Group Summery

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Technology Innovation Management

Submitted To: Arif Uddin Ahmed Palash

Senior Lecturer, School of Business Administration

Assistant proctor, Uttara University

Submitted by:

Name ID Signatures

Md. Maruf Ahmed M20911111077

Md.Saruar Jahan M20911111093

Jannatun nahar F20911111120

Md. Shahin -ur Rahman M20911111095

Md. Abdul Muttalib M20911111106

February09, 2012

Word count: 1648


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Letter of Transmittal

February09, 2012

To

Arif Uddin Ahmed Palash

Senior Lecturer, School of Business Administration

Assistant proctor, Uttara University

Subject: Submission of group assessment titled TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

MANAGEMENT

Dear Sir,

With due respect and honor, we are glad to submit you our report titled TECHNOLOGYINNOVATION MANAGEMENT

We have provided our best effort to prepare this assessment and carried it out our necessary

research and study on related published documents. We would like to believe the result of this

project might be useful in implementing the study of next generation.

We will be obliged to provide you with any further explanation, if required.

With ever gratefulness

On behalf of Group Milan

Md. Maruf Ahmed

ID: M20911111077 (18th batch)

BBA ProgramUttara University.


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Table of contents

Contents Page no:

1.0 Defining technology 11.1 Effect of technology 1

1.2 Science Engineering and technology 1

2.0 Paleolithic 1

3.0 The Neolithic Revolution 2

3.1 Metal tools 2

4.0 Medieval and modern history 3-4

5.0 Technology and philosophy 4

5.1 Technicism 4

5.2 Optimism 4

6.0 Future Technology 4-5

7.0 Tools 5-6

References 7


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Summary of module 1 (Technology Innovation Management)

1.0 Technology

The word technology comes from the Greek technologia an art, skill or crafts the study of

humanities knowledge of how to combine resources to produce desired product and services as

well as their production and delivery system. It can be embodied in people, material, and physical

process.

1.1 Effect of technology

Generally technology affects human being as well as animal species. Technology has affected the

society and its surroundings. Technology not only used for peaceful purposes but also develops

more advanced economics.

1.2 Science Engineering and technology

The distinction between science, engineering and technology is not always clear; science is the

proved investing phenomena. The exact relation between science technology is particular have

been debated by scientists, historians is the late 20th century, in part the immediate wake of world

war 11.

2.0 Paleolithic

The history of the earliest human beginning with the Paleolithic era (Old Stone Age). It was the

age of human history distinguished by the development of primitive stone tools. In lower

Paleolithic, the use of various stone started the technological prehistory of human. Primarily those

tools were in the form of choppers or scraper. After some period, stone tools were change into

specific shapes, such as hand axes. Human in lower Paleolithic started the use of fire. They had

begun to cook food by fire at lower Paleolithic or the latest in the middle Paleolithic. At that time,

the technological advances made over in the clothing and shelter. In that era the progressed of

dwelling become more sophisticated. Human were constructing temporary wood hut, moreover for

clothing they adapted from the fur and hides of hunted animal.

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3.0 The Neolithic Revolution: 10,000 years ago

The invention of polished stone axes was a major advance because it allowed forest clearance on a

large scale to create farms. The discovery of agriculture allowed for the feeding of larger

populations. Young children could contribute labor to the rising crops more readily than they could

to the hunter-gatherer lifestyle.

When increase in population and availability of labor come an increase in labor specialization.

They triggered the progression from early Neolithic villages to the first cities. Such as Uruk.

Emergence of increasingly hierarchical social structures, specialization of labor, trade and war

amongst adjacent cultures.

3.1 Metal tools

Continuing improvements led to the furnace and bellows and provided the ability to smelt and

forge native metals, gold, silver, copper and lead were such early metals. These metals have many

advertences. Native copper does not naturally occur in large amount. Copper ones are quite

common and some of them produce metal easily when burned in wood or charcoal fires.

Energy and Transport

Meanwhile, human were leading to harness other forms of energy. The earliest record of a ship

under sail is shown on an Egyption pot dating back to 3200B. Egyptians probably use the power

of Nile. Similarly, the early peoples of Mesopotamia, Sumerians, learned to use the trigris and

Euphrates rivers for much the same purpose.

Wheel was invented around 4000BC. The wheel was probably independently invented in

Mesopotamia. The oldest artifacts with drawings that depict wheeled carts date from about

3000BC. There is also evidence from the same period of time that wheels were used for the

production of pottery. Then comes idea to human brain. The invention of the wheel revolutionized

activities as disparate as transportation, war and production of pottery. It doesnt use to carry

heavily loads. But it was the use of wheel as a transformer of energy.

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4.0 Medieval and modern history

Human society has passed through two huge and lasting changes which deserve the name

revolution. The first, the Neolithic Revolution, begins in 8000 BC and continues throughthousands of years. Its effect is to settle people on the land. It makes peasant agriculture the

standard everyday activity of the human species.

The second, the Industrial Revolution, gathers pace in the 18th century and is still developing

today. It moves people from the countryside into rapidly expanding towns. It turns labor into a

disciplined and mainly indoor activity, with an increasing distinction between owners, employers

and managers on one side and workers on the other.

Elements characteristic of industrial society can be seen in isolated examples long before the 18th

century. In 1378 the workers inFlorence's cloth trade win temporary advantages through standing

together in what would now be called industrial action. A knitting machine invented in England in

1589 is so far ahead of its time that it can play a profitable role in factories two and three centuries

later. And the development ofcloth mills in the late Middle Ages foreshadows the search for new

sources of power in the Industrial Revolution.

Nevertheless there is one place and one time - England in the 18th century - in which these threads

coalesce into a process of undeniable change.The nineteenth century was predominantly an age of coal and iron; the preceding centuries were

largely characterized by water and wood. The vertical water wheel and the windmillwere both

imported to the Latin West in the middle Ages. By 1450, these sources of power were already

applied to brewing, hempproduction, filling, ore stamping, tanning, sawmills, blast furnaces, paper

production, and mine pumping. Their use and development continued throughout the early modern

period. The principle of translating circular wheel motion into other forms of translational motion

was also applied through human or animal labor.

The 20th century provides two further turning points in human social development which

historians of the future may judge of equal significance to theNeolithic and Industrial Revolutions.

The two may eventually seem to merge as a single revolution, since both are made Possible by the

discovery of electricity.
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But from our closer perspective there seems an intrinsic difference between the Electric Revolution

(by now a century old and familiar in its main applications) and the Electronic Revolution - which

first impinges on the general public in the 1990s and still retains, in the 21st century, an

unimaginable potential for transforming human life.

5.0 Technology and philosophy

5.1 Technicism

Technicism is the belief that humanity will ultimately be able to control the entirely of existence

technology. In other words, human beings will someday be able to master all problems and

possibly even control the future using technology.

5.2 Optimism

Optimistic assumptions are made by proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and

singularitarianism, which view technological development as generally having beneficial effects

for the society and the human condition.

Technology and animal species

The use of basic technology is also a feature of other animal species apart from humans. These

include primates such as chimpanzees, some dolphin communities and crows. Considering a more

generic perspective of technology as ethology of active environmental conditioning and control,

we can also refer to animal example such as beavers and their dams or bees and their honeycombs.

6.0 Future Technology

Emerging technologies in general denote significant technological developments that broach new

territory in some significant way in their field. Examples of currently emerging technologies

include information technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, cognitive science, robotics, and

artificial intelligence

New developments in technology are moving in diverse direction. We find things becoming bigger

on one hand, while we also see a trend towards miniaturization. Then there is a clear trend towards

things like mobile and wireless electronic devices, and disposable products.

Talking of disposable products, there has been a very clear trend towards useful life of products

becoming shorter. Thus though the features incorporated in any product are increasing, the

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence


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durability and maintainability of product is reducing. Thus a modern automobile is being loaded

with more and more features to add to convenience, safety and luxury, the sturdiness of the cars

themselves is going down.

Another major technological change that is being forced upon humanity relates to use of renewable

sources of energy. Humanity will be forced to make substantially greater use of these. This will

force us to develop technologies to make these much more economical than these are today.

Similarly in next fifty years the humanity will also be forced to use technologies which are much

less polluting than the existing ones.

7.0 Tools

Anthropologists believe that the use of tools was an important step in the evolution of mankind.

Humans evolved an opposable thumb useful in holding tools and increased dramatically in

intelligence, which aided in the use of tools.Because tools are used extensively by both humans

and wild chimpanzees, it is widely assumed that the first routine use of tools took place prior to the

divergence between the two species. These early tools, however, were likely made of perishable

materials such as sticks, or consisted of unmodified stones that cannot be distinguished from other

stones as tools. The beginning of the Stone Age marks the era when hominins first began

manufacturing stone tools, and evidence of these tools dates back at least 2.6 million years in

Ethiopia. One of the earliest distinguishable stone tool forms is the hand axe.

Tools are the most important items that the ancient humans used to climb to the top of the food

chain; by inventing tools, they were able to accomplish tasks that human bodies could not, such as

using a spearorbow and arrow to kill prey, since their teeth were not sharp enough to pierce many

animals' skins.

The transition from stone to metal tools roughly coincided with the development of agriculture

around the 4th millennium BC. Mechanical devices experienced a major expansion in their use in

the middle Ages with the systematic employment of new energy sources: water (waterwheels) and

wind (windmills).

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposable_thumbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_toolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_axehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterwheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposable_thumbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_toolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_axehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterwheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill


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Machine tools occasioned a surge in producing new tools in the industrial revolution. Advocates of

nanotechnology expect a similar surge as tools become microscopic in size

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_toolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_toolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology


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References

Palash.A.U,(2012), Tch.lecture slide-uni photocopy.

Taylor Recherd and Fancis William, (1976) History of Technology

Theodore Kaczynski (2005). Industrial Society and its Future

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Documents

Group Summery