! $ee!se of !i$ !* /!te$

o%t!ts ito the e#i$o"et (e "!*e to %tI !ce s%ch o%tio "e!s%$es so !s to"ii"i4e s%ch $ee!se+

Fi!), the iss%e of o%tio !* o%tio

cot$o is e#e$) "!s (%siess !s !e#i$o"et!) f$ie*) e#i$o"et c$e!tes !s!fe h!$(o$ fo$ socio:oitic! !* ecoo"ic$o'$ess i s%ch te$$est$i! *o"!i+

Documents

Group 9 Complete Presentation