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8/9/2019 GSM Fundamentals.ppt
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Wireless Curriculum Development SectionWireless Curriculum Development Section
ISSUEISSUE 3.23.2
GSM FundamentalsGSM Fundamentals
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No Spreading without Permission.
Contents
Basic Concepts of Cellular Moile S!stem
Service "rea and #umer $lannin%
GSM #et&or' Components
C(annels on )(e "ir Interface
*adio )ec(nolo%ies
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Objectives
#ame t(e t&o different cell t!pes
and understand &(! and &(en
eac( &ould e used. Get t(e concept of fre+uenc!
reuse. #ame t(e fre+uenc! spectrum
used in GSM
,n completion of t(is section
!ou &ill e ale to-
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CELL
Omni
1
120degree
23
,mni/Directional Cells
20 De%ree Sectors
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Cell concept
HighwayHighway
TownTownSuburbSuburb
RuralRural
• Fle1ile net&or' plannin% ased on location natureFle1ile net&or' plannin% ased on location nature
• Smoot( andover no service de%radation &(ile suscrier moves4Smoot( andover no service de%radation &(ile suscrier moves4
• Fre+uenc! reuse same %roup of fre+uencies used in different cells4Fre+uenc! reuse same %roup of fre+uencies used in different cells4
SignalSignal
strengthstrength
distancedistance
• Cell - asic service area t(at can e efficientl! mana%ed ! t(e
net&or'
• ,ne ase station e+uipment to s&itc(5 transmit and receive calls4
per cell for comm. et&een MS and t(e net&or'
• Cell oundaries are defined ! BS si%nal stren%t(
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26 M7
Uplin' MS to BS4
26 M7
Do&nlin' BS to MS4
f
200 87
96 M7:90 M7
;;
9<0 M7936 M7
=6 M7 duple1 spacin%
Frequency Spectrum GSM 9
;
;
For DCS:00- uplin' from >0 to >:6M75 do&nlin' is from :06 to
::0M7 >6M(7 eac( ? 3>= *F carriers . 96M7 duple1 spacin%.
t
f
200 87
;
;
200 87 1 26 @ 26 M7
) D M
" f r a
m e @ 0 . 6
> > m s 1
: ) S
;
;96
M7
:90 M7
!hysical channels
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Contents
Basic Concepts of Cellular Moile S!stem
Service "rea and #umer $lannin%
GSM #et&or' Components
C(annels on )(e "ir Interface
*adio )ec(nolo%ies
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Understand t(e structure of multiframes
On completion of this sectionyou will be able to:
Objectives
#ame t(e = most commonl! used c(annelcominations
Identif! t(e t!pes of p(!sical c(annels
and lo%ical c(annels
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Logical channels
Logical ChannelsLogical Channels
CC"CC"#C"#C" $%#%$%#%S!EEC"S!EEC"
#C"&"' #C"&"'
()bps()bps
#C"&F' #C"&F'
*+)bps*+)bps ,-.&.-/)bps,-.&.-/)bps00F'1"'2F'1"'2 9-3)bps9-3)bps F' F'
Logical tra44ic channels
logical channels consist o4 the in4ormation carried over the physical channel-logical channels consist o4 the in4ormation carried over the physical channel-
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Logical control channels
CC"CC"
5C"5C"$C"$C" CCC"CCC"
SC"SC"
FCC"FCC"!C"!C" %GC"%GC" '%C"'%C"S$CC"S$CC"
5CC"5CC"
•$o&er Control indicator •cell ID 5 A"I 5 $AM# code•Aist of nei%(orin% cells
S%CC"S%CC"
Power & timing control RSSI & link quality
F%CC"F%CC"
Auth. and HO .
6 Frequency6correction channel7 used 4or MS 4requency correction-6 Frequency6correction channel7 used 4or MS 4requency correction-
6 Synchroni8ation channel7 used 4or MS 4rame synchroni8ation and 5S6 Synchroni8ation channel7 used 4or MS 4rame synchroni8ation and 5S
identi4ication-identi4ication-
5roadcast control channel7 used to send cell in4ormation-5roadcast control channel7 used to send cell in4ormation--'andom access channel7 4or dedicated channels assignment request'andom access channel7 4or dedicated channels assignment request
-%ccess grant channel7 used to assign dedicated control channels 4or the MS%ccess grant channel7 used to assign dedicated control channels 4or the MS
-!aging channel used to page 0alert2 MS!aging channel used to page 0alert2 MS-Standalone dedicated channel Supports the trans4er o4 data during connectionStandalone dedicated channel Supports the trans4er o4 data during connection
setupsetup
-Slo:&Fast associated control channels carrying in4ormation associated :ith theSlo:&Fast associated control channels carrying in4ormation associated :ith the
process being carried out on either the S$CC" or the #C"-process being carried out on either the S$CC" or the #C"-
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#imeslots and #$M% Frames
Higher Capacity Cell / more than * 'F carriermore than * 'F carrier
Broadcast )rafficDedicated
)raffic00 1 2 3 ! " #
00 1 2 3 ! " #
$ow Capacity Cell / * 'F carrier* 'F carrier
Comined )raffic
0 1 2 3 ! " #
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GSM Logical Channel
C(annel Comination
• Main BC comination BCC CCC
• DC comination SDCC: S"CC:• Comined C(annel Comination BCC CCC
SDCC= S"CC=
• )C comination )C:?F"CC S"CC
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Structure o4 Logical Channel Combination
Frame6Main 5CC"
multi/frame 6)DM" Frames4 236.3:ms Do&nlin'
Group Group Group2
Group35=
same as
Group24
Grpup6
C(annel F S B= C= F S C= C= ;; F S C= C= I
Frame
#umer 0 2/6 </9 0 2/6 </9 20/39 =0 = =2/=6 =</=9 60
multi/frame 6)DM" Frames4 236.3:ms Uplin'
C(annel * * * * * * * * * * * * * *;;* * * * *
Frame
#umer 0 2 3 = 6 < > : 9 0 2 3/=< => =: =9 60
F-FCC S-SC B-BCC C-CCC I-IDAE *-*"C
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Structure o4 Logical Channel Combination
Frame6Main S$CC"
multi/frame 6)DM" Frames4 236.3:ms Do&nlin'
C(annel D0= D= D2= D3= D== D6= D<= D>= "0= "= "2= "3= I I I
C(annel D0= D= D2= D3= D== D6= D<= D>= "== "6= "<= ">= I I I
Frame#umer
0/3 =/> :/ 2/6 </9 20/23 2=/2> 2:/3 32/36 3</39 =0/=3 ==/=> =: =9 60
multi/frame 6)DM" Frames4 236.3:ms Uplin'
C(annel"6
="<= ">= I I I D0=
D
=D2= D3= D== D6= D<= D>= "0=
C(annel"
="2= "3= I I I D0=
D
=D2= D3= D== D6= D<= D>= "==
Frame
#umer 0/3 =/> :/ 2 3 =
6/
:
9/
2223/2<
2>/
303/3= 36/3: 39/=2 =3/=< =>/60
F-FCC S-SC B-BCC C-CCC I-IDAE *-*"C
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Structure o4 Logical Channel Combination
Frame6Combined 5CC" multi/frame 6)DM" Frames4 236.3:ms Do&nlin'
Group Group Group2 Group3 Group= Grpup6
C(annel F SB
=
C
=F S
C
=
C
=F S
D0
=
D
=F S
D2
=
D3
=F S
"0
=
"
=I
C(annel F SB
=
C
=F S
C
=
C
=F S
D0
=
D
=F S
D2
=
D3
=F S
"2
=
"3
=I
Frame
#umer 0 2/6 </9 0
2/
6
</
920 2
22/
26
2</
2930 3
32/
36
3</
39=0 =
=2/
=6
=</
=960
multi/frame 6)DM" Frames4 236.3:ms Uplin'
C(annel D3= * * "2= "3= *;;* D0= D= * * D2=
C(annel D0= * * "0= "= *;;* D0= D= * * D2=
Frame
#umer 0/3 = 6 </9 0/3 =/3< 3>/=0 =/== =6 =< =>/60
F-FCC S-SC B-BCC C-CCC I-IDAE *-*"C
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Structure o4 Logical Channel Combination
Frame6#C"
)-)C I-IDAE "-S"CC
multi/frame 2<)DM" Frames4 20ms
C(annel ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ).";) ) ) ) ) I
Frame #umer 0 2 3 = 6 < > : 9 0/2-
202 22 23 2= 26
.)(e F"CC is not s(o&ed in t(e dia%ram as it does not receive its o&n
time allocation. )(e F"CC steals a time period from t(e )C &(en
re+uired.
.)(e 3t( frame is used ! t(e S"CC &(ic( carriers lin' control
information to and from t(e moile and B)S.
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Frames hierarchy
#he hyper 4rame lasts 4or over + hours7 a4ter :hich ciphering and F" algorithms are restarted-#he hyper 4rame lasts 4or over + hours7 a4ter :hich ciphering and F" algorithms are restarted-
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Service %rea
$AM# service area
......
S!stem area
$AM# service area
MSC service area...
Aocation area...
Base station area...
Radio cell
......
......
MSC service area...
Aocation area...
Base station area...
Radio cell
$AM# service area
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L%;
Aocation "rea Identification
)(e A"I is t(e international code for a location area.
MCC: Moile Countr! Code, It consists of 3 di%its .
For e1ample- )(e MCC of C(ina is =<0
M#C: Moile #et&or' Code, It consists of 2 di%its . For e1ample- )(e M#C of C(ina Moile is 00
A"C :
Aocation "rea Code , It is a t&o !tes BCD
code(e14.
)(e value 0000 and FFFF is invalid.
For e1ample- =<0/00/00
MCC M#C A"C
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CG;
)(e CGI is a uni+ue international identification for a cell
)(e format is A"ICI
A"I- Aocation "rea Identification
CI : Cell Identit!. )(is code uses t&o !tes BCD
code(e14 to identif! t(e radio cells &it(in an A"I.
For e1ample - =<0/00/00/000
CGI- Cell Gloal Identification
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CC :
Countr! Code. For e1ample- )(e CC of C(ina is
:<.#DC: #ational Destination Code. For e1ample- )(e #DC of
C(ina )elecom is 395 3:5 3>5 3<5 36.
S#:
Suscrier #umer. Format-0 2 3 "BCD
E1ample- :</39/0<<</23=
MS;S$<
CC #DC S#
#ational si%nificant4
Moile numer
Moile station international
ISD# numer
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MCC: Moile Countr! Code, It consists of 3 di%its . For e1ample- )(e MCC of C(ina is =<0。M#C: Moile #et&or' Code, It consists of 2 di%its . For e1ample- )(e M#C of C(ina )elecom is 00。MSI# : Moile Suscrier Identification #umer. 23 S
"BCDEF For e1ample- <<</9>>>00#MSI: #ational Moile Suscrier Identification , M#C and MSI#
form it to%et(er.
For E1ample of IMSI - =<0/00/<<</9>>>00
#ot more t(an 6 di%its
3 di%its 2 di%its
IMSI
MCC M#C MSI#
#MSI
;MS;
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)(e )MSI is assi%ned onl! after successful
suscrier aut(entication. )MSI is used to ensure t(at t(e identit! of t(e
moile suscrier on t(e air interface is 'ept
secret. )(e )MSI consists of = !tes : E numers4
and determined ! t(e telecom operator.
#MS;
)MSI- )emporar! Moile Suscrier Identification4
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;ME;
)"C F"C S#* S$
IMEI
)"C : )!pe approval code. It is administered ! t(e t!pe
approval center.
F"C : Final asseml! code.It is administered ! t(e
manufacturer.
S#* : Serial numer.It is issued ! t(e manufacturer of t(e
MS.
S$: #ot used.
IMEI- International Moile Station E+uipment Identification
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Contents
Basic Concepts of Cellular Moile S!stem
Service "rea and #umer $lannin%
GSM #et&or' Components
C(annels on )(e "ir Interface
*adio )ec(nolo%ies
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PSTNPSTN
OtherOther
GSMGSM
OMCOMC
GSM net:or) architecture
!ermanent data!ermanent data
-;MS;;MS;
-Suppl- service in4o -Suppl- service in4o -
-%uthentication )ey%uthentication )ey
-'oaming 1 billing in4o'oaming 1 billing in4o
#emporary data#emporary data
6MSC&=L' address6MSC&=L' address
#emporary data#emporary data
6copy o4 most o4 data 4or6copy o4 most o4 data 4or
active subscribers in =L'active subscribers in =L'
coveragecoverage
6Mobile status6Mobile status
6L%;6L%;
6#MS;6#MS;
Mobile Station 6 Mobile Equipment contains ;ME; 4or ME identi4icationMobile Station 6 Mobile Equipment contains ;ME; 4or ME identi4ication
6 Subscriber ;dentity module contains ;MS;7#MS;7L%;7%uth- )ey6 Subscriber ;dentity module contains ;MS;7#MS;7L%;7%uth- )ey
5ase #ransceiver Station the 4irst access point 4or mobile stations to access the5ase #ransceiver Station the 4irst access point 4or mobile stations to access the
net:or)- #he 5#S is a radio equipment 0transceivers 1 antennas2 needed to servenet:or)- #he 5#S is a radio equipment 0transceivers 1 antennas2 needed to serve
each cell in the net:or)-each cell in the net:or)-
5ase Station Controller controls one or more 5#Ss and inter4aces 5SS to <SS- ;t is a5ase Station Controller controls one or more 5#Ss and inter4aces 5SS to <SS- ;t is a
high capacity s:itch that provides handover7 cell con4iguration data-high capacity s:itch that provides handover7 cell con4iguration data-
Mobile S:itching Center controls one or more 5SCs and manages s:itchingMobile S:itching Center controls one or more 5SCs and manages s:itching
>hite list >hite list
=alid mobiles=alid mobiles
5lac) list 5lac) list
Stolen or 4orbiddenStolen or 4orbidden
Gray list Gray list
Faulty mobilesFaulty mobiles
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Mobile to Landline call
MS BSS MSC HA* A* C"##EA *EUES) J*"CK
J"GCKDCC "SSIG#
JSDCCK
SIG#"AI#G AI#8
ES)"BAISED
*E. F,* SE*HICE C*CC
"U)E#)IC")I,#
SE) Cip(er M,DE
SE)/U$
JSDCCK
Call Info
EUI$. ID *E.
C,M$AE)E C"AA
C"AA $*,CEEDI#GJSDCCK
$S)#
SF,C
services "ut(.
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Contents
Basic Concepts of Cellular Moile S!stem
Service "rea and #umer $lannin%
GSM #et&or' Components
C(annels on )(e "ir Interface
*adio )ec(nolo%ies
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,n completion of t(is section !ou&ill e ale to 'no& aout t(efollo&in% radio tec(nolo%ies -
H"D5 D)5 D*
Diversit!
Fre+uenc! oppin%
Objectives
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5attery Li4e
$o&er Control
+oice %cti,ity -etection . +%-
-iscontinuous ransmission . -
-iscontinuous &eception . -&
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=%$ 1 $#B
Encodin% t(e speec(
silences at a rate of
600 it?s rat(er
t(an t(e full
38?s.
If t(e moile does
not transmit durin%
Lsilence t(ere is areduction in t(e
overall po&er
output re+uirement
Wit(out D)
Wit( D)
Comfort
#oise
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$'B
$C is structured so t(at MS 'no&s &(en it needs to c(ec' for a
pa%in% si%nal. In t(e time et&een pa%in% si%nals5 t(e moile
can %o into sleep mode5 &(en almost no po&er is used.
$ $ $ $ $ $ BCC $ $
BCC Multiframe $ @ $a%in% C(annel
MS Bein%pa%ed
MS inlisten mode
MS receive S!stem
information
MS inlisten mode
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$iversity
W(en diversit! is implemented
t&o antennas are situated at
t(e receiver. )(ese antennas
are placed several
&avelen%t(s apart to ensure
minimum correlation et&een
t(e t&o receive pat(s.
)(e t&o si%nals are t(en
comined5 t(is ensures t(at a
lo& si%nal stren%t( is less li'el!
to occur.
Compare or
add si%nals
*esultant Si%nal
"ppro1. 0
&avelen%t(s
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Frequency "opping
S!nt(esi7er oppin%-eac(
timeslot on a %iven
transceiver can transmit
at a different fre+uenc!
Baseand oppin%- eac(
transceiver sta!s at t(esame fre+uenc! and t(e
data is s&itc(ed to t(e
appropriate transceiver.
Eac( time t(e B)S or moile transmits a urst5 it
does so on a different *F carrier fre+uenc!.
time
fre+uenc!
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f f f
Subscriber ;dentity Module ? S;M