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Group Presentation on Schizophrenia
By Karina, Tina, Annita and Dan
Group Presentation on Schizophrenia
By Karina, Tina, Annita and Dan
Topics to be coveredTopics to be CoveredTopics to be Covered
Description / Definition of Schizophrenia
by Karina
Description / Definition of Schizophrenia
by Karina
Description / Definition of Schizophrenia by Karina
Description / Definition of Schizophrenia by Karina
Description / Definition
Description / Definition
Schizophrenia CategoriesSchizophrenia Categories
Schizophrenia can be categorized by the following:Paranoid Schizophrenia:
Abnormal reality interpretation.DelusionsAuditory & Visual Hallucinations.
Disorganized Schizophrenia:Illogical & Incoherent thoughts & behavior.
Catatonic:Extreme behaviors at two ends of the spectrumInability to speak, move, or respond OROver-excitement, hyperactivity, involuntary sounds or movements
Description / Definition
Description / Definition
Signs & Symptoms of Schizophrenia
by Tina
Signs & Symptoms of Schizophrenia
by Tina
Signs & Symptoms of Schizophreniaby Tina
Signs & Symptoms of Schizophreniaby Tina
Schizophrenia is a variable illness:In some people, Schizophrenia appears suddenly and without warning.For most it comes on slowly with subtle warning signs. A gradual decline in functioning is often present long before the first episode.Many friends and family members report knowing early on that something was not right with their loved ones.
General & Less Obvious Signs and symptoms
General & Less Obvious Signs and symptoms
Social Withdrawal Decline in Motivation Lack Of Drive Diminished Emotional Response Incoherent Speech / Broken Speech Abnormal Personal Hygiene
Positive Signs & Symptoms:Are unusual thoughts and perceptions that often
involve a loss of contact with reality. These are symptoms people wouldn’t “normally”
experience. Negative Signs & Symptoms:
Represent a loss or decrease in emotions or behavioral abilities or a “blunted” effect.
Signs Of SchizophreniaPositive & Negative Signs
Signs Of SchizophreniaPositive & Negative Signs
Common Early Signs of Schizophrenia(Negative Signs)
Common Early Signs of Schizophrenia(Negative Signs)
Depression Social Withdrawal Hostility – Suspicion / Paranoia Flat Expressions Odd Statements Inappropriate Response to Situations Forgetfulness / Inability to Pay Attention Over Sleeping / Lethargy
These signs are a definite cause for concern
Symptoms Of Schizophrenia(Positive Signs)
Symptoms Of Schizophrenia(Positive Signs)
Physical:Movement disorders - such as repeating
movements, clumsiness or involuntary movements.
Cognitive signs and symptoms: Problems making sense of information Difficulty paying attention Memory problems
…Continued
Symptoms Of Schizophrenia(Positive Signs)
Symptoms Of Schizophrenia(Positive Signs)
Delusions: Beliefs not based on reality. They may believe they are victims of conspiracy.They may think they can read minds or have special
powers. Hallucinations:
Seeing and Hearing things that don’t exist. Thought & Speech Disorders:
Disorganized speech. Fragmented thinking. Switching from one subject to another with no link or
reference to previous subject or thought.
The following video gives some insight into one person coping in her life with Schizophrenia.
Coping With SchizophreniaCoping With Schizophrenia
Skip VideoSkip Video
Treatment of Schizophrenia
by Annita
Treatment of Schizophrenia
by Annita
Treatment of SchizophreniaTreatment of Schizophrenia
Psychosocial treatment:
Helps with communication, motivation, self-care, work, establishing and maintaining relationship with others.
Aids in patients sticking to their medication schedule.
Have the benefit of the patient having fewer relapses and hospitalization.
Psychosocial TreatmentPsychosocial Treatment
Illness management skills:
Must know basics about the disease. Must know principals of Schizophrenia
treatment. Can make decisions about their care once they
are aware of the disease and treatment. Taught how to distinguish warning signs of
relapse.
Illness Management SkillsIllness Management Skills
Integrated treatment for Co-occurring substance abuse.
Depend more on the prescribed drugs. Most common occurring but not recognized.
Do you mean drug abuse is the most commonly occurring symptom?
They produce a better outcome. Meaning correct use of prescribed meds produces the least relapses?
Integrated treatment for Co-occurring substance abuse.
Integrated treatment for Co-occurring substance abuse.
Rehabilitation:
Rehabilitation for Patients can include: Social and vocational training. Programs including vocational counseling, job
training, money management, counseling. Assistance inusing public transport. Practicing social and workplace
communication skills.
RehabilitationRehabilitation
Family education:
Patients with Schizophrenia usually get discharged into the care of their family.
Families must know the importance of the disease and know as much about the disease as possible.
Families should be taught know different kinds of treatment and coping strategies.
Family EducationFamily Education
Cognitive behavioral therapy:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Can: Be more effective for patients where
symptoms still persist even after medication. Teaches how to test their reality. Be more effective as they reduce severity of
symptoms. Decrease the risk of relapses.
Cognitive Behavioral TherapyCognitive Behavioral Therapy
Self- help groups:
These Groups: Do not involve professional therapists. Are a source of mutual support. Include people that are aware others are facing
same problems. Generate social actions. Do not draw public attention and does not let the
public discriminate against them.
Self-Help GroupsSelf-Help Groups
Antipsychotic medication:
Antipsychotic Medication: Reduces the likelihood of relapses. Normalizes chemical balances that cause
Schizophrenia. Two major types of antipsychotic medication:
Traditional medicationNew Antipsychotic medications.
Antipsychotic MedicationAntipsychotic Medication
Traditional Medication May: Effectively control hallucinations and
delusions. Control the confusion of Schizophrenia. Treat positive symptoms of Schizophrenia.
Traditional MedicationTraditional Medication
New antipsychotic medication:
New Antipsychotic Medication May: Treat a broader range of symptoms. Treats both “positive” and “negative”
symptoms.
New Antipsychotic MedicationNew Antipsychotic Medication
Side effects for both types of medication may include any or all of the following:
Mild Effects - dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, diarrhea drowsiness and dizziness.
Serious Effects - trouble with muscle control, frequent and unmanageable muscle spasm and cramps. Negative changes to Mental Health.
Side Effects of MedicationSide Effects of Medication
Nursing Interventions for Schizophrenia
by Dan
Nursing Interventions for Schizophrenia
by Dan
Nursing interventions for Schizophrenia include: Assistance with Activities of daily living. Provision of a safe physical environment. Supervision. This will often include restriction of drugs. Medications.
Continued...
Nursing interventions for Schizophrenia by Dan
Nursing interventions for Schizophrenia by Dan
Psychotherapy. This is used to help patients improve their
relationships, integrate into society and help assist with Daily Living.
Psychotherapy is generally used after the acute phase has passed.
Nursing interventions for Schizophrenia by Dan
Nursing interventions for Schizophrenia by Dan
Definition of PsychotherapyPsychotherapy: “The treatment of a behavior disorder,
mental illness, or any other condition by psychological means. Psychotherapy may utilize insight, persuasion, suggestion, reassurance, and instruction so that patients may see themselves and their problems more realistically and have the desire to cope effectively with them.”
(http://www.medterms.com 2009 MedicineNet, Inc.}
PsychotherapyPsychotherapy
An example of the use of psychotherapy on a schizophrenic patient would be:
Following medication therapy the patient remains withdrawn. The patient is screened for depression and found to be severely anxious.
A Psychiatric nurse would then be called to discuss their withdrawal and find & treat the symptoms.
…Continued
PsychotherapyPsychotherapy
The psychiatric nurse discusses and teaches coping strategies.
Some options include: Positive suggestion and social activities. Group therapy can provide perspective. Teaching Communication skills. Emphasize the need for a healthy diet and
personal hygiene.
PsychotherapyPsychotherapy
References
• 2004 by Donald J Franklin, PhD - http://www.psychologyinfo.com/Schizophrenia/cognitive.htm• Video courtesy of http://mindyourmind.ca & patient’s video.• Clipart is royalty-free and courtesy of various sources.• Mayo Clinic - http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/catatonic-schizophrenia/ds00863
ReferencesReferences
