Group - I (Mains) –Test 2 (English - Explanation)

3 Marks

1. Linguistic Reorganisation of States:

a) The reorganization of the states on the basis of language, a major

aspect of national consolidation and integration, came to the fore

almost immediatelyafter independence.

b) In 1917, the Congress Party had committed itself to the creation of

linguistic provinces in a Free India.

c) After Congress’s Nagpur Session in 1920, the principle was extended

and formalized with the creation of provincial Congress Committee by

linguistic zones.

d) The linguistic reorganization of the Congress was encouraged and

supported by Mahatma Gandhi.

First Linguistic Province commission (LPC):

a) After the bitter partition on the basis of religion the then PM Nehru

was apprehensive of dividing country further on the basis of language,

but there was a high demand for it especially from regional congress

communities.

b) Hence, Constituent Assembly in 1948 appointed Linguistic Provinces

Commission, headed by Justice SK Dhar, to enquire into desirability

of linguistic provinces.

c) TheDhar Commission advised against this at that time reason being it

might threaten national unity and also be administratively

inconvenient.

d) Linguistic Province commission (LPC) headed by Dhar supported

reorganization on the basis of administrative convenience rather than

on Linguistic basis.

JVP Committee:

a) To appease the vocal votaries of linguistic states, the Congress

appointed a committee (JVP)in December 1948 consisting

of Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel and PattabhiSitaramayya,

president of the Congress,to examine thequestion afresh.

b) This committee advised against the creation of linguistic states for the

time being, emphasizing on unity, national security and economic

development as the needs of the hour.

c) The Congress leadership would not oppose any popular demand. In

the JVP report, as well as afterwards, the Congress leadership laid

down that where the demand for a linguistic state was insistent and

overwhelming and where other language groups involved were

agreeable to it, a new state could be created.

d) The JVP report was followed by popular movements for states’

reorganization all over the country, which persisted with varying

degrees of intensity till 1960. The demand for a separate Andhra state

for the Telugu people was an example. The demand had been popular

for nearly half a century and had the support of all political parties.

Formation of 1st linguistic State:

a) After Independence, speakers of Telugu asked the congress to

implement its old resolution in favour of linguistic states.

b) The method they used to advance their causes were petitions,

representations, street marches, parts.

c) A popular freedom fighter, PottiSriramulu undertook a fast unto death

over the demand for a separate Andhra and expired after fifty-eight

days.

d) After his death people were agitated and it was followed by rioting,

demonstrations, hartals and violence all over Andhra.

e) The Vishal-andhra movement turned violent.

f) Finally, Nehru announced the formation of a separate state in

1952 State of Andhra Pradesh came into being

States Reorganization Commission 1953:

a) The formation of Andhra Pradesh spurred the struggle for making of

other states on linguistic lines in other parts of the country.

b) Hence Nehru appointed states Reorganisation Commission with

Justice Fazl Ali, KM Panikkar & H Kunzru as members, to examine

the entire question of the reorganization of the states of the Union.

They recommended -1.The three-tier (Part-A/B/C) state system

should be abolished2.The institution of Rajapramukh and special

agreement with former princely states should be abolished3.The

general control vested in Government of India by Article 371 should

be abolished4.Only the following 3 states should be the Union

Territories: Andaman & Nicobar, Delhi and Manipur. The other Part-

C/D territories should be merged with the adjoining states.

States Reorganization Act 1956:

a) The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 was a major reform of the

boundaries of India’s states and territories, organizing them along

linguistic lines.

b) The States Reorganisation Act was passed by parliament in November

1956. It provided for fourteen states and six centrally administered

territories.

c) The states Reorganisation act was enacted on 31 august 1956 before

it came into effect on 1 November 1956.

d) The Act came into effect at the same time as the Constitution (Seventh

Amendment) Act, 1956 which (among other things) restructured the

constitutional framework for India’s existing states and the

requirements to pass the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 under the

provisions of Part I of the Constitution of India, Articles 3 & 4.

e) The Telangana area of Hyderabad state was transferred to Andhra;

Kerala was created by merging the Malabar district of the old Madras

Presidency with Travancore-Cochin. Certain Kannada-speaking areas

of the states of Bombay, Madras, Hyderabad and Coorg were added to

the My sore state. Bombay state was enlarged by merging the states of

Kutch and Saurashtra and the Marathi-speaking areas of Hyderabad

with it.

f) Finally, the following list of 14states and 6 union territoriesof India as

reorganized on1 November 1956.

2. Contribution of B.R.Ambedkar in social reform movement: a) The Caste system build on the edifice of the Varnasharam has

been responsible for the practice of discrimination in the Hindu

society for centuries now.

b) The challenge to repudiatethese practices was there for the leaders of

the Social reforms during those times.

c) BR.Ambedkar was one of the few leaders" of that generation who took

the challenge head on.

d) The educational qualification and understanding of the human rights

made him adept to work on it.

e) BR Ambedkar chose the legislative rights and state driven policies

coupled by theeducation of the children and empowerment of women

of Dalits.

f) The All Indian Depressed Classes Association and the All India

Depressed Classes Federationin 1930 was a move by the repressed

classes to set up institutions in order to fight for theirupliftment.

g) These institutions we led and mentored by BR. Ambedkar who was

the most vocal spokesman of the suffering and disabilities of the

untouchables

h) The Mahad Satyagraha was led by BR Ambedkar in 1927.

i) It was meant to empower theuntouchables so that they could draw

the water for daily use from a public tank in MahadintheKolba district

of Maharashtra.

j) BR Ambedkar set up the BahishkritHitakarni Sabha in order to bring

about a sense of socialand political awareness among the

untouchables.

k) The foundational principles of themovement were to Educate, Agitate

and Organise.

l) The Kalaram temple entry movement was an important step in the

fight by the Dalits forrights.

m) BR Ambedkar led a protest to secure the right to entry for the Dalits

in the temple in the year 1930.

n) BR Ambedkar played by defining role in getting women to be free

from the age olddiscrimination prescribed by the dharmashastra by

the crafting and passing of the Hindu Code Bill

o) The Annihilation of Caste written by BR Ambedkar is a masterpiece

which imparts courage and direction to social Movements even today

p) The role of Ambedkar in fighting for the Dalits was driven by his own

life experiences.

3. Examine Islamic reforms movements: a) Wahabi movement

b) Faraizi movement

c) Deoband Movement

d) Titu mir movement

e) Ahmadiya movement

f) Aligarh movement

4. Different types of Land Revenue policies

a) Zamindari system

b) Mahalwari system

c) Ryotwari system

5. Detailed Account on Classical Dance forms of India.

a) Bharatanatyam

b) Kathakali

c) Kathak

d) Odissi

e) Manipuri

f) Sattriya

g) Mohiniyattam

6. Impact of Globalization on Indian Society

a) Fertility control

b) Better job prospects for both Husband and Wife

c) Higher life style

d) Small Family Norms

e) Nuclear Family

f) Increased Old age Homes

g) No proper parental care to children

h) Increased creche and Baby Homes

i) New concepts such as Love marriage and Love cum arranged marriage

j) Emergence of Living together

k) Lack of social cohesiveness

l) Reducing the intensity of caste issues comparing rural areas

m) Fusion of sub-castes and castes

n) Increased divorce for petty issues

o) Egalitarian family replacing husband dominated family

p) Higher chances to women outside of the four walls

q) Increased get together or outing

r) Active participation of social media by family members

s) Change of food and dressing from traditional patterns

t) Better education and health benefits for family members

u) Increased slum areas which affects family system

7. Impact of Urbanization on Indian Family System

Positives

a) Great number of jobs

b) More choice to consumers

c) Technology transfer

d) Investment and foreign exchange

e) Change of life style - Urban life

f) Migration

Negatives

a) Insensitivity to traditions

b) Loss of values towards marriage, family, nuclear family

c) Increased old age homes

d) Child labor

e) Commodification of women

f) Protein food inflation

g) Change of food, dressing pattern

h) Domestic industry

i) Informal and casual labor

j) MNC dominations in Agri sector

8. Poverty in Minority Communities

a) Colonial exploitation

b) Absence of population control

c) Lack of women empowerment

d) Attack on Minorities - Lynching

e) More adherence to religious norms than scientific methods

f) High illiteracy

g) Police cases and Trials

h) Poor self-employment

i) Lack of entrepreneurship

j) Conservative society - Prejudice and discrimination

k) Government apathy

l) Absence of minority specific policies and programs

m) Political reasons – Migration, War

n) Majoritarian and authoritarian attitude in the society

o) Poor representation in the Public employment – findings of the Sachar

committee report

p) Poor land holding capacity – rented homes also

q) Poor admin – corruption

r) Lack of vocational education

s) Lack of skill development

9. Different types of Terrorism

a) Religious Terrorism

b) Ideology based terrorism

c) Ethnic terrorism

d) Narco terrorism

e) Criminal Terrorism

f) Cross border terrorism by non-state actors

Examples

a) Militant Terrorism in Kashmir

b) Khalistan oriented terrorism in Punjab

c) Naxalism or Maoism in Red Corridor

d) North East insurgency

10. Challenges to Religious Minorites in India

a) Prejudice and discrimination

b) Lack of employment and education

c) Attack on Minorities – lynching

d) Police cases and Trials, prisons

e) Maintain their distinct culture

f) Communal tensions and riots

g) Lack of representation in Civil service and Police services, Armed

Services

h) In Urbans – Lack of rented homes

i) Uniform Civil Code - recent one triple talaq bill

j) Separate Tendency

k) Use of minority languages in official languages

l) Poor Human Development

m) Poor Sex ratio,

n) Poor land holding capacity at rural

o) Complaints of conversion

11. Anti-Poverty Programs

Conceptually

a) Land reforms

b) Food security

c) Skill development on women

d) Modernization of agriculture

e) Infrastructural development –Roads, industries, schools, colleges,

PDS, Government offices, Hospitals

f) Economical aspect – access to markets, remunerative prices for agri,

g) Good governance – solutions caste problems

h) Better implementation of 73rd Amendment Act

Schemes

a) Rurban mission

b) NREGA

c) Food Security Act

d) NSAP

e) Atal pension yojana

f) PM GarmmenAwas Yojana

g) Aajeevika

h) Deendayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kausalya yojana

i) Swachh bharat

j) Antyodaya Anna yojana

k) Right to Education

l) PM janaarogya yojana

m) Gram swaraj abhiyan

n) Kudimaramathu scheme

o) THAI scheme - Tamil Nadu Village Habitations Improvement (THAI)

Scheme

p) Clean village campaign

q) CM’s Solar powered Greenhouse scheme

r) MLACDS

s) Amma Schemes – scooter, canteen, drinking water, health checkup

schemes, Mid-day meal scheme, Cm Girl child protection schemes,

Marriage assistance schemes

t) Samathuvapuram

u) Uzahvarsandhai

v) NABARD road schemes

12. Human Rights Violations

a) Terrorism

b) Rape

c) Honor killing

d) Narcotics

e) Communal Violence

f) Tribal rights

g) Forced prostitution

h) Huma trafficking

i) Minority rights

j) Child sexual abuse and labor

k) Organ trade issues

l) Manual Scavenging

m) Temple entry rights

n) Triple talaq

o) Lynching

p) Bonded and contractual labor

q) Encounters – lock up death

r) AFSPA Act – Armed forces atrocities

s) Transgender rights issues

t) Under trail cases

u) Wrongful convictions

v) Press freedom

w) Unsafe living conditions

x) Attack on cultural monuments

13. Naxalism

Impact

a) Threats to unity, Secularism, Development

b) Threat to the Super Power status in the Global

c) Threats to the Democracy and Unity in Diversity

d) Attack on security and tribal people

e) Impact on economic growth and infrastructure

f) Tendency on separatism

g) Obstacles for development projects

h) No prospects for human development

i) No optimum utilization of natural resources

j) Deforestation and species loss

k) Illegal trade in arms and narcotics

14. Regionalism

a) Regionalism is a political ideology that focuses on the national or

normative interests of a particular region, group of regions or other

subnational entity.

b) These may be delineated by political divisions, administrative

divisions, cultural boundaries, linguistic regions, and religious

geography, among others.

c) Initially Language – 1956 Reorganization

d) Tribal – 2000

e) Natural protection – 2000

f) Development basis – 2014

g) Ethnicity in North East

h) Population aspect – Uttar Pradesh

Examples

a) Gorkha land in West Bengal

b) Vidarbha in Maharashtra

c) Bodoland in Assam

Causes

a) Sons of soil theory and regional politics

b) Development of own region

c) Pride of language and ethnicity and race

d) Traditions and rituals – Shivaji, Rajputs, sikhs

e) Migration from other regions

f) Neglect of central and other neighboring states

g) Poor developmental spending by states

h) Natural disasters- Geographical location

i) Geographical reasons – natural resources

j) Historical and cultural reasons

k) Political reasons – caste and communal

l) Misrepresentation of Historical reasons

m) Psychological factors – Jallikattu and NEET

n) Economic factors – unemployment

o) Poor infrastructure, Education, health, industry,

p) Poor administration by state governments

q) Improper urbanization and Planning

15. Slums

A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been defined as residential areas

where dwellings are unfit for human habitation by reasons of

dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of such

buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of street, lack of ventilation,

light, or sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which

are detrimental to the safety and health.

Towns Reporting Slums India : Census 2011

a) Out of 4,041 Statutory Towns in Census 2011 Slums reported from

2,543 Towns (63%)

b) Total Slum Enumeration Blocks (SEBs) in Census 2011 is about 1.08

lakh in the country

c) Largest number of Slum EBs reported from Maharashtra (21,359)

Causes

a) Huge population Growth

b) Rural–urban migration

c) Severe poverty

d) Severe Unemployment

e) Poor house planning

f) Caste Issues and social exclusion

g) Poor infrastructure, social exclusion and economic stagnation

h) Presence of informal economy

i) Displacement of people due to Infrastructural Projects

j) Natural disasters

k) Lack of employment avenues in villages

l) Faulty city planning for such large human settlement

m) Lack of attention from Govt. to minimize socio-economic disparity

between urban & rural divide.

n) High birth rate among migrants

o) Lack of formal education, awareness, vocational and skill training

p) Presence of parallel economy or black economy in Urban areas

q) Lack of absorption in the urban system

r) Higher living costs and rents in urbans

s) Lack of jobs in urban areas

t) Refugees from neighbor countries

Solutions

a) Slum Clearance Board

b) Pradhan Mantri Awas yojana (Urban part)

c) RURBAN Mission

d) Better rural development schemes

e) Better urban planning & slum rehabilitation

f) Infrastructural Development in Urban Areas

g) An in-situ upgrading approach in slum areas itself

16. Urban and Rural Life

BASIS FOR

COMPARISON URBAN RURAL

Meaning A settlement where the population

is very high and has the features

of a built environment, is known

as urban.

An area located in the

outskirts, is known as

rural.

Includes Cities and towns Villages and hamlet

Life Fast and complicated Simple and relaxed

Environment Greater isolation from nature. Direct contact with

nature.

Associated with Non-agricultural work, i.e. trade,

commerce or provision of services.

Agriculture and

livestock.

Population size Densely populated Sparsely populated

Development Planned settlement exists in

urban areas, that are developed

according to the process of

urbanization and

industrialization.

Developed randomly,

based on availability of

natural vegetation and

fauna in the area.

BASIS FOR

COMPARISON URBAN RURAL

Social mobility Highly intensive Less intensive

Division of labor Always present at the time of job

allotment.

No such division.

17. 25 men with 10 boys can do in 6 days as much work as 21 men with 30

boys can do in 5 days. How many boys must help 40 men to do the same

work in 4 days?

Let 1 Man’s 1 Day’s Work = M

1 Boy’s 1 Day’s Work = B

then, 6 (25 M + 10 B) = 5 (21 M + 30 B)

150 M + 60 B = 105 M + 150 B

45 M = 90 B

M = 2 B

Let the required Number of Boys be x

then, 4 (40 M + x B) = 6 (25 M + 10 B)

Sub, M = 2B

40 (80 B + x B) = 360 B

80 + x = 90

x = 10

Number of Boys required is 10.

18. A can complete a work in 10 days, B in 12 days and C in 15 days. All of

them began the work together but A had to leave the work after 2 days of

the start and B 3 days before the completion of the work. How long did

the work last.

A, B, C Work together for 2 Days = 1 1 12

10 12 15

= 15260

= 12

Work done by C in 3 Days = 1315

= 15

So remaining work = 1 112 5

= 310

(B+C)’s 1 day Work = 1 1

12 15

= 27180

= 320

Now, 320

work is done by (B+C) in 1 Day.

310

work is done by (B+C) in 20 33 10

= 2 Days.

Total Time = 2 + 3 + 2

= 7 Days

19. Three pipes A,B,C can fill a tank in 6 hours. After working at it together

for 2 hours, C is closed and A and B can fill the remaining part in 7

hours. The Number of hours taken by C alone to fill the tank is.

Part filled by 3 Pipes in 2 Hours = 26

= 13

Part filled by (A + B) in 7 Hours = 113

= 23

(A+B)’s Hour Work = 221

C’s 1 Hour Work = 216 21

= 114

Hence C, alone can fill the tank in 14 hours.

20. The difference between compound and simple interacts on a certain sum

of money at the interest rate of 10% per annum for 1½ years is 183 Rs.

When the interest is compounded semi-annualy. Find the sum of money.

Let the sume be x

C.I. = 3

51100

x x

= 105 105 105100 100 100

x x

= 92618000

x x

= 12618000

x

S.I. = 10 3100 2

x

= 320

x

CI - S.I. = 183

1261 38000 20

x x = 183

618000

x = 183

x = 24,000

21. The population of a town is 176400. If it increases annually at 5% what

will be its population 2 years hence? What was it 2 years ago?

Population of town = 176400

Let P be the Population, P = 176400

r is the increasing rate, r = r = 5%

n is the time = n =2

A = n

rP 1100

A = 2

5176400 1100

= 105 105176400100 100

A = 194481

Total population after 2 years in 194481

176400 = n

rP 1100

176400 = 2

5P 1100

176400 = 105 105P100 100

P = 176400 100 100105 105

P = 160000

Total population before 2 years is 160000.

22. The length, Breadth and height of a hall are 25m, 15m and 5m

respectively. Find the cost of renovating its floor and four walls at the

rate of Rs.80 per m2

Here, length (l) = 25 m

Breadth (b) = 15 m

Height (h) = 5 m

Area of four walls = 2 (l + b) h

= 2 (25 + 15) 5

= 80 5

= 400 m2

Area of the floor = l b

= 25 15

= 375 m2

Total renovating area of the hall = 400 + 375

= 775m2.

Cost of renovating = 775 80

= Rs.62,000

23. Water is flowing at the rate of 15 Km/Hr through a cylindrical pipe of

diameter 14 cm into a rectangular tank which is 50m long and 44m

wide. In How many hours will the water level in the tank raise by 21 cm?

Speed of water = 15 km/Hr.

= 15000m/Hr.

Diameter of Pipe = 2r = 14 cm

r = 7100

m

Let h be the water level to be raised,

h = 21 cm

= 21100

m

The volume of water discharged = Cross section area of Pipe

Time Speed

= r2 15000 x (x is the time)

Volume = l b h

= 2150 44100

2150 44100

= 7 7π 15000100 100

x

x = 2 Hours

Hence it will take 2 hours to raise the required water level.

24. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the

probability that either both are black or both are queen.

Sample space n (s) = 52 51

1 2

= 1326

Let A = event of getting both black card

B = event of getting both queen

AB = event of guting queen of black card

n(A) = 226C

= 26 25

1 2

= 6

n(AB) = 22C

= 1

P(AB) = P (A) + P (B) P (AB)

= 325 6 11326 1326 1326

= 330

1326

= 55

221

25. A husband and wife appear in an interview for 2 vacancy in the same

post. The probability of husband section is 16

and that of wife’s selection

is 15

What is the probability of

i) Both of them selected

= 1 16 5

= 130

ii) Name of them selected

= 5 46 5

= 23

iii) Anyone selected

= 51 4 1

6 5 6 5

= 5430 30

= 310