FactoryScenario

AfterWorld war

II

Presented by:Aradhita Utterkar (Roll No. 09)Gomati Bhiwgade (Roll No. 15)

GROUP: A collection of individuals.

--------Kelly and Thibaut.

GROUP DYNAMICS: The term group dynamics was coined to describe the way groups and individuals act and react to changing circumstances.

----------Kurt Lewin

Definition of group: A group can be defined as consisting of two or more individuals who influence one another through social interaction.

Types of group

Formal group

1) Command group

2) Task group

Informal group

1) Interest group

2) Friendship group

3) Membership group

4) Reference group

Criteria’s for a group to include

Formal social structure Face to face interaction Two or more persons Common fate Common goals Interdependence Self-definition as group members Recognition by others

Why do people join groups?

Security Status Self-esteem Affiliation Power Goal achievement

Dynamics of group formation

Tuckman’s stages of group development model.

Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

Role of group dynamics

Influence on the behaviour of individual members

Shaping of attitudes,values and beliefs Influence on group morale Opportunity to be leaders Job satisfaction Social satisfaction Provides a sense of security.

Dynamics of informal groups

Roles in informal group

Contributor Collaborator Communicator Challenger

Dynamics of informal groups

Norms are followed in informal group only if:

Aid in group survival Provision of benefits Simplify the group members behavior Help to avoid inter personal problems Express central values or goals of group Clarify what is distinctive about the groups identity.

Practical benefits from informal organization

More effective total system Lightens workload on management Fills in gaps in a managers abilities Provides safety valve for employee

emotions Improves communication

Dynamics of formal groups

Example of formal group is committee. Positive attributes of committee.

Groups fail due to the following

Absence of trust Fear of conflict Lack of commitment Avoidance of accountability Inattention to results

Dysfunctions of groups

Norm violation and role ambiguity/conflict Group think conformity, problem.

Space shuttle challenge disaster(1986) Bay of pigs invasion(1959-1962)

Risky shift phenomenon Group polarization Social loafing

Group Decision Making Techniques

Brainstorming

Nominal Group Technique

Electronic Meeting

Group Processes

Synergy Action of two or more substances that results in

an effect that is different from the individual summation of substances

Social Facilitation Effect Tendency for performance to improve or decline

in response to the presence of others

Group Conflict

Analysis of Interaction

Sociograms

Way of recording interactions between Members of a Group

Direction and Intensity of communication One or more observers

Bale’s Interaction Process Analysis

Guidelines for better use of Group Dynamics

People who are to be changed & who influence

the group should have strong sense of

belongingness

Group should be more attractive to its members

Attitudes/Values/Behavior that needs to be

changes should be relevant to Group

Group Member having more prestige can exert

more influence

Guidelines for better use of Group Dynamics

After successful change of a subpart, would encounter strong resistance

Information relating to the need for change plans must be shared by relevant group members

Bring about re-adjustment in related parts

Group Dynamics Implications for Managers

Obtain cooperation from Informal Groups

Use Informal Groups to improve attitudes of employees

Develop Informal Groups to satisfy various needs of

employees

Informal Groups = Grapevine

Provide Groups with high quality leadership for effective

results

Enhance productivity and minimize resistance to change

Case Study

“Working together for Greater Productivity”

Case Study

“The Working Together Program”