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B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN
GIO TRNH M UN
SA CHA MY P LA M S: M 06
NGH: SA CHA MY NNG NGHIP
Trnh : S cp ngh
1
TUYN B BN QUYN:
Ti liu ny thuc loi sch gio trnh nn cc ngun thng tin c th c
php dng nguyn bn hoc trch dng cho cc mc ch v o to v tham
kho.
Mi mc ch khc mang tnh lch lc hoc s dng vi mc ch kinh
doanh thiu lnh mnh s b nghim cm.
M TI LIU: M06
2
LI GII THIU
ao tao ngh cho lao ng nng thn l s nghip ca ng, Nh nc,
ca cc cp, cc ngnh v x hi nhm nng cao cht lng lao ng nng thn ,
ap ng yu cu cng nghip hoa , hin ai hoa nng nghip , nng thn.
Trong nhng nm qua qu trnh p dng c gii ha trong sn xut nng
nghip pht trin mt s khu trong sn xut nng nghip. i a s ngi
s dng my mc khng qua lp o to cho nn trong qu trnh s dng gp rt
nhiu kh khn trong vn hnh, chm sc sa cha. gii quyt nhng kh
khn trong vic p dng c gii ha trong nng nghip. Chng ti bin son
Gio trnh Sa cha my lm t phc v cho ngi lao ng s dng Lin
hp my(LHM) cy t, LHM phay t, LHM bnh lng
Chng trnh o to ngh Sa cha my nng nghip cng vi b gio
trnh c bin son tch hp nhng kin thc, k nng cn c ca ngh,
cp nht nhng tin b ca khoa hc k thut v thc t sa cha cc my lm
t ti cc a phng trong c nc, do c th coi l cm nang cho ngi ,
ang s dng my nng nghip
B gio trnh gm 6 quyn:
1- Gio trnh m un Bo dng ng c t trong
2- Gio trnh m un Bo dng ng c in
3- Gio trnh m un Sa cha my lm t
4- Gio trnh m un Sa cha my bm nc li tm
5- Gio trnh m un Sa cha my phun thuc tr su
6- Gio trnh m un Sa cha my p la
hon thin b gio trnh ny chng ti nhn c s ch o, hng
dn ca V T chc Cn b B Nng nghip v PTNT; Tng cc dy ngh -
B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi. S hp tc, gip ca Vin c in
qun l sau thu hoch. ng thi chng ti cng nhn c cc kin ng gp
ca cc nh khoa hc, cn b k thut ca cc Vin, Trng, c s s dng my
nng nghip, Ban Gim Hiu v cc thy c gio Trng Cao ng ngh C kh
3
nng nghip. Chng ti xin c gi li cm n n V T chc cn b B
Nng nghip v PTNT, Tng cc dy ngh, Ban lnh o cc Vin, Trng, cc
c s sn xut, cc nh khoa hc, cc cn b k thut, cc thy c gio tham
gia ng gp nhiu kin qu bu, to iu kin thun li hon thnh b
gio trnh ny.
B gio trnh l c s cho cc gio vin son bi ging ging dy, l ti
liu nghin cu v hc tp ca hc vin hc ngh Sa cha my nng nghip
Cc thng tin trong b gio trnh c gi tr hng dn gio vin thit k v t
chc ging dy cc m un mt cch hp l. Gio vin c th vn dng cho ph
hp vi iu kin v bi cnh thc t trong qu trnh dy hc.
Gio trnh Sa cha my p la c xy dng da trn c s chng
trnh m un my p la, c phn ra lm cc bi c th nh sau:
Bi 1: Kim tra my p la
Bi 2: Sa cha my p la
Bi 3: Vn hnh my p la
Cc bi c c vit ngn gn cp n phn kin thc c bn v k
nng nhm hnh thnh cc nng lc thc hin cho ngi lao ng trong cng
vic sa cha bo dng my lm t
Trong qu trnh bin son chc chn khng trnh khi nhng sai st, chng
ti mong nhn c nhiu kin ng gp ca cc nh khoa hc, cc cn b k
thut, cc ng nghip gio trnh hon thin hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
Tham gia bin son
1. ng: Nguyn Vn An Ch bin
2. ng: Hong Ngc Thnh Thnh vin
3. ng Phm Vn c Thnh vin
4. ng Phm T Nh Thnh vin
5. ng V Quang Huy Thnh vin
6. ng Nguyn nhThanh Thnh vin
4
MC LC
MC TRANG
1. Li gii thiu .. 2
2. Mc lc 4
3. Cc thut ng ... 5
4. M un sa cha my bm nc......................................... 6
5. Bi 1: Kim tra my p la 6
6. Bi 2: Sa cha my my p la............... 22
7. Bi 3: Vn hnh v iu chnh my p la....... 27
8. Hng dn ging dy ........................................................... 35
9. Danh sch ban ch nhim xy dng chng trnh .......... ... 40
10. Danh sch hi ng nghim thu chng trnh.. ................. 41
5
CC THUT NG CHUYN MN, CH VIT TT
STT vit c hiu l
1. LHM Lin hp my
2. Bn cp liu V tr t la a vo bung p
3. Trng p Thit b trong bung p cng vi np, mng lm tch
ht thc ra khi bng la
4. Np trng Thit b trong bung p cng vi trng p, mng lm
tch ht thc ra khi bng la
5. Mng trng Thit b trong bung p cng vi np,trng lm tch ht
thc ra khi bng la
6. Sng; Thit b loi b rm st v cho thc sch i qua
6
M UN
SA CHA MY P LA
M m un 06
Gii thiu m un:
M un Sa cha my p la l m un chuyn mn trong chng trnh
o to ngh Sa cha my nng nghip. M un trang b cho ngi hc nhng
hiu bit v s cu to v nguyn l hot ng cc my p la ng thi
hnh thnh cc quy trnh, k nng sa cha cc b phn lm vic my p la
Sau khi hc xong m un ny ngi hc c kh nng:
- Trnh by c s cu to, hot ng ca my p la dc trc
- Trnh by c trnh t cc bc sa cha my p la dc trc
- Sa cha c cc h hng thng thng cc my p la dc trc
- Vn hnh c cc lin hp my v iu chnh ng cc yu cu k thut.
- C tinh thn trch nhim trong sa cha bo qun my mc.
Kt thc m un mi hc vin s c nh gi k nng hon thin mt sn
phm sa cha mt thit my c th
Bi 1: Kim tra my p la
Mc tiu:
Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng
- Trnh by c s cu to, nguyn l lm vic my p la
- Kim tra nh gi ng tnh trng k thut my p la
- Thc hin tt cng tc an ton v v sinh cng nghip
A. Ni dung
1. Khi qut chung v my my p la
7
1.1. Cng dng, phn loi
Hin nay my p la theo nguyn l dc trc c s dng rng di
trong c nc. Tu c im, tp qun thu hoch ca tng vng, tng khu vc
c nhng mu my c kch thc thch hp (min Trung v min Bc my
ph bin c kch thc t 1,2-1,6 m). Min Nam my c kch thc ph bin t
1,6- 2,2 m). Nhiu c s sn sut a ra nhng mu my tng i hon
thin p ng c yu cu thu hoch la ca ngi nng dn, m bo c
nng sut v cht lng cao nh mu my Tn Tin (Nam H ); Mu my ca
c kh Cu Long( Vnh Long ) ... Nhng mu my ny ang c s dung rng
ri trong c nc .
a. Cng dng
My p la dng p la
thu hoch p tch, phn ly
lm sch thc ra
khi bng la
Hnh 1.1- My p la
b. Phn loi
Phn lm 2 loi
- Loi my p la trng p
rng bn mng thanh
8
Hnh 1.2- My p la rng bn
- Loi my p la trng p
rng trn mng trn
Hnh 1.3- My p la rng trn
1.2. Cu to, nguyn l hot ng my p la
a. Cu to
Hnh 1.4- S cu to my p la
1- Bn cp liu;
2- Trng p;
3- Np trng;
4- Mng trng;
5- Ca ra;
6- Sng;
7- ng c;
8- Qut thi;
9- Ca hng sn phm;
10- Bnh xe;
11- Cng ko
9
My p la dc trc ang c s dng ph bin nc ta hin nay u c
nhng b phn ging nhau, ch khc kch thc, dng rng trng (rng bn
hoc rng trn) v vt liu ch to. Cu to ca mt my p la hng trc
gm hai b phn lm vic ch yu l: B phn p phn ly ht ra khi rm v b
phn sng qut lm sch thc.
- B phn p phn ly gm trng p, rng p, mng trng, np trng. Cc mu
my c thit k c hai loi:
+ B phn p phn ly dc trc trng rng trn, np trng c gn dn, mng
trng loi mng thanh (hnh 5.13). Trn trc trng c lp c nh 3 mt bch,
6 thanh rng bng thp ng 30 bt cht v cch u nhau trn bch, pha cui
hn cc cnh ht rm. Rng trng bng thp trn 12 c b tr thnh ng
xon dc trc trng. Mng trng gm cc cung mng v thanh mng c khoan
cc l cch u nhau c lng thp 4 qua , thng gc bao ca mng trng
khong 2700. Np trng lm bng thp tm bao ngoi trng p phn na trn,
mt trong ca np trng hn cc cung dn hng la, cng vi mng trng v
trng p to thnh bung p.
+ B phn p phn ly dc trc trng rng bn, np trng trn, mng trng loi
mng trn (hnh 5.14).
Trn trc trng c lp c nh 2 mt bch, ng thp rng hnh tr c hn c
nh vo hai mt bch . Trn mt ng hn cc chn bt rng v cc cnh
ht rm. Rng trng bng thp dy 6 - 8 mm, rng 45 - 50mm c b tr thnh
ng xon dc trc trng. So vi mt tr trng, rng c b tr c 3 gc
nghing a, ,?.
10
Hnh 1.5-. B phn p phn ly dc trc trng rng trn
1- Np trng; 2- Gn dn hng; 3- Mng trng; 4- Trng p
a: Nghing v pha sau so vi chiu quay ca trng, c to thnh bi bn knh
t tm ko di vi b mt lm vic ca rng, gi l gc hng tm. Gc ny c
tc dng lm cho rm d thot ra khi rng khng b qun theo trng.
: Gc nghing ti chn rng c to thnh bi hng ng xon ca rng v
ng sinh ca bao trng, gi l gc tut. Gc ny c tc dng chuyn rm dc
theo trc trng trong bung p tch ht ra khi bng v phn ly ht qua mng,
v vy m loi trng ny khng cn b tr gn dn hng trn np trng.
?: Gc nghing theo chiu la i trong bung p, c to thnh bi mp lm
vic ca rng vi mt phng cha ng xon i qua chn rng. Gc ny c tc
dng lm tng kh nng vt ti ca my v gi l gc ti.
Mng trng gm cc cung trn bng thp dt c khoan cc l cch u nhau
c lng thp 8 - 12 qua , thng gc bao ca mng trng khong 1800-
3600. Np trng lm bng thp tm bao ngoi trng p phn na trn, mt
trong ca np trng trn, bn ngoi hn cc ai tng cng cho cng.
11
Hnh 1.6. B phn p phn ly dc trc trng rng bn
1- Np trng; 2- Trng p; 3- Mng trng
- B phn sng qut lm sch gm sng v qut:
+ Sng gm mt khung cng, hai thnh bn bng tn tm, pha trong bt cc mt
sng, pha di l tm tn hng thc sch ra ngoi. Mt sng phng c hai
loi: l trn v li an, trong loi l trn c dng ph bin. S lng
sng c t 1-3 lp, ng knh l sng trn ln hn sng di. Ton b sng
c treo ln khung my bng 4 thanh chng c khp quay hoc thanh n hi,
c ni bng cc bi (bc n), do khi sng chuyn ng to cho ht thc
trn sng va chuyn ng tnh tin, va nhy trn mt sng lm tng kh nng
phn ly ht.
+ Qut lm sch l loi qut dc trc, s cnh t 3 - 6 cnh, cc cnh c th iu
chnh c gc tng gim lng gi.
My c lp trn 2, 3 hoc 4 bnh xe c cng ko v t hnh.
b. Nguyn l hot ng
12
Hnh 1.7- S hot ng my p la
Khi my hot ng, trng p (2) quay nh b phn truyn ng ai t ng c (7),
la t bn cp liu (1) a vo trng p ca cung cp; cc rng trng v la vo
13
khe mng, ko dn lp la qua khe h trng mng; di tc ng ca cc gn dn
hng trn np trng (i vi trng rng trn), rng trng (i vi trng rng bn)
lp lu dch chuyn dc trc t ca cung cp n ca ra. Trong qu trnh chuyn
ng c s ch xt gia la vi la, gia la vi mng trng (4), gia la vi rng
p lm cho ht c tch khi gi la. Sau khi c tch ra khi gi la, ht s
phn ly qua mng trng (4) ri xung sng (6). Khi la tip tc di chuyn dc trc
trng v ht tip tc c tch ra khi gi la, n cui trng p, rm s c
cnh qut ht ra ngoi theo ca ra (5). Sn phm sau khi p gm: ht chc, ht lp,
ht lng, l , gi la gy, rm vn ri xung mt sng (6). Ht chc v mt phn
ht lp lt qua l sng. Cn l , gi la gy, rm vn trn mt sng. Nh tc dng
ca sng lc (6) v qut thi (8) ht chc nng ri xung mng hng sn phm (9)
cn li hn hp gm ht lng lp, gi la, rm vn c thi ra ngoi.
Hnh 1.8- Hnh nh my p la hot ng
c. c tnh k thut mt s my p la
* My p la ph bin vng ng bng Bc b
T
T c im k thut
Tn my
LG -
1,5
LH -
0,8
Nng
Lng
Nht
Tn
Tn
Vit
1 Trng p
14
T
T c im k thut
Tn my
LG -
1,5
LH -
0,8
Nng
Lng
Nht
Tn
Tn
Vit
Loi trng Rng trn Rng bn
Chiu di trng, mm 1000 900 1380 1580 1980
ng knh nh
rng, mm
450 400 490 500 500
Chiu cao rng, mm 50 50 120 122 122
Chiu rng rng, mm 12 12 45 50 50
Tng s rng, chic 60 60 12 15 18
Khong cch vt
rng, mm
25 25 100 110 110
2
Mng trng
Loi mng Mng thanh Mng trn
Gc bao mng trng,
180 180 250 240 330
Kch thc l mng,
mm
15 x 20 15 x 20 10 11 11
Chiu di mng, mm 800 750 1200 1390 1780
Khe h mng-trng,
mm
25 25 20 22 24
3
Np trng
Loi np C gn dn Trn
Chiu di np, mm 1020 920 1400 1600 2000
Khe h np-trng,
mm
40 40 35 36 38
Kch thc ca vo,
mm
300 300 290 x 210 300 x
220
310
x220
15
T
T c im k thut
Tn my
LG -
1,5
LH -
0,8
Nng
Lng
Nht
Tn
Tn
Vit
Kch thc ca ra,
mm
200 150 180 x 300 190 x
410
200
x410
4
Sng qut lm sch
Loi sng Sng phng t l
Loi qut
Qut
thi ly
tm
Qut thi dc trc
5
Ngun ng lc
Cng sut ng c,
m lc
12 8 15 15 18
S vng quay, vg/ph 2200 2200 2200 2300 2300
6
Thng s k thut
Vng quay trng p,
vg/ph
900 950 910 910 900
Vn tc u rng, m/s 19 19 22 23 23
Nng sut my p,
tn/h
1,0 -
1,5
0,8 - 1,0 1,0 - 1,5 1,5 -
1,8
1,8 -
2,0
* My p la ph bin vng ng bng Nam B v min Trung
TT c im k thut
Tn my
ML-
600
i hc
NL Hu
Vit
Trung
Sc
Trng
Ba o
An
Giang
Phc
Li
Cn Th
Tn
Thnh
Cn Th
16
TT c im k thut
Tn my
ML-
600
i hc
NL Hu
Vit
Trung
Sc
Trng
Ba o
An
Giang
Phc
Li
Cn Th
Tn
Thnh
Cn Th
1
Trng p
Loi trng Rng bn
Chiu di trng, mm 1600 1360 2370 1700 1760
ng knh nh
rng, mm 600 390 540 450 520
Chiu cao rng, mm 90 180 150 170
Chiu rng rng, mm 40 50 50 50 45
Tng s rng, chic 14 17 15 16
Khong cch v
rng, mm 70 -100 80 -120 80 -150 80 -150
S u mi xon 3 3 3 3
2
Mng trng
Loi mng Mng
thanh Mng trn
Gc bao mng trng,
210 360 225 225
Kch thc l mng,
mm 20 x 180
25 x
260 20 x 170 20 x 190
Chiu di mng, mm 1350 2180 1660 1650
Khe h mng -
trng, mm 24 20-30 25-30 20-30 20-30
Chiu cao vch
ngn, mm 50 150 80 80
17
TT c im k thut
Tn my
ML-
600
i hc
NL Hu
Vit
Trung
Sc
Trng
Ba o
An
Giang
Phc
Li
Cn Th
Tn
Thnh
Cn Th
3
Np trng
Loi np Np trn
Chiu di np, mm 1550 2600 1710 1810
Khe h np-trng,
mm 90 -100 80 -100 100 140
Kch thc ca vo,
mm
340 x
220
300 x
450
370 x
230
370 x
290
Kch thc ca ra,
mm
210 x
170
200 x
300
200 x
400
250 x
330
4
Sng qut lm sch
Loi sng Sng phng c l
Loi qut Qut thi dc trc
5
Ngun ng lc
Cng sut ng c,
m lc 15 10 20 12 12
S vng quay, vg/ph 2200 2200 2200 2000 2000
6
Thng s k thut
Vng quay trng
p, vg/ph 500 500 500 500
Vn tc u rng,
m/s 13 20 18 18
18
TT c im k thut
Tn my
ML-
600
i hc
NL Hu
Vit
Trung
Sc
Trng
Ba o
An
Giang
Phc
Li
Cn Th
Tn
Thnh
Cn Th
Nng sut my p,
tn/h 1,5 0,8 - 1,2 1,6 1,2 1,2
2. Kim tra tnh trng my p la
2.1. Kim tra mng p, mng sng
Ni dung cng vic Hnh nh Yu cu k
thut
1. Kim tra mng p
- M lp hng my p,
quan st cc mng trng
p
- Kim tra cc thanh
thp mng
- Kim tra bt cht
mng trng vo khung
- Kim tra khe h gia
mng vi trng
- s lng
- Lin kt chc
chn
- Khe h nh
rng p 15-
20cm
19
2. Kim tra sng
- Kim tra l sng
- Kim tra bt cht sng
vi gi lc sng
- Mt l sng
trn u
khng b
thng, rch
- Lin kt chc
chn
2.2. Kim tra trng p
Ni dung cng vic Hnh nh Yu cu k
thut
1. Kim tra trng p
- M lp hng my
p, quan st trng p
- Kim tra trng p
Tho dy curoa quya
trng p
- Kim tra bt cht
trng vo khung
- Kim tra tnh trng
rng p
2. Kim tra np trng
- Quan st nhn bit
np trng
- Kim tra khe h np
v trng p
cc rng
p
- Khng c
hin tng va
p vi mng
trng
- Lin kt
chc chn
- s lng
khng mn
qu 5cm
- Khng b
thng, rn nt
- Khe h t
10- 15cm
20
2.3. Kim tra b phn truyn ng
Ni dung cng vic Hnh nh Yu cu k thut
1. Kim tra buly
- Kim tra buly truyn
ng ng c ti trng
p
- Kim tra buly truyn
ng trng p ti qut
thi, ti lc sng
- Bu li bt cht
vo gi
- Cc ai c u
trc bt bu li phi
c hm cht
2. Kim tra dy ai lc
sng
- Dng tay n lc kim
tra trng dy ai
3. iu chnh dy ai
lc sng
- Dng cl 19- 22 li c
hm
- Dng tulovt by bnh
cng ai. Sau vn vt
hm v kim tra
- Lc n 5- 7 KG
- Hm cht
- chng dy
ai t 5- 7mm
4. Kim tra dy ai qut
gi
- Dng tay n lc kim
tra trng dy ai
- Lc n 5- 7 KG
21
5. iu chnh dy ai
qut gi
- Dng cl 19- 22 li c
hm
- Dng tulovt by bnh
cng ai. Sau vn vt
hm v kim tra
- Hm cht
- chng dy
ai t 7- 10mm
6 Kim tra dy ai qut
gi
- Dng tay n lc kim
tra trng dy ai
g. iu chnh dy ai
qut gi
- Dng cl 19- 22 li c
hm
- Dng tulovt by bnh
cng ai. Sau vn vt
hm v kim tra
- Lc n 5- 7 KG
- Hm cht
- chng dy
ai t 5- 7mm
2.4. Kim tra hot ng my p la
Ni dung cng vic Hnh nh Yu cu k
thut
1. Kim tra khng
ti
- Chn bnh
- N my cho chy
th
- Chn bnh
chc chn
- m bo an
ton
- Lm vic m
22
- Kim tra hot ng
my
di khng ting
va p
2. Kim tra c ti
- Chn bnh
- N my cho chy
th
- Cp la
- Kim tra sn phm
thc, rm
- Chn bnh
chc chn
- m bo an
ton
- Thc sch
Rm khng st
ht la
B. Cu hi v bi tp thc hnh
1. Cu hi
Cu 1: - Trnh by s cu to, hot ng ca my tut p dc trc
Cu 2: Trnh by quy trnh kim tra iu chnh my tut p
2. Bi tp
Bi 1: Thc hnh kim tra cng trng dy ai v cch iu chnh
Bi 2: Thc hnh kim tra trng, mng, sng my tut p
C. Ghi nh:
Trng tm bi muc:
3. Kim tra b phn trng, mng, sng my tut p
4. Kim tra vn hnh my tut p
23
Bi 2: Sa cha my p la Thi gian: 24.gi
Mc tiu:
Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng
- Trnh by c trnh t cng vic bo dng, sa cha my p la
- Sa cha thay th c cc thit b lm vic nh dy culoa, mng p, trng,
sng ng yu cu k thut
- Thc hin tt cng tc an ton v v sinh cng nghip
A.Ni dung
1. Sa cha mng p, mng sng
1.1. Sa cha mng p
Ni dung cng
vic
Hnh nh Yu cu k
thut
1. Chun b
- Dng c ngh
- My p la
- ng c
- dng c
cc b
phn ca my
y v hot
ng tt
24
2. Thay mng p
- Tho mng p
ra khi my
+ M lp hng
my
+ Tho cc bu
lng bt mng p
vi v lp my
Tho ng
trnh t
- Lp mng v
iu chnh khe h
mng vi trng
p
+ Lp mng p
+ iu chnh khe
h mng sng vi
nh u rng p
- ng chng
loi mng p
- Khe h t
20- 25 mm
1.2. Sa cha sng
Ni dung cng vic Hnh nh Yu cu k thut
1. Chun b
- Dng c ngh
- dng c
25
- My p la
2. Thay sng
- Tho sng ra khi my
- Lp mng v iu
chnh khe hnh trnh lc
sng
- Khng lm gy bu
lng
Sng mi khng b rch
thng
2. Sa cha trng p
2.1. Thay rng trng p
Ni dung cng vic Hnh nh Yu cu k thut
1. Chun b
- Dng c ngh
- My p la
- dng c
26
2. Thay rng trng
p
- Tho rng ra khi
trng
- Lp rng trng p
- Khng lm gy bu
lng
Lc xit ng yu
cu k thut 20-
25Nm
2.2. Tra m bi trn ln trng p
Ni dung cng vic Hnh nh Yu cu k thut
1. Chun b
- M bi trn
- Hp dng c
- My p la
2. Tra m vo ln
u trc
- Tho gi bt u
trc
- Tra m
- Lp gi u trc
- Cht lng tt
- Hot ng tt
- lng m lp
y ln
3. Sa cha b phn truyn ng
Ni dung cng vic Hnh nh Yu cu k thut
27
1. Chun b
- Dng c ngh
- My p la
- Dy ai
2. Thay dy ai
- Li c cng dy ai
- Tho dy ai
-Lp dy ai mi
- iu chnh sc cng
dy ai
- dng c
- Dy ai tnh trng
k thut tt
- Dy ai ng
chng loi
- Khng b xon
dy
- vng dy ai
t 5- 7mm
B. Cu hi v bi tp thc hnh
1. Cu hi
Cu 1: - Trnh by trnh t sa cha mng p, sng, trng p, b truyn
ng my tut p dc trc
Cu 2: Trnh by quy trnh kim tra iu chnh my tut p
2. Bi tp
Bi 1: Thc hnh sa cha thay th sng, rng p, mng p, dy ai v
iu chnh
C. Ghi nh:
Trng tm bi muc:
3. Sa cha b phn trng, mng, sng my tut p
4. iu chnh b phn trng, mng, sng my tut p
28
Bi 3: Vn hnh v iu chnh my p la Thi gian: 16 .gi
Mc tiu:
Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng
- Trnh by c trnh t vn hnh v iu chnh my p la
- Vn hnh, iu chnh my p ng yu cu thc ra sch, t l hao ht thp
nht.
- m bo an ton cho ngi v phng tin.
A. Ni dung
1. Chun b
Ni dung cng
vic
Hnh nh Yu cu k
thut
1. Chun b
my
- Kim tra nhin
liu du, m
nc
- Xit cht ng
c vi khung
my
- v ng
quy nh
- m bo chc
chn
2. Kim tra
ng c
- Kim tra nhin
liu, du bi
trn, nc lm
mt
y v
ng quy nh
29
3. Kim tra my
tut
y v iu
chnh ng quy
nh
4. Chun b la
- La chn u
v kh
2. Quy trnh vn hnh v iu chnh my p la
Ni dung cng
vic
Hnh nh Yu cu k
thut
1. Vn hnh my
p la
- Khi ng my
- Cp la
- Ga mc
2/3
- La cp u
30
2. iu chnh
- iu chnh
lng cp la
- iu chnh
mc ga
- iu chnh khe
h gia trng
p vi mng
p
- La chn u
v kh
- Nghe ting n
ng c cp
la
Ga 2/3
- Ty loi la
iu chnh khe
h
3. K thut s dng
3.1. Lp ng c vo my p:
Tu iu kin tng ni c th dng ng lc cho my p l ng c izen,
ng c xng hoc ng c in.
- Khi g lp ng c n ln my p phi b chn ch A ca my n, ch lt
m mng bng cao su, g hoc nha cng gi an ton cho my. Dng bu lng,
ai c c m vnh sit cht. Khi lp ng c ch khng cho ming ng x
ca ng c hng vo dy ai v ngi thao tc.
- Khi g lp ng c in phi ch cho v tr dy dn in khng b vng vo
cnh qut. Phi c dy tip t.
- Chnh cc bnh ai tht thng hng tng bn ca dy ai.
- iu chnh bnh cng dy ai, khng dy ai qu cng hoc qu trng (gy
trt ai, dn n cht lng p v nng sut gim hoc b tc trng p).
3.2. Cch vn hnh my p
+ Trc khi khi ng:
- Chn v tr t my cho ph hp (mt bng v hng gi). Ca a la vo
u gi, ca ra rm cui gi. Do my lm vic vi ti trng khng u, rung
31
ng vi tn s ln, v th cc bu lng, ai c d b lng nn cn phi thng
xuyn kim tra, sit cht (c bit cc bu lng, ai c bt rng trng p).
- Kim tra, iu chnh cng ai.
- Kim tra, chm sc du m cc bi (bc n), trt (bc) ca my p.
- Kim tra, b sung du, nc ca my n (nu s dng ng c in phi kim
tra in p cc pha).
- Chm k cc bnh xe, khng cho dch chuyn.
- Xp la thnh ng pha sau ngi ng cung cp.
+ Khi ng my:
- Dng tay quay kim tra trng. Nu kt phi tm nguyn nhn v khc phc.
- Cho my chy khng ti 1 - 2 pht, ri tng dn tc ph hp vi ging
la, m, di ca la. Khng nn cho my lm vic tc qu cao gi
an ton cho ngi v my. i vi my p dng ng c in: ng in cho
ng c chy, kim tra chiu quay ca trng p (nu ngc chiu quay phi u
li ng dy in m bo ng chiu quay ca my).
- Cung cp la vo u v lin tc, khi ht la tip tc cho my chy khng ti 2
-3 pht mi dng my.
+ Phng php cung cp la vo my p: Gii thiu hai trong nhiu cch cung
cp.
- Cch th nht: i vi la gi, v tng gi la a vo ca np, ng thi tay
y la vo hi vt ln, tc l phn trn ca gi la vo my trc. Cc gi la
c xp ln bn cp liu sao cho phn bng la quay vo pha trong, gc ra
ngoi.
- Cch th hai: i vi la ri, tay phi v la ri u trn bn, tay tri y la
st di ca chn ca bn cp liu. La c xp ln bn cp liu sao cho phn
bng la quay vo pha trong, gc ra ngoi.
+ Ch khi cung cp la:
- La di, d rng v t: Np u v nhanh theo sc my. Xc nh gii hn
bng cch nghe ting my n khng nng ti v quan st rm ra khng vn cc.
32
- La ngn, dai v kh: Phi cung cp t t. Xc nh gii hn bng cch quan
st la c p k v t thc theo rm.
a) b)
Hnh 3.1. Phng php cung cp la vo my p
a) Lm vic vi la gi; b) Lm vic vi la ri
4. Mt s phng php kim tra iu chnh ch yu
4.1. Kim tra iu chnh bung p
Cht lng p i vi tng loi la quyt nh bi bung p. Khi la vo
bung p, a s ht c tch ra khi bng phn ca vo, cc phn tip theo
c nhim v tch ht ht ra khi bng v r rm. Chnh v vy m phn rng p
ca vo mau mn hn cc phn khc.
trng rng bn, khe h hp l gia nh rng v mng trng thng l 20-
25mm. i vi trng rng trn, trong sut qu trnh my lm vic khng cn
phi iu chnh phn bung p, ch khi no thy cht lng p khng tt
(ht cn st trn bng, thc theo rm nhiu, trng hay b tc kt) th cn dng
my kim tra. Nu rng p qu mn hoc b gy phi thay th rng mi. i
vi rng bn: tu theo loi la v mn ca rng p m iu chnh.
+ Rng trng:
- Rng mi v iu chnh ngc v hng ca vo la: p mnh (p k).
- Rng c, mn v iu chnh xin v ca ra rm: p nh (p di).
Ch : Nn iu chnh t 8 n 12 rng u pha ca vo nghing theo hng
ca ra rm khng c gi.
+ Mng trng:
33
- i vi my p trng rng trn ch phi thay th khi cc thanh nan b h
hng.
- i vi my p trng rng bn: C th iu chnh cho khe h bung p ln
ln hoc nh i bng cch iu chnh hai tay gt u my.
+ Cnh ht rm:
- Cnh cn mi, thng v st bu: rm ra xa.
- Cnh mn, cong v xa bu: rm ra km.
+ u nhc im ca cc mc p:
- p nh: Rng rm, nng sut cao, my nh ti, ph hp loi la ct di, t,
d rng, thc theo rm nhiu, khng thch hp vi loi la dai, kh v ct ngn.
- p nng: Nhu rm, nng sut thp, my nng ti, ph hp loi la ct ngn,
kh, dai, thc theo rm t.
4.2. Kim tra iu chnh qut gi v sng lc
Qut gi v sng lc ng vai tr quan trng trong vic phn loi lm sch thc:
- Lng gi nhiu, dc sng ln: sch ca thc cao, thc chc theo ra
nhiu.
- Lng gi t, dc sng nh: sch ca thc thp, thc chc theo ra t, kh
nng thot rm trn sng km, d b n tc.
Tu theo tng loi la (ging, m) m iu chnh cho ph hp.
5. Nhng li thng gp khi vn hnh
Tnh trng Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc
1. Nt rm - My mi, rng trng cn sc
- La u v, t
- Chnh rng xui
v pha ca ra
rm,
cho tc trng
p chm
2. Thc theo rm - Rng trng mn
- Nu mn qu
phi thay rng
mi,
34
- Dy ai trng rng bn th
iu chnh 4 -5
rng gn
ca ra rm
nghing v pha
ca vo
- Cng dy ai
3. La p khng
sch, cn st
- Rng ng nhiu v pha ca
ra rm
- Rng trng qu mn
- Dy ai trng
- Chnh cc rng
trng nghing v
pha
ca vo
- Thay rng trng
mi
- Cng dy ai
4. Thc b trc, v - Ch p khng ph hp
- Rng trng mi, cn sc
- Cp la vo
u, cho tc
trng p
ph hp
- Mi cc cnh
sc cho nhn
5. Thc khng
sch, tc sng lm
sch
- B phn sng qut khng lm
vic
- La t v rm b p nhu nt
nhiu
- Kim tra b
phn sng qut,
nu h
hng phi thay
th
- Cp la u v
chm
6. An ton khi vn hnh
35
- Ngi ng my phi trang phc gn gng, eo knh bo h v khng dng
gng tay a la vo my. Khng a tay st vo ca cung cp trnh bn
tay b ko theo la gy tai nn.
- Ch khng dy, lt b la hoc lim, dao v cc vt cng lt vo
trong my.
- Khng c nm c b la vo my.
- Khng ng gn ng c, cnh qut gi, ca ra rm v cc dy ai truyn
ng.
- Khng ngi khng c nhim v v tr em ng gn my khi ang lm
vic.
- Khi b tc kt, tut dy ai hoc s c phi dng hn my mi c tho lp
sa cha v cn chnh.
- Thng xuyn kim tra, sit cht bu lng ai c v cng dy ai.
- Khi di chuyn my cn ch : thn trng khi qua cc ni khng bng phng,
mt ng nghing. Khng c mc ko bng xe c gii. Khi ko my ln
hoc xung dc phi s dng phanh m bo an ton. Khi di chuyn a bn
m phi dng xung, thuyn th khi ln xung phi tht cn thn, t my cn
trn xung hoc thuyn v chn bnh xe.
- c k hng dn s dng trc khi vn hnh my
B. Cu hi v bi tp thc hnh
1. Cu hi
Cu 1: - Trnh by cng vic vn hnh my tut p dc trc
Cu 2: Trnh by quy nh an ton khi vn hnh my tut p
2. Bi tp
Bi 1: Vn hnh my p la v iu chnh t my t hiu qu
Bi 2: Thc hin khc phc nhng li khi vn hnh my p la
C. Ghi nh:
Trng tm bi muc:
1. Vn hnh my tut p, quy nh v an ton khi vn hnh my
36
HNG DN GING DY M UN/MN HC
I.V tr, tinh cht ca m un :
- V tr: M un Sa ch my p la l mt m un chuyn mn ngh
trong chng trnh dy ngh trnh s cp ca ngh Sa cha my nng
nghip; c ging dy sau m un Bo dng ng c in v trc m un
My bm nc. M un Sa ch my lm t cng c th ging dy c lp
theo yu cu ca ngi hc.
- Tnh cht: L m un chnh trong trng trnh o to, m un hnh thnh
k nng sa cha cc b phn lm vic ca my p la. M un thc hin ti
xng c kh v ngoi a bn thc tp.
II. Mc tiu:
Sau khi hc xong m un ny ngi hc c kh nng:
- Trnh by c s cu to, hot ng ca my p la dc trc
- Trnh by c trnh t cc bc sa cha my p la dc trc
- Sa cha c cc h hng thng thng cc my p la dc trc
- Vn hnh c cc lin hp my v iu chnh ng cc yu cu k thut.
- C tinh thn trch nhim trong sa cha bo qun my mc.
III. Ni dung chinh ca m un:
M bi Tn bi Loi
bi dy
a
im
Thi gian
Tng
s
L
thuyt
Thc
hnh
Kim
tra*
M 6.1 Bi 1: Kim
tra my p
Tch
hp
Xng 16 3 12 1
37
M bi Tn bi Loi
bi dy
a
im
Thi gian
Tng
s
L
thuyt
Thc
hnh
Kim
tra*
la
M 6.2
Bi 2: Sa
cha my my
p la
Tch
hp
Xng 24 3 19 2
M 6.3
Bi 3: Vn
hnh v iu
chnh my p
la
Tch
hp
Xng 16 3 12 1
Kim tra ht m un 4 4
Cng 60 9 43 8
IV. Hng dn thc hin bi tp, bi thc hnh
1. Ngun lc cn thit:
- Phi chun b xng c kh c b tr phng chuyn mn trang b my tnh,
my chiu, ti liu Gio trnh.
- Chun b hc liu cn thit nh
+ My p la lin hon, la m thp
+ Dng c kim tra: Thc dy, thc l .....
+ Dng c tho lp: Hp dng c gm (C l ming, c l hoa du, tup,
tuc l vt, km, ba ), my hn in
+ Nguyn vt liu: Du Diezel, m, gi lau,
2- Cch t chc thc hin
- Tp trung c lp
+ Hng dn l thuyt:
GV trnh by kin thc.
HS lng nghe tip thu
38
+ Hng dn k nng:
GV Lm mu.
HS quan st tip thu
- Phn nhm luyn tp theo nhm
GV km cp un ln.
HS thc hin
3- Thi gian
- Hng dn l thuyt : 6 gi
- Thc tp: 50 gi
- Kim tra: 4 gi
4- S lng: 20- 25 hs/1 lp
5- Tiu chun sn phm:
- Kt thc m un hc vin phi hon thnh 1 sm phm nh sn phm
mu GV ra
V. Yu cu v nh gi kt qu hc tp
5.1. Bi 1: Kim tra my p la
Tiu chi nh gi Cch thc nh gi
1. Chm sc bo dng
- Chm sc bo dng my ng
lc
- Chm sc bo dng my p la
- HS thc hin trn ng c D-20
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
2- Kim tra tnh trng my p la
- Kim tra b phn p v phn ly
- Kim tra b phn truyn ng
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
5.2. Bi 2: Sa cha my p la
Tiu chi nh gi Cch thc nh gi
39
Tiu chi nh gi Cch thc nh gi
1.Sa cha b phn p v phn ly
- Sa cha trng p, mng p
- Sa cha sng
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
1.Sa cha b phn p truyn
ng
- Sa cha buly
- Sa cha thay th dy ai
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
5.3. Bi 3: Vn hnh iu chnh my p la
Tiu chi nh gi Cch thc nh gi
1. Chun b
- Chun b my p la
- Chun b nguyn liu
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
2. Vn hnh my p la
- Vn hnh
- iu chnh
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
- HS thc hin trn my p la VN-
2200
3. Khc phc cc li khi vn hnh
- St la
- Lt rm
- Thc khng sch
- Thc b v
- HS khc phc trn my p la VN-
2200
- HS khc phc trn my p la VN-
2200
- HS khc phc trn my p la VN-
2200
VI. Ti liu tham kho
1. Nguyn Vn An Bo dng t my ko - Trng C ngh CKNN
2. T Hanh Gio trnh my nng nghip Trng C ngh CKNN
40
3. Hi c kh Vit Nam S tay c in nng nghip bo qun v ch bin nng lm
sn Nh xut bn NN
4. My ko KUBOTA Cng ty TNHH KUBOTA Vit Nam
5. Hi c kh Vit Nam My nng nghip dng trong trang trai Nh xut bn
6.Nguyn Vn Mun. My canh tc nng nghip. NXB Gio dc, 1999.
7. H ng Lnh, Nguyn Vn Vinh. H thng cc tiu chun kho nghim, gim
nh cht lng my ko, my canh tc dng trong sn xut nng lm nghip. NXB
Nng nghip, 1997.
8. C Ngc Bc. Gio trnh c kh nng nghip. NXB Nng nghip, 2008.
9. Lloyd J.Phipps, Car L.reynolds. Machanics in agriculture. NXB Interstate
Publishers, 1990.
10. Trn c Dng. Gio trnh my v thit b nng nghip - Tp 2: My nng
nghip. NXB H Ni, 2005.
11. www.maynongnghiep.org
41
DANH SCH BAN CH NHIM XY DNG CHNG TRNH,
BIN SON GIO TRNH DY NGH TRNH S CP
(Theo Quyt nh s 1415/Q-BNN-TCCB, ngy 27 thng 6 nm 2011
ca B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn)
1. Ch nhim: ng Nguyn Vn An - Hiu trng Trng Cao ng ngh C
kh Nng nghip
2. Ph ch nhim: ng Hong Ngc Thnh - Chuyn vin chnh V T chc
cn b, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
3. Th k: ng Phm Vn c - Trng khoa Trng Cao ng ngh C kh
Nng nghip
4. Cc y vin:
- ng Phm T Nh, Ph hiu trng Trng Cao ng ngh C kh
Nng nghip
- ng V Quang Huy, Gio vin Trng Cao ng ngh C kh Nng
nghip
- ng Phm Ngc Tun, Trng phng Trng Cao ng C in v
Nng nghip Nam B
- ng Nguyn nh Thanh, Gim c Cng ty c phn C in nng
nghip Hi Dng./.
DANH SCH HI NG NGHIM THU
CHNG TRNH, GIO TRNH DY NGH TRNH S CP
(Theo Quyt nh s 1785/Q-BNN-TCCB ngy 05 thng 8 nm 2011
ca B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn)
1. Ch tch: ng L Thi Dng, Hiu trng Trng Cao ng C in v
Nng nghip Nam B
2. Th k: ng Lm Quang D, Ph trng phng V T chc cn b, B
Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
3. Cc y vin:
- ng Trn Vn in, Ph trng khoa Trng Cao ng C in v
Nng nghip Nam B
- ng Nguyn Quang Ho, Trng khoa Trng Cao ng ngh C in
Ty Bc
- ng Vng Vn Hng, Ph gim c Cng ty c phn C in nng
nghip Hi Dng./.