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Guangya Yang
Center for Electric Power and EnergyDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTechnical University of Denmark
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–– Fault-ride-through capability – Must run is expensive
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Station Area kV Mvar Year
Bjæverskov DK2 400 270 2013
Herslev DK2 400 200 2014
Fraugde DK1 400 200 2014
• 7 synchronous condensers in DK • 3 recent synchronous condensers
supplied by Siemens• Short circuit power
– BJS(2013) >800 MVA;– FGD/HKS (2014) > 1000 MVA;
• Reactive power compensation – -150/215 Mvar (BJS)– -120/180 Mvar (FGD/HKS)
•
7
8
~
TJE
GER
NJVB2,3
NVV
~
Sweden
VHA
TRI
MKS SSVB3,4
~
~
ENVB3
EDR
ESVB3
FVO
~
FYVB7
FGDLAG
SHE
SVS
VKE
REV
KAS
~
FER
SKVB3
AHA
22/0.69 kV
VW
HRA, B
0.69/22 kV
VW
VSC-HVDC Link
VdcB
Rectifier InverterA B
~Norway
VSC-HVDC Link
VSC-HVDC Link
VdcB
Rectifier InverterA B
~Netherland
~
~
~SC2
SC1
SC3
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CE GB IRE NE
Standard frequency range
± 50 mHz ± 200 mHz
± 200 mHz
± 100 mHz
Maximum instantaneous frequency deviation
± 800 mHz
± 800 mHz
± 1000 mHz
± 1000 mHz
Maximum steady-state frequency deviation
200 mHz 500 mHz 500 mHz 500 mHz
Time to recover frequency
N/A 1 minute 1 minute N/A
10
48,40
48,60
48,80
49,00
49,20
49,40
49,60
49,80
K=20 K=10 K=5
Frequency nadir with different K
WO WF
••
K 20 K 10 K 5
11
12
0
50
100
150
200
250
WF=0 MW WF=150 MW WF=300 MW WF=520 MW
System inertia (100MWs) with different WF level
•– Positive sequence only with current limit;
•– Both positive and negative sequence SRFs with current limit;
•–––
–
–
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-0.0628 -0.05 -0.025 0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.0872
-2
-1.33333
-0.66667
0
0.66667
1.33333
2
p.u
.
IA IB IC
-0.06567 -0.05 -0.025 0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.08433
-2
-1.33333
-0.66667
0
0.66667
1.33333
2
p.u
.
IA IB IC CurrentLim
-0.03863 -0.01959 0 0.01959 0.03919 0.05878 0.07837
-2
-1
0
1
2
p.u
.
IA IB IC CurrentLim
-0.03758 -0.01959 0 0.01959 0.03919 0.05878 0.07837
-2
-1
0
1
2
p.u
.
IA IB IC CurrentLim
'' 1.25kMAXI pu
15
-0.06504 -0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333
-2
-1.33333
-0.66667
0
0.66667
1.33333
2
p.u.
IAH IBH ICH SL1
-0.06504 -0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333
-100
16.667
133.333
250
366.667
483.333
600
MW
or M
var
P_HVDC Q_HVDC
-0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333
-100
16.667
133.333
250
366.667
483.333
600
MW
or M
var
P_HVDC Q_HVDC
-0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333
-2
-1.33333
-0.66667
0
0.66667
1.33333
2
p.u.
IAH IBH ICH SL1
-0.05615 -0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333
-100
16.667
133.333
250
366.667
483.333
600
MW
or M
var
P_HVDC Q_HVDC
-0.05615 -0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333
-2
-1.33333
-0.66667
0
0.66667
1.33333
2
p.u.
IAH IBH ICH SL1
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Hardware
Simulation
RTDS (Grid and synchronous
condenser models )
Communication Interface
Synchronous condenser automatic voltage regulator and
protection system
Communication and amplification Interface
Extract signals from simulation
to physical
Control and protection
signals
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[1] Transmission and Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Guide forPlanning DC Links Terminating at AC Locations Having Low Short-Circuit Capacities, IEEE Std 1204-1997,ISBN 1-55937-936-7.
SCRi 3
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EDR FER IDU MAL TRI0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
400kV bus-bars
Sho
rt C
ircui
t Rat
io S
CR
n=2 (c(x) 0 bus EDR) mod.2012n=2 (c(x) 0 bus IDU) mod.2012n=3 mod.2012n=4 mod.2012only Wind mod.2012
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