Guidance for Community Resource Persons

5

Guiding Booklet for Community Resource Person

Table of Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 7

SANITATION SITUATION IN PAKISTAN ........................................................................................................ 8

WHAT IS SANITATION? .................................................................................................................................... 9

SPSP – RURAL & PATS INTEGRATED MODEL ........................................................................................... 9

WHO WILL USE THIS GUIDING BOOKLET? ............................................................................................... 10

WHAT IS PRA? ................................................................................................................................................. 11

EMPOWERMENT ................................................................................................................................................. 11

RESPECT ............................................................................................................................................................ 11

LOCALISATION .................................................................................................................................................... 11

ENJOYMENT ....................................................................................................................................................... 11

INCLUSIVENESS .................................................................................................................................................. 11

INTRODUCTION TO CLTS AND TRIGGERING TOOLS.............................................................................. 12

TRIGGERING ....................................................................................................................................................... 13

INTRODUCTION AND RAPPORT BUILDING .......................................................................................................... 14

SOCIAL MAPPING ............................................................................................................................................... 14

TRANSECT WALK ............................................................................................................................................... 14

Calculation of Faeces ...................................................................................................................................... 14

Flow Diagram .................................................................................................................................................... 15

Glass of water exercise ................................................................................................................................... 16

Calculation of Medical/Diseases Expenditure .............................................................................................. 16

Identifying Solutions ......................................................................................................................................... 16

On Ground Structure ....................................................................................................................................... 17

Sub Structure .................................................................................................................................................... 17

PREPARING COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN .................................................................................................. 18

HANDLING GROUPS ....................................................................................................................................... 18

ODF VILLAGE CERTIFICATION CRITERIA.................................................................................................. 18

BCC CAMPAIGN AND MESSAGES ............................................................................................................... 19

WHAT IS BEHAVIOR? ......................................................................................................................................... 19

WHY BEHAVIOUR CHANGE COMMUNICATION? ................................................................................................. 19

BASIC SKILLS REQUIRED FOR FACILITATOR.......................................................................................... 20

LINKAGES DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................................... 21

MASSON ............................................................................................................................................................. 22

ENTERPRENURE AND MART OWNERS ............................................................................................................... 22

VILLAGE ORGANIZATION/VILLAGE SANITAITON COMMITTEE ............................................................................ 23

SMC, PTA, SCHOOL WASH CLUB .................................................................................................................. 24

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AGENDA ............................................................................................................................................................ 26

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR PARTICIPANT ................................................................................................ 30

REGISTRATION SHEET .................................................................................................................................. 31

PRE & POST TEST ........................................................................................................................................... 32

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List of Abbreviations[WA1]

BCC Behaviour Change Communication

CAP Community Action Plan

CBO Community Based Organization

CLTS Community-Led Total Sanitation

CRP Community Resource Person

CSO Civil Society Organization

EDO–E Executive District Officer - Education

EDO–H Executive District Officer – Health

EV Extreme Vulnerable

FGD Focus Group Discussion

GoP Government of Pakistan

HH Household

HW Hand Washing

IEC Information Education Communication

IP Implementing Partner

KAP Knowledge Attitude and Practice

KI Key Informant

LG&RD Local Government & Rural Development

LHW Leady Health Worker

LSO Local Support Organization

M&E Monitoring & Evaluation

MDG Million Development Goal

MTR Mid-Term Review/Evaluation

NFR Note For Record

NGO Non-Government Organization

NOC No Objection Certificate

ODF Open Defecation Free

PATS Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal

PTA Parents Teachers Association

RSPN Rural Support Programmes Network

RuSFAD Rural Sanitation for Flood Affected Districts

SLTS School-Led Total Sanitation

SMC School Management Committee/Council

SO Social Organizer

SPSP Sanitation Programme at Scale in Pakistan

TORs Terms of References

TOT Training of Trainers

UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene

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92% of the population has access to water

48% of the population has access to sanitation but details show that this access is

inequitable among the urban and rural population as only 34% of the rural population

has access to sanitation in comparison to 72% urban population.

Poor sanitation is one of the contributors of poverty and in Pakistan 22.3% 0f the

population is living below the poverty line and here again there is inequality in urban and

rural population.

Poor sanitation coverage has increased the rate of malnutrition, mortality of under five

children, and poor sanitation in high risk polio districts is alarming as the affected cases

may rapidly effects a large population is poor sanitary conditions

Sanitation situation in Pakistan

In Pakistan, diarrhoea is the leading cause of mortality for children under 5 (PDHS 2007-8)

where 116,013 children under the age of 5 die due to diarrhoea each year, translating into the

loss of life of 13 Pakistani children per hour (PDHS 2007-8). Children also suffer

disproportionately from sickness due to diarrheal disease with almost 25 million cases (PSLM

2006-7) reported annually. Major reasons for diarrhoea are a lack of access to clean drinking

water, poor hygiene status and, poor sanitation. The already dismal situation of sanitation in

Pakistan was further deteriorated by the devastating floods of 2010 which affected more than 20

million people across the country.

Pakistan is also lagging behind in achieving millennium development goals (MDG) for

Sanitation. The UNICEF and WHO’s joint monitoring Program estimated (JMP 2012 update

report) that sanitation facilities are available only to 48% ( 72 % Urban, 34% Rural) but this

number is still with huge disparities that exist between rural and urban areas of the total

population. In rural areas an estimated 34% of the total rural population defecates in the open

while only 26% has unimproved sanitation and only 6% share sanitation facilities. An estimated

40 million people in Pakistan still practice open defecation which therefore indicates a huge

scope for providing improved sanitation facilities to the people in need.

The Pakistan national sanitation policy 2006 also focuses on creating an open defecation free

(ODF) environment using various total sanitation models. Based on lessons learned from the

total sanitation model previously implemented in Pakistan and keeping in view the socio

economic, political, cultural and rapid climate changes and frequent occurrence of disaster, a

Pakistan approach to total sanitation (PATS) was introduced by the Ministry of Environment in

2011. As an integrated sanitation model, PATS provides greater flexibility in programming and

an opportunity to attain the millennium development goals (MDGs).

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What is sanitation?

• It refers to the combination of hardware and software components that are necessary to

produce a healthy environment and to develop or support safe hygiene behaviours.

• [safe disposal of liquid and dry waste is regarded sanitation, technical definition]

The Pakistan approach to total sanitation (PATS) is achieving and sustaining an open

defecation free environment both in rural and urban context with clear emphasis towards

behaviour change and social mobilization enhancing the demand side of sanitation. The

approach also endorses the use of a number of branded total sanitation models, having a key

role of communities, which include:

community led total sanitation

school led total sanitation

component sharing

sanitation marketing

disaster response

SPSP – rural & PATS integrated model

Based on experiences from RUSFAD, another program sanitation program at scale in Pakistan

(SPSP) –Rural was initiated in 2012 in areas that were flood affected, had a high risk of Polio,

and were insecure. This program is being implemented in 14 districts of Pakistan through

different implementing partners. Under the Sanitation Program at Scale in Pakistan (SPSP) -

Rural six (6) pillars of integrated total sanitation model were introduced i, e. (1) linkages

development with duty bearers, 2) sanitation demand creation for ODF communities, 3)

sustaining demand through supply side interventions, 4) participatory health and hygiene

promotion, 5) attaining 100% adequate drainage and waste water treatment and 6) knowledge

management. The integrated model is further:

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Who will use this guiding booklet?

The guide is prepared for community resource persons who are implementing PATS approach

in their communities. This guiding booklet would facilitate CRPs to conduct the CLTS tools and

perform their work in a professional manner to achieve ODF status for their villages keeping in

view the importance of their role in pre triggering, triggering and post triggering phases.

This guiding booklet can also be used by the person who is providing training on sanitation PATS approach. As a trainer the social organizer and CRP him/herself can use this guiding booklet.

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village name

town/mohalla

total number of households

schools

mosque

type of construction

is latrine available or not

What is PRA?

The CRP should have understanding on the concept of PRA and its tools, therefore this flavor is added in the guiding booklet, however the focus area for CRP will be triggering.

Participatory rural appraisal emerged in 1980; it is diverse approach which emerged in Asia. The Participatory Rural Appraisal is distinguished at its best by the use of local graphic representations created by the community that legitimize local knowledge and promote empowerment.

One of the salient features of PRA is discussed briefly to understand the real spirit of PRA. These features include

Empowerment

The knowledge is power. The knowledge arises from the process and results of research that through participation which is shared with and owned by local people. As a result of this gathering of information and knowledge which is shared by the people with their owner ship will help in planning and management decisions. This will generate in ownership for planning and implementing the plans.

Respect

The PRA process helps learners and researchers into active learners and listener, this is ensured when the local intellectual and analytical capabilities are listened and learned. The respect is generated when the outsiders take active part in learning the local culture, practices and understand the intellect of local people and people feel pride in sharing the information.

Localisation

The PRA activity relies on creative use of local materials and tries to represents the local issues and avoids imposing external representational conventions.

Enjoyment

PRA, if done in its true spirit is the real fun activity and people start loving it.

Inclusiveness

Enhanced sensitivity, through attention to process; include marginal and vulnerable groups, women, children, aged, and destitute.

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Pre-Triggering

Interacting with locals

like, head master,

political leader, and

village elders that are

well regarded and well

known among the

villagers.

Setting the time place

and informing people

about the meeting.

Introduction to CLTS and triggering tools

The community led total sanitation (CLST) is an innovative approach

for mobilizing communities to completely eliminate open defecation

(OD), and move forward towards collective action. Communities are

facilitated to conduct their own appraisal and analysis of open

defecation (OD) and take their own action to become ODF (open

defecation free). This approach leads the community to the first step of

sanitation ladder.

CLTS focuses on a collective sanitation analysis, sudden realization

that leads, and in the end making the village ODF. At the heart of CLTS

lies the recognition that merely providing toilets does not guarantee

their use, nor result in improved sanitation and hygiene. Earlier

approaches to sanitation prescribed high initial standards and offered

subsidies as an incentive. But this often led to uneven adoption, problems with long-term

sustainability and only partial use. It also created a culture of dependence on subsidies. As a

result, open defecation and the cycle of fecal–oral contamination continued to spread disease.

In contrast, CLTS focuses on the behavioral change needed to ensure real and sustainable

improvements – investing in community mobilization instead of hardware, and shifting the focus

from toilet construction for individual households to the creation of “open defecation-free”

villages. By raising the awareness that every one remains at risk of diseases even when only a

minority continues to defecate in the open, CLTS triggers the community’s desire for change,

propels them into action and encourages innovation, mutual support and appropriate local

solutions, thus leading to greater ownership and sustainability.

CLTS approach can be implemented in the communities having following characteristics:

The communities living far away from urban areas (main cities or capital). There is no

specific limit for the distance of the communities from urban areas. However, the people

who have not the ability (either money or other recourses) to visit the city every day

deserve the right for CLTS Implementation.

Community with small number of households i.e. between 100 and 300. If the number is

more than that, it will be little problematic for the facilitators to handle and control them.

The communities which has taken no or less assistance/subsidies from government or

other NGOs in the past;

Communities where people go to fields for open defecation; and feces are seen by eyes.

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Communities having more diarrheal and water-borne diseases and consequently

children’s deaths in the past;

The communities with poor sanitation conditions. The communities with no latrines, less

number of sanitary latrines, or more un-sanitary latrines; poor drainage system, poor

water supply schemes, open wells, springs or other contaminated source of drinking

water.

Poor, miserable and vulnerable communities;

Communities which who are united and one voice. This means that the result of CLTS

approach will be more productive if people living in one community or village have one

tradition, culture, and same norms of life.

Under CLTS there are three critical phases i.e,

1. Pre triggering

2. Triggering

3. Post triggering

Pre triggering: is the first step of CLTS during this phase, 1 or 2 visits are made to the selected villages, where the facilitator meet with the village elders, religious leaders and activist etc. The objective of this visit is to build the rapport with the key informant/villagers to get their commitment towards improved sanitation. It is also advised that the facilitator would discuss the modalities of the triggering phase with them and plan accordingly. The beauty of this step is not only to ensure their participation but in a lead role.

Triggering

During triggering phase, following tools are applied:

1) Introduction and rapport building

2) Social mapping

3) Transect walk

4) Calculation of faeces

5) Flow diagram of oral faecal contamination route (glass of water demonstration)

6) Calculation of medical expenses

7) Identifying solutions

8) Community action plan/ village action plan

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Introduction and rapport building

This is a rapport building activity; the CRP will visit the village and collect important information

from the village. The CRP will introduce him/herself with the villagers and will explain the

objective of the meeting. After the brief introduction the CRP will collect important information

about the village. Some of the important information required is tabulated, however the list can

be increased as per the need of the sanitation programs.

Social mapping

Once the rapport building is complete and basic information about the village is collected, and

then set a time for the activity of triggering. The time, place and day of triggering are identified

one day prior to the activity.

Once this is finalized CRP will visit the village on the set time and place. Before starting the first

triggering tool it is good that the villagers/participants may introduce each other and CRP may

explain very briefly about the basic objective of this meeting. After this the CRP will ask the

villagers/participants to explain the sanitation issues in the area. Once the villagers start

explaining the issues the CRP may ask the villagers/participants to draw the map on the ground

with the help of local material .Encourage them to draw the roads, small roads, fields, schools,

mosque and houses. At each step ask them that how they feel about their village their answer

will be that it’s looking good. Now ask the participant to share the houses where there is no

latrine and where they all are going for the defecation? The villagers will be asked to highlight

the area of open defecation with yellow color, point out where the children excreta are disposed

off and the location where animal excreta and solid waste is dumped. Once the village mapping

is complete it will be realized that they whole village is full of human excreta.

Transect walk

Once the village map is prepared ask the villagers/participants if they can show you around the

village so that you can have a real picture of the village. The CRP will ask the participants to the

areas where open defecation is done. The CRP will start discussing on the heap of the human

excreta. The CRP may ask from participants that which specific pocket of villagers is coming to

this area for open defecation. This exercise will help the participant to generate a collective

realization among the villagers of sanitation situation.

Calculation of faeces

Ask, how much food is eaten by a healthy person? And Identify one person’s shit amount.

Identify the number of people who practicing open defecation daily .Calculate and identify per

day open defecation amount. Multiply with 7 for one week, with 4 for the whole month and with

12 for the whole year.

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Note:

The overall shit calculation process should be from community side

Share the amount with all community members loudly. The CRP can share that amount loudly

in muns (50kg) and tons as well as with the examples of trucks because people know that

capacity of the trucks.

Flow diagram

The participant will be asked to explain that how this open defecation and human excreta is

coming back to them. For this CRP will only guide the participants by asking some open ended

questions like what happened to this excreta the participants may tell that it dry up and becomes

part of air. Someone will say that it sticks with hoofs of goat, with chicken and will mix with

water. Ask them then what happened they may come to the real situation and may bluntly

explain that at the end human excreta becomes the part of our own food.

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Glass of water exercise

The CRP will ask for a glass of water and take few sips and present the water to 3 to 4 participants to taste the water. Ask, how is the taste of the water? In most of the cases the answer will be positive, the villagers will share that they liked the taste. Further probe that how this water looks like and in most of the cases they will say it’s crystal clear. CRP will do some acting in front of the villagers/participants. He or she will put a hair into the human shit or rub it with the sole of the shoe and put it into the water .Present the water to the participants after doing this exercise .They will refuse to drink and realize the fact of faecal transmission . Now ask that how many legs a fly have after taking different responses tell the participants that a house fly has six legs. Ask them what happens when a fly sits on human shit and then sit on food what does it transmits on our food .Link the size of hair with the size of flies ‘feet.

Calculation of medical/diseases expenditure

The participants will be asked about the common water borne diseases in their area. Asked one

of the participants to enlist those on a chart and then ask the participant to tell that how much

average expenditure a household usually spend on that kind of diseases on monthly basis. Now

multiply the figure for all the households in a village for 12 months. The figure will represent the

total expense that will be spend in one year by the village because of poor sanitation; open

defecation. Tell the villagers that all this can be averted if the change in collective behaviour of

community comes in for the open defecation.

Identifying solutions

CRP will ask from the participants that what will be the

solution. The participants may share that latrine is the solution

but at the same time they will say that cost of the latrine is very

high and they cannot afford. The CRP will probe that how

much cost of the latrine they envisaged. The participants may

share the different figures which can be range from 20,000 to

100,000. The CRP will than share the different options, he/she

will also share that that latrine can be constructed in low cost.

The following options will be share:

simple pit latrine

ventilated improved pit latrine (VIP)

pour flush latrine

Flush latrine

ECO san latrine.

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The CRP will also share the following benefits of the latrine with the

participants:

• Dignity and privacy

• Clean environment

• Improved sanitation and hygiene

• Safety

• Saves time and money, and produces compost and biogas for energy

• Breaks the transmission cycle of sanitation related diseases.

The latrine solution has three important components

1. Superstructure -Above-ground part

This part is consisting of roof, wall, small window for ventilation and door. Each part of

superstructure is constructed to provide safety, security and acceptance of design in

community.

• Roof gives privacy and protection to the user from the sun, wind, and rain.

• Frame is used to support the roof and walls. It can be made of bamboo, wood, etc.

• Walls are part of the superstructure. They give privacy and protection to the user. They

can be made of bricks, bamboo, weather proof sheets.

On Ground Structure

This is the slab which is used to cover the pit and provides the foot rest for the user. This can be

made from any material which provides the strength to avoid breakage while in use, easy to

clean. One can use bamboo with clay for this purpose. Concrete slabs are also in use.

Depending upon the type of latrine additional water jar in case of VIP, Pour flush latrines

whereas the ash or mud jars are part of ground structure in dry pit latrine. The dry pit latrines

have an additional lid to cover the pit after use.

Sub Structure

A pit is an underground hole that can be square, round or rectangular, but a round pit is the

strongest. Maximum depth depends on the soil conditions and ground water levels. In unstable

soils, the pit may have to be fully or partly lined with woven bamboo, bricks, concrete rings, etc.

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Preparing community action plan

Once the community is triggered the community action plan will be prepared which will

contribute to ODF status once successfully implemented. This action plan can be translated as

possible solution to the problem.

At the time of developing community action plan it will be appropriate to identify the five to six

proactive persons who will join for a committee for the implementation and monitoring of action

plan.

Besides triggering CRP should know following:

Handling groups

During triggering the CRP may face different types of community groups and it is important that

the CRP may know about them and learn how to handle each type of group while working in

community. Different types of community groups are as follow:

Groups

Match box in a gas station----a group which is eager to change

Hidden flames---- a group is active but needs multiple trigger to make them active

Scattered flames---- a group is not very active and facilitator may find some of the

participants who want to listen and require further explanation of the impacts of poor

sanitation

Extinguished flames----this group is not promising and will not react to any of the tools

applied may show some half-hearted commitment that too is to get rid of the facilitators.

ODF village certification criteria

Once the action plan is successfully implemented the ODF certification process will be followed.

This includes the following steps.

Involves a set of activities which starts in following order

Step - I Initiation

Step- II

Verification

Init

Step- III Declaration

Init

Step- IV Certification

Init

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Once the certification is awarded, then the communities celebrate the ODF status of their

village.

The final criteria for ODF village are:

1. ODF village and open spaces

2. The water sources are free from human excreta

3. Hand washing with soap is practices before having food and after the use of toilet

4. All the village is aware about the safe disposal of human excreta and is practicing the

same

BCC campaign and messages

In PATS approach, behaviour change communication is an

important pillar, therefore it is important that CRP should know

about the BCC, he/she also know that sequence of the

campaigns at household, community, school and religious places

as well as information education communication material being

used in the campaign.

What is behavior?

A scientifically planned intervention targeting a specific behaviour

through different mediums for promotion of positive change

providing a supportive environment and enabling people to

initiate

Why behaviour change communication?

To use a variety of mediums and approaches to positively influence the behaviour of target population to adopt hygienic practices related to WASH at the individual, household and community level.

To facilitate an enabling environment to achieve & sustain those practices.

To make a dent in the national efforts for reducing morbidity & mortality related to poor sanitation and resulting a dignified and healthy family

The behavior change communication will be done through following four ( 4) campaigns:

demand creation

technical options for the sanitation/ appropriate technology

hygiene campaign

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sustaining behavior change

It will be futher shared with the participants that the campaign will be conducted of following levels and for each level 1000 pak rupees has been allocated in the budget:

household

community

religious place

school

Type of IEC material

Messages When Where How

hoarding boards

hand washing before eating food and after use of latrine

During campaigns

or when required

At place where there are play grounds, on main roads, bus stands, eating places

CRP, social organizers and village sanitation committee can decide that how the messages will be displayed

Poster Messages for hand washing for females

During campaigns or hygiene sessions arranged by female CRP at house hold level

At place where 20-25 participants can be gathered at one place

CRP and social organizer in coordination with VSC will decide the arrangement of session

Poster Messages for hand washing for children’s

During campaigns or hygiene sessions arranged by male/female CRP or school teacher in school level

At places where children gather for assembly or in the class room, can be placed at the hand washing station

School teachers, CRP and social organizer will decide how the sessions will be conducted

Flip Charts Messages on personal and house hold hygiene

For hygiene session is schools or at house hold level

In hygiene session in class or in community for a gathering of 20-25 persons

School teachers, CRP and social organizer will decide how the sessions will be conducted

Basic skills required for facilitator

A community resource person’s best tool is to deliver the triggering session and develop effective communication with the local community. The important qualities that will be discussed can be;

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1. Facilitator stands at a place where participants can see the facilitator directly.

2. Communicates with the participants and make an eye contact.

3. Facilitator must be active and maintains a comfortable distance from the participants.

4. The facilitator shall not involve is activity which might distract the participants.

5. While interacting with participant the good facilitator makes appropriate verbal and

nonverbal communication

6. Facilitator is a good observer and because of this the facilitator can assess the interest

of participant.

7. Carefully listening to the participant.

8. Making appropriate questions to keep the interest of the participants.

Linkages development

The CRP has to develop linkages with grass root level stakeholders who are directly linked with sanitation program and can be one of the development actor in awareness raising as part of sanitation campaigns; A few of them are:

1. SO

2. VSC

3. WASH clubs

4. Sanitary marts/local manufacturers

5. Masons

The role of external stake holders can be variable and they may not be directly part of

sanitation program activities. One must know that external stakeholders can be;

1. Parent teacher association

2. Micro financing institutes

3. School management councils

4. Lady health worker

5. Masons other than sanitation project

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Masson

In providing sanitation services the mason plays an important role as the trained mason will

provide the support to construct a latrine which provides a safe solution of human excreta

disposal. The technical services of mason will help the community to utilize the available

resources effectively and efficiently. Salient features of masons role in community:

To provide technical support to construct the sanitation services.

Mason will make the appropriate decisions about the type of latrine as per the need,

availability of water, terrain and available material and resources.

Masons will be well aware of the gender needs and needs of people with disability, so as

per the situation is able to introduce innovative designs.

Where ever possible masons can take up the overlapping role of entrepreneur and can

provide low cost sanitation solution

Enterprenure and mart owners

As the demand of sanitation products increases a pressure will be build to increase the supply

of sanitation products. Hence the role of entrepreneur and mart owner cannot be neglected. The

Social Mobilization

for fixed point

defecation

Community

Convinced and

wants to

construct latrine

CRP/SO/Natural

leaders has

created demand

Community

needs contacts

of supplier,

and low cost

product

The person who

will transport

the material

Masson who will

construct low cost

appropriate

model

Sustainability and

poorest of the

poor who need

support

Village

organization,

for support

Community Schools,

want to use safe

sanitation and

sustainability

SMC, PTA,

School WASH

club

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entrepreneur has very intricate role in decision making of opting a sanitation solution. As the

power of market that may influences the decisions of community are very important. Many a

time various products sales reveal that some of the products are insensitive to prices they are

purchased on the bases of priority or survival.

The entrepreneur will provide the low cost sanitation products to the local community.

The entrepreneur will introduce the innovative products and provide the products as per

the local and cultural trends of the community.

The entrepreneur can take the initiative to provide concessions to provide the material

for the construction of latrine in school or mosque.

Provision of maintenance material for latrines along with other related products.

Village organization/village sanitaiton committee

Village organization is an important stake holder which can play an important role in the

sustainability of ODF communities.

The village organization will keep the record of base line profile of the village and house

hold profile.

The VO will develop the community action plan for the village which will identify that how

the village will achieve ODF status.

The VO will allocate responsibility to each house hold for fixed point defecation and

social mobilization to climb up on sanitation ladder.

The VO will encourage the linkages among the mason, entrepreneur, mart owners,

CRP, SO and natural leaders.

The VO will prepare their village level WASH road maps and will coordinate with UC

level authority to develop plans for total sanitation.

VO will support the local social support system to provide the support to the poorest of

the poor to construct the solutions for safe excreta disposal.

VO will develop a plan for subsidy for those who are unable to construct the latrine like

those who are disable, women headed house hold, very old people.

The VO will coordinate with school authorities, markets, local hospitals to mobilize the

funds for provision of services to those who visit the places.

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The VO will develop a mechanism of operation and maintenance of public sanitation

services so that the factors of functionality and sustainability can be ensured even at the

end of project.

The VO is the forum where the females and children can raise their issues related to WASH, through their forums like female VO and WASH clubs.

SMC, PTA, school WASH club

The SMC, PTA and school WASH club if active can play a very important role in

providing the services to school.

They will provide the functional sanitation services to the children and teachers.

School sanitation committees will provide the clean and safe sanitation facility.

WASH club will share the hygiene messages.

WSH club will ensure that hand washing stations are provided and soap is available.

WASH club will ensure that wash rooms are accessible to male and female children

during school hours.

WASH club will propagate if the proper services for disable children is not available in

the school.

WASH forums will celebrate the hygiene events to raise awareness among the

community.

WASH club will generate resources for maintenance of facilities through different

activities.

WASH club will represent the school to respective VO, they will give their opinion in

construction of facilities for the students.

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AGENDA Day 1

The day 1 session will start from 0845 and will end at1330

Registration of participants 30 min

Recitation from the Holy Quran 5 min

Welcome address/Introduction of participants 10 min

Norms or expectations of participants 5 min

Objectives of training 5 min

Pakistan sanitation situation – an overview and introduction to PATS 30 min

Introduction to SPSP project commercial and social marketing 45 min

PRA and triggering tools 60 min

Day 1 – Reflections, two way feed back 60 min

AGENDA Day 2

The Day 2 sessions will start from 0845 and will end at 1330



Practical demonstration of tools 90 min

Practical demonstration 120 min

Day 2 –Reflections, two way feed back

AGENDA Day 3

The Day 3 sessions will start from 0845 and will end at 1330



Low cost sanitation options 60 min

Facilitation skills 30 min

Role of different stakeholders 60 min

BCC campaigns and IEC material 60 min

End of session

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Agenda

Three day training agenda of CRPs

Day 1

Time Activity Process Responsibility

0830-0900 Registration of Participant The participant will register on provided formats

0900-0905 Recitation of Holy Quran One of the volunteer will recite few verses from Holy Quran; the

facilitator can guide the volunteer to prepare the verses relevant to

importance of hygiene.

0905-0930 Welcome address/

introduction of the

participant

The participants will be asked to give their introduction by telling their

name ,uc/village from which they belong, number of years they have

been working with sanitation programs and their one quality and

weakness.

0930—0945 Objectives of the Training The objectives of the assignment will be displayed on power point

presentation and explained to the participants

0945-1015 Norms setting &

expectations of the

participants

The participants will be asked to set the norms

1015-1045 Sanitation situation in

Pakistan – an overview and

introduction to PATS

Power point presentation and group discussion

0830-0900 Registration of participant The participant will register on provided formats

10:30-10:45 Tea Break

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1100-1145 Introduction to SPSP-Rural This will be power point presentation supported by visual slides.

Group work: The participants will be asked to identify the major

sanitation issues in their area and what interventions were done to

resolve these issues through sanitation programs. Identify their

weaknesses and strengths

1145-1300 PRA & CLTS triggering

tools

The facilitator will explain each tool to the participants through Power point presentation and then perform the same tool. The participants will be asked to ask the questions so that the tools and the skills how to practice those tools in the community can be learned in this session

1330 Lunch break

Day 2

8:30-8:45 Registration Participant led

8:45-8:55 Recitation of Holy Quran One of the volunteer will recite the verses

8:55-0915 Review of the previous day

activity

This will be done by the participants and facilitator will encourage the

participants to contribute in discussion

0915-1015 Practical Demonstration The facilitator will assign the roles of lead facilitator, observer, co-

facilitator, environment settler and note taker.

The roles will be assigned to the participants and they will perform the

triggering in a class room environment.

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1015-1030 Tea Break

1030-1330 Practical application of triggering tools in the field

The field work

1330 Lunch

Day 3

0845-0900 Registration Participant led

0900-0905 Recitation of Holy Quran One of the participant will recite the few verses from Holy Quran which

are relevant to importance of hygiene

0905-0930 Recap of the day The participants will prepare their presentation about the triggering

exercise in the community which will address the

Process

Observation

Challenges

What went well and what did not worked

0930-10:30 Low cost sanitation option The facilitator will give power point presentation and group discussion

about the low cost sanitation options. At the end of session the

participants will be asked to prepare their low cost latrine model and

present

10:30-10:45 Tea break

10:45-1115 Facilitation Skills The participants will be asked to discuss the qualities of good

facilitator. Each quality will be enlisted on a flip chart and then

displayed.

1115-1230 BCC campaign &IEC The facilitator will explain the IEC material its type and use. The IEC

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material material will be used for the session.

Participants will be given a view about the concept of campaign

Group Work:

The participants will be asked to shuffle in groups and prepare the

campaign on sanitation

1-Theme of campaign

2-Target audience

3-Specific messages

4-Medium of sharing the information and messages

5-Time, date and logic of selection

1230-1330 Linkage development This will be a group discussion and brain storming session. The

participants will share their experience about sanitation stake holders

and will understand their role.

1:30-2:30 Lunch

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Selection Criteria for Participant

Selection of the participant is one of the important steps in the training cycle and later on will

help in the training need assessment. A flexible criterion is shared in guide book which can be

modified as per the requirement or addition of new aspects in the project activities.

Selection Criteria Yes No

Equal number of men and women are encouraged to be part of team

Age of CRP should be not less than 18 years (possessing national ID card)

The person must be local resident

Speak local language

Willing to do voluntary work in the community

Able to communicate with the local community and mobility is not an issue for the selected person

It will be preferable if the person can read and write the minimum criteria are matriculate but the criteria can be made flexible if the relevant person is not available. Mostly the criteria can be flexible for the females, as the literate rate in Pakistan among females are very low

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Registration Sheet

Community Resource Person Data Base

S. No

Name

Gender Age

District UC Address Contact

Education Experience

(Community work)

M F

18 to 22

23 to 28

29 to 34 35 + Primary Middle Matric

FA

BA

MA > = 5

6 to 10

11 to 15

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Pre & post test

Date: Venue:

Name of the trainee Designation

Organization District

Trainer’s Name

A. Please write true/false against statements given below:

S#

Statement

True

False

1.

Currently in Pakistan, 52 % of population does not have access to sanitation facility

2. PATS means “ Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation”

3. CRPs and School children can play very active role in demand creation

4. There is only one type of latrine available

5. Hand washing place is not the part of latrine solution

6. ODF is open defecation free communities

7. The availability of water in the latrine is important to make it functional

8. “ODF” status of a community means that “community is protected against natural disasters”

9. VIP latrine model is one of the cheapest and easy to construct model of latrine

10. Sanitation marketing is a concepts about establishing vegetable market in the village

11. The minimum cost for construction of a latrine is 35 thousands rupees

12. IEC material is used to sensitized the community members about problem and solution related to a particular issue prevailing in a community

13. In latrine construction type of the soil and ground water level are important.

14. Superstructure and ground structure must be built on the available latrine material available in the latrine.

15. CRP is a representative of Government Department

Signature by Trainee _______________________


Rural Support Programmes Network (RSPN)

House No.07, Street 49, F-6/4 Islamabad, Pakistan

Tel: 00-92-51-2829141, 2829556

2822476, 2826792, 2821736

Fax: 00-92-51-2829115

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.rspn.org

Documents

Guidance for Community Resource Persons