Grp 4 - Autism Final

7/30/2019 Grp 4 - Autism Final

1/39

MDJ 3272 PAEDIATRIC NURSINGAbi, a 4 y/o boy has been diagnosedwith autism. He came from a very

poor family background. The familyfind it hard to take care of himbecause of his condition.

You are required to provide his motherinformation to help her understandAbis condition regarding theetiology and child characteristics.

Discuss the existing resources/ supportservices locally to enable the familyto facilitate and promote her childspotential for development.

Group 4 members:

Nor Azia bt Othman

Nur Attiqah bt Abdul Malek

Nur Fadizlahastiana btDawid

Nur Faridah bt Husni

Nur Safira bt Asman

Philumena Kueh Jing Feng


2/39

Outline

Definition

Etiology

Childs

Characteristics

Existing resources/ supportservices in Malaysia

# My Star InternationalAcademy

# National Autism Society of

Malaysia (NASOM)# Early Autism Project (EAP)

Malaysia

# Parents' Resource for Autism(PR4A) Malaysia

# Mary Anne Joseph Special

Needs

# Hua Ming Autism Society# Sarawak Autistic Association

(SAA)

# Others: Newspaper & Website


3/39

DEFINITION


4/39

Etiology

Genetic Non Genetic

Infectiousdisease

Heavy metaltoxicity

VaccinesSeizures/Epilepsy


5/39

At least 10 genes were involved

Eg: Chromosome 7 important role indevelopment of mechanism for brain

cells communicationAutism is among the most heritable of allneurological conditions

identical twins82% chance,

fraternal twins10% chance

other siblings 2-8 % chance

(Maino, Viola, & Donati, 2009)


6/39

Possible Non-Genetic Factor

Infectious disease

One theory is that an

intestinal virus disrupts themucosa and allows

neurotoxins to enter the

bloodstream, triggering

autism.

Others: Borna virus

Herpes virus

Heavy metal toxicity

Some parents and

researchers have alleged

that heavy metal poisoning

results in symptoms similar

to those of autism.

Eg: Mercury

(Amarai & Courchesne, 2008)


7/39

Vaccines for measles, rubella

and mumps has been claimed

as a cause for autism.

This claimed is due to theautistic characteristics that

often appear at around the

same age vaccinations are

carried out.

Nevertheless, the link is

inconclusive

Increased the risk of

developing autism

These individuals had more

motor difficulties,

developmental delays &

problematic behaviors.

(Maino, Viola, & Donati, 2009)

(Amarai & Courchesne, 2008)


8/39

Characteristics

Speech, Language, andCommunication

Difficulty communicating

with speech

Indicate needs with

gestures

Difficulty understanding

Have difficulty starting or

continuing a conversation

May repeat what others say

(echolalia)

Social Interaction

Unusual or no eye contact

Show little body language orfacial expressions when

interacting

difficulty in mixing with

other children

(Brown, 2012)


9/39

Behavior

Inappropriate attachment

to objects Perform repetitive routines

Resist changes in routines

Perform repetitive

movements (such as wavinghands, rocking)

Crying tantrums-extreme

Stand-offish manner

Inappropriate laughing

No fear of real dangers.

Apparent insensitivity to

pain

Acts deaf

Enjoys spinning objects

Hyperactivity/ Passitivity

(Brown, 2012)

Impaired ability to assign meaning to sameobjects and events that others find meaningful.

(Potts & Mandleco, 2002)


10/39

(NASOM, 2012)


11/39

School

My Star InternationalAcademy

Organization/Centres

The National AutismSociety of Malaysia

(NASOM)

Mary Anne JosephSpecial Needs

Early Autism Project(EAP)

Hua Ming AutismSociety

Parents Resource for

Autism (PR4A)

Sarawak AutisticAssociation (SAA)

Existing resources/support

services in Malaysia


12/39

My Star International

Academy

Combines applied behavior analysis (ABA), Cambridge UK Curriculum andhome schooling to provide an individualized program for each child.

For children with special needs such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD),Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Global DevelopmentalDelay (GDD), Down Syndrome, Dyslexia, Cerebral Palsy (CP) and otherlearning difficulties.

Each child starts from behavioral modification and moves towards anoptimal goal of obtaining formal academic qualification

Provides 6 extra activities to enrich the child's development on a dailybasis. The activities include Computing, Music, Dance, Drama, Art andMental Arithmetic.

(My Star International Academy ,2005)


13/39

The National Autism Society of

Malaysia (NASOM)

Offering Life-Long Services to People with Autism

Non-profit, non-governmental welfare

organisation since 3rd March 1987.

Aim to provide education, help, care and

protection for people with autism and their family.

To date, NASOM provides 19 centres all over

Malaysia.

(The National Autism Society of Malaysia, 2012)


14/39

1. Assessment & Diagnosis

Runs One-Stop Service Centres where they offers services such as psychological

screening & assessment for children at risk or with developmental delay, speech

therapy, social classes & others.2. Early Intervention Program

Teach self help skills, elementary academic & learning skills & given educational

therapy to help them cope their inherent deficits & disorders.

3. Transition Program

To prepare children with autism for formal school.

4. Mainstreaming Program Provides full support for the children in and after school.

5. Pre-Vocational Program

Children above 14 years old who are not in enrolled in formal school will be

placed in a vocational training program.

6. Vocational Program

Taught on self-care skills, social skills,recreation activities & work experience.

7. Residential Program

Users are taught the skills of living in

a community.

(The National Autism Society of Malaysia, 2012)

NASOMs provided services


15/39

Program and clinic for the

treatment of children with

autism.

Provide the highestquality intensive behavioral

treatment.

Treatment philosophy is

that every child is able to

learn.

(Early Autism Project, 2011)


16/39

Services being offered:-

1. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Program

Home-based program Centre-based program

1. Parents find / hire therapists

2. Parents supply toys / materials / data

book forms3. Consultation travels to home

fortnightly

4. Consultation includes fortnightly

phone consultations

1. EAP Malaysia finds / hires therapists /

materials / data book forms

2. EAP Malaysia supplies toys / materials/ data book forms

3. Consultation takes place at centre

weekly

4. No phone consultations

2. Parent training program3. Community program

4. Workshops

(Early Autism Project, 2011)


17/39

Parents Resource for Autism

in Malaysia


18/39

About PR4A

They are parents who have children with

autism and related learning disorders.

Objective: To source for the latest and mostsuccessful methods for the treatment of

autism in order to help their children realizes

their full potential.

(Lim, 2011)


19/39

What Do They Want

To provide mutual support and information toaffected families.

To raise awareness that with effective

intervention, autism is treatable. To encourage parents make informed choices

and adopt proven therapies.

To get parents pool resources to bring intrained and qualified professionals.

To encourage networking with professionals.

(Lim, 2011)


20/39

How Do They Do It

They meet on a regular/monthly basis to shareinformation, draw on each others experiences andlend support to each other.

They organize workshops and seminars on methods

and topics that would help parents interveneeffectively.

They network online to share opinions, alert fellowparents of relevant events organized by other supportgroups and touch base with members.

They work with other organizations that advance thecauses and the rights of the learning disabledcommunity.

(Lim, 2011)


21/39

Physical development

Physical therapyOccupational therapy

Speech, Language & Communication Development

Play therapy

PECS (Picture exchange communication system)Music therapy

Behavior Development

Intensive behavioral intervention

Emotional Development

Holding therapy

Art therapy

Social stories

Social Development

(Lim, 2011)


22/39


23/39


24/39

A private organization inWangsa Maju providing

training and respite care

for special needs children

with Autism, ADD, ADHD

and other Learning &Behaviour Issues.

(MA Joseph Special Needs, 2012)


25/39

Conduct a one to onetherapy basis.

Provides hands on

training to parents

Enhance the child'sgrowth by using

educational toolsaccording to the variouschildren's needs.



26/39

This is the area for children to develop good co-ordination of

mind and body.

Colorful and quality equipments were chosen to attract the

children to use the tools with a sense of joy.



27/39

Provide education and training to autistic childrenand counseling to their parents

Conducttraining programs, seminars, workshop

rlt act for children with autism and their parents Parents are trained to work with their children to

manage behavior problem and improve learning,

social and language skills.

(Hua Ming Autism Society, 2012)


28/39

Classes

Preschool group : Preparing preschooler (aged 2-6) to go intomainstream kindergarten, primary school or special class.

( Monday to Thursday, 9.30am ~ 12.00pm or 2:00pm ~

4:30pm

with once a week half hour 1-to-1 session )

Primary group : For children (aged 7-12) who are unable to attendmainstream

school or need extra support after school.

( Monday to Thursday, 9.30am ~ 12.00pm or 2:00pm ~

4:30pm

with once a week half hour 1-to-1 session )English Class : For high function autistic children (aged 7-15) who unable

to adapt to mainstream school.

(Monday to Thursday 9.30pm~12.00pm)



29/39

Daily routine classes/activities:

Speech and communication

Self-help skill

Cognitive

Sensory integration

Physical education (grossmotor activities)

Art and craft (fine motoractivities)

Music and movement

Group play

Social skill (going out to buylunch or grocery)

Computer

Others:

organize seminars forparents once in every month,fostering communicationbetween parents andteachers, and occasionallyoutdoor activities for familyday

provide free telephone andface to face consultations.

provide free talks forkindergarten & primary

school on the topic What isautism.

invite other professionals tohold seminars or workshops.



30/39

(Moh, 2012) (Lum, 2012)


31/39

(Nettleton, 2008)

http://eDirect3.com.my/SarawakAutis

ticAssociation(SAA)


32/39

Budget 2013 TASKA OKU

Currently, there are many disabled children from low-income

families who do not receive early education due to lack of

pre-schools for disabled children (TASKA OKU).

For this, the Government will implement a pilot project forTASKA OKU in six categories of disabled children, namely

down syndrome,

autism,

blind or partially sighted, hearing and speaking disabilities,

physical disability and

learning difficulties.

(Abdul Razak, 2012)


33/39

Although there is no cure for

autism, intensive early

intervention services for childrendiagnosed with autism before

the age of 5 years may lead to a

better overall outcomes

(Hurth, Shaw, Izeman, Whaley & Rogers

as cited in Potts & Mandleco, 2002)


34/39

CONCLUSION

Work to view AUTISM as adifferent ability ratherthan a disability.

An autistic child may notbe good at eye contactor conversation, butwith their attention to

fine detail and capacityfor extraordinary focus,they could be the nextEinstein or Mozart, for

they too had autism.


35/39


36/39


37/39

Abdul Razak, M. N. (2012, September 28). Full text of the 2013

budget speech. New Straits Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-

speech-1.149226##ixzz2896j5iGI Amarai, D. & Courchesne, E. ( 2008) Causes of autism. Retrieved

September 13, 2012 from http://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htm

Brown, F. (2012). Characteristics of children with autism. Retrieved

September 12, 2012 fromhttp://www.pbs.org/parents/inclusivecommunities/autism2.html

Early Autism Project. (2011).ABA programmes. Retrieved fromhttp://autismmalaysia.com/services/aba-programmes/

Hua Ming Autism Society (2012). Retrieved fromhttp://www.autism.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=222&Itemid=1

Lim, K. C. (2011). About PR4A. Retrieved fromhttp://www.pr4a.org.my
http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htmhttp://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htmhttp://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htmhttp://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htmhttp://www.pbs.org/parents/inclusivecommunities/autism2.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/parents/inclusivecommunities/autism2.htmlhttp://www.autism.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=222&Itemid=1http://www.autism.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=222&Itemid=1http://www.autism.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=222&Itemid=1http://www.pr4a.org.my/http://www.pr4a.org.my/http://www.pr4a.org.my/http://www.autism.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=222&Itemid=1http://www.autism.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=222&Itemid=1http://www.pbs.org/parents/inclusivecommunities/autism2.htmlhttp://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htmhttp://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htmhttp://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htmhttp://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htmhttp://www.autism-help.org/autism-causes.htmhttp://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226http://www.nst.com.my/2013budget/full-text-of-the-2013-budget-speech-1.149226


38/39

Lum, M. (2012). Autism in our lives. Retrieved from

http://thestar.com.my/health/story.asp?file=/2012/1/1

/health/10163830&sec=health MA Joseph Special Needs (2012). What do we do?.

Retrieved from www.myautisticmalaysia.com

Maino, D. M., Viola, S.G., & Donati, R. (2009). Theetiology of autism [Electronic version]. Optometry &Vision Development, 40(3), 150 156.

My Star International Academy (2005). About us.Retrieved fromhttp://www.mystarinternational.com/index.html

Moh, J. (2012). 13 year old autistic lad has big dreams.Retrieved fromhttp://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/
http://thestar.com.my/health/story.asp?file=/2012/1/1/health/10163830&sec=healthhttp://thestar.com.my/health/story.asp?file=/2012/1/1/health/10163830&sec=healthhttp://thestar.com.my/health/story.asp?file=/2012/1/1/health/10163830&sec=healthhttp://www.myautisticmalaysia.com/http://www.myautisticmalaysia.com/http://www.mystarinternational.com/index.htmlhttp://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/11/13-year-old-autistic-lad-has-big-dreams/http://www.mystarinternational.com/index.htmlhttp://www.myautisticmalaysia.com/http://thestar.com.my/health/story.asp?file=/2012/1/1/health/10163830&sec=healthhttp://thestar.com.my/health/story.asp?file=/2012/1/1/health/10163830&sec=health


39/39

Nettleton, S. (2008). Pilot effort provides an early warning

system for autistic children in Malaysia. Retrieved fromhttp://www.unicef.org/malaysia/education_4190.html

Potts, N. L. & Mandleco, B.L. (2002). Paediatric Nursing:Caring for children and their families. United States ofAmerica: Delmar.

The National Autism Society of Malaysia. (2012).About

NASOM. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nasom.com.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=54&lang=en

The National Autism Society of Malaysia (NASOM) [2012].What is autism. Retrieved September 12, 2012 from

http://www.nasom.com.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=53&lang=en
http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/education_4190.htmlhttp://www.nasom.com.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=53&lang=enhttp://www.nasom.com.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=53&lang=enhttp://www.nasom.com.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=53&lang=enhttp://www.nasom.com.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=53&lang=enhttp://www.unicef.org/malaysia/education_4190.html

Documents

Grp 4 - Autism Final