GROUP

Mr. Kajohnsak Kernkaew No.015 Class 1/56

Miss Warunporn Watcharatrirong No.019 Class 1/56

Unit 20What’s it

made of ?

Vocabulary Grammar

Conversation Exercise

Vocabulary

Steel (n.)

A strong metal that is made by processing iron to remove some of the carbon.

Leather (n.)

Animal skin that has been treated in order to preserve it and is used to make shoes, bags, clothes, etc.

Rubber (n.)

An elastic, waterproof substance made either from the juice of a tree that grows.

Nylon (n.)

An artificial substance used esp. to make clothes, ropes and brushes.

Gold (n.)

A soft, yellow metal that is highly valued and used esp. in jewelry and as a form of wealth.

Wool (n.)

The soft, curly hair from sheep, or thread or cloth made from this.

Plastic (adj.)

Soft enough to be shaped into different forms.

Wax (n.)

A solid, fatty substance that softens and melts at a low temperature.

Cotton (n.)

Thread or cloth made from the fiber surrounding the seeds of a tall plant, or these fibers themselves.

Ductile (adj.)

A ductile metal can be bent easily.

Transparent (adj.)

A substance allowing light through so that objects can be clearly seen.

Absorbent (adj.)

Able to take in liquids esp. through the surface.

Porous (adj.)

Allowing liquid or air to pass through.

Grammar

Can

- Structure of canThe basic structure for can is:

subject

+ auxiliary verbcan

+ main verb

Can is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use can to:

(ความสามารถ) talk about possibility and ability (การขอร�อง) make requests (ขออนุ�ญาต) ask for or give permission

be able to

- Structure of be able to The basic structure for be able to is:

subject

+ be + able + to-infinit

ive

We use be able to:

to talk about ability (พู�ดค�ยเก��ยวก�บความสามารถ)

Conversation

Conversation1

A : So what are you looking for? Something strong but flexible at the same time, I guess?

B : Yes, they can’t be brittle.

A : They mustn’t break under stress.

B : Exactly.

A : Do you use steel? That’s strong.

B : You can make body implants from steel, but there’s a big problem.

A : It’s not resistant to corrosion?

B : That’s right.Evan stainless steel will corrode over time. We need something durable.

Conversation1

A : What about nickel? Nickel doesn’t corrode.

B : Yes, and it’s ductile too.

A : What does ductile mean?

B : You can bend it lots of times and it doesn’t break. But the problem with nickel is it’s too soft. We make alloys with it though, like nickel cobalt molybdenum.

A : So you combine it with harder materials?

B : Yes, we do the same with titanium. Titanium is harder than nickel, but very expensive.

A : So titanium in alloys too?

B : That’s right.

Conversation2

A : These steel springs cost about 40 euro, right?

B : Yes, that’s right.

A : What if we buy large quantities? Can you reduce the price?

B : To what?

A : Can you get it down to 30 euro?

B : Probably not.

A : OK. Now, these are steel. Is it possible to make them in plastic?

B : oh, yes.

A : You’re sure?

Conversation2

B : Yes, we’ve done that before.

A : And will they be able to withstand high temperatures?

B : Maybe. It depends how high.

A : Will they be all right at 120 C?

B : Ithink so. We can run some tests.

A : What about 160?

B : Not a hope.

A : Are you sure?

B : Sorry, but it can’t be done.

Exercise

1. Match these adjectives to their meanings.

1. …. Artificial

2. …. Soft

3. …. Ductile

4. …. Durable

5. …. Brittle

6. …. Corroded

a. not hard or firm

b. able to last a long time c. weakened or destroyed by chemical action, for example , rusty d. easily broken, cracks easily

e. not natural, made by people

f. flexible, can bend repeatedly without breaking

2. What are these things and what are they made of? Which ones have the Qualities in

1? Think of more adjectives to describe them. Use a dictionary for help if necessary.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

3. Which materials in 2 are :

1. transparent ?

2. absorbent ?

3. flexible ?

4. impermeable ?

5. porous ? 6. natural ?

7. good electrical conductors ?

8. good heat insulators ?

4. From conversation 2. Complete the questions the customer asks.

1. Can you …… it …… to €30?

2. Is it possible to make them in ……?

3. And will they be able to …… high temperatures?

4. Will they be all right at ……ºc?

5. What about …… ?