Group Support SystemsGSS

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    BAB 7

    Teknologi Perhitungan secara

    Kolaborasi:Group Support Systems(GSS)

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    Teknologi Perhitungan Kolaborasi:

    Group Support Systems(GSS)Orang

    Membentuk groupwork

    memerlukan kolaborasi

    Memerlukan untuk berkomunikasi

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Opening Vignette: Chrysler

    SCORES dengan Groupware

    Chrysler menggunakan grup untuk

    menambah kolaborasi dan komunikasi

    dengan suppliers

    Identifikasi pemborosan dalam rantai

    proses

    Eliminasi pemborosan

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Solusi

    Aplikasi Lotus Notes

    Perluasan sistem usaha

    Insentif untuk suppliers dalamkontribusinya

    Sistem relasi Vendor

    Sediakan manfaaf yang kompetitif

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    SCORE Benefits

    Pengayaan hubungan dengan suppliers

    Praktek kualitas pembelian yang lebih

    baik

    Kualitas produk yang lebih baik

    Biaya lebih murah (di dalam 2000: $2

    billion)

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Karakteristik Groupwork

    Group membentuk tugas-tugas

    Tempat yang berbeda

    Waktu yang berbeda

    Organisasi yang sama atau berbeda

    Secar Permanent atau temporary

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Karakteristik lainnya

    Tingkat rentang managerial

    Synergy atau conflict

    Productivitas mendapat / kehilangan

    Mungkin dibutuhkan reaksi cepat

    Hampir tidak bisa didapat pada satu

    tempat

    Bermacam-macam sumber pengetahuan

    Tenaga ahli dari luar

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Setiap waktu/setiap tempat

    kolaborasi

    Memungkinka dengan Web

    Biaya PCs yang murah

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Pertemuan

    Kegiatan bersama Status sama atau hampir sama

    Keluaran tergantung pada pengetahuan paraparticipant etc.

    Keluaran tergantung pada komposisi grup

    Keluaran tergantung proses pengambilankeputusan

    Pertentangan bisa jadi karena pangkat ataunegosiasi

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Groupware

    Untuk menunjang pertemuan grup

    Computer-supported cooperative work

    (CSCW) Software yang menyediakan kolaborasi

    untuk menunjang grup

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Dukungan komunikasi

    Sangat penting(Vital)

    Diperlukan untuk kolaborasi

    Teknologi informasi modernmenyediakan dukungan komunikasi:yang tidak mahal, cepat, mempunyai

    kesanggupan dan handal Internet/Web

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Dukungan komunikasi Word of mouth

    Delivery persons Horseback

    Snailmail

    Telegraph

    Telephone

    Radio

    Television

    Videoconferencing

    Internet / Web

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Komunikasi Nonverbal

    Issue penting

    Tidak terjangkau dengan menggunakan

    hampir semua sistem komunikasi

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Dukungan kolaborasi (CSCW)

    Orang kerja bersama

    Group Support Systems (GSS)

    Groupware:

    Sistem pertemuan secara Electronik

    Sistem konfrensi secara Electronik

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Rangka kerja waktu dan tempat

    Keputusan dalam ruangan waktu/tempat

    sama

    Video Conference dilakanakan pada

    waktu yang sama pada tempat yang

    berbeda

    Via Internet dilaksanakan pada waktu

    dan tempat yang berbeda

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Rangka kerja komunikasi

    waktu/tempat

    Different

    Place

    Same

    Place

    Web-based GSS

    Whiteboard

    Email, Vmail

    Workflow management system

    Document sharingComputer conferencing with

    memory

    Web-based GSS

    Whiteboard

    Document sharing

    Videoconferencing

    Audioconferencing

    Computer conferencing

    Email, Vmail

    Different TimeSame Time

    GSS in a Decision Room

    Web-based GSS

    Workflow management system

    Document sharingEmail, Vmail

    GSS in a Decision Room

    Web-based GSS

    Multimedia Presentation

    SystemsWhiteboard

    Document sharing

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Groupware

    Server Lotus Notes / Domino

    termasuk ruang pemblajaran

    Server kolaborasi Netscape Microsoft NetMeeting

    Novell Groupwise

    GroupSystems TCBWorks

    WebEx

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Sistem dukungan Grup

    Goal: untuk mendukung grup kerja

    Manikkan benefits/ mengurangi

    kehilangan kolaborasi

    Didasarkan pada:

    Teknik grupNominal

    Delphi Method

    Electronic Meeting System (EMS)

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Kemajuan Proces GSS

    Proses informasi paralel

    Lebih besar grup bisa berpartisipasi

    Diskusi komputer dengan cepat

    Orang dengan tenang bisa berpartisipasidengan kontribusi yang sama

    Orang yang ribut tidak bisa memacupertemuan

    Menghemat waktu bepergian (millions $ / year)

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Kehilangan proses GSS

    Free-riding

    Flaming

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Teknologi GSS

    Ruang Keputusan

    Penggunaan fasilitas ganda

    Dasar Web

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Keputusan dalam ruangan

    (Electronic Meeting)

    12 s/d 30 jaringan PC

    Umumnya istirahat

    Server PC

    Sistem proyeksi dengan layar besar

    Ruang istirahat

    Perlu suatu pelatihan fasilitator untuk sukses

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Ruang sejuk

    Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com

    US A ir Force

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Ruang sejuk

    IBM Corp.

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

    Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com

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    Ruang sejuk

    Murraysv i l le School Distr ic t Bu s

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

    Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com

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    Sedikit mempunyai Ruang

    pengambilan keputusan

    Biaya tinggi

    Memerlukan pelatihan Facilitator

    Dukungan Software untuk tujuan yangkooperatif, bukan isue Conflict

    Jarang digunakan

    Beda kebutuhan waktu/tempat Mungkin membutuhkan lebih dari satu

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Teknologi lainnya

    Penggunaan fasilitas ganda

    Lebih murah

    Masih memerlukan fasilitator

    Dasar-Web

    Lebih murah: tidak memerlukan extra

    hardware Masih membutuhkan facilitator

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Sistem Group

    Dari Groupsystems.com, Tucson, AZ

    Groupware yang lengkap

    Versi Windows & Web

    Software yang Leading

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Proses pertemuan GSS

    Pembangkitan ide

    Pengorganisasian ide

    Pemberian prioritas ide

    Bangkitkan ide lagi

    Iterasi sampai solusi tercapai

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Mengapa GSS?

    Supaya sukses Membutuhkan

    Komitmen Organisasi

    Sponsor Executive Sponsor Operating

    Antar muka yang menyenangkan-User

    Facilitator yang terlatih baik danberdedikasi

    Perencanaan yang baik

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Pembelajaran jarak jauh (DL)

    Bukan kelas tradisional

    CSCW / GSS / Groupware

    Teknologi yang dibutuhkan

    Tidak baru

    Effektif

    Tumbuh secara cepat

    Juga korporasiDecision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Manfaat DL Yang jelas lebih efektif dibanding tradisonal

    Waktu sangat fleksibel Siswa masih tetap bisa bekerja

    Siswa bisa bepergian sambil belajar

    Bisa di Access dimana saja dan kapan saja

    Bisa menyajikan teknologi baru secara murah

    Bisa terfokus pada ketrampilan khusus

    Bisa dengan biaya murah

    Perluasan ukuran kelas dengan mudah bisadikerjakan

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Manfaat DL lainnya Menambahkan keluasan dan kedalaman pada

    kursus atau pelajaran Lebih bisa interaksi satu-satu dengan

    instruktur lewat e-mail

    Waktu kontak Siswa/fakultas ke instruktur

    naik Untuk pembelajar berlanjut

    Kehadiran fleksibel (hati2!)

    Teknologi diskusi

    Sikap siswa berevolusi dan bertambah baik

    Hasilnya (scores) akan lebih tinggi

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Lebih lanjut kerugian DL

    Membutuhkan waktu lebih banyak

    Pembelajar harus lebih tanggap

    Siswa harus kerja keras!

    Lainnya

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Courseware DL yang ada

    Lotus Notes

    Microsoft NetMeeting

    Novell GroupWise

    Learning Space (Lotus Notes)

    WebCT LearnLinc Virtual Classroom

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Kreativitas dan pembentukan ide

    Kreativitas: Umumnya suatu ciri

    kemanusiaan

    Kreativitas dan innovasi

    Bisa menghasilkan pengaruh yang luar biasa

    terhadap organisasi

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Pembangkitan ide

    Electronic Brainstorming Bisa dismulasikan

    Bisa mengatur metode

    Lebih banyak menciptakan ide

    Pemetaan kognitif-sangat bermanfaat

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Kreativitas

    Software ayng menunjukkan kreativitas

    Intelligent agents (softbots)

    Copycat (creates analogies)

    AARON (creates painted art)

    Genjam (writes jazz music)

    Kurzweils Cybernetic Poet (writes poems)

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Alternatif Software Creativitas

    CoBrain

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    Software yang memfasilitasi

    Kreativitas Project KickStart

    ThoughtPath

    Creative WhackPack

    IdeaFisher

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.

    Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

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    GSS dan isue Kollaborasi Computing

    dan Penelitianh

    GSS/EMS methods Web groupware

    Distance learning

    Virtual organization

    Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.