PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK NEGARA

SPLN 24:19E|clLampiran Surat Keputusan Direksi PLN

No. 040/DlR/80, Tanggal 21 M e i 198O

GiUItrIE FG'FI CctMMIsiSIcIMIVGi,

cIPEFtArrcIrv Al\ttrr

MAINTENANCE cIF

trIIESiEL ENG'II\IESi

D E P A R T E M E N P E R T A M B A N G A N D A N E N E R G I

PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK NEGARA- t '

J L T R U N O J O Y O M I / 1 3 5 - K E B A Y O R A N B A R U - J A K A R T A

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SPLN 24 : 1980

GUIDE FOR COMMI$SIONING, OPERATION AND I \4AINTENANCE

O F D I E S E L E N G I N E S

Disusun oleh

K E L O M P O K P E M B A K U A N B I D A N G P E M B A N G .

KITAN dengan Surat Keputusan Direksi Per-

usahaan Umum Llstr ik Negara No. 145/DlR/79 tanggal 18 Desember 1979.

KELOMPOK KERJA COMMISSIONING PLI 'L )dengan Surat Keputusan Direktur Pusat Penye-f id ikan Masalah Kel istr ikan No. 014lLMK179tanggal 31 Desember 1979.

D i te rb i tkan o leh :

D E P A R T E M E N P E R T A M B A N G A N & E N E R G I

P E R U S A H A A N U M U M L I S T R I K N E G A R A

Jl. Trunoioyo l / l l /135-Kebayoran Baru

JAKARTA.

JAKARTA, 1980.

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SPLN 24 : 1980

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SUSUNAN ANGGOTA KELOMPOK PEMBAKUAN BIDANG PEIVIBANGKITAN

Sura t Keputusan D i reks i Perusahaan Umum L is t r i k Negara

No. : 145 lD l1 l79

Tanggal : 13 Desember 1979

Kepala Bagian Pembakuan, Pusat(ex-of f ic io)

lr. Koesaeni Sastrodinoto

Penyel id ikan Masalah Kel istr ikanKetua merangkap

3. lr. Soenarjo Sastrosewoio

4, (Di tetapkan kemudian)

5. Civ. l r rg. Suwarno Suardjo

6. l r . Wikoebroto

7. lr. Sabarto Pradono

8. l r . Moel jono

9. l r . Oentoro

10. l r . Margono Hal imoen

11. l r . Sud janad i

12. l r . Ardi Yogi

13 . l r . Sudadyo

"14. l r . Nabr is Kat ib

15. l r . Samhir Sasmitaatmadia

Sebagai Ketua Harian merangkapAnggota Tetap

Sebagai Sekretaris merangkapAnggota Tetap

Sebagai Waki l Sekretar is merangkapAnggota Tetap

Sebagai Anggota Tetap

Sebagai Anggota Tetap

Sebagai Anggota Tetap

Sebagai Anggota Tetap

Sebagai Anggota Tetap

Sebagai Anggota Tetap

Sebagai Anggota Tetap

Sebagai Anggota TetaP

Sebagai Anggota Tetap

Sebagai AnglEota Tetap

Sebagai Anggota Tetap

Ketua merangkapAnggota Tetap

Sekretar is merangkapAnggota Tetap

Anggota Tetap

Anggota Tetap

Anggota Tetap

SUSUNAN ANGGOTA KELOMPOK KERJA COMMISSIONING PLTD

Surat Keputusan Direktur Pusat Penvel id ikan Masalah Kel istr ikanNo. : 0 1 4 / L M K l 7 9Tanggal : 31 Deserrber i 979

1. l r . Koesaeni Sastrodinoto

2. lr. Margosantoso

3. l r . Soepr i janto

4. l r . Sur johadiputro

5 . Sdr . Ha l im BEE

SPLN 24 : 1980

GUIDE FOR COil{I{ ISSIONING. OPfrttAi IOI ' .1AND NIAINTENANCE OF DIESEL ENGINES

CH,API-ER i : GENERAL

1. Scope and obiect

The purpose of this guide isto establish, in a general way, suitable proccrlures firr cornmissioning dieselengines and associated equipment, and to iiiclicate how such diesel engines alri cquipment should be operatedand maintenaned.

It is understood that a publication of this type wiil be binding only if'. arrd to the extent that, bcihcontracting parties have agreed upon it.

T'lie gr:ide exchJdes matters of pureiy ccmmercial interest, except thr:se irrextricably bound upwith theconduct of commissioning, operation and maintenance.

The griide applies to diesel engines of ail types, ancl especially to large dicsel engines directly coupie dto electric generator..

Tire guide is not concemedwithgeneralors,exceptwhere theycannot lre sc;rnv;11t4 fiom the engine andits equipment.

Wherever'the guide specil ies that docurrents, drawings or inforrrtaliotr slrall be supplied by amanufac-turer (or by manufacturers), each individu;Lt nranufacturer shail be requir*d til {irirrish the appropriate infor-mation for his own supply only.

'Ihe guide refers to standards of Intemational Stalclards Organizatioit ([SO) and includes, but is not li-nrited to, the following standards :

a) ISA 3249 * r97s(E)

b) rso 2710 * 1978(E/irlR)

c) ISO 3046 lI'197 5(E)

d) rso 3046lrr - 1977(E)

e) ISO 3046/lll - 1979(E)

f) rso 3046/rv * 1,978(E)

sl ISO lzvt - 1972(E)

h) rso lzos * 1972(E)

2" Teirns and definitionsTerms2..1 Cunrrnisri lnrt ir tg

-- lteciprocating intenral ConrbusLirxt lrnginesDefirrit ions oiLocations on an [:,nplirrt

- Reciprocating Internal Combustiort lr irgirtesVocabulary (or Ceneral Definit ions )"

. * Reciprrocating Internai Combuslion i. itrgirrestr)erl'orrnance part I :Standard Reference Condit ions arr t l l )cclarat ions oi Power, FuelCotisumption and Lubricating Oil f ' t,r, ' , ' r rttption.

- Reciprocat ing lntemal Combust io i r l :nsurcsPerl'onnance part Il :Test MethoOe.

- I ieciprocating lnternal Cornbusliorr l:ng;inesPerf"onrrzurce part III :Tesl [4easurement.

- R.eciprocating lnternal Combustion frrrgilresPerformance part IV :Spced Coverniug.

- Reciprocating Internal Conrbustion t 'nginr;sDesignation of the Directi<;n of l lo ta l ion.

* Reciprocat ing Intemai Cornbust i r i r r [ :ngirresDesignation of the Cylinders.

Defuiitions'Iesting of new equipment to cher:k its conformity with contractualspecific;rl icns" as well as operation ol' ihe equipment unti l formallyaccepted by the purchaser.

SPLN 24 : 1980

2,2 Operation

2.3 Maintenance

2.4 Pre-start tests

2.5. Init ial run

2.6. Test run

2.7 Test operation

2,8. Test operat ion per iod

2.9 Test service

2. I 0 Commercial service

2.l l Commercial service period

2.12 Guarantee period

2.13 Inspection

2.14 Maintenance inspection

2.15 Repair

2.16 Modif icat ion

2.17 Overhaul

Utilization of the equipment to produce energy, or a state of re-adiness for such production.

Activity on the equiprnent directed to its conservatiorr in a state ofoptimum operatin g condition.

Test between completion of erection of the equipment and initialrun.

First movement of rotating parts after erection.

Operation to obtain one set of data for a specific test.

Utilization of the equipment for testing purposes.

Test period following initial run and followed by test service. Itincludes noJoad runs for checking power plant equipnrent, as wellas load runs and load rejection tests.

Operation of the equipment for an agreed period, during which themanufacturer is generally responsible for the way in which it is ope-rated.

Operation of the equipment. under the purchaser's responsibility,to produce energy, or a state of readiness for such operation.

Period starting after acceptance and including service periods, aswell as periods when the equipment may be out of operation formaintenance, inspection, repairs, etc.

Time, extending through an agreed part of the commercial serviceperiod, during which the manufacturer has comrnercial obligationsto correct defects in his equipment in order to bring it into confor-mity with the contract. For this purpose, tests in accordance withthe appropriate parts of Subclause I1.1.4, shall be performed.

Check on the condition of equipment.

Inspection at regular intewals, often combined with incidental re-pairs.

Restoration after wear or damap.

Change intended to improve performance.

Complete inspection with necessary repairs and/or modificationsintended to bring the unit or part of it to, or nearly to, the optimumfunc tioning c ondition.

3. Data on operating conditions

3.1 A fundamental requirenrent for proper operation and maintenance is a satisfactory knowledge of thediesel engine and its accessories by the purchaser's penonnel.The manufacturer (ntanufacfurers) shall deliver to the purchaser's responsible representatives all neces-sary documents, intructions and information.They shall include :

general drawings and data;material lists, descriptions and test certificates for main parts;function diagranrs, if any;

- instructions fol operation, inqpection and rnaintenance of his supply and tables of measurements;assembly and disnrantling instructions and/or ex.ploded view of the parts, if any;safety instructions;

- list of origiltal spare parts, as stated in the contract.

SPLN 24 : 1980 '

These documents, even in a preliminary fonn, shall be given to the purchaser's representatives as soonas required and, in any case, before the initial run.

3.2. The documents subrnitted by the manufacfurer (manufacturers) shall include the foliowing data, some

of which may be amended accordurg to experience gathered during com-tnissi<ning.

1) Factory Test report2) Infoimation on crankshaft alignment data, valve clearances and other settings.

3) CharacterisLics of the goveming system.4) Description of lubrication systems, stating amount and characteristics of lubricants and frequency

of replacentent.5) Desoription of fuei system.6) Description of cooling system7) Adjustrnent of overspeed protection device.

8) Maximum and rninimum tenrceratures in cooling water circuits, htltricattng oil circurts urd bear-

ings (alarm alrd shut down values).

9) Ma.x.imurn and minimum pressures, flows zurd levels in cooling water circuits, lubricating oii cir-

cuits, accorCing to control .svstem (alarm and shut dorvn values).

10) Maximum exhaust gas temperature.1 1) Firing pressure.12) Data on electric ntotors, pumps and otlter accessories.

13) Safety instructions for test and operating staff.

14) Otlier data cif importarrce which are consiclered necessary by either purchaser or manufacturer for

safe operation of tire equipment or forinstnrction of personnel.

3.3 The ma.nr-rfacturer(s) shall give anpropriate instructions to the purchaser's staff and provide the infor-

nration stated in Subclause 3.2 on operaling the equipment during the firral stage of erection, initial

run, test runs and test service period. particulaily for all items not previously trsed by the purchaser.

During the final stage of erection, the start, the test runs and test service, the purchasei shall make his

staff available to the manufacfiner ibrinstruction and trainingin order that tlrcy nray be capable of ope-

rating properly the diesei engine and associatecl equipment.

3.4 During the grarantee period, tlie equiprnent shall not be operated outsrde the limits stated in the con-

tract withotit agreement r"vith the manrrt'acturer.

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4 . 1

4.2

4,3

4,,7

CHAPTER l l : COtt / lMlSSlONlNG

Gerrerai

Commissioning occurs after first erection of a nelv unit. Similar procedures nray also be utilized with or

withoul formal acceptance after repair or overhaul.

The operating requirements given in Ciause 3 shall be complied with dtrring conunissioning. If the ope'

rating conditions of the power station prevent commi.ssioning within tlrese requirements, the purchaser

and manufacturer shall a gee on the commissioning procedure.

Fgr correct interpretation and deterrninalion of the causes of any unexpcctctl phenometta, it wil l be ad'

vantageous to make simultaneous recordings of signilicant parameters on a recording instrument. Each

recolding shall mention the tine altd date.

f i ir r ir{ ' l ,rn^h4ser's responsibil i ty to obtain from all the authorit iescolicemed,agreements on specified

cont l i I i r r r is f i r r lest ooerat ion.

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SPLN 24 : 1980

5. Test coordinator

A test co-ortlinator shall be chosen by the purchaser, the main contractors and the manufacturers. He is

in charge of 6rawing up tlrc l)rtrgrunnre of cornmissioning. His programme shall be checked and approved by

fie purchaser. the nrail pranulacturers and contractors before and during the tests if changes appear tobe ne'

cessary. t le s[all conduct (lrr: tusts and check the results.

The test co-ordinator is rcsponsible for the execution of all tests up to the beginnirlg tt l l l io tt 'st sutvice

period. Operating and coriurrissir:ning personnel shall report to the co'ordinator on all oper.lt l t ' l i ;r 1;etl ' ttttttci l

on the equ ipment .

6. Pre-start tests

Pieparaticrn for diesel enginc start-up

Belore tlre engipe is rcatiy for starfup, the generator, ils well as auxiliary and stand'by equipment. shall

be checked. At least the l ir l lorvirrg ire.rns shall be checked and results recorded by the test co-ordinator.

Flywheel bolt nuts are rightened to the requirecl ,torque value ancl the cotter pins or roll pins are in

place.Cenerator shaft bearirigs are correctly aligned, clean and filled to the required level with the required

lubr icant"3i Jacking screws or levi:lirrg screws are backed off.

4) All foundation bgit ttttts arc tigfttened to the required torque

5) },. leasureinent of crankshalt alignment and thrust clearance.

6) Proper iastening ol'all piping systems and their conformity

value.

to its recomtnendations as noted on flow

diagrarnr and scltematirs fumished with the engine.

7) C[ecking of electric nrLrt()rs ancl pumps for correct rotation and lubrication.g) Cirecking ,rf goveLner lirr correct oil and oil level, governor linkage, fuel injection and pump control

l in kage.9\ Checking of intakc air lllter for correct assembly, cleanliness and filled to the correct level with the re'

conunentled fluicl

l0) Checking of air cornpressor for cleanliness and filled to the conect level with the recommended lubri'

cating cil.l l) Checking of lubricating oil tjlters and the fuel oil filters for correct filling with the recommended car'

tridges.12) Inspection of the lube oil strainer for cleanliness. that there tue no burrs,

debris which could c(lnte loose and enter the engine oil system.

scraps of metal or welding

l3) Inspectiqn of jackct \varer system that there are noleaksinside and outside of the engine.

ta,i Checki;rg of fuel oi! day tank and its entire piping system that there are no leaks andvalves are in their

normal operat ing Posi t i i l t r .r 5 ) Inspection of rgulccl anns, push rods, nozzles holden and injection pumps that their nuts and bolts are

in place arrd tight, corrcr pins in place and fuel line nuts and fittings are all in place and tight.

l6 ) Checking of starting air tanks and the starting system. Also safety shutdown devices on their proper

funci.ion.\rvhen all conditions have been met, the diesel engine is ready for starting.

7. Initial run

After the test co-orclinator has Fven permission, the diesel generator is started under manual control,

according to the manuf'actu rcr's requirements.

If any noise, scrrping or other abnormal phnomena is observed, or if an authorized representative of any

manufacture so requests. the unit shall be shut down immediately.

8. Test ruhs

B.l No-load testsg. l. I The upit is kept under rnanual control at or above the starting speed until all temperature's are satisfac-

tory to the manufacturers' represeutatives.

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SPLN 24 : 198O

If any temperature is excessive or increases too rapidly, the unit shail be shut down and the causes of tirisphenornenon investigated and corrected.If all goes weil, the unit speed shall be increased in pre-arranged steps up to the raterJ value, remaining at eachzuccessive speed until the rate of rise of all ternperahrres is satisfactory to the nrarruf'rcturers' representatives.

8" 1.2 During the test run, at least the following measurements andior obsen'alions shall be made :l) Noise or vibration in the diesei engine and/or generator.2) Operating conditions of safety and signal devices, in particular those which could not be properly tested

before the unit rotated.3) Operating conditions for the oil pressure and other pumps.4) Oil pressure, in lubrication systems.5) Preszure, circulation, inlet and outlet temperature of cooling water.6) Temperatures of bearings and lubrication oil.7) Temperature of exhaust gas.8) Fuel pumps rack.9) Engine speed.

8.1.3 The functioning of the goveming system may be checked at this tirne'and.with thegovcmoroperatingcorrectly, the diesel engine may be used for dry-out, tests on the electrical equiprrrent, protection and auto-matic devices, etc.

8.1.4 When the noJoad test at rated speed is completed, the diesel engine speed is carefully increased, stillrrnder manuai control, for checking the action of overspeed protection devices.The set speed fcrr each device shall be measured and any necessary adjustments nratle. After the load rejectiontests, a further adjustment of the overspeed device settrng may be required.

8.2 Load run and load rejection tests

8.2" I GerteralWhen the generatc'r and switching equipment have been declared ready {or operation, the unit may be

rynchronized. During the load rejection tests, all necessary precautions shail be takcrr.Such precautions may include setting govemor tirnh gat a slower-thandesign rate. \\/lrerr adjustrrients are matleon go\remor or regulating devices, all tests which might be affected by the adjustnrerrt shall be repeated.

8.2.2 }}.rrposesThe purposes of load run and load rejection tests are :

l) io check, with an agreed accuracy, the output of the unit, compared to the documents listed in Sub.clause 3.2;

2\ to check 'uhe unit for instability, vibration in tlte range of guaranted loads:3) to check the ful'r;tioning of govemor and regplating devices, as well as llrat of tlrc entire unit;4) to deterrnine the momentary speed variations of the unit and to find thcir cxtrenre values;5) to pemrit testing of the operation of other diesel engine and electrical equipment, including protection

and other automatic devices.

8.2.3 ProcedureThe load shall be increased in steps and a load rejection test made at successivcly higher loads up tc' the

rnaximum expected to be placed orr the unit (for example, rejections rnay be rnade at25'/0,SWo,75%andIOU/o of rated load, as weli as from the maximum load that may be agree d upon ).

Two rejections shall be made at each load. One rejection is made under governor control to no-load,ihe other shall be an emergency shut-down.

If sper:if ied, load rejection tests shall also be made by means of any otlrcr cnrcrgcncy device.After the completion of each load rejection test, the engine speed rise data shall be analized to ensure

that the speci{ied satb limits will not be exceeded during the next higher load rejection test.

SPLN 24 : 1980

8.2.4 Observations, measurentents and recordtngsDuring these tests, tlre test co-ordinator shall ensure, where possible, that the following observations and

measurements are nrade alrt l recrlrt led :a) Steady-state operatiorr

l ) Generator outpu t .2'1 Fuel pump rack.3) Corvrbustion pre ssure.4) Engine speed5) Exlraust tet t rperature6) Charge air pressLtre7) Noise levels, i l 'valrres are specified in the contract.8) Abnonnal noises. i f any.9) Vibration and otlrer displacement of rotating and fixed parts.

Load reiection and subsctluettt tests.

b ) l ) Gcnera torou tpu t .2) Frrel pump rae k.3) Cr"nSrtr ton Ptcssure.d) i:ngine speed.5 i Jinr€ speed relationship of the unit.6) Exl '3usl temPerature.7) [] ia:ge air prcssrr re.8) Noise levels, i l 'valucs are specified in the contract.9) Aiin,:nnal noise s, if any.

10) Vihration antl other displacement of rotating and fixed parts.

I l) Aciion of ernentency stopping device. if specified.

It rs recorrrmended that after the test operation period (Sub-clause 2.8), an inspection clt the unit becarned cut, e.g. to check f';r ;rny possible nrbbing contact which may have occurred.If ,Jurlng the tests (Sub-clatrse 8.2) unusual phenomena or vibration have been observed, inspection must becarried out prioi to the sllrt t i t ' t lrc test service period (Sub<lause2.9).

CHAPTER III : OPERATION

9, Generai

Thc operation period includes the following parts :- tesl Service,- commercial seryice, diyidgd into : guarantee perioC, post-Suaranteo period.

The sub.clauses on test seryice snd the guarantee period shall be applied to new unit! after first erectionand cc[unissioning, or lo dny unit after repair or overhaul carried out by a manufacturer or a contractor.Clause 12 on commercial scrvice after the guarantee period may be applied as long as the unit is in operation.

10. Test ser.'ice periori

10,1 If nothing unusua.l has been observed during the load run and load rejectiott tests, the test s€wice pedodshall follow. As tlre rnanulacturer is generally responsible for his equipment durlng test seryice and also for theway ln which it is operated, it is reconrnended that the purchaser's persormel opemte the equipment under themanufacturels guidancc during lest service.'After

ttre first erection, the test seryice period should be long enough to satlsfy the purchaser that allcomponentJ are in satisfacrory operating condition. After an overhaul, the test service period can be shortenedor eve:l omitted.

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SPLN 24 : 1980

10.2 The duration of the final part of the test service period during which the unit must operate withoutany intemrption shall be stated in the contract.

10.3 During the test service period, the purchaser's staff shall study the functioning of the equipment andequipment and record at regular intervals (at least once a day, at the beginning once an houi or even moreoften).Ihese records shali deal with the items in the following list where they apply :

lubricating oil temperaturesraw water temperaturesjacket water temperaturesinjector cooling w ater temperaturesexhaust gas temperaturescharge air pressureturbocharger speedlubricating oil pressurefuel oil pressurecornbustion pressurenet power at alternator terminalspower consumed by simultaneous engine auxiliaries operatingfuel rack readingsgovemor settingsexcitation dataV, A, kVAr, power factor data.

Observations shall also be made regarding :functioning of govemor;

action of interlocks and signaUingdevices;air admission;circulation of lubricating oil and cooling water;effectiveness of lubrication at various points, filters and coolers; oil quaf ity;

ambient air temperature and surface temperature of surrounding nrachines (such as electrical gene-

rated).The staff shall also observe noise, bangs, vibration, leakage, etc., in the unit and record such phnumena

and the circumstances under which they ware observed.

10.4 At the end of the test service period, the lubricating systems shall be checkctl frrr irnpurities.

10.5 When ihe test service period has been successfully completed, conrnercial seryice under the responsi-bility of the purchaser begins. At the same time, the guarantee period begins ancl the contracting parties shaliboth place this on recold.

1 l. Commercial servicei 1.1 Guarantee periodI 1.1.1 Measurements and observations

The measurements and observations specified in Clause l0 shall also bc nracle during conunercial service.Depending on operating conditions, the intervals between mostmeasurenrents can be extended. The time anddate for eacir nreasurement or observation shall be recorded.

l l . l .2 Shut-downIf any trouble occurs and cannot be immediately corrected, e.g. a sudden terrrperature rise in bearings or

pressure decrease in pressure oil unit, the unit shall be shut down.

11.1.3 l {epairWherr ilrspection indicates flre need for a repair during the guarantee period, such repair should be made

only by agreemenI with the manufacturer.

SPLN 24 : 1980

I 1.1.4 Acceptance testsAcceptance tests may be completed in accordance with the following :

l) Efficiency and power tests should be perfornred accurding to the relevant standarrls ol ' lS() us rrrlcrre(lto in Clause 1.

2) The test programme shall include at least the following sequency without intermediate stops :a) one hour 50', '{, l ,,utl followetl without intemrptionb) two houn 75'/, ' loatl l ir l lowed without interruptionc) one hour l\V/, l,r;rtJ f ir l lowed without interruptiond) one hour l lA/,, load followed without interruptione) three hours lA0',/,, load lollowed without intemrptionDuring each of tlte rbovc phases the fuel consumption will be measured and indicator diagrams of all

cylinders are taken.

I l. l .5 Speed-governing sysrernsThe acceptance tests of speed-governing systems should be performed and evaluated according to ISO

3M6/lV-1978 (U) : Perfornrance-Part IV : Speed Governing, where applicable, otherwise by agreement bet-ween manufacturer and purchaser,

I 1.1.6 Guarantee inspect iorrThis zub-clause concems only the guarantee items in the contract. On a date agreed by manufachrrer

and purchaser (usually just before the end of the guarantee period), aguarantee inspection of the unit shall beperformed.

The manufacturer's representative strall be invited to take part in the guarantee inspection.The guarantee inspectitrn shall cover operations and checks gjven in Sub-clause 13.1.The parries (manu['acturer and purchaser) shall make a joint record of the results of the inspection.

These records shall list all nreasurers to be taken, name the party to peiform them and which party shall bearthe expense and progrannle rlrc work.

ll,2 Post-guarantee periodThe measurements and observations specified in Clause 10 may be continued after the guarantee period.

The intervals between measurenrents and their extent are determined by the purchaser himself.If any unusual phenurnenon is observed or noted on a recording, the purchaser shall decided whether

the unit continues to operate or wliether if must be shut down for inspection.

C!-IAPTER lV : MAINTENANCE

i 2. General

12.l lr{aintenance consists of preventive and restorative activities (repair)One purpose for both preventive and restorative maintenance is to search for causes of damage and wear

with the object of eliminating them.The purpose of preventive maintenance is to reduce wear and the probability of damage or breakdown.

The purpose of restorative niaintenance is to restore damaged and/or worn parts to their optimum condition.

12.2 Maintenance activities concern all parts of the engine and associated equipment such as :piping system;fi*ed and rotating engine pads;

: control and regtrlating devices with their associated equipment;lubricating and cooling systems;automatic sequencing and safety devices;control board ancl rneasuring appratus related to the turbine.

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SPLN 24 : 1980

i2.3 Loss of efiiciency and/or strength of machinery can generally be traced to one or a combination of thefoliowing causes :

a) wear due to abrasive nratter in the lube oii;b) fatigue stress phenomena;c) detective material, not previcusly discovered;d) operation or maintenance not in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and/or in-

structions;e) faiiures in electrical connections or mechanical linkages.Wesr due to abrasrve content in the iube oil will usually appear on bearings, pistons, piston rings, liner.

12.4 Experience of rvear during the first part of commercial service (i.e. during the guarantee period) can beulsed tc.r estiniate the date of the next inspection.

12.5 Repaiis during the guarantee period shall be made according to Sub-clause I I . I .3.

Repairs and overharrl after.qrralified pdr$.

13. Basic for maintenance activities

l3.l A numher of observations and checks shatl be made to provide a basis for rnaintenance activities; tirese

include :a] During rated speed operation :

operaiion of atl mechanical parts (any knocHng, abnormal noise, excessive vibration, temperature

i-ise);oil anclor water leaks;iubricating and cooling systems (levels, flttws, pressures, inlet and outlet temperatures);

gaveming systems;values set for the action oi sat'ety devices, as compared with initial valtres;

power generation, as well a.s for no-load operation.

bi During transients:maximur.r, morne ntary sPeed;

iressure change in lube the lube oil pressure system.t;rte to shut unit down;unusuai phenornena (any knocking, abnorrr,al noise, excessive vibratiolt, leala, etc.).

c) At siandstiil :p ressuies;leveis and temperahrres of lubricating oil;

closed positions of fuel purnp rack, as compared with initial values.

it) Durin5l nraintenance inspections and dunng repair activity :

Srear, darnage and cracks on othenrise inaccessible parts, e.g., nt)edles, nozzlcs, seals, wearing

dngs, hearings and linkage"

The sliut-down prior to regular inspection should be a full-load rejectiolt in order to check the regulating

rri€.chanism..

13.Z lt ls cgnvenient, for these observations and checks, to follow a check list prepared bei'orehand for tlie

paiticular upit and stating explicitly the fiequency of these observations and u'hat shall be noted during diffe'

rent stages.'$ihen

carrying out the observations indicated in Subclause 13.1, Itenr d ), the measurements shall be

recorded oii sheeis similar to those in t\e Appendix to this guide.

the guarantee period sirall be made by the manufacturer or by any other

SPLN 24 : 1980

14. Restoration to optimurn condition

In the restoration activity, two counes are open, namely :to replace worn or dlrr rage parts;to repair thernProcedures should be clrosen with due consideration to local conditions, purchaserrs requirenrettts, regu-

lations and experience.

15. Re*tarting

When starting a unit after overhaul, the same general procedure maybe followedasfortheinit ialstart.The results shall be contparerl with tlrose of the original tests and the causes of any fundamental differencesascertained.