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Guía ilustrativa Exposición Retrospectiva José Cruz Herrera.
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JOSÉ CRUZ HERRERA.
RETROSPECTIVA DE JOSÉ CRUZ
HERRERA EN SU 40 ANIVERSARIO
CONTENT Introduction 4
First steps 6
The years of study: from Sevilla to Madrid 10 Cruz Herrera, an international painter 14
Morocco a special story 16 The woman 26 Portraits 32 Nudes 40 Still lifes 44 Religious Themes 48 His contribution to the popular
feasts 54 Didactic Suggestions 59 Bibliography 61
TECHNICAL FORM
ORGANISATION: Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo
RECTOR: Salvador Ordóñez Delgado
DIRECTOR: Antonio Monclús Estella
CURATOR: Carmen Saban Vera
TECHNICAL COLLABORATION: Raquel Martínez Alcoba Álvaro Santos Ortiz
CONSULTANT: Sylvain Vieille-GrosJean
PHOTOGRAPHY: Ángel Brioso
TECHNICAL SECRETARY: Concepción Simón
PRINT : Lozano Impresores
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1. INTRODUCTION
The InternationalUniversityMenéndez Pelayo-Campo of Gibraltar, hosts in his headquarters of La
Línea the Exposition “Retrospectiva de José Cruz Herrera en su 40 aniversario”.
This exposition opens on the same date of his birth and intends to approach us the works of the
painter from La linea, depicting all that he saw and felt along his continues trips around his popular
culture of the land and those which one lived felling part of it.
The present guide made, responds to the interest to direct the public through the exposition as well
as anyone who wants to see the José Cruz Herrera Works from a more personal perspective. We will
do a route passing by the most important steps and with the master’s greatest influence, to finalize,
urging the readers to deepen their knowledge about it.
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6
FIRST STEPS
José Cruz Herrera was born on the 1st October of 1890 in La Línea de la Concepción
Since very young he shows an exceptional talent for paint, his first drawings begin to appear in the
school books.
During one Christmas he receives as present a paint box and he begins to make copies of the biggest
works of art. Ones of this child drawing can be found on the Cruz Herrera Museum background.
Just before leaving to Seville to improve his studies, he paints some little canvases with
representative places of his city, like the cemetery or the parochial church.
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Niño bebiendo de un cántaro
Óleo sobre lienzo
31 x 21 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera. La Línea
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Vista de la Iglesia de la Inmaculada La Línea. 1906
Óleo sobre lienzo
30 x 20 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera. La Línea
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10
THE YEARS OF STUDY: FROM SEVILLA TO MADRID
Cruz Herrera left Seville to learn from the master Gonzalo Bilbao. Cecilio Bilbao said about Herrera
that “With 20 years old, he begins to stand out as a genuinely andalusian painter”. ¹
After having studied in Seville, he leaves to Madrid under the protection of Fernando Villar, which
gives him a job that will permit him to pay a guest house, and paint during his free time.
On September of 1910, he passes the exam to enter to the Higher School of Fine Arts
Two years later, in 1912 he requests to the school director an enrollment of grace/ Free enrollment
so he can continue his studies on the landscape, old drawing, clothing, Artistic anatomy, perspective,
color esthetic theory and fine arts story subjects.
¹ BARBERÁN C. (1954) Cruz Herrera. Visión española de la obra de un pintor. Madrid: Ediciones de Arte Urbago. .
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Fruta de carne
Óleo sobre lienzo
71 x 61 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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A los toros
Óleo sobre lienzo
73 x 60 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera La Línea
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14
CRUZ HERRERA, AN INTERNATIONAL PAINTER
Cruz Herrera was a traveler “par excellence”. His concerns for other cultures and way of life makes
him spent periods of his life in cities like Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Roma, Paris and Casablanca.
Also, during his first years, he exposed his best paintings in Belgium, France, Switzerland and Italy,
where he became famous abroad.
In Roma and in Paris he extends his studies thanks to an award given by the “El circulo de Bellas Artes
de Madrid”. Years later, he will open a studio in the French capital.
Subsequently, he leaves the Cadiz port for Montevideo and Buenos Aires, where he exposes his past
Works and he realizes some new ones, commissioned by local distinguished.
It was Morocco, the land which he fell in love with, where he will pass a large period of his life and
where a big part of his work would be focused on.
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• La parisina • Óleo sobre lienzo • 80 x 64 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea.
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MOROCCO: A SPECIAL STORY
The painter from La linea was for many years sight-seeing Oversee the African lands from Gibraltar),
during the bright and clears days, the African lands from the Gibraltar area. In the twenties he
decides, finally, “look and study from close” ² the environment that lives on in the other side of the
strait.
He would later confess to be attracted by, “The human theme with this particular light. It seems that
varnished, that it gives at all that involve an extraordinary juiciness”³.
What at the beginning seemed to be a simple attraction was transformed into a real passion for this
country, he said about Casablanca that it was the only city that made him remember his native
Andalusia thanks to this special light
Apart from his intermittent trips to foreign countries, we can affirm, without discussion, that he
divided his artistic life between Morocco and Spain.
² CRUZ HERRERA JOSÉ, Conferencia pronunciada en el Instituto de Estudios Africanos de Madrid “33 años de pintura en Marruecos”, 23 febrero de 1961. (www.museocruzherrera.com)
3 PLEGUEZUELOS SÁNCHEZ J.A. (2011). José Cruz Herrera. Málaga: SARRIÁ, p.69.
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.
• Marruecos y España • Óleo sobre lienzo • 65 x 81 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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• Lluvia en Marraquech • Óleo sobre lienzo • 54 x 65 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea.
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• La esclava con la rosa • Óleo sobre lienzo • 65 x 54cm • Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea.
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• Moulay Driss • Óleo sobre lienzo • 61 x 50 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea.
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• Circuncisión • Óleo sobre lienzo • 46 x 55 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea.
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• Calle de Fez • Óleo sobre lienzo • 65 x 81 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea.
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• Las tres moritas • Óleo sobre lienzo • 91 x 64 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera.
La Línea. • Premio Princesa Sofía en
el XXXVI Salón de Otoño de Madrid, 1965
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• Judíos • Óleo sobre lienzo • 81 x 100 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera. La
Línea.
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THE WOMAN
As Julio Romero de Torres, Cruz Herrera was specially knows as a person who gives shape to the
great beauty of the andalusian woman, characterized with similar features: dark hair and dark eyes,
thick lips and very red
Even though he paints also numerous times the North African woman
“I´ve painted thousands of Moorish women, black women, Berber women, blue women, which are
called like this because she dresses in blue fabrics which that leaves marks”. 4
The Moorish models were marvelous; as they arrived on the studio, they were already splendid
paintings.
4 CRUZ HERRERA JOSÉ, Conferencia pronunciada en el Instituto de Estudios Africanos de Madrid “33 años de pintura en Marruecos”, 23 febrero de 1961.
(www.museocruzherrera.com)
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• Mujer linense • Óleo sobre lienzo • 93 x 73 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea.
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• Soledad • Óleo sobre lienzo • 65 x 54 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera, • La Línea.
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• Palmas flamencas • Óleo sobre lienzo • 81 x 65 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera. La
Línea.
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• La copa de vino • Óleo sobre lienzo • 81 x 65 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera. La
Línea.
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• Mujeres linenses • Óleo sobre lienzo • 120 x 131 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera. La
Línea.
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PORTRAITS
The Cruz Herrera painting is principally focused on the portrait. Mariano Daranas, art critic from the
Spanish newspaper ABC, underlined the artist excellence describing it like “an outstanding
portraitist” and “a portraitist master” 5.
Even though he was a great landscape painter, the portrait was, without doubt, the theme where he
stands out above everything. Enrique Vaquer writes on the subject on the Época.
“On the portrait, Cruz Herrera is a perfect definer of the mysterious things, which is not exactly
the physical state, or, the exactly trace of the line and the color, but that other close resemblance,
that not all artists know how to get under the corporeal envelope” 6.
5 DARANAS MARIO, ABC, 28 de mayo de 1935.
6 VAQUER ENRIQUE,
La época, 1935.
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• El chal amarillo • Óleo sobre lienzo • 81 x 65 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera. La
Línea.
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• Perfil de Mabel • Óleo sobre lienzo • 46 x 37 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea.
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• Carmencilla en Rojo • Óleo sobre lienzo • 60 x 73 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea.
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• Uvas de La Línea • Óleo sobre lienzo • 65 x 55 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea
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• El vendedor del Zaragozano • Óleo sobre lienzo • 100 x 100 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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• Rosa en fiestas • Óleo sobre lienzo • 65 x 81 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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• En el estudio • Óleo sobre lienzo • 60 x 73 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea.
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NUDES
Artists have always tried in their Works to shape the beauty and the reality of things surrounding
them and why not, the human figure, female, because many of the painters were men.
This way, it is possible to find many females nudes in Cruz Herrera’s Work. The painter, shaped in the
nudes, the woman’s beauty as much as the andalusian that the moroccan.
The figures that appear in his paintings about nudes are full of eroticism and sensuality. He shows us
the woman in the fullness of his youth with a stunning beauty
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Belleza en reposo
Óleo sobre lienzo
81 x 65 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera.
La Línea
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Desnudo
Óleo sobre lienzo
65 x 81 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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Magdalena en reposa
Óleo sobre lienzo
65 x 81 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera.
La Línea
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STILL LIFES
The still lifes paint represents the popular and daily life with objects compositions present in the
homes and in the decoration.
Cruz Herrera, like an andalusian and moroccan great expert, shapes in his paintings moroccan
and andalusian elements; like gastronomy, cookwares and flowerpots.
Once asking him for his favorites themes he answered: Women, women, women, fruits and
flowers that it´s one and only thing. 7
7 http://www.cruzherrera.com/josecruz/index.html
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Bodegón marroquí
Óleo sobre lienzo
96 x 160 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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Flores y libros
Óleo sobre lienzo
73 x 60 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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Flores
Óleo sobre lienzo
41 x 32 cm
Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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RELIGIOUS THEMES
José Cruz Herrera was a classic painter, in love with the Velázquez and Murillo Works, coming to
represent one of the more famous paintings of these masters, like the Cristo Crucificado, belonging
of the first one, which he painted when he belongs of the Grupo Velázquez created en 1956.
But, without doubt, the most outstanding work regarding the religious thematic is the Inmaculada
Concepción painting. The author Serrano Anguita said about this last one:
"More than a painting, it looks like a prayer. It´s not naturally a copy, an imitation, or a transcript of
the Murillo Virgins, and however is an andalusian Virgin”.8
8
PLEGUEZUELOS SÁNCHEZ J. A. (2011), José Cruz Herrera. Málaga: SARRIÁ, P.158.
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• El ermitaño • Óleo sobre lienzo • 81 x65 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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• Tentación • Óleo sobre lienzo • 53 x 81 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera
La Línea
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• Copia de una ejecución • Óleo sobre lienzo • 23 x36 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea
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• La Inmaculada • Óleo sobre lienzo • 236 x 88 cm • Parroquia de la Inmaculada
Concepción • La Línea
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HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE POPULAR FEASTS
The union between the painter and his hometown was such that he gets to realize a specific Project.
Many paintings refer to the andalusian culture, the ferias oil painting, the flamenca feasts…
Regarding the ferias, Jose Cruz Herrera realized an important number of the La Línea “ferias”
posters.
Until recently, the council of La Línea was using some of his painting like “feria” posters.
A big part of the paintings were realized for the ferias, however others were chosen, according
to the thematic, from his “Andaluzas” paintings.
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• Juerga en Granada • Óleo sobre lienzo • 65 x 81 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea
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• El aire de mi abanico • Óleo sobre lienzo • 195 x 97 cm • Museo Cruz Herrera • La Línea
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• Cartel de feria de la Línea de la Concepción
• 1959
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INVESTIGATE:
Along this guide we have referred on several occasions at the importance of Morocco for the painter.
We suggest that you investigate the evolution that his painting had, since his first steps until his
morocco period, as well as the different topics covered during his staying in Casablanca, in the paintings
appears in the guide, as well as others can be find on the museum.
Think about the elements signification like composition, light and color in the Cruz Herrera paint.
The Cruz Herrera paint has common clear characteristics with the Andalusian and French orientalist
painting from painters like Delacroix for example. It present also similarity with africanists authors like
Fortuny and Bertuchi. Investigate on these pictorial trends and compare with what you learned about Cruz
Herrera.
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COMPARE:
Thanks to his numerous trips, José Cruz Herrera knew shape on his paintings the different places and
cultures women.
We suggest that you look for information and that investigate about the different cultural women
traits painted by José Cruz Herrera, and draw a parallel between these women portrayed and identify the
differences in clothing, if there are any.
See the portraits and look at the colors and shades set. Can you identify the light focal point position
in each one of them?
Compare it with the works of an andalusian costumbrista painter, like his contemporary Julio Romero
de Torres.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
- AA.VV. (2002) Museo Cruz Herrera. Cádiz: Patronato Municipal de Artes Plásticas, Fundación
Municipal de Cultura, Ayuntamiento de La Línea de la Concepción.
- PLEGUEZUELOS SÁNCHEZ J.A. (2011). José Cruz Herrera. Málaga: SARRIÁ.
- www.museocruzherrera.com
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UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL MENÉNDEZ PELAYO
C/. Clavel, 73. La Línea de la Concepción
”Retrospectiva de José Cruz Herrera en su 40 aniversario”
DATES: From 1 to 26 October 2012
TIME: Monday to Friday 10:00 to 13:00 and 17:00 to 20:00
INFORMATION: 956.763.685
FREE ENTRANCE
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Coordinator:
Carmen Saban Vera
Technical Team:
Raquel Martínez Alcoba
Álvaro Santos Ortiz
Sylvain Vieille-Grosjean
ISBN 84-695-6448-X
This guide is exclusively for use by teachers in the classroom.
Complementary guide Retrospectiva de José Cruz
Herrera en el 40 aniversario de su fallecimiento,
organized by the UIMP-Campo de Gibraltar and the city
council of La Línea de la Concepción.
