Gyan Prabha Book Design 28-11-13.cdr FinalRole of Education in National Justice K.P. Radhakrishna Menon 70 Development Is Islam Compatible with Socialism? Asghar Ali Engineer 76 Corruption

izcU/ lEikndlqjs'k pUnz

lEikndfot; dqekj 'kekZ

Managing Editor

Suresh Chandra

Editor

V.K. Sharma

October-December 2013

Year 10th : Issue IVthvDVwoj&fnlEcj 2013o"kZ n'ke % vad prqFkZ

GYAN PRABHA

29

ewY; % 35@& #i;s okf"kZd % 120@& #i;s vkthou % 2000@& #i;s

mfÙk"Br tkxzr ë UTTISHTHAT JAGRAT

bl vad esa-------

viuh ckr 1

Editor's Reflections 3

Holy Wisdom 7

Lo.kZ t;Urh ds i'pkr~ lqjsUnz dqekj o/ok 8

laLd`fr og] tks u;k ekuo x

Js"Brk eafty ugha gS--- v”khe izse th 53

vk/qfud lanHkZ ds lkr iQsjs Mk0 iznhi dqekj 55

[kq'kh gekjs ewy esa gS nykbZ ykek 58

[kq'kh ds ikap jgL; Jh Jh jfo'kadj 59

ekulwu dk foKku vt; flag iVsy 60

vkt ds 'kgj% Hkfo"; ds ;q¼&{ks=k ladfyr 67

Role of Education in National Justice K.P. Radhakrishna Menon 70Development

Is Islam Compatible with Socialism? Asghar Ali Engineer 76

Corruption Multiplier Vimal Jalan 79

End of the Antibiotic Era O.S. Reddi 82

Upholding the Intrinsic Core L.R. Sabharwal 85 of Righteousness

Our Forgotten Heroes Kittur Chennamma 73

viuh ckr Kku izHkk fu;fer :Ik ls rks =kSekfld gh fudyrh jgh gS fdUrq fiNys nks vad

v/Z okf"kZd :Ik esa fudkys x, gSaA izFke okf"kZd vad Fkk Lokeh foosdkuUn dk ,d

lkS ipkloka tUe lekjksg vad ,oa nwljk Fkk Hkkjr fodkl ifj"kn~ dh LFkkiuk ds

ipkl o"kZ iw.kZ gksus ds miy{; esa fudkyk x;k Lo.kZ t;aarh lekjksg vadA nksuksa gh

vadksa ds fy;s Ik;kZIr ifjJe ,oa 'kks/ dh vko';drk FkhaA budh i`"B la[;k Hkh

vf/d Fkh ,oa Kku izHkk dh Vhe us fofHkUu lzksrksa ls lkexzh tqVkus dk iz;Ru Hkh

fd;kA ikBdksa dh tks izfrfØ;k gesa izkIr gqbZ gSa muls yxrk gS fd lEiknd eaMy

dk ;g ifjJe O;FkZ ugha x;k gSA

Kku izHkk ds izdk'ku dks yxHkx nl o"kZ iw.kZ gksus dks gaS fdUrq bldh izlkj

la[;k vHkh Hkh vis{kk ls de gSA dbZ ckj ;g fopkj fd;k x;k fd blesa dqN ,slh

lkexzh dk lekos'k fd;k tk;s ftlls fd bldh yksdfiz;rk c

bl ns'k dk ;g nqHkZkX; gS fd ,d fo'ks"k ifjokj ;k fo'ks"k jktuSfrd ny ls

lacfU/r Lora=krk lsukfu;ksa dks NksM+dj vU; mu lHkh 'kghnksa dks yxHkx Hkqyk fn;k

x;k gS ;k Hkwys HkVds gh jLeh rkSj ij dHkh ;kn fd;k tkrk gSa] ;|fi vktknh dh

yM+kbZ esa mudk ;ksxnku dqN de ugha FkkA efgyk,a Hkh bl {sk=k esa vxz.kh Fkha fdUrq

buds uke de gh yksx tkurs gSaA 3 fnlEcj 1884 dks tUes Mk0 jktsUnz izlkn izFke

Js.kh ds Lora=krk lsukuh gSa ftUgsa ,d ys[k ds ek?;e ls ;kn fd;k x;k gSA nf{k.k

Hkkjr dh nks efgyk Lora=krk lsukuh jkuh fdVwVj psuEek rFkk usVw usafp;kj ds uke

mRrj Hkkjr ds yksx de gh tkurs gSaA mu nksauksa us vaxzstksa ls fujarj yksgk fy;k FkkA

;|fi ljdkjh rkSj ij mUgsa lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gS fdUrq tulk/kj.k Hkh bUgsa

tkus ,slk iz;Ru nks vaxszth ys[kksa ds ek/;e ls fd;k x;k gSaA Hkwys fcljs ,sls

Lora=krk lsukfu;ksa ij ys[kksa dh bl Ja[kyk dks tkjh j[kus dk iz;kl ge Hkfo"; esa

Hkh djrs jgsaxsA blh izdkj gekjs ns'k esa izkphu dky esa dqN oSKkfud] vk;qosZn 'kkL=k

esa uohu [kkst djuss okys dqN fpfdRld Hkh gks pqds gSaa mudh miyfC/;ksa dk

fooj.k gekjs izfrHkk'kkyh ;qodks dks ubZ 'kks/ksa dh vksj izsfjr djsxkA fiNys dqN

vadksa esa bu euhf"k;ksa ds laf{kIr thou o`Rr ge izdkf'kr djrs jgs gaSaA bl Ja[kyk esa

bl ckj vk;qqosZn ds izfl¼ fo'ks"kK okXHkV ij ys[k izdkf'kr fd;k tk jgk gSAð

Hkkjr dh x.kuk fo'o ds fo'kky tula[;k] foiqy izkd`frd laink ,oa o`gr

vkdkj okys ns'kksa esa gh ugha vfirq 'kfDr'kkyh ns'kksa esa gksrh gSA 'kfDr iwtk gekjs

ns'k dh ijEijk jgh gSA gekjs nsork ,oa nsfo;ka ftudh ge iwtk djrs gSa fofHkUu

vL=k 'kkL=kksa ls lqlfTtr jgrs gSaA fiQj Hkh fiNys dqN o"kksZ esa vius lSfudksa dh

'kgknr] vieku ,oa frjLdkj lguk gekjh fu;fr cu pqdh gSA gj ,d LokfHkekuh

Hkkjrh; ds g`n; esa ;g dpksV mBrh gS fd ,slk dc rd pysxkA gekjk LokfHkeku

dc tkxsxkA blh fo"k; ij ,d ys[k bl vad esa ikBdksa ds lEeq[k izLrqr gSA

vU; vusd fo"k;ksa ij Hkh dqN vPNs ys[k bl vad esa izLrqr fd;s x;s gSaA vk'kk gS

vkidks ilan vk;saxsA

vkidh izfrfØ;k dh gesa izrh{kk jgsxhA

October-December 2013 GYAN PRABHA2

The original meaning of discipline is to give systematic instructions to a person to train him in a craft, trade or other activity. The person getting training is called a disciple. But for the common man it means abiding by, or adhering to, certain rules or norms of a society or some other institution. It imposes a strict control over an individual's rights and privileges which if allowed to remain unchecked and unregulated may result in disorder and anarchy in social and political life.

Discipline can be imposed in various ways. The most famous is the military discipline. In army the rules are very precise and strict and breaking them invites severe and prompt punishment. Actually discipline is the life line of military and is the cement that binds it together.

But military discipline is an extreme form of discipline and cannot work everywhere. There are other disciplines like family discipline, social discipline of an organization and the discipline of an educational institute.

In this sphere also there are certain rules and regulations — written and unwritten- which should be observed and obeyed but these are not so strict and the punishment is not so harsh.

In a family the family members have to work as a cohesive team under the charge of the father or the bread winner. If every member of the family goes his own way and works in his own manner, life in the family will become a living hell. Similarly in an organization — whether political, commercial or social — discipline is its backbone. If a political party is torn by internal differences, groupism or indiscipline it cannot command prestige in public or following of the common man. In a commercial organization, lack of discipline will lead to the destruction of the enterprise. The managers should be so trained that they are able to motivate and inspire the workers.

Discipline is also a necessity in a voluntary organization but the method of enforcing it is different. Almost every voluntary organization has a written constitution and a set of rules — written


Discipline and Self DisciplineEditor's Reflections

and unwritten. But the leader who enforces them has more of a moral authority. He cannot punish a member like an army officer or a manager of a commercial establishment. He must have a charismatic personality and should himself be a person of high character and integrity. He should control his followers by his own example and self- discipline.

Good Discipline

Discipline and punishment are different. Punishment teaches what is wrong but does not help to learn what is right. Punishment teaches a person not to repeat bad behavior but sometimes the sufferer may resent that the powerful make rules and the weaker must abide by them.

Good discipline teaches self-control and socially acceptable behavior. It encourages good behavior by correcting bad behavior and praising good behavior. Good discipline never involves physical violence or threats of violence. It also does not involve insulting or demeaning comments. It is a planned strategy and has clear expectations, consequence and is enforced consistently.

Self-Discipline

Discipline is enforced by some outside agency, it may be family, society or an organization. We have to abide by the rules made by them or the norms laid down by them. But the self-discipline is at the other end of the spectrum where one uses his own reason to determine the best course of action and sometimes this action may be opposite to what one desires. So, self-discipline may be defined as the ability to motivate oneself in spite of a negative emotional state. It involves acting according to what you think instead of how you feel at the moment. Often it involves sacrifcing the pleasure and thrill of the moment for what matters most in life. It may also be considered a type of selective training, creating new habits of thought, action and constant effort toward improving yourself and reaching predetermined goals.

Sometimes self-discipline is called freedom. Many people will not agree with it and may call it a dreary word that is equated it with the lack of freedom. But actually the people lacking self-discipline are slaves to their moods, appetites and passions. In the long term such undisciplined people lack the freedom that comes with


possessing a particular skill like playing a musical instrument or becoming an accomplished writer.

Self-discipline is required when you work on an idea after the initial rush of enthusiasm has faded away. And if you struggle with self-discipline it can be developed. For developing self-discipline you will have to have the following traits-

*Self-knowledge-After you have decided your goal you need to decide how should you act to accomplish your goal. It will require constant introspection and self-analysis. It will be better to write down your mission statement and how you want to attain it.

*Awareness-You must be consciously aware what you are doing and what you are not doing. You must be aware of your undisciplined behavior. Developing self-discipline takes time and the key here is that you are aware of your shortcomings. This will give you an opportunity to reform yourself.

*Commitment-You must make an internal commitment to your goals. If you start working for a goal and impose self-discipline on yourself with a commitment the chances are that you will continue the struggle even when the initial rush of enthusiasm fades away. Self-discipline will see you through to completion.

*Courage-Self-discipline is often an extremely difficult exercise. Moods appetites and passions are the powerful forces that go against it. It is very painful and difficult to continue to pursue your goal against these odds. So, find courage to face this difficulty and pain. Gradually your confidence will grow and self-discipline will come to you naturally.

Benefits of Self-Discipline

Self-disciplined people are happier-People think that highly self-discipline people are miserable because they deprive themselves of many pleasures and objects of enjoyment. But the truth is just opposite. Studies have shown that those with greatest self-control have more good moods and fewer bad ones. They are able to avoid problematic desires and conflicts .They experience fewer negative emotions.

Sometimes you have to choose between short term pleasure and long term pain. A diabetic patient with no self-control may consume


sweets and get momentary pleasure but he will definitely suffer in the long run. So, self-control does not always mean self-denial; it means a big payoff later. Self-control is not a route to instant gratification, but it may bring something even better; long term contentment.

Successful People are Self-disciplined

The quality of self-discipline will guarantee you a greater success, accomplishment and happiness in life. This quality is a habit, a practice, a philosophy and a way of living of all successful men and women. All great success in life is preceded by long , sustained periods of focused efforts for a single goal . Throughout history, we find that every man and woman who achieved anything lasting and worthwhile had engaged in , often unappreciated hours, weeks, months and years of concentrated disciplined work, for a particular goal .

If you master the art of self-discipline, there is no goal that you cannot accomplish and no task that you cannot complete.

5 Rules for High Achievers

A im for what you want by focusing clearly on priorities.

B elieve in yourself and your goals, and then begin to strive for the same.

C ount your blessings, create opportunities, and commit to faith-driven action.

D ream big dreams, design a plan , and dedicate yourself to excellence.

E nergize youself with positive thoughts, and expect daily miracles and victories.


Selfless Service

There is a great deal of wisdom in the ancient Persian proverb "I wept because I had no shoes until I saw a man who had no feet." It is easy to magnify our problems and lose sight of the many blessings we all have to be grateful for. To serve those who have less than you is an excellent way of expressing gratitude for what God has given to us. Seeing what others don't have keeps us awake to all the good things we do have .It prevents us from taking things for granted and even more importantly helps us make a difference in the lives of people who really need us.

There is no higher religion than human service. To work for the common good is the greatest creed. One of the greatest lessons for a highly fulfilling life is to rise from a life chasing success to one dedicated to a noble cause.

And there cannot be a nobler cause than selfless human service. All the great leaders, thinkers and humanitarians have abandoned selfish lives and in doing so , found all happiness and satisfaction they desired . They never pursued success but for them it was an unintended but inevitable by product of a life serving people selflessly.

Holy Wisdom

rRo Kku


fiz; cU/qvksa]

Hkkjr fodkl ifj"kn us 10 tqykbZ 2013 dks vius thou ds 50 o"kZ iw.kZ fd;sA

lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa 'kk[kk] izkar ,oa dsUnz Lrj ij Lo.kZ t;Urh lekjksg vR;ar mRlkg ,oa

/we/ke ls vk;ksftr fd;s x,A bu lekjksgksa dk lekiu okjk.klh esa lEiUu gksus okys

vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lo.kZ t;Urh lEesyu ds lkFk gksxkA

bu lekjksg ds nkSjku ifj"kn dh 50 o"kksZ dh miyfC/;ksa ij n`f"Vikr fd;k x;k ,oa

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ls 1157 'kk[kkvksa dh LFkkiuk] 25 lnL;ksa ls 52799 lnL; ifjokjksa dks tksM+uk] 1150

ls vf/d LFkk;h izdYi] 26 xzkeksa dk lexz fodkl] izpqj ek=kk esa vkikrdkyhu

lgk;rk bR;kfn dqN miyfC/;ksa us larks"k iznku fd;kA nwljh vksj cgqr dqN u dj ikus

dk vlarks"k Hkh eu esa ?kqeM+rk jgkA 'kk[kkvksa ,oa lnL;ksa dh o`f¼ nj fiNys dbZ o"kksZ

ls 5 izfr'kr ij vVdh jghA izR;sd izkar esa ,d n'kZuh; LFkk;h izdYi dh LFkkiuk ugha

gks ldhA dqN lsok ,oa laLdkj izdYiksa dh izxfr Hkh vk'kkuq:i ugha jghA

vlarks"k LoHkkfod gS ,oa vlarks"k gh izxfr dh tuuh gSA bu Lo.kZ t;Urh lekjksgksa

ds i'pkr~ gesa Hkfo"; dh fn'kkvksa dh ryk'k djuh gS ,oa u;s mRlkg ls vkxs c

dh gS ftudh vk;q 60 o"kZ ;k mlls vf/d gSA bu izkS

okf"kZd f'kfoj rd lhfer gksdj jg x;k gSA ns'k esa ofj"B ukxfjdksa dh la[;k ukS djksM+

ds yxHkx gSA ;fn buesa ls ,d izfr'kr izcq¼ ukxfjdksa dks y{; cukdj ge mUgsa vius

ls tksM+us dk iz;Ru djsa rks ;g izdYi ,d fo'kky :i /kj.k dj ldrk gSA ofj"B

ukxfjdksa ds laxBuks dks ifj"kn ls lac¼ fd;k tk ldrk gS ,oa bldk D;k Lo:i gks

bl ij xgu eaFku dh vko';drk gSA

5- dEiuh dkuwu esa tks la'kks/u gqvk gS mldk ykHk Hkh ifj"kn dks feyuk pkfg;s

fdUrq mlds fy;s iz;Ru djuk gksxkA ,sls uxj tgka cM+s m|ksx ,oa dEifu;kW fLFkr gSa

ogha bl fn'kk esa liQyrk fey ldrh gSA vr% bu uxjksa esa fLFkr 'kk[kkvksa ,oa izkarks ds

inkf/dkfj;ksa dks bu dEifu;ksa ds izcU/u ls laidZ lk/uk gksxkA vusd dsUnzh;

inkf/dkfj;ksa dk ifjp; Hkh bl {ks=k ls gks ldrk gSA mUgsa Hkh bl vksj iz;kljr gksuk

iM+sxkA

dkuwu ds eqrkfcd ;g /u xjhch mUewyu] f'k{kk dk izlkj] efgyk l'kfDrdj.k]

f'k'kq ,oa ekrkvksa dh e`R;q nj esa deh] jkstxkj ijd izf'k{k.k bR;kfn esa yxuk pkfg;sA

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6- vusd ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dk ykHk fu/Zuksa dks vf'k{kk ,oa tkudkjh u gksus ds

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bR;kfn ,sls dqN ykHk gaS tks blds ik=kksa dks bl dkj.k ugh fey ik jgs gSa D;ksa fd os bl

laca/ esa i=kO;ogkj ugha dj ikrs gSaA ,sls yksxksa ds fy;s lgk;rk dsUnz LFkkfir fd;s tk

ldrs gSa ,oa ;fn laHko gks rks vf/dkfj;ksa ls feydj mUgsa ykHk fnyk;k tk ldrk gSA

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{kerk dk iw.kZ mi;ksx ugha gks ik jgk gSA bu dsUnzksa dks fu/Zuksa ds fy;s fpfdRlk dsUnzksa esa

ifjofrZr fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k nksuksa dke lkFk py ldrs gSaA

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vkSj Hkh ;kstuk,sa cuk ldrs gSa rks muls Hkh eq>s voxr djk,saA izR;sd Lrj ij HkyhHkkafr

bu ij fopkj djds gh bUgsa ykxw fd;k tk;sxkA

'kqHk dkeukvksa lfgr]

lqjsUnz dqekj o/ok

jk"Vªh; egkea=kh


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ge lcdks vkil esa ,d nwljs ls lg;ksx] lgdkj ,oa laosnu'khy laca/ksa dh Mksjh ls

cka/s j[krh gSA viuh laLd`fr ewY;ijd gS] tks gesa bUlkfu;r dh Hkk"kk fl[kkrh gS rFkk

bUlku dks fodflr dj mlds vanj ½f"kRo iSnk djrh gSA og vkè;kfRed ewY;ksa dk

ikB ius ,oa vuqHko djus dh {kerk gksrh gS_ ,slk

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lkgl ds lkFk mfpr dks viuk ldsA bl laLd`fr dk eq[; mís'; bUlku dk fuekZ.k

djuk vkSj uofufeZr bUlku dks lrr fodflr dj ½f"k;ksa ds leku cuk nsuk gS] tks

lkaLd`frd rÙoksa dks viuh izcy izsj.kk&riL;k ls iksf"kr djrk gS_ vFkkZr laLd`fr ,d

u;k bUlku x

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vkSj mudks ÅtkZfUor djus okys ml ije rÙo ijekRek ls dSls rkyesy cSBk,a_ D;ksafd

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esa vofLFkr gSA blds fcuk rks l`f"V dh gh dYiuk laHko ugha vkSj izd`fr dk vkfLrRo

Hkh mlh ls gSA

Hkkjrh; laLd`fr thou ds lHkh vk;keksa ,oa lHkh vaxks dks leku

bl lanHkZ esa vesfjdk ds lekt foKkuh csatkfeu ckj&ckj dgrs gSa fd laLd`fr esa

,d ewY; gksrk gS fd dgka] dc vkSj fdls fdl :i esa izLrqr djuk gSA blls ns'k] dky

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foaè;kpy esjh dfV gSA dksjkseaMy esjk nkfguk vkSj ekykckj esjk ck;k¡ iSj gSA eSa lEiw.kZ

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djus ds fy, iSQykrk gw¡A esjs ân; esa fo'oizse Nydrk gSA tc eSa pyrk gw¡ rks eSa vuqHko

djrk gw¡ fd Hkkjr py jgk gSA tc eSa cksyrk gw¡ rks vuqHko djrk gw¡ fd Hkkjr cksy jgk

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gw¡A ns'kHkfDr dk Js"Bre lk{kkRdkj okLro esa ;gha gS] vkSj ;gh gS O;kogkfjd osnkUr**A

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dks :f

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yxhA xf.kr budk vR;Ur fiz; fo"k; FkkA mldh rYyhurk esa ;s fnu jkr Hkwy tkrs FkssA

xf.kr fo"k; esa loksZPp vadksa ls ,e- ,- mRrh.kZ dj os mlh dkyst esa xf.kr ds

izkè;kid gks x;s ogha fgUnh ds lkFk bUgksaus iQkjlh vkSj mnwZ dk Hkh vè;;u fd;k A

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,d cM+k fgLlk fu/Zu Nk=kksa ds vè;;u ds fy;s ns nsrs FksA iQyLo:i mudk eghus Hkj

dk xqtkjk tSls&rSls gh pyrk FkkA ykgkSj esa gh izks0 rhFkZjke dks Lokeh foosdkuUn ds

izopu lquus rFkk 'kadjkpk;Z th dk lkfUè; izkIr djus dk la;ksx feykA ml le; os

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lkfRod Hkkstu] ,dkUr fuokl] ;s gh budh vko';drk,a Fkh] ftlds fy;s os izfl¼ gks

x;s A bUgksaus vn~oSr osnakr dk vè;;u vkSj euu izkjEHk fd;k vkSj vn~oSrfu"Bk cyorh

gksrs gh mnwZ esa ,d ekfld&i=k ̂ ^vfyiQ** fudkykA

vkè;kfRed lk/uk

rqylh] lwj] ukud] vkfn Hkkjrh; lUr_ 'kEl rcjst] ekSykuk :lh vkfn lwiQh

lUr_ xhrk] mifu"kn~ "kM~n'kZu] ;ksxokfl"B vkfn ds lkFk gh ik'pkR; fopkjoknh vkSj

;FkkFkZoknh n'kZu'kkL=k] rFkk belZu] okYV fÞoVeSu] Fkksjks] gDlys] MkfoZu vkfn euhf"k;ksa

ds lkfgR; dk Lokeh rhFkZjke us vè;;u fd;k A

laU;kl

o"kZ 1901 esa izks- rhFkZjke us ykgkSj ls vfUre fonk ysdj ifjtuksa lfgr fgeky;

dh vksj izLFkku fd;kA vyduUnk o HkkxhjFkh ds ifo=k laxe ij igq¡pdj uxj esa izos'k

djus dh ctk; os dksVh xzke esa 'kkYekyh o`{k ds uhps Bgj x;sA xzh"edky gksus ds

dkj.k mUgsa ;g LFkku lqfo/ktud yxkA eè;jkf=k esa izks0 rhFkZjke dks vkRe&lk{kkRdkj

gqvk A muds eu ds lHkh Hkze vkSj la'k; feV x;s A mUgksaus Lo;a dks bZ'ojh; dk;Z ds

fy, lefiZr dj fn;k vkSj n~okfjdk ihB ds 'kadjkpk;Z ds funsZ'kkuqlkj osQ'k o ew¡N

vkfn dk R;kxdj laU;kl ys fy;k rFkk viuh iRuh o lkfFk;ksa dks ogk¡ ls okil ykSVk

fn;k vkSj izks- rhFkZjke ls os Lokeh jkerhFkZ gks x;s A

jke izlkn ̂ fcfLey us viuh iqLrd ̂ eu dh ygj* esa ;qok laU;klh 'kh"kZd ls ,d


cM+h gh ekfeZd dfork fy[kh Fkh ftlds dqN va'k bl izdkj gSa %

^^o`¼ firk&ekrk dh eerk] fcu C;kgh dU;k dk Hkkj_

f'k{kkghu lqrksa dh eerk] ifrozrk iRuh dk I;kj **

Lokeh jkerhFkZ us lHkh cU/uksa ls eqDr gksdj ,d lU;klh ds :i esa ?kksj riL;k

dhA izokl ds le; mudh HksaV fVgjh fj;klr ds rRdkyhu ujs'k dhfrZ'kkg ls gqbZA

fVgjh ujs'k igys ?kksj vuh'ojoknh FksA Lokeh jkerhFkZ ds lEidZ esa os iw.kZ :i ls

vkfLrd gks x;s A egkjktk us Lokeh jkerhFkZ ds tkiku esa gksus okys fo'o /eZ lEesyu

esa tkus dh O;oLFkk dhA os tkiku ls vejhdk rFkk feL=k Hkh x;sA fons'k ;k=kk esa

mUgksaus Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk mn~?kks"k fd;k rFkk fons'k ls ykSVdj Hkkjr esa Hkh vusd

LFkkuksa ij izopu fn;sA muds O;kogkfjd osnkUr ij fon~okuksa us loZ=k ppkZ dh vkSj os

foosdkuUn dh rjg izfl¼ gks x;sA

izR;kxeu

lu~ 1904 esa Lons'k ykSVus ij lHkh yksxksa us Lokeh jkerhFkZ ls viuk ,d lekt

LFkkfir djus dk vkxzg fd;k A Lokeh jkerhFkZ us ck¡gsa iSQykdj dgk] ̂ ^Hkkjr esa ftruh

lHkk izkS< lekt gSa] lc jke dh viuh gSaA jke fgUnqRo ,drk ds fy, gSa] erHksn ds fy,

ugha_ ns'k dks bl le; vko';drk gS ,drk vkSj laxBu dh] jk"Vª/eZ vkSj Kku lk/uk

dh] la;e vkSj czÞep;Z dh** A fVgjh (x

bdsnk % fo'o&bfrgkl ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd thfor izkf.k;ksa dh Hkakfr lH;rk,a Hkh mn~Hko] fodkl ,oa iru ds vkorZd pØksa ls gksdj xqtjrh gSA feL=k us vius izkphu ,oa vk/qfud bfrgkl ds nkSjku vusd lH;rkvksa rFkk laLd`fr;ksa dk fodkl fd;kA iQjkÅudkyhu ;qx] ftlesa fijkfeMksa dk fuekZ.k gqvk] jkseu 'kklu dk ;qx] ftlesa ,dLoHkkooknh bZlkbZ ppZ dk vfoHkkZo gqvk] bLykeh ;qx] rFkk vk/qfud x.kra=k fdlh tkfr fo'ks"k dh fof'k"V lH;rk vyx&vyx le; ij lH;rk ds fodkl dh fofHkUu voLFkkvksa ls xqtjrh gSA fdarq dky ds lexz izokg ds lanHkZ esa izR;sd lH;rk mn~Hko] fodkl ,oa iru ds izØe }kjk Lo;a dks vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA

bl lanHkZ esa gekjs lkeus nks iz'u vkrs gSa& igyk] og dkSu&lh thou&'kfDr gS tks fdlh lH;rk dks tUe nsrh gS\ nwljk] bu lH;rkvksa dk l`tu djus okyh tkfr;ksa dks ;g thou&'kfDr dgka ls izkIr gksrh gS\ igys iz'u dk mÙkj gS % lekt] lkewfgd thou rFkk vodk'k] bu rhuksa dk mRikndrk&o`f¼ ls xgjk fj'rk gS] tks vfrfjDr mRikn }kjk dykdkjksa] okLrqf'kfYi;ksa] dfo;ksa] /eZ'kkL=kosÙkkvksa rFkk iz'kkldksa ds tUe ,oa fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djrh gSA laxfBr lewgksa (leqnk;ksa) ls gh og fo'kky ?kuhHkwr ekuo 'kfDr izkIr gksrh gS tks mu miØeksa ds liQy fu"iknu ds fy, vko';d gS ftudh ifj.kfr ,sfrgkfld Lekjdksa ds :i esa gksrh gS- vfrfjDr vodk'k O;fDr dks l`tu dk volj iznku djrk gSA

VkW;Uch % thou dh U;wure HkkSfrd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ls vf/d [kk| inkFkksZa rFkk vU; HkkSfrd oLrqvksa dk mRiknu fdlh lH;rk dh LFkkiuk dh vko';d 'krZ jgh gS-

thou&'kfDr ds Lrzksr dk uke gS /eZ

vkbaLVkbu] 'okbtj vkSj cVsZaM jlsy ds lkFk ,d uke fy;k tkrk gS vkuZYM VkW;Uch dkA ^, LVMh vkiQ fgLVªh* fy[kdj mUgksaus fo'o dks ,d u;h bfrgkl&n`f"V nh FkhA bruk gh egRoiw.kZ uke gS tkiku ds euh"kh nkblkdw bdsnk dkA ipkl ls vf/d iqLrdksa ds jfp;rk bdsnk dfo Hkh gSaA lu 1971&74 ds chp bu nksuksa fo}kuksa us euq"; tkfr vkSj euq";rk ds bfrgkl ls tqM+s fo"k;ksa ij O;kid ppkZ dh Fkh] tks ̂ l`tukRed thou dh vksj* uke ls iqLrdkdkj izdkf'kr gqbZA blh ckrphr dk ,d NksVk&lk va'k gS /eZ vkSj lH;rkvksa ds fj'rksa dks mtkxj djrk gSaA

;g


vusd Hkou ftudk fuekZ.k vkfFkZd n`f"V ls ykHkdj ugha Fkk& tSls tkiku esa lkdkbZ canjxkg ds i`"B izns'k esa fufeZr Lrwi] feL=k ,oa eSfDldks ds fijkfeM] ek;u ,oa [esj eafnj--- bl vfrfjDr mRiknu ds iQyLo:i gh fufeZr gks lds- bl vfrfjDr mRiknu ds dkj.k gh ;q¼ lEHko gq, rFkk ,d ,sls vYila[;d leqnk; dk iks"k.k lEHko gks ldk tks vius le; dk mi;ksx thou dh ewy vko';drkvksa ds mRiknu ds fy, djus dh vfuok;Zrk ls eqDr jgk gS vkSj blh dkj.k og bldk mi;ksx va'kr% tks fNNksjsiu vkSj foykflrk esa] fdarq va'kr% esjk fo'okl gS fd /eZ gh ml y{; dh vk/kjHkwfe gS- vfrfjDr mRiknu&{kerk] lkekftd laLFkk,a rFkk euq"; dh yksHko`fr lH;rkvksa dk fuekZ.k djus okys rÙo Hkys gh gksa] fdrq ;s ml vkRerÙo ds vax gSa tks fdlh lH;rk esa izk.k iaQwdus ds fy, vko';d gSaA eq>s fo'okl gS fd ,slk djus ds fy, ml lH;rk ds l`tsdksa dk vius fØ;kdykiksa esa fufgr fdlh fuf'pr mn~s'; ds izfr tkx#d gksuk vko';d gS] ;g tkx#drk gh ml lH;rk ds fuekZrkvksa ds Je rFkk vfHkdYiksa dh ;kstukvksa dk izkjEHk&fcanq gksuk pkfg,A dsoy n'kZu vkSj /eZ gh os ekè;e gSa tks yksxksa dks vius y{; rFkk viuh thou&fn'kk dk vFkZ Bhd ls le>us dh {kerk iznku djrs gSaA

eè; vesfjdk ds ;wdkVku (Yucatan) izns'k dh ek;k (Maya) uked vkfndkyhu bafM;u tkfr ls lEcaf/r] ftUgksaus dksyEcl ds vkxeu ls iwoZ ,d vis{kkd`r vR;ar Js"B lH;rk dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA dEcksfM;k esa fuokl djus okyh ,d tkfr ls lEcaf/r] ftUgksaus yxHkx iakpoha 'krh esa ,d lkezkT; LFkkfir fd;k Fkk vkSj uoha ls ckjgoha 'krh ds chp ftudk yxHkx lEiw.kZ dEcksfM;k ij izHkqRo FkkA fijkfeMksa ls gesa dsoy ;gh Kkr ugha gksrk fd rRdkyhu feL=k ds ikl i;kZIr ek=kk esa vfrfjDr ekuo&'kfDr] lekftd ,oa vkfFkZd laLFkk,a rFkk vfHk;kaf=kd izkS|ksfxdh Fkh ftuds cy ij mlus brus fo'kkydk; fuekZ.k djus dk peRdkjiw.kZ d`R; dj fn[kk;kA muls feL=kokfl;ksa ds thou&e`R;q fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k dh izcyrk vfHkO;Dr gksrh gS] ftlds iQyLo:i brus fo'kky e`R;qlwpd Lekjdksa ds fuekZ.k dh vko';drk gqbZA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] blh /kfeZd n`f"Vdks.k us feL=kokfl;ksa dh bu fuek.kZ ;kstukvksa esa vlhfer Je 'kfDr yxkus dh bPNk dks cy iznku fd;kA ek;kvksa] ,tVsdksa vkSj badkvksa ds eafnjksa lfgr] fo'o Hkj esa ik;s tkus okys LFkkiR; ds mRd`"V uewuksa ds fuekZ.k dh izsj.kk dk L=kksr Hkh /kfeZd fu"Bk gh jgh gSA

VkW;Uch % esjk ;g er gS fd fdlh lH;rk dh 'kSyh mlds /eZ dh gh vfHkO;fDr gSA eSa


bl ckr ls iwjh rjg lger gwa fd /eZ gh ml thou&'kfDr dk L=kksr jgk gS ftlus lH;rkvksa dks tUe fn;k gS vkSj tks rnqijkar mudk iks"k.k djrh jgh gSa&iQjkÅudkyhu feL=k esa rhu lgL=k o"kZ ls vf/d le; rd vkSj phu esa 'kkax oa'k ds mn; ls ysdj lu~ 1912 bZ0 esa fpax oa'k ds iru rdA

fo'o dh nksuksa izkphure lH;rkvksa dh LFkkiuk feL=k rFkk nf{k.k&iwoZ bjkd dh le`f¼ dh lEHkkoukvksa ls ;qDr /jrh ij gqbZ- fdarq bu ns'kksa dh /jrh dks mitkÅ cukus ds fy, fo'kky iSekus ij tyufydk vkSj flapkbZ dh O;oLFkk djuh iM+hA ,d vfr Hk;kog vkSj vukd"kZd uSlfxZd i;kZoj.k dk ,d vuqdwy d`f=ke okrkoj.k esa :ikarj.k nwjxkeh ykHk dh vk'kk ls dk;Z dj jgs vla[; yksxksa ds laxfBr Je }kjk gh lEHko gqvk gksxkA bldk vFkZ gS usr`Ro dh Hkkouk vkSj usrk ds funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djus dh O;kid bPNk dk vfoHkkZoA ftl lkekftd ÅtZfLork ,oa lkeatL; ds iQyLo:i ;g lg;ksx lEHko gqvk og fuLlansg ml /kfeZd vkLFkk ls mRiUu gqbZ gksxh tks usrkvksa esa vkSj muds vuqxkfe;ksa esa leku :i ls fo|eku FkhA

;q¼ rFkk lkekftd vU;k; lH;rkvksa ds nks tUetkr lkekftd voxq.k jgs gSa- /eZ gh og vkè;kfRed 'kfDr gS ftlus izR;sd lH; lekt dks] mu nks ?kkrd jksxksa }kjk mldh izk.k'kfDr ds fujarj nksgus ds ckotwn] ,d lw=k esa ck/sa j[kk gSA

/eZ ls esjk vfHkizk; gS thou ds izfr ,d ,slk n`f"Vdks.k tks yksxksa dks] czãkaM ds jgL; rFkk mlesa euq"; dh Hkwfedk ls lEcaf/r ewyHkwr iz'uksa dh vkè;kfRed n`f"V ls larqf"Vdkjd mÙkj nsdj vkSj czãkaM essa fuokl djus ds O;kogkfjd fu;e cukdj] mUgsa ekuo ;ksfu ds d"Vksa ls ikj ikus dh {kerk iznku djrk gSA tc Hkh fdlh tkfr dh vius /eZ ds izfr vkLFkk lekIr gqbZ gS] rHkh mldh lH;rk vkarfjd lkekftd fo?kVu vkSj fons'kh vkØe.k }kjk u"V gqbZ gS- vkLFkkghurk ds iQyLo:i ifrr gq;h lH;rkvksa dk LFkku fHkUu&/ekZuqxkfeuh uohu lH;rkvksa us LFkku xzg.k fd;k gS-

bl ,sfrgkfld rF; ds mnkgj.k gSa% viQhe ;q¼ ds i'pkr daÝ;wf'k;lokn ij vk/kfjr phuh lH;rk dk iru vkSj ,d u;h phuh lH;rk dk mn;] ftlesa daÝ;wf'k;lokn dk LFkku lkE;okn us xzg.k fd;k] iQjkÅudkyhu feL=kh lH;rk vkSj xzhdks&jkseu lH;rkvksa dk iru vkSj Øe'k% bZlkbZ vkSj eqfLye /ekZuqxkfeuh uohu lH;rkvksa }kjk mudk izfrLFkkiukA nf{k.kh XokVsekyk ds ek;k mRlo&dsanzksa dk ifjR;kx ,d vucw> igsyh gSA blds fo"k; esa gesa dksbZ fyf[kr lk{; miyC/ ugha gSA rFkkfi] fo'oluh; vuqeku ;gh gS fd D;ksafd d`"kdksa dks iqjksfgrksa dk thou larks"kizn cukus dh


{kerk esa vkLFkk ugha jgh Fkh] vr% mUgksaus iqjksfgrksa dks vkfFkZd lg;ksx nsuk can dj fn;kA

bdsnk % tks izk.k'kfDr fdlh tkfr dks fdlh lH;rk dk l`tu djus dh {kerk iznku djrh gS mlds laca/ esa ,d vkSj iz'u dk foospu 'ks"k gSA dqN tkfr;ksa us ,slh lH;rkvksa dks tUe fn;k tks 'kh?kz gh ifrr ,oa foyqIr gks x;ha dqN us le; ds lkFk dne feykdj pyus rFkk viuh fof'k"V laLd`fr;ksa dks uothou iznku djus ds mn~ns'; ls nwljh laLd`fr;ksa ds lkaLd`frd rÙoksa dks vo'kksf"kr rFkk vkRelkr fd;kA igyh Js.kh ds mRd`"V mnkgj.k gSa vesfjdk ds badk] ,tVsd vkSj ek;k [esj ftudh laLd`fr vadksjokV esa vius pjeksRd"kZ ij Fkh vkSj cksjkscqnqj esa LFkkiR; ds peRdkjksa dk l`tu djusokys baMksusf'k;k Hkh nwljh Js.kh esa vU; tkfr;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk feL=koklh vkSj tkikuh vkrs gSaA ;|fi ;wjksiokfl;ksa dks vius vrhr esa ,slk dksbZ vuqHko ugha gqvk gS] fdarq vius bfrgkl ds orZeku ;qx esa mUgsa ftu ijh{k.kksa ls xqtjuk gksxk muesaa ls ,d ijh{k.k 'kk;n ;g Hkh gks-

VkW;Uch % eSa bl ckr ls lger gwa fd fons'kh lH;rkvksa ls xzg.k fd;s x;s rÙoksa dks liQyrkiwoZd vkRelkr djuk vfr egÙoiw.kZ vkSj iz'kaluh; dk;Z gSA tkiku vius bfrgkl ds nkSjku nks ckj bl pqukSrh dk liQyrkiwoZd lkeuk dj pqdk gSA bZlk dh NBh vkSj lkroha 'krkfCn;ksa esa mlus Hkkjrh; ckS¼ er ds phuh :ikarj dks vkSj lkFk gh Lo;a phuh lH;rk dks Hkh vkRelkr fd;kA fiNys ,d lkS o"kksZa esa tkiku us vk/qfud ik'pkR; lH;rk dks viuk;k gSA nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k dh eq[; Hkwfe rFkk baMksusf'k;k ds fuokfl;ksa us fganw vkSj ckS¼ er dks vkRelkr djus ds mijkar bLykeh lH;rk dks viuk;kA mÙkjh vkSj nf{k.kh vesfjdk dh dksyEcl&iwoZ lH;rk,a vkSj lgkjk ds nf{k.korhZ leLr vizQhdh izns'k dh vjcksa vkSj ;wjksfi;uksa ds la?kkr ls iwoZ dh lH;rk,a rks vc foyqIr gks pqdh gSaA HkkSxksfyd vojks/ksaa }kjk i`Fkd fd;s tkus ds ckn mu ij mPp dksfV ds nqtsZ; 'kL=kksa ls lfTtr vkØkarkvksa us vpkud geyk fd;k FkkA fdarq ;s rks dsoy viokn gSaA

chloha 'krkCnh ds mÙkjkZ¼ esa bu tkfr;ksa dh izkphu ijEijk,a iqu#Tthfor gksuh izkjEHk gqbZ gS] ftldk Js; jk"Vªh; vkSj iztkfrxr lEizHkqrk ds c

mRikn vFkok i;ZVdksa dks fj>kkus ds fy, rek'kk ek=k gh gksrs gSaA lPpk l`tukRed oSHko rks fdlh tkfr ds vaarl~ ls fu%l`r og ÅèoksZUeq[kh izcy izokg gS tks vkrrkb;ksa dks m[kkM+ iQsadus vkSj d"Vizn ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls eqfDr ikus dh lkeF;Z ls ;qDr gS]A

VkW;Uch % tSlk vkius igys dgk Fkk] if'peoklh] tks xr iakp lkS o"kZ ls 'ks"k ekuo tkfr ij vkØe.k djrs jgs gSa] vc lqj{kkRed #[k viukus dks foo'k gSa vkSj ftl pqukSrh dk lkeuk tkiku nks ckj dj pqdk gS] mldk lkeuk 'kh?kz gh mUgsa Hkh djuk gksxkA xzhd ,oa jkseu yksxksa ds lkFk Hkh ,slk gh gqvk FkkA vius iwjc dh vksj ds iM+kslh ns'kksa ij muds lSU; rFkk jktuhfrd vkØe.k us varr% ,d /kfeZd izR;kØe.k dks tUe fn;kA Hkweè;lkxjorhZ izns'k esa varr% mUgsa bZlkbZ /eZ xzg.k djus dks foo'k dj fn;k x;kA tks izns'k vc lksfo;r eè; ,f'k;k vkSj if'peh ikfdLrku dgykrs gSa] muds ;wukuh fotsrkvksa dks ckS¼ /eZ esa nhf{kr fd;k x;kA

xzhdks&jkseu bfrgkl ds bl vè;k; ls] ftldh dgkuh ds var ls ge lc ifjfpr gSa] gesa ml lEHkkouk dk FkksM+k&lk vkHkkl gksrk gS ftls latks;s gq, vkusokyk le; vk/qfud if'peh ns'kksa dhckV tksg jgk gSA

bdsnk % ,slk yxrk gS fd if'peh laLd`fr dk iru fuf'pr gSA ;fn ,slk gqvk rks gesa u;h ;ksX;rkvksa ds fodkl vkSj lao/Zu lEca/h viuh tkudkjh esa vkSj vf/d o`f¼ djus dh vko';drk iM+sxhA ge nksuksa bl fo"k; esa ,der gSa fd /eZ ,d ,slh 'kfDr dks izsfjr djrk gS tks tkfr;ksa dks lH;rkvkssa ds l`tu ds ;ksX; cukrh gSA ml nqcZyrk dk D;k dkj.k gS tks vU; tkfr;ksa dh lH;rkvksa dk iru izkjEHk gksrs gh mUgsa lkaLd`frd iqutkZxj.k djus ls jksdrh gS\

VkW;Uch % esjs fopkj esa fdlh laLd`fr dh liQyrk ;k vliQyrk dk tulk/kj.k ds /eZ ls xgjk lEca/ gksrk gSA


ckyd@ckfydkvksa] Nk=k@Nk=kkvksa dks U;wure laLdkjksa ls voxr djkus ds fy,

laLd`r Hkk"kk ds v/ksfyf[kr 'yksd dk izk;% ikB djk;k tkrk gS%

vfHkoknu'khyL;] fuR; o`¼ksilsfou%A

pRokfj rL; o/ZUrs vk;q%] fo|k] ;'kks] cye~AA

vFkkZr~ tks vkxr (?kj vkus okys) dk lRdkj djrk gS] izfrfnu tks O;fDr cws] blfy, fdlh u fdlh ds lkFk viuk dqN le; vo'; ckr&phr

dj O;rhr djuk pkgrk gS) mlds thou esa pkj ph”ksa ok/ZD; dks izkIr gksrh gSa % igyh

vk;q vFkkZr~ cq”kqxks± ds gkFk tc vk'khokZn nsus ds fy, mBrs gSa rks os ;gh izkFkZuk vkSj

dkeuk djrs gSa fd ml O;fDr dh mej yEch gks (vkSj lPph izkFkZuk ls gksrk Hkh gS] ,slk

ns[kk x;k gS)_ nwljh fo|k xzg.k esa (mUufr) izkfIr] rhljh tc bZekunkjh vkSj iwjh fu"Bk

ls og ckyd fo|k xzg.k djsxk rks mldk uke vo';eso iz[;kr gksxk] mldk ;'k

iSQysxk vkSj pkSFkh miyfC/ gksxh mlds eukscy vkSj 'kkjhfjd cy esa o`f¼A oLrqr%

cM+s&cw

Lokxr@lEeku@vknj djrk gw¡A ^ueLrs* lnk nksuksa gkFk tksM+dj vkSj fny ds lkFk

yxkdj dh tkrh gSA nksuksa gkFkksa dh maxfy;k¡ vkSj gFksyh tc tqM+ tkrh gSa rks 'kfDr dk

izrhd Hkh cu tkrh gSA ̂ la?ks 'kfDr dfy;qxs* laxBu esa gh 'kfDr gksrh gSA vLrq! ̂ ueLrs*

lcds fy, lkoZHkkSe vkSj lkoZdkfyd vfHkoknu cu tkrk gSA

oLrqr% Hkkjrh; (oSfnd) laLd`fr esa vfHkoknu ds fy, ^ueLrs* ijEijk ls gh

loZekU; jgh gS ijUrq bl lEcU/ esa dbZ HkzkfUr;k¡ iSQyk nh xbZ fd ;g vfHkoknu fdlh

oxZ fo'ks"k dk gSA tc fd ;g izkphure gS] bZ'ojh; nsu gS vkSj ekuoek=k ds fy, gSA ;g

'kCn NksVs&cM+s lc ds fy, iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA ÍXosn esa Li"V dgk x;k gS%

ueks egn~H;ks] ueks vHkZdsH;ks] ueks ;qokH;ks] ueks vlhusH;%

”kjk ̂ ueLrs* ds vUrHkkZo dks le>us dk iz;kl dhft,A gkFk tksM+dj vki vius

lkeus okys O;fDr dks ;g vuqHko djk jgs gSa fd eSa dsoy vkids fy,] vkids izfr iwjh

fu"Bk ls lefiZr gw¡A bl 'kCn ds }kjk fny ls fny dks Nwus dk Hkko ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA

Jhen~Hkxon~ xhrk esa dgk x;k gS%

ok;q;Zeks¿fXuoZ#.k% 'k'kakd%

iztkifrLRoa izfirkeg'pA

ueks ueLrs¿Lrq lglzd`Ro%

iqu'p Hkw;ks¿fi ueks ueLrsAA & xhrk 11@39

vFkkZr~ gs Hkxoku! ok;q] ;e] vfXu] o#.k] pUnzek] iztkifr (czãk) vkSj czãk ds firk

Hkh vki gh gSaA vkidks g”kkjksa ckj ueu gS! ueu gS!! vki ds fy, rnfi ckjackj ueu gSA

bruk gh ugha] izfrfnu izkr%dky esa vk;ksftr O;k;ke ds dk;ZØe esa tc ekr`Hkwfe

dh oUnuk ds 'yksdksa dk mPpkj.k fd;k tkrk gS rks mldk vkjEHk Hkh ̂ ueLrs* 'kCn ls

gh gksrk gS%

ueLrs lnk oRlys ekr`Hkwes

Ro;k fgUnHkwes lq[ka of/Zrks¿ge~A

egkeaxys iq.;Hkwes RonFksZ

irRos"k dk;ks ueLrs ueLrsAA

izk.kh dks rks NksfM+;s] ekr`Hkwfe dks Hkh ̂ ueLrs* gh dgus dh ifjikVh FkhA


dHkh&dHkh ̂ ueLrs* dh txg ̂ ueLdkj* (ue%$dkj) 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk

gS tks vlaxr gS D;ksafd eSa fdldks ueLdkj dj jgk gw¡] mldk uke Hkh cksyuk iM+sxk

tSls ̂ vksýe~ ue% f'kok;* bR;kfnA

^ueLrs* okLro esa vius vki esa iw.kZ vFkZ izdV djus okyk NksVk okD; gS D;ksafd

blesa ̂ rs* ls vfHkizk; vkids lEeq[k [kM+k gqvk O;fDr gh rks gSA fdlh dk uke ysus dh

vko';drk gh ughaA vkSj bl inka'k ls rks ̂ fny ls fny dks jkg* dh dgkor fl¼ gksrh

gSA laLd`r ds ukVddkjksa vkSj egkdfo;ksa us Hkh viuh jpukvksa esa ̂ ueLrs* 'kCn dk gh

iz;ksx fd;k gSA

vfHkoknu ds fy, dqN vU; inka'kks dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tSls ̂ jke&jke*]

^t; Jhd`".k*] ̂ t; Jhjke*] ̂ t; nqxsZ*] vkfn jke&jke dks cykr~ /ekZUrj.k djus okys

erkU/ ;ouksa dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, fgUnqvksa us f}#fDr ds :i esa

vfHkoknu&izR;fHkoknu dk :i fn;kA ^t; Jhd`".k*] ^t; Jhjke*] ^t; nqxsZ* rks

/kfeZd t;?kks"k ds :i esa ns[ks tkus pkfg,¡A gekjs flD[k HkkbZ tc ijLij ^lr~Jh

vdky* ls vfHkoknu djrs gSa ;k gekjs toku tc ̂ t; fgUn* inka'k dk iz;ksx djrs gSa

rks os ;q¼dkyhu t;?kks"k tkus tkrs Fks] mlh rjg tSls ̂ vYykg&m&vdcj eqlyekuksa

dk t;?kks"k dgk tkrk gSA gk¡] eqlyekuksa esa vfHkoknu ds fy, ̂ vknkc* vFkkZr~ lyke

'kCn dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gS ftlesa ml 'k[l dh lykerh dk Hkko Nqik jgrk gSA euq us

ml ̂ lykerh* ds Hkko dks ;w¡ izdV fd;k gS&

czkã.ka dq'kya i`PNsr~] {k=k cU/qeuke;e~A

oS';a {kseaa lekxR; 'kwnza vkjksX;eso pAA

orZeku le; esa rks vfHkoknu ds u;s&u;s :i lkeus vk jgs gSa& gk; (gkFk mQ¡pk

djds)] ckbZ&ckbZ] VkW&VkW (gkFk mQij dj nk;sa ls ck;as fgykrs gq,) bR;kfnA ̂ gk;* ls rks

,slk yxrk gS fd dksbZ fiz; py clk gksA vxzs”kksa dh laLd`fr ls izHkkfor gksdj ge

^xqM&eksfuZx* ̂ xqM bofuax* cksydj mudk vfHkoknu djrs gSa ijUrq bu 'kCnksa ls ijLij

vkReh;rk dk vkHkkl ugha gksrkA ;g dsoy le; dk |ksru djus okys 'kCn ek=k gSaA D;k

gh vPNk gks fd blds LFkku ij ̂ 'kqHk izkr% vkSj 'kqHk laè;k* dgk tk,A

pkjksa osnksa] mifu"knksa] czkã.k xazFkksa] iqjk.kksa esa ^ueLrs* 'kCn dk gh iz;ksx gqvk gSA

dfri; ckuxh izLrqr gS%

*


;tqosZn % ueLrs vLrq fo|qrs ueLrs Lruf;Ruos

ueLrs HkxoUuLrq ;r% Lo% lehglsA &36@21

yxHkx ,slk gh Hkko vFkoZosn (11@4@2) esa Hkh O;Dr gSA

'kriFk czkã.k % l gksokp tudks oSnsgks ueLrs

l gksokp ueLrs ;kKoYdk; & 14@6@5

x#M+ iqjk.k % ueLrs ijekuUn ueLrs ijek{kj

ueLrs Kku l ko ueLrs Kkunk;dAA &234@12

mifu"kn~ esa ̂ ueks czkã.ks ueLrs ok;ks %* ds :i esa ̂ ue%* ;k ̂ ueLrs* dk gh iz;ksx gSA

ûe%* ûeLrs* dk gh va'k gSA Jh xq#xzUFk lkfgc dh vdky Lrqfr esa Hkh ûeLra*

vdkys] ueLra dìkys* esa ̂ ueLra* 'kCn ̂ ueLrs* dk gh LFkkukiUu gSA nsoh Hkkxor ds

nqxkZ ikB dh ,d ckuxh ns[ksa%

ueLrs 'kj.;s f'kos lkuqdEis]

ueLrs txn~O;kfius fpRLo:isA

ueLrs lnkuUn :ia ueLrs]

txÙkkfjf.k ikfg nqxsZ ueLrsAA (2@6)

fons'kksa ls tc dksbZ Hkkjr&Hkze.k ds fy, vkrk gS rks ̂ ueLrs* dg dj vfHkoknu djus esa

og izlUurk dk vuqHko djrs gSaA

u tkus ge Hkkjrh; D;ksa viuh oSfnd vkSj izkphu dky ls thoUr viuh laLd`fr

dks Hkwyrs tk jgs gSa ;k ;w¡ dgsa mlds izfr mnklhu gksrs tk jgs gSaA le; gS psrus dk]

viuh lkaLd`frd e;kZnkvksa dh lqj{kk dkA

rks vkb,! Lohdkj djsa fd tks 'kCn vfHkoknu ds lewps vFkZ ds lkFk iw.kZ lEeku]

izfr lEeku vkSj vk'khokZn ds Hkko dks vius esa latks;s gS og 'kCn gS ̂ ueLrs*A

bR;ye~A


O;fDr ds thou es lgkuqHkwfr vkSj lekuqHkwfr ds Hkko iSnk gksus ds ckn lso ds Hkkoksa

dk mn; gksrk gSA bu rhu Hkkoksa ds dkj.k gh O;fDr vU; tho tUrqvksa ds nq[k&nnZ

vkSj ihM+k dk vuqHko djrk gS vkSj mUgsa ck¡V dj de djus ds fy;s lsok dks lkdkj #i

iznku djrk gSA O;fDr ds ;s Hkko gh mls ifjokj lekt ;k ns'k ls tksM+ ikrs gSA lgkuqHkwfr

vkSj lekuqHkwfr ds Lrj fHkÂ fHkÂ gksus ls lsok dh Hkkouk vkSj Lrj esa vUrj ikpklk gSA

lgkuqHkwfr lcls lrgh vkSj izkjfEHkod Hkko gSA O;fDr] ifjokj] lekt vkSj

laLd`fr ftlesa O;fDr dks vius 'kCnksa ls ] dk;ksZ ls rFkk gko Hkko ls ;g n'kkZuk gksrk gS

fd og nq[kh ds nq[k ls ihM+k vuqHko dj mls nwj djuk pkgrk gSA ihfM+r O;fDr Hkh ml

O;fDr ds izfr vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gq;s d`rKrk Kkfir djrk gS tks lgkuqHkwfr n'kkZrk gSA

lgkuqHkwfr esa gh lekuqHkwfr vkSj lsok dh laHkkouk;s fo|eku jgrh gSaA

lekuqHkwfr esa ge ijkbZ ihM+k dks vuqHko djrs gSaA ;g dsoy vkSipkfjdrk gh ugh

gksrh oju O;fDr ds fu;a=k.k ls ckgj gksrh gSA lekuqHkwfr esa nwljksa dk nq[k ns[kdj O;fDr

vf/d laosnu'khy gks tkrk gS rFkk Hkkoqd gks dj ihfM+r ls ru eu ls lqd`r mlds nq[k

dks iwjh f'k¼r ds lkFk vuqHko djus yxrk gS rFkk lsok ds fy;s] izsfjr gks tkrk gS A ,d

liQy dfo] lfgR;dkj] ys[kd] laxhrdkj o dykdkj cuus esa lekuqHkwfr Hkh ,d

vge ;ksxnku djrh gSA

lsok dk Hkko lgkuqHkwfr vkSj lekuqHkwfr ds ckn eu esa vkrk gSA lPph vkSj

fu%LokFkZ lsok loksZre ekuh tkrh gSA Hkkjr fodkl ifj"kn~ laLdkj;qDr lsok ij pydj

uj lsok&ukjk;.k lsok dk ladj.k ysdj Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds mRFkku esa viuk fouez

;ksxnku dj jgk gSA

lgkuqHkwfr fopkjksa ls mRiÂ gksrh gS] lekuqHkwfr ân; esa mrj tkrh gS rFkk lsok

O;fDr ds thou ds y{; dks gh cny nsrh gSA lsok dh lhek;sa vÂr gksrh gSaA lsokHkko

ds fy;s tkfr] /eZ] Hkk"kk] ns'k] dky] jax] o.kZ vkfn dksbZ egRo ugha j[krs gSaA dsoy

ihM+k] nq[k] d:.kk] n;k] izse gh mls izHkkfor djrs gSa vkSj lk/kj.k ekuo dks egkohj]

cq¼] bZlkbZ] xq# ukud] lqdjkr] ekSgEen lkgc o egkRek xk¡/h cuk nsrs gSaA

lgkuqHkwfr] lekuqHkwfr ,oa lsokfd'kksj vxzoky


ns'k ds izFke jk"Vªifr MkW- jktsUnz izlkn tc lsokfuo`Ùk gks x, rks muds fonkbZ lekjksg esa rRdkyhu x`g ea=kh ykycgknqj 'kkL=kh us dgk Fkk fd ̂ ;g fo'kky jk"Vªifr Hkou ges'kk ds fy, ;kn djrk jgsxk fd dHkh blesa Hkh ,d lk/q vkdj jgk FkkA* jktsUnz ckcw dh ;g lknxh muds thou dh egkurk FkhA ;g lknxh&Hkjk jgu&lgu rFkk Å¡ps ntsZ dk fparu mUgsa vius iwoZtksa ls fojklr esa feyk FkkA MkW jktsUnz izlkn dk tUe 3 fnlacj] 1884 bZ- dks fcgkj jkT; ds lkj.k ftys ds thjknsbZ xzke esa gqvk FkkA fo|kFkhZ thou mudk cM+k 'kkunkj FkkA

dkWyst dk izFke fnu

chloha 'krkCnh esa dydÙkk ds izslhMsalh dkWyst dk f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa cM+k uke FkkA ns'k ds vehj yksxksa ds cPpksa dk izos'k Hkh ml dkWyst esa eqf'dy ls gh gksrk FkkA mlh le; ,d nsgkrh ckyd bl dkWyst esa is tkrs Fks] ij os izslhMsalh dkWyst esa i fy;k FkkA bl ij nsgkrh Nk=k us iqu% dgk] ̂ eSaus dkWyst esa vkt gh uke fy[kok;k gS] blfy, Øekad ugha tkurk gw¡* izksisQlj us iwNk vkSj bl Nk=k us uke crk;k rks Dykl ds lkjs Nk=k eqM+dj mls ns[kus yxsA lHkh Nk=kksa dks tkudkjh fey pqdh Fkh fd blh uke dk Nk=k iwjs fo'ofo|ky; esa izFke vk;k gSA izksisQlj us lEeku ds lkFk ml

lknxh ds izrhd MkW- jktsUnz izlkn

mes'k izlkn flag


ckyd dks vkxs cqyk;kA rc rd fizafliy Hkh vk x,A mUgksaus ml Nk=k dk ifjp; djk;kA og Nk=k dksbZ vkSj ugha] cfYd jktsUnz izlkn Fks] tks ckn esa Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr cusA

uhan dk geyk

jktsUnz ckcw dks 'kke esa tYnh lks tkus dh vknr FkhA lu~ 1914 esa tc os odkyr ds vafre o"kZ dh ijh{kk ns jgs Fks] rc 'kke dks nsj rd idj ckgj ds cjkens esa Bgjk fn;kA vxys fnu xk¡/h th pEikju pys x,A xk¡/h th ds pEikju igq¡prs gh mu ij 144 /kjk dh uksfVl rkehy gqbZA mUgksaus jktsUnz izlkn ds ikl rkj Hkstk vkSj ;Fkk'kh?kz eksfrgkjh igq¡pus ds fy, dgkA mlds igys xk¡/h th dk jktsUnz izlkn ls fo'ks"k laidZ ugha FkkA jktsUnz ckcw


eksfrgkjh pys x,A rc ls xk¡/h th dk jktsUnz ckcw ij vVy fo'okl gks x;kA

lknxh dh ewfrZ

lu~ 1936 dh ckr gSA jktsUnz ckcw fdmy LVs'ku ij mrjus okys FksA IysViQkeZ ij ,d Nksj ls nwljs Nksj rd jk"Vªh; èot ygjk jgs FksA xkM+h vkbZ] ij os utj ugha vk,A yksxksa dh meax BaMh iM+ xbZA grk'k&mnkl gksdj yksx fc[kM+us yxsA brus esa irk pyk fd dy jkr dh xkM+h ls vkdj eqlkfiQj [kkus esa jktsUnz ckcw cSBs gSaA HkhM+ ml rjiQ nkSM+ iM+hA lcus ns[kk fd dkys dEcy ij eksVs lwr dh lkiQ pknj fcNh gS] xaHkhj eq[k eqnzk] izlUu eq[keaMy] lkSE; 'kakr ewfrZ ckcwth cSBs gSaA t;?kks"k ls eqlkfiQj[kkuk xw¡t mBkA os t;ukn djus ls jksdrs gq, dgus yxs&^vki yksx 'kkar jfg,] laHkydj pfy,] cspkjs fHk[kkfj;ksa dks /Dds yx tk,¡xsA*

jktsUnz ckcw cM+s ladksph LoHkko ds FksA ,d ckj jkf=k esa nsjh ls bykgkckn igq¡ps rks ia- tokgj yky usg: ds fuokl LFkku vkuUn Hkou rd rk¡xs ij lokj gksdj x,A mUgksaus usg: th dks lksus ls txkuk mfpr ugha le>k vkSj Lo;a ckgj ,d VwVh gqbZ iyax ij lks x,A jkr esa mudh [kk¡lh ls usg: th tkxs tks mUgsa mij ys x,A

os 25 twu] 1962 bZ- dks jk"Vªifr in ls eqDr gq, FksA blls iwoZ 10 ebZ] 1962 bZ- dks fnYyh ds jkeyhyk eSnku esa mudh fonkbZ dk lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;k x;k] ftlesa fganh ds izfl¼ dfo jke/kjh flag fnudj us dgk Fkk&

uUnhxzke ds Hkjr] jkt&lj ds fu"dyq"k dey gsA

t; fpjkÅ Hkkjr&ijaijk ds uohu lacy gsA

jkt&n.M&/j rHkh riks/u laU;klh e/qou dsA t; vHkax ozr flagklu 'kksfHkr oSjkX; foey gs

tud&oal dh foHkk] jRu&nhid v'kksd ds dqy dsA

t; iquhr xk¡/h&xaxk ds ije L=kksr mTtoy gsA

vuy&eqDr eu] oj oS".ko tu] ij ihM+u Hk;gkjhA

t; 'khry] t; fujfHkeku] t;&t; fujhg fu'Ny gsA

jk"Vªifr in ls vodk'k izkIr djds os iVuk ds lnkdr vkJe esa jgus yxsA ogha 28 iQjojh] 1963 bZ- dks ̂ jke&jke* tirs gq, os LoxZ fl/kjsA jktsUnz ckcw us dbZ iqLrdksa dh jpuk dhA buesa ̂ vkRedFkk*] ̂ [kafMr Hkkjr*] ̂ pEijku esa lR;kxzg*] egkRek xk¡/h* vkSj ̂ fcgkj ckiw ds dneksa esa* vkfn izeq[k gSaA


lEidZ lg;ksx laLdkj leiZ.klsok

i

Hkkjr vukfn dky ls 'kfÙkQ dh iwtk djrk vk;k gSA gekjs ;gk¡ rsarhl djksM+ nsoh

nsorkvksa dh vo/kj.kk gSA budh iwtk djrs le; ge budh 'kfÙkQ lEiurk dk Lej.k

vo'; djrs gSaA bu lc esa lc ls vf/d iwT; Hkxoku f'ko'kadj rks 'kfÙkQ ds izrhd gh

gSaA uojkf=k ds volj ij izR;sd o"kZ ek¡ nqxkZ dh ukS 'kfDr;ksa ds :Ik esa mikluk dh tkrh

gSA izR;sd #Ik esa ek¡ nqxkZ gkFk esa dksbZ u dksbZ vL=k] ryokj] f=k'kqy] pØ] xnk vkfn

/kj.k fd, gksrh gSaA ;s lc 'kfÙkQ ds izrhd gSaA nqxkZ li`Foh esa nqxkZ ds ukS vorkjksa dk

mYys[k gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd fofHkUu voljksa ij iSnk gq, jk{klksa dk o/ djus ds

fy, mUgksaus ukS vorkj /kj.k fd;sA Hkxoku jke ds gkFk esa /uq"k&ok.k ,oa Hkxoku d`".k

ds gkFk esa lqn'kZu pØ jgrk gSA Hkkjr ds vf/dka'k yksx ftu guqeku th dh iwtk djrs

gSa os rks brus 'kfÙkQoku gSa fd cpiu esa gh lw;Z dks lqUnj iQy le> dj fuxy fy;k FkkA

;fn ge Hkkjr ds bfrgkl ij fogaxe n`f"V Mkysa rks Kkr gksxk fd izkphu dky ls

gh 'kkldksa ,oa 'kkflr nksuks us vius vkjkè; nsoh nsorkvksa }kjk LFkkfir vkn'kks± dk

ikyu fd;kA pUnzxqIr] foØekfnR; vkfn vusd jktkvksa us 'kfÙkQ dk iz;ksx vU;k; ,o

vukpkj ds neu ds fy, djds Hkkjr dks le`f¼ iznku dhA ijorhZ dky esa i`Foh jkt]

egkjk.kk izrki] ohj f'kokth ,oa >k¡lh dh jkuh us Hkh 'k=kqvksa ds fouk'k ,oa ns'k dk xkSjo

j[kus ds fy, 'kfÙkQ dk iz;ksx fd;k ;|fi mUgsa fot; ugha izkIr gqbZ rFkkfi mudh x.kuk

ohjksa esa gksrh gSA vkt Hkkjr 'kfÙkQ dh iwtk rks mlh izdkj djrk gS fdUrq fdlh ds }kjk

vk¡[k fn[kk, tkus ij Fkj Fkj dk¡ius yxrk gSA

geyk gksus ij gj ckj gekjh ljdkj l[r dne mBkus dh ?kks"k.kk djrh gS] fdUrq

mlds fy, lkgl ugh tqVk ikrhA d'ehj esa lhekikj ls vkradh geys eas gekjs ;qok

lSfud ikd izf'kf{kr vkradokfn;ksa ls eqdkcyk djrs gq, 'kghn gks tkrs gSaA ckn esa dqN

dks ohjrk iqjLdkj nsdj dÙkZO; dh bfr Jh le> yh tkrh gSA vkradokn ds ewy dkj.kksa

dh iM+rky ,oa mlds fuokj.k dk dksbZ iz;kl ugha fd;k tkrkA

'kkfUr ds ykyp esa le>kSrs dh ;gh ekufldrk vktrd cuh gqbZ gSA fiNys 65

o"kZ ds ?kVuk Øe dks ns[ksa rks irk pysxk fd blls gesa dqN Hkh gkfly ugha gqvkA myVs

Hkkjr dh 'kfÙkQ iwtkvkj ds- JhokLro


ge dqN u dqN x¡okrs gh pys x,A c¡Vokjs ds ckn ikfdLrku dks ysdj Hkh mlds

vkdkvksa dks larks"k ugha gqvkA mUgksaus 22 vDVwcj 1947 dks gh d'ehj ij geyk dj

fn;kA ;fn ljnkj iVsy us d'ehj ds egkjktk ls fot; ds nLrkost ij gLrk{kj djkus

rFkk 27 vDVwcj dh lqcg lsuk dks gokbZ tgktksa ls Jhuxj Hkstus dh dk;Zokgh u dh

gksrh rks d'ehj Hkkjr ds gkFk ls ges'kk ds fy, pyk tkrkA fnlEcj 1947 esa Hkkjrh;

lsuk ds izeq[k us dgk Fkk fd nks lIrkg esa [kks, gq, {ks=k dks gkfly dj fy;k tk;xkA

fdUrq ia0 usg: us la;qDr jk"Vª esa f'kdk;r djus dk nqHkkZX; iw.kZ fu.kZ; fy;k rFkk 1

tuojh] 1948 ls vØked vfHk;kuksa dks jksd nsus dk vkns'k fn;k tc fd nq'eu us

yM+kbZ tkjh j[kh FkhA

blh izdkj 1962 esa phu ds gkFk 'keZukd ijkt; ds ckn Hkkjr dh laln us

ladYi fd;k Fkk fd tc rd Hkkjr dh ,d ,d bap ”kehu phu ls okil ugha yh

tk;sxh] ;g laln pSu ls ugha cSBsxhA ipkl lky ckn Hkh fLFkfr oSlh gh gSA 37500 oxZ

fd0 eh0 tEew d'ehj dk {ks=k Hkh phu ds dCts es gSA

bl izdkj Hkkjr ljdkj u rks fofHkUu 'kgjks esa gks jgs vkardh geyksa dks jksd ik jgh

gS vkSj u gh lhekikj ls ikfdLrku izf'kf{kr vkradokfn;ksa dh ?kqliSB dks vkf[kj bldk

dkj.k D;k gSA fLFkfr ds lgh vkadyu ds fy, vU; ns'kksa esa gq, vkradh geys rFkk ml

ij dh xbZ dk;Zokgh ds ckjs esa tkuuk t#jh gksXkkA

11 flrEcj 2001 dks U;w;kdZ vkSj okf'kaxVu esa vkrafd;ks us geyk fd;kA

jk"Vªifr tktZ cq'k us rRdky gh ,d vk;ksx dh fu;qfÙkQ dh ftles fjifCydu rFkk

MseksØsV nksuks nyksa ds lhusVj 'kkfey FksA fIkQj vkradokn ds f[kykIkQ vR;Ur izHkko'kkyh

dkuwu rS;kj fd;k

ftlesa lafnX/ yksxksa dh fxjiQrkjh rFkk iwNrkN ls lEcfU/r reke u, vf/dkj

lqj{kk cyksa ,oa tk¡p ,tsfUl;ksa dks fn;s x;sA fxjiQrkj yksxksa ds f[kykiQ Rofjr eqdnesa

dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ rkfd nks"kh ik, tkus ij le; ds vUnj mUgsa n.M fn;k tk ldsA bu

lc mik;ksa dk lexz izHkko ;g gqvk fd rc ls vesfjdk esa dksbZ vkradh ?kVuk ugha gqbZA

fczVsu dh ckr djsa rks ogk¡ Hkh yanu esVªks rFkk VªkaliksVZ flLVe esa vkradh geys ds

ckn fczVsu us vkardokn ls yM+us ds fy, ,d u;k dBksj dkuwu cuk;k] viuh xqIrpj

lsokvksa dks etcwr fd;k vkSj vkardh ?kVukvksa dks vatke nsus ds lansg esa idM+s x;s


yksxksa ds f[kykiQ eqdnes dh izfØ;k dks lqxe cuk;k blds ckn ogk¡ dksbZ vkardh geyk

ugha gqvkA

ofjI;k eksfgyh dh vè;{krk okys f}rh; iz'kklfud lq/kj vk;ksx us vesfjdk]

bXySaM] vkLVªsfy;k vkSj Hkkjr esa vkardokn fojks/h dkuwuksa dk foLr`r fo'ys"k.k djus ds

ckn ;g er O;Dr fd;k fd vkardokn tSls vlk/kj.k vijk/ ds fy, vlk/kj.k

izkfo/ku gksus t:jh gSaA vk;ksx us iksVk ds vusd izfo/kuksa dks iqu% ykxw djus dh

fliQkfj'k dh] fdUrq bl ij è;ku ugha fn;k x;kA blds foijhr 2008 ds fnYyh /ekdksa

ds ckn ,d dsUnzh; ea=kh us dgk Fkk fd orZeku dkuwu vkrad ls fuiVus esa l{ke gS vkSj

;s vesfjdk vkSj baxySaM ds dkuwuksa ls vf/d dM+s gSaA ;g ,d [kks[kyh nyhy FkhA

iM+kslh ns'k ikfdLrku esa Hkkjr esa vkardh geys dh ;kstuk,a cuk;h tkrh gSA xjhc

;qokvksa dks ykyp nsdj muds fnekx esa ftgknh fgalk ds cht jksis tkrs gSaA fiQnkbu rS;kj

djds mUgsa vkradh geys dh Vªsafux nh tkrh gSA ikfdLrku rFkk ikd vf/Ñr dk'ehj esa

vusd vkardh f'kfoj py jgs gSA Hkkjr ljdkj dqN ugha dj ik jghA ftgkfn;ksa] ckgjh

?kqlisfB;ksa rFkk fe'kufj;ks dh xfrfof/;ksa ij turk Øq¼ gksrh gS]fdUrq 'kkldh; inksa ij

cSBk oxZ lcls v¡k[ksa pqjkrk gS] og /u nsdj vkSj [kq'kken djds vkØedksa dks 'kkUr

djuk pkgrk gSA ftgkfn;ksa vkSj ikfdLrkuh lsuk us 8&1&2013 dks ykal uk;d gsejkt

,oa lq/kjd dh u dsoy gR;k djds mudk vaxHkax fd;k oju ,d dk lj Hkh dkV dj

ys x, ftlds fy, 26@11 ds lw=k/kj gkfiQt lbZn us ikWp yk[k #i;s ds iqjLdkj dh

?kks"k.kk dh FkhA bl ccZjrk dh ftruh Hkh fuUnk dh tk;] de gSA tys ij ued ;g fd

blds nks fnu ds vUnj 10&1&2013 dks veu dh vk'kk ds uke ls ,d ppkZ vk;ksftr

dh xbZ ftlesa Hkkjr ,ao ikfdLrku ds i=kdkj ,oa cqf¼thfo;ksa us Hkkx fy;k vkSj bldh

eè;Lrk ,d dsUæh; ea=kh us dh FkhA

vkt egRoiw.kZ ç'u ;g gS fd Hkkjr dks ubZ ifjfLFkfr ls eqdkcyk djus ds fy,

D;k djuk pkfg,A lcls cMh+ leL;k dk'ehj dh gSA dk'ehj esa eqfLye vkradokn dh

ftl leL;k ls Hkkjr nks pkj gks jgk gS] Bhd oSlh gh fLFkfr ls 1949 essa phu dks Hkh

;Lr gkssuk iM+k Fkk f'kuft;kax phu dk dk'ehj gSA ogk¡ rqdhZ eqLyeku (mbZxj) cgqer

esa gSa vkSj vktknh dh ekax dj jgs gaS A os gku tkfr ds phuh ukxfjdks ls fgald la?k"kZ

djrs jgrs gSA phuh jk"Vªifr us bl fonzksg dks l[rh ls nck;kA f'kuft;kax esa 1949 esa

gkfutkrh ds yksx Ng izfr'kr Fks A phuh usr`Ro us ogk¡ ewy okfl;ksa dks clk;k vc


mudh la[;k 41 izfr'kr gSA blds foijhr tEeq dk'ehj esa dk'ehjh iafMrks dks [knsM+k

x;kA vc budh la[;k ux.; gSA ikfdLrku esa 1947 esa dqy vkcknh dk 25 izfr'kr

fgUnw Fks tks vc ?kV dj 1 1-6 izfr'kr jg x;s gSaA bl lEcU/ esa fuMj gksdj dBksj

dk;Zokgh dh vko';drk gSA

dk'ehj ds foLFkkfir dfo Mk- dqUnu yky pkS/jh us vius dfork laxzg ̂ bZ'oj ]

euq"; vkSj mxzoknh * dh Hkwfedk esa ,d iz'u j[kk Fkk] ^gekjs nsorkvksa us gesa fujk'k

fd;k gS ;k geusa vius nsorkvksa dks* fujk'k fd;k gSA geus Hkxoku f'ko 'kadj] ek¡ nqxkZ ]

Hkxoku jke ] d`".k ,ao 'kfDr'kkyh guqeku th ds lans'kks dk fujknj fd;k gSA Hkkjr

'kfDr dh iwtk vkt Hkh djrk gS fdUrq dsoy vius O;fDrxr LokFkZ ds fy, u fd

vU;k; ls fuHkZ; gksdj yM+us ds fy,A

tc rd Hkkjr dks viuh okLrfod 'kfDr dk Hkku ugha gksrk rFkk og mldk iz;ksx

ugha djrk rc rd mldh 'kfDr iwtk fujFkZd ,ao fu"iz;ksT; cuh jgsxhA

Pleasure and Happiness

l Most of the time pleasure is used synonymously with happiness.

l Pleasure is dependent on a particular activity or happening, while happiness is a state of mind, independent of any such activity.

l Pleasure is not constant or stable. It is short lived and ceases, shortly after the activity, on which it was depending, halts.

l The source of pleasure is the outside world, the source of happiness is within you.


chloha lnh ds eè; esa fo'o ds reke ns'k vkSifuosf'kd nklrk ls eqDr gq, Fks

exj nqHkkZX'o'k mudh vk¡[kksa esa vk/qfudhdj.k dk tks liuk Fkk] og if'pehdj.k ;k

^Åij ls uhps dh vksj* okys fodkl dk izfriQy FkkA bls gh Hkkjr esa usg: ekWMy dgk

x;k ftlesa cM+s ck¡/ksa] cM+h ugjksa] cM+s Hkouksa vkfn dks ̂ vk/qfud efUnj* dh laKk nh

xbZA exj dkykUrj esa uhfrfu/kZjdksa] fo'ks"kKksa vkSj 'kkldksa@tuizfrfuf/;ksa dh le> esa

;g vk;k fd ̂ cM+k lqUnj gksrk gS*] ̂ lHkh if'peh phtsa lqUnj gksrh gSa* tSls tqeys turk

ds fgrksa ds vlyh i{k/j ugha gSa D;ksafd os ped vkSj vkd"kZ.k iSnk dj ldrs gSa] izxfr

ugha_ vkfFkZd :i ls dqN le; ds fy, ykHknk;d gks ldrs gSa] exj LFkk;h :i ls

ughaA ;g if'peh ekWMy i;kZoj.k fojks/h gS D;ksafd izkd`frd lalk/uksa dk nksgu T;knk

ek=kk esa] csijokg gksdj va/k/aq/ rjhds ls rFkk rkRdkfyd ykHk ds fy, if'peh yksx

djrs gSa ftlls vxyh ekuo ih

dh fu;fer vkiwfrZ] lM+d vkSj ikuh dh eqÝr lqfo/k] lLrh nj ij etnwj] djksa dh

de nj vkfn) izkIr gksrh gS ftlls eqÙkQ cktkj vius MSus foLrkj ls iSQyk ldsA

fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh cM+h vkcknh ds eísutj ogk¡ ds yksxksa dks u;h&u;h phtksa esa 'kkSd

iSnk dh tk jgh gS vkSj vDlj fcuk t:jr ds Hkh mudh bPNkvksa dks foKkiuksa ds ”kfj,

vko';drkvksa esa cnyk tk jgk gS vkSj vUrr% mUgsa vPNs ukxfjd cuus ds fy, lcls

igys miHkksÙkQk cuk;k tk jgk gSA

igys foosdokn (MsdkrZ) esa dgk tkrk Fkk& ̂ eSa gw¡ D;ksafd eSa lksprk gw¡* A exj

vc euq"; dks lkspus okyk izk.kh ugha cfYd ns[kus okyk] lquus okyk] [kjhnus okyk vkSj

miHkksx djus okyk crk;k tk jgk gS ftldk vkIropu gS % ̂ eSa gw¡ D;ksafd eSa [kjhnrk gw¡*A

tks T;knk [kjhnsxk] ckj&ckj [kjhnsxk] ukuk izdkj dh phtsasa [kjhnsxk] mls

O;olk;h@nqdkunkj T;knk rjthg nsxk& mls ̂ ,d [kjhnks] nwljk eqÝr* dk vkWiQj feysxk]

mls udn ds vfrfjÙkQ m/kj Hkh feysxk (lkekU; tuksa ds fy, fy[kk jgsxk ̂ m/kj izse

dh dSaph gS* ;k ̂ vkt uxn] dy m/kj*)] mls eqÝr esa iSdst dh 'kqYd feysxh] iQksu

ij Ø;kns'k feyus ij mlds ?kj ij lLrh phtas fcuk vfrfjDr 'kqYd ds igq¡pk nh

tk,¡xh ^gkse Msfyojh* ds uke ijA ;g vdkj.k ugha gS fd v¡xzsth v[kckjksa ds lkFk

jkstkuk gkse Msfyojh (fo'ks"kdj fiTtk] gSEcxZj] dkafVusaVy Hkkstu@iQkLV iwQM) dh

izpkj&lkexzh eqÝr esa forfjr dh tkrh gS D;ksafd mls mPp vkSj mPp&eè; oxZ ds

ikBd izk;% i

esa vk;kfrr B.Ms is;ksa esa Fkh tks LokLF; ds fy, uqdlkunsg gSA ets dh ckr rks ;g gS

fd tk¡p ds le; rd Hkkjr esa ,slk dksbZ dkuwuh izko/ku ugha Fkk ftlds rgr

mRikn@forjd ds fo:¼ dkjokbZ dh tkrhA lks cgqjk‘ªh; dEifu;k¡ bldk uktk;t ykHk

mBk jgh FkhaA bl tk¡p dks tu&lapkj ekè;eksa us dkiQh izpkfjr fd;kA nwljh vksj ckck

jkenso us vius ;ksx f'kfojksa rFkk Vh-oh- pSuyksa ij izlkfjr izopuksa esa fons'kh fMCck can

[kk|&inkFkksZa ,oa is;ksa ds uqdlku ls yksxksa dks tkx`r fd;k ftlds iQyLo:i budh

[kir 20 ls 30 izfr'kr de gks xbZA

exj cgqjk‘ªh; dEifu;ksa us nks j.kuhfr;k¡ viukbZa % igyh] isfIldks us Hkkjr esa

tUeh bfUnjk uqbZ dks dEiuh dk izcU/&funs'kd cuk fn;kA nwljh] mu lcus cM+s 'kkfrj

rjhds ls dqN Hkkjrh;ksa dks feykdj ;g nq"izpkfjr fd;k fd iratfy ;ksx ihB] gfj}kj

(ckck jkenso) dh vk;qosZn dh nok,¡ vizekf.kd] gkfudkjd rFkk ekuo&vaxksa ls

fefJr gSaA bu nq"izpkjksa esa dqN jktusrk Hkh Fks exj ckn esa iratfy ;ksx ihB (gfj}kj) ls

uewus ysdj tks tk¡p dh xbZ] muesa bu vkjksiksa dks xyr ik;k x;kA dgus dk vk'k; ;g

gS fd ;fn dksbZ cgqjk‘ªh; dEifu;ksa }kjk mRikfnr&fu;kZfrr mRiknksa dh xq.koÙkk ds ckjs esa

loky mBkrk gS ;s dEifu;k¡ muds ihNs iM+ tkrh gSa% dqN le; ds fy, os Hkzakfr iSQykus

esa liQy Hkh gks tkrh gSaA ;g fofHkÂ egkuxjksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd cM+s&cM+s iwQM

psu] LVksj] iwQM dksVZ] iwQM cktkj] fcx cktkj /M+Yys ls [kqy jgs gSa tks izk;%

okrkuqdwfyr gksrs gSa] tgk¡ lkeku eg¡xs feyrs gSa vkSj tgk¡ cktkj dh ped&ned vius

pje ij gksrh gSA ;|fi ogk¡ ykHk T;knk gksrk gS] exj ogk¡ dk;Zjr etnwj@deZpkjh izk;%

vLFkk;h gksrs gSa (Bsds ij) vkSj mudk osru (etnwjh) cgqr de gksrk gSA ogk¡ vke

vkneh viuh tsc VVksy dj vius dks ghurj le>dj izk;% izos'k ugha djrk A tSlk

fd loZfofnr gS] ;g tulapkj ekè;eksa dh pdkpkSa/ dk tekuk gS] ftlls cgqr lkjs

pSuyksa ij fu;fer :i ls fMCckcan vkSj cksrycan [kk| inkFkksZa@is; ty vkfn dk izpkj

vk jgk gS vkSj nwljh vksj fons'kh fiTtk] gSEcxZj] iSfVl] iqfM+x] dk;s tk jgs gSa ftlls Vh-oh- ns[kus okyh efgykvksa dh #fp cnys D;ksafd izk;% os

lcls T;knk le; rd vkSj fu;fer rjhds ls Vh-oh- ns[krh gSaA

exj blds dbZ vizR;kf'kr nq"ifj.kke Hkh lkeus vkrss gSaA elyu fMCckcUn]

cksrycUn [kk|&inkFkksZa@is;ksa ds mi;ksx ls yM+fd;ksa esa fd'kksjkoLFkk nl o"kZ ds igys

'kq: gks jgh gS&ftuesa Nkrh dk mHkkj ekgokjh] ;kSukdka{kk vkfn izeq[k y{k.k gSaA bu


y{k.kksa ds fy, IykfLVd dh cksryksa dk mi;ksx Hkh ftEesnkj gS vkSj mlds jlk;uksa ds

ifj.kkeLo:i eksVkik Hkh rsth ls chy dk {ks=kiQy 36000 oxZehVj gS rFkk

iwoZ esa blus fnYyh uxj fuxe dks Ms

vfLrRo gh ugha gSA nwljs] tgk¡xhjiqjh (mÙkjh fnYyh) dh nyny Hkwfe ds 7-4 yk[k

oxZehVj {ks=k esa ls 1989 essa fnYyh ty cksMZ us dqN tehu yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx rFkk

fnYyh iqfyl dkss csp nhA fnYyh ds ekLVj Iyku 2021 esa bl 100 ,dM+ ls vf/d

{ks=kiQy dks ^vkoklh;* fn[kk;k x;k gSA bl izdkj eq[; lfpo dh vè;{krk okyh

lfefr us bls tyk'k; ugha ekukA exj fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; esa tks iQksVksxzkiQ is'k fd,

x, Fks] mlesa va'kr% ty {ks=k vkSj v'kar% dwM+k&djdV ls Hkjko fn[kk;k x;k FkkA

fouksn dqekj tSu }kjk nk;j tufgr ;kfpdk esa ,slh fLFkfr (nks tyk'k;ksa dk vfLrRo

feVkuk) ij mPp U;k;ky;] fnYyh us vizlÂrk O;ÙkQ dh vkSj fnYyh ljdkj dks iqu%

tk¡p djus dk vkns'k fn;kA fofHkÂ tyk'k;ksa ds [kRe gksus ds dkj.k cjlkr esa

mÙkjh&iwohZ rFkk iwohZ fnYyh esa ck

dk leqfpr iquokZl vHkh rd ugha fd;k x;k gSA nwljh vksj bu foLFkkfirksa ds fofHkÂ

thfodk&L=kksr u‘ gks pqds gSaA gjlwn dLck iwjh rjg ls ty&Iykfor gks x;k D;ksafd ;g

?kks"k.kk dh xbZ fd tks ftruh tYnh viuk ?kj rksM+sxk] mls mruh tYnh vkSj mruk T;knk

eqvkotk feysxkA ftl ?kj (tks fliZQ edku ugha gksrk) dks cukus esa bUlku dh iwjh

ftUnxh yx tkrh gS] mls rksM+us esa og viuh ftUnxh rksM+ ysrk gSA fpidks vkanksyu

(mÙkjk[kaM) ouksa dh Fkksd okf.kfT;d dVkbZ ds fo#¼ 'kq: gqvk Fkk vkSj rRdkyhu

iz/kuea=kh bafnjk xk¡/h ds gLr{ksi ls vkanksyu vius mís'; esa liQy gks x;kA mlh rtZ

ij nf{k.k Hkkjr esa djhc 1600 fd-eh- esa iSQys if'pe ?kkV ds ouksa dh dVkbZ jksdus ds

fy, iakMqjax gsxM+s ds usr`Ro esa vfIidks vkanksyu py jgk gS tks thfodk ds eqís dks

i;kZoj.kh; ljdkjksa ls tksM+rk gSA exj bl vkanksyu ds ckotwn if'peh ?kkV ds bykds

esa fodkl ds uke ij daØhV ds taxyksa dh Hkjekj gks xbZ gS ftlls i;kZoj.k dqizHkkfor

gks jgk gSA fofHkÂ ck¡/ksa] fctyh ifj;kstukvksa] m|ksxksa] fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=kksa vkfn ds fy,

fdlkuksa dh tehu ̂ lkoZtfud mís';* ds uke ij yh xbZ gS ;k yh tk jgh gS tks fdlkuksa

dh bPNk ds fo#¼ gS vkSj mUgsa cktkj nj ij dher ugha pqdkbZ tk jgh gS rFkk mUgsa

oSdfYid LFkk;h thfodk dk lk/u ughaa fn;k tk jgk gSA fojks/ djus esa mUgsa viuh

tku x¡okuh iM+ jgh gS tSls%& if'pe caxky esa flaxwj vkSj uUnhxzke esa] mÙkj izns'k esa

nknjh esaA

;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd fo'o dh 925 cM+h ufn;ksa dk dqy cgko (1948&2004

ds nkSjku) ?kV jgk gSA buesa ls dbZ cM+h ufn;k¡ ;Fkk Hkkjr esa xaxk] mÙkjh phu esa ihyh

unh] if'peh vizQhdk esa ukbtj nf{k.k&if'pe vesfjdk esa dksyksjSMks dkiQh cM+h

vkcknh dh lsok djrh gaSA fgUn egklkxj esa izfro"kZ cgko esa 3 izfr'kr ;k 140 D;wfcd

fdyksehVj dh deh gks jgh gSA exj viokn Lo:i vkdZfVd egklkxj esa ciZQ ds

fi?kyus ds dkj.k ufn;ksa dk egÙo c

vkyksd esa ;g ux.; gSA okLro esa] /krqvksa dk [kuu] Hkwfe dk vf/xzg.k] ty dk

nksgu] ÅtkZ dh dkiQh [kir] cM+k ck¡/ fuekZ.k vkfn esa izkd`frd lalk/uksa dk vR;f/d

'kks"k.k fuUnuh; gS& ;g fodkl ds uke ij fouk'k gSA egkuxjksa esa okguksa dk iznw"k.k Hkh

rsth ls c

cM+k gks tk,A ;|fi bl nok dh fcØh ij ljdkj }kjk jksd yxkbZ xbZ gS exj ;g ipkl

iSls dh nj ls fnYyh] esjB] vyhx

euq"; gksus dk vFkZ gj fdlh dks Lo;a ds fy, ifjHkkf"kr djuk iM+rk gSA euq";

,d bdkbZ gSA i'kq] i{kh] tkuoj] isM+&ikS/s] tM+ psru vkSj lkjh l`f"V ds eè; euq"; dk

tUe gqvk gSA djhc&djhc lHkh ekeyksa esa ge vU; thoksa ls lkE; j[krs gSa flok;

gekjh lkspus dh 'kfDr ds blh ls geus Lo;a dks lcls vf/d rkdroj vkSj Øwj cuk;k

gSA

Hk; ls lekt cuk- lekt ls thou dks laokjus dh izfØ;k 'kq: gqbZ lekt dh

lajpuk gh gekjk eq[; ljksdkj Fkk vkSj vkt Hkh gSA e`R;q ds Hk; ls og thou dks ljy

vkSj lkSan;Ze; cukus dh vksj ykSVk- mldk ykSVuk vkSj u ykSVuk ;gh vkt ds fo"k; dk

dssanz fcanq gSA

eSa viuh lqfo/k ds fy, bl ykSVus dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj jgk gwa- igyk og

Lo;a dh vksj ykSVrk gS] nwljk izd`fr dh vksjA tc og Lo;a dh vksj ykSVrk gS mlds

ikl 'kjhj gh gksrk gS- blh 'kjhj dks mls lcls igys nsg cukuk iM+rk gSA'kjhj ls nsg dh

;k=kk gh mldh lkaLd`frd ;k=kk gSA lkaLd`frd gksus dk ljy&lk vFkZ gS viuh

vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ dh ftthfo"kk ;k dgsa yyd] ;kn jgs eSa vko';drk dg jgk

gwa& vkjkensg ;k foykflrk dh ckr ugha dj jgk gwaA

vko';drk nsg dh gS] vkRek dh HkhA nsg ls gh 'kCn mits gSa- nsg ls gh dykvksa

dk vkfoHkkZo gqvk gSaA gekjh bafnz;ka gh dykvksa dk mRlo gS] mUgha ls Hkko mRiUu gksrs

gSa] mUgha ls Hkko lapkfjr gksrs gSa] ogh vfHkO;fDr gksus dh Hkw[k txkrh gS] mlh ls Hkk"kk

cuh gS] mlh ls O;kdj.k cuk gS] mlh ls lEizs"k.k ds rjhds bZtkn gq, gSa] mlh ls vkuan

dk Li'kZ gksrk gSA

vko';drk 'kjhj dh Hkh gSA Hkw[k yxrh gS] I;kl yxrh gS] uhan vkrh gSA 'kjhj esa

Fkdku vkrh gS] lsDl dh Hkw[k Hkh gSA mldks ltkus&laokjus dk lksp Hkh lkaLd`frd

lksp gSa- gekjs iqj[kksa ls ;gha xyrh gqbZ gSaA bl ftthfo"kk ;k dgsa yyd dks geus xyr

eksM+ fn;k- geus mls vè;kRe dh rjiQ eksM+ fn;k tcfd thou dh vko';drk,a vyx

ge lkaLd`frd 'kwU;rk dh fLFkfr esa th jgs gSa!

fot; 'kadj


gSaA lc dqN vè;kRe esa fufgr ugha gSA geus mls ,d [kwclwjr eksM+ nsus dk iz;kl fd;k-

ogh eksM+ vc gekjs xys dh iQakl cu x;k gSA

vfLrRo vkSj lg&vfLrRo dk m|e gh laLd`fr dk vk/kj gSA geus vkRek dh

vko';drk dh ckr Hkh dh gSA l`f"V dh y; ls tqM+us dh ckr&Ír ls lk{kkRdkj &Ír

ls ;kuh lR; ls rkjrE; fcBkus dh t:jrA

dFkkdkj] fpard fueZy oekZ us ,d lk{kkRdkj esa gYds ls ,d ckr dgh gS& ̂ ^;g

,d ,sfrgkfld la;ksx gh dgk tk,xk fd ledkyhu Hkkjrh; laLd`fr viuh

vfHkO;fDr ds }kj lkfgR; esa u [kkstdj vU;=k [kkstrh gSA* mUgksaus lkaLd`frd

vfHkO;fDr dks lkfgR; rd lhfer djus dh ckr dgh gSA ge ml vfHkO;fDr dks lHkh

fo/kvksa esa] rduhd esa] d`f"k m|ksx esa gj dgha ns[kuk pkg jgs gSaA lkfgfR;d

vfHkO;fDr ,d lhfer nk;jk gSA gekjs vius ns'k esa fdrus yksx lkfgR; dks i dks ge ns'kdky ds nk;js esa ykuk

pkg jgs gSa- LokHkkfod&lk iz'u fnekx esa vkrk gS fd Jh vjfoan us vius bl oDrO; esa

fdl dky&[kaM rd laLd`fr dks lesVus dh dksf'k'k dh gS\ ;k fiQj dky dh Hkkjrh;

vo/kj.kk] ftlesa dky caVk gqvk ugha Fkk] mls gh vk/kj cuk;k gSA ,d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ

iz'u dh vksj eSa vki lHkh dk è;ku vkdf"kZr djuk pkgrk gwa& bl vkè;kfRed]

vareqZ[k nk'kZfud /kfeZd laLd`fr ls ,d yEcs dky&[kaM esa mits varfoZjks/ksa ij geus

xEHkhjrk ls dHkh lkspk ugha ;k fiQj ge pwd x;s gSa\ ge ftu varfoZjks/ksa dh ckr dj

jgs gSa mUgs 19 oha 'krkCnh ls gekjs /eZxq#vksa us] fopkjdksa us] lekt lq/kjdksa us mBk;k

Hkh gSA njvly bUgsa varfoZjks/ dguk xyr gksxk& ;s gekjh lkekftd cqjkb;ka gSaA bu

cqjkb;ksa us viuh tM+s tek yh gS- ge vkt Hkh buls xzLr gSaA vktknh ds igys budk ,d

:i Fkk vc buds vusd egÙoiw.kZ dkj.k eSa gekjh lakLd`frd vfHkO;fDr dks ekurk gwa


D;ksafd mlus thou dks vuns[kk fd;k gSA

bl vkè;kfRed vareqZ[k nk'kZfud& /kfeZd laLd`fr us&

(1) o.kZ O;oLFkk dks tUe fn;k

(2) efgykvksa dks fiNM+k j[kus dh vuxZy lkft'k jph

(3) tkfr O;oLFkk dks cjdjkj j[kus dk dkjksckj fd;k

(4) blh izo`fÙk ds pyrs ge ,d gtkj o"kksZa ls xqyke jgs gSa (MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k)-

MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k us fy[kk gS& 'kadjkpk;Z us ;g dgdj fd lp ds nks :i

gksrs gSa& ,d nqfu;kbZ :i] vfgr :i] ykSfdd :i vkSj nwljk ikjykSfdd :i& bu nks

fgLlksa esa fnekx dks fcYdqy Bksl cukdj j[k fn;k fd ;g rqEgkjk lxq.k fgLlk vkSj ;g

fuxqZ.k fgLlkA ;ghs ls Lo;a dks /kss[kk nsus dk flyflyk 'kq: gqvkA /ks[kk og nwljksa dks

bruk ugha nsrk] ftruk [kqn dks nsrk gSA

HkfDr vaknksyu us t:j blls gesa] gekjs lekt dks ckgj fudkyus dk iz;Ru fd;kA

ftuesa nf{k.k esa vDdk egknsoh] vaMky] mÙkj esa dchj] if'pe esa ehjk vkSj eè; esa rks

19&20oha 'krkCnh rd lar dfo;ksa us vkokt mBk;h Fkh- ysfdu os lHkh dfo Fks vkSj

'kadjkpk;Z ds f[kykiQ yM+ jgs Fks-

blh laLd`fr us 'kadjkpk;Z dks cy fn;kA jktkvksa us] tehankjksa us] laLd`r ds fo}kuksa

us] /eZ xq:vksa us vkSj {kf=k;ksa us bls ekU;rk nhA blds fy, viuk jkT; vkSj dqckZfu;ak

nhA blh laLd`fr us vius gh ns'k ds yksxksa dks xqyke cuk;k& vè;kRe ds mPpre vkn'kZ

ds uke ijA

bl Hkkjr Hkwfe esa irk ugha dgak&dgak ls yksx vk;s- bl Hkwfe dks nso Hkwfe dgk

x;kA yksx ;gha cl x;s- fdlh dks fdlh ls Hk; ugha yxrk FkkA dgk tkrk gS yksxksa us

;gak d`f"k dks u;k vk;ke fn;k- ufn;ksa ds fdukjs laLd`fr;ksa dk tUe gqvkA ;gk¡ ds

vkfnoklh& ty] taxy] tehu ds ekfyd ,d Lora=kpsrk ljy vkSj euq";ksa esa fo'okl

djus okys yksx Fks& vkt Hkh gSA ,d lkFk jgus dh mUgksaus izhr fuHkk;h FkhA ;g

flyflyk vjls rd pyrk jgkA

dbZ /eksZa ds /ekZoyEch vk;s& 'kkL=kkFkZ djrs Fks& cl x;sA ;gak dh izkd`fr mUgsa

Hkk x;hA ;gak ds yksx] ;gak dh fL=k;ka] ;gak dk ikuh lc dqN vPNk yxrk FkkA blh


vkè;kfRed lksp] vkpj.k vkSj Ír ds lkFk jgus dh izo`fÙk us gh mudk eu thr fy;k

FkkA /eZ Hkys gh vyx ekurs jgs gksaA mUgsa lkFk esa jguk xaokjk FkkA mldk 'kk;n ,d cM+k

dkj.k ;g Fkk fd gekjs ;gak /eZ u fdlh iqLrd ij vk/kfjr Fkk u mlds dksbZ fu;e Fks

u mldh dksbZ cafn'k FkhA gj O;fDr dk viuk /eZ FkkA iq#"k gksus dk viuk /eZ FkkA L=kh

gksus dk viuk /eZ FkkA jktk gksus dk viuk /eZ FkkA O;kikjh dk viuk /eZ blh /eZ ls

vkpj.k ca/k gqvk FkkA blh /eZ ls larfr Fkh& blh ls [kq'kgkyh FkhA

fiQj vkl&ikl ds yqVsjs vk;s- mUgksaus ywVuk pkgk&ywVdj ys x;s- fiQj eqxy]

vk;s&;gha cl x;s- jktk cu x;s- eqxy lYrur dk;e gqbZ- lezkV cus- /hjs&/hjs ;gak

dh vkcksgok esa tTc gks x;s- bLyke dks izfrf"Br fd;k x;k- nhu&,&bykgh dh ckr

pyhA

fiQj vaxzst vk;s- mUgksaus gesa xqyke cuk;kA xqykeksa esa eqxy Hkh 'kfey Fks vkSj vc

rd ftUgsa ,d izpfyr uke fey x;k Fkk os fganw Hkh Fks&nksuksa jktkvksa dks vaxzstksa us xqyke

cuk fn;k FkkA vc rd eqxyksa dks lkFk jgus dk& lgvfLrRo] dksbZ [krjk utj ugha

vk;k FkkA vktknh dh yM+kbZ us tSls&tSls tksj idM+k & xak/h th tSls&tSls etcwr gksrs

x;s&Lora=krk dh yM+kbZ esa tSls&tSls turk 'kkfey gksrh x;h] vaxzstksa dks le> esa vkus

yxk vc bUgsa vktkn djuk iM+sxkA Bhd blh fcanq ij vYykek bdcky tSlk cM+k 'kk;j

ftlus ̂ lkjs tgak ls vPNk gfanqLrka gekjk* tSlk xhr fy[kk& eqlyekuksa ds gd dh ckr

djus yxkA vyx ikfdLrku dh eakx djus yxkA mUgsa 'kk;n lgvfLrRo dk [krjk utj

vk jgk FkkA ge bls Hkh lakLd`frd vfHkO;fDr ds iz'u ls tksM+uk pkg jgs gSaA Hkys gh ;g

jktuSfrd elyk gks & bldh tM+sa lakLd`frd gSaA

jktusrk fpard MkW jkeeuksgj yksfg;k us 1953 esa 'kk;n fdlh O;k[;ku esa dgk

Fkk&^nqfu;k esa lcls vf/d mnkl gSa fganqLrkuh yksx*A os mnkl gSa D;ksafd os gh lcls

T;knk xjhc vkSj chekj Hkh gSaA ijarq mruk gh cM+k ,d vkSj dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd mudh

izd`fr esa ,d fofHkUu >qdko vk x;k gS- [kkldj ds muds b/j ds bfrgkldky esa ckr

rks fufyZIrrk ds n'kZu dh djrs gSa tks rdZ esa vkSj fo'ks"kr% varn`Zf"V esa fueZy gS] ij

O;ogkj esa os Hkn~ns s ;dhu gS tkfr vkSj vkSjr ds nksuksa dV?kjs eq[;r%

ftEesnkj gSaA* Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dh bl Nfo dks dksbZ vfHkO;fDr vkt ugha feyhA


ge MkW- fofy;e vkpZj dh vkykspuk dk leFkZu ugha dj jgs gSa cfYd vius le;

esa] viuh gh laLd`fr dks] viuh vko';drk ds cjDl j[kuk pkg jgs gSa ;kuh vkRe

ijh{k.k djuk pkg jgs gSaA

egf"kZ vjfoan us viuh iqLrd ^Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds vk/kj* esa Jh vkpZj dh

vkykspuk dks bu 'kCnksa esa fy[kk gS& ^^mlus Hkkjr ds lEiw.kZ thou ,oa laLd`fr ij

vkØe.k fd;k Fkk- ;gka rd fd egku ls egku izkfIr;ksa] n'kZu] /eZ] dkO;] fp=kdyk]

ewfrZdyk] mifu"kn] jkek;.k] egkHkkjr vkfn lcdks ,d lkFk ,d gh dksfV esa j[kdj

lcds ckjs esa dg Mkyk fd ;s vo.kZuh; ccZjrk dk ?k`.kkLin Lrwi gS-**

ftu miyfC/;ksa dks feLVj vkpZj us fu'kkuk cuk;k gS ge mu lkjh miyfC/;ksa dkss

viuh fojklr ekurs gSa] mlls ckcLrk gSaA mu egku jpukvksa ds fo'ks"kKksa dh O;k[;kvksa

dk izfrlkn djrs gSaA ftruk geus tkuk gS& ik gS] mls vius thou esa mrkjus

dk iz;Ru fd;k gS- ge ftl iz'u dh vksj b'kkjk djuk pkg jgs gSa] og ;g gS fd

tuekul dks mls ius dh laf/ gh ugha feyhA T;knkrj xzaFk laLd`r esa

fy[ks x;s gS vkSj laLd`r gesa i

pkfg,- mlds fy, nw/] vUu dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A mlds LokLF;] mldh f'k{kk]

jkstxkj] ifjokj] lkekftd thou mlds ckn mldk lkSan;Zcks/ vkSj ,d Hkyh&lh e`R;q

Hkh mldh vko';drk dk ,d fgLlk gS& fliZQ vè;kRe gh thus dh 'krZ ugha gSA

esjs fy, vè;kRe dksbZ fuxZq.k ;k vn`'; iQyliQk ugha gS cfYd lxq.k Bksl vkSj

thoar vuqHko gSA tc eSa o`{k dks] ikS/ksa dks Nwrk gwa rks mldh ifÙk;ka] iwQy&iQy eqLdjkrs

gS- mls lwjt Hkh ns[krk gS] gok Hkh ns[krh gS] i`Foh Hkh ns[krh gSA mu lcds lkFk eSa

mudk gks tkrk gwaA esjh ftEesnkfj;ka cuk pkgrk gwa muds vfLrRo dks tkuuk pkgrk

gwaA bl i`Foh ij muds gksus dks js[kakfdr djuk pkgrk gwaA muds lkFk vius lEca/ dks

,d vk/kj nsuk pkgrk gwaA muds lkFk vius fj'rs dks dk;e j[kuk pkgrk gwaA lc dqN

/jk'kk;h gks tkrk gS tc dksbZ o`{k dks] taxy dks dkVrk gSA

tc eSa fdlh jkg pyrs vkneh ls ckr djrk gwa rks eq>s mlds lius fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA

mlds 'kCnksa esa ,d NksVk & lk ?kj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mldh nsg esa ,d y; vkSj rky

fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA nks dne mlds lkFk pyuk eq>s ÅtkZ iznku djrk gSA mldh vak[ksa Lo;a

dks

esjs fy, lg&vfLrRo Hkh vè;kRe gSA dksbZ Hkh Hkw[kk u jgs ;g fpark Hkh

vkè;kfRed fpark gSA mlds fy, jkstxkj dh fpark Hkh mlh dk ,d fgLlk gS- esjs fy,

vè;kRe esjk ;FkkFkZ gS vkSj bldh vfHkO;fDr Hkh Bksl] lxq.k] ikjn'khZ vkSj thou ds

fy, pkfg,A ;g thou ds fy, vfuok;Z Hkh gS vkSj bldk dksbZ i;kZ; ugha gS\

vc rd ;g esjh le> esa ugha vk;k fd vkè;kfRed] vareqZ[k nk'kZfud& /kfeZd

laLd`fr ftlus o"kksZa rd nqfu;k esa jkt fd;k] ftl ns'k dks vkè;kfRed xq# dh laKk nh

x;h og tula[;k o`f¼ dks jksdus esa vliQy D;ksa jgk] vlgt ikfjokfjd lEca/ gh

'kk;n mldh tM+ gks ldrh gS] vKkurk Hkh ,d dkj.k gks ldrk gSA

D;k dyk,a laLd`fr dh vfHkHkkod gks ldrh gSa\ eq>s rks dykdkjksa dk thou ls

gh dksbZ fj'rk utj ugha vkrkA ;g eSa mudh ckr dj jgk gwa tks IykfLVd vkVZ ls tqM+s gSaA

yksddyk] yksd ukV~; vkSj yksd u`R; vkfn geus u"V gh dj fn;s gSaA 'kkL=kh; vkSj

yksd dk varj csekuh gS& /ks[kk gSA ge mls gh /kjnkj fd;s tk jgs gSaA ,d yEcs vlsZ ls

fp=kdyk dk viuk dksbZ Loj ugha mHkjkA

laxhr dks rks f'k{kk gh [kk x;hA dksbZ vius cPpksa dks laxhr fl[kkuk ugha pkgrkA

mlesa iSlk ugha gS&'kksgjr ugha gSrck ugha gSA mldh nks;e ntsZ dh Hkwfedk gSA mPNs

fl[kkus okys ugha feyrsA ogka Hkh 'kkL=kh; vkSj yksd dh iQakd iM+h gqbZ gSA cM+s xk;d

le; ds lkFk tqM+uk ugha pkgrsA os le; dks ges'kk ekr nsrs jguk pkgrs gSaA os ;g Hkwy

tkrs gSa fd ;g dHkh&dHkh gh lEHko gSA

'kkL=kh; laxhr esa jkxksa dh cafn'k dk utkjk gSA og cgqr fujk'kktud Hkh gSA

tehankjksa] uokcksa ds laj{k.k ls gh laxhr cpk jgkA vc oSlk dqN ugha gSA yksd laxhr dks

geus u"V fd;k gSA vc taxy u"V gks x;s gSa&ekSle ls gekjs dksbZ fj'rk ugha jgkA ge

izse ugha djrs& izse dk [;ky gh gesa Hkkrk gSA vU; dykvksa dks ysdj ge fIkQygky

ckr ugha djuk pkgrsA

,d ifjokj] ,d leqnk;] ,d tkfr] ,d Hkk"kk ds yksxksa ds fy, ;g 'kk;n

lqfo/ktud gks ldrk gS fd os muesa lq/kj yk;s- ysfdu tc ge lekt] ns'k vkSj jk"Vª

esa rCnhy gks x;s rc laLd`fr ds ljksdkj] mldh Hkwfedk dqN vyx gks tkrh gS vkSj

gekjk viuk ns'k fofHkUu&tkfr;ksa] leqnk;ksa] Hkk"kk {ks=kksa vkSj vc rks dbZ oxksZa esa caV

x;k& bl leL;k dks dqN vyx utfj;s ls gh ns[kuk&le>uk gksxkA


,d jktHkk"kk dks ge Lohdkj ugha dj ik;s] foKku vkSj rduhd ds {ks=k esa gekjh

viuh Hkk"kkvksa us dksbZ jkLrk ugha [kkstk] vaxzsth ij gh vkfJr gks x;s gSa] vc xf.kr]

foKku] lHkh dh i

vk;qosZn foKku ds {ks=k esa lqJqr rFkk pjd ds lkFk rhljk loksZifj LFkku okXHkV dk ð gSA lqJqr vkSj pjd dh Hkakfr okXHkV ðds fo"k; esa O;fDrxr fooj.k dk Hkh vHkko gSA

okXHkVvius fo"k; esa ð us viuh iqLrd esa ,d 'yksd fn;k gS ftldk HkkokFkZ gS&^esjs okXHkVfirkeg ftudh uke jkf'k eSa gw¡ izfl¼ fpfdRld ð Fks] muds iq=k flagxqIr Fks

okXHkVftudk iq=k eSa Lo;a ð gw¡A ̂ esjk tUe flU/ ds yksxksa ds chp gqvk Fkk*A buds xq: dk

uke voyksfdrk FkkA

buds dk;Zdky ds fo"k; esa Hkh erHksn gSA buds uke ls nks d`fr;ka fo[;kr

gaS&v"Vakx laxzg rFkk v"Vkax g`n; lafgrkA ;g Hkh lafnX/ gS fd nksuksa iqLrdas ,d gh

O;fDr us fy[kh gSa vFkok nks fHkUu&fHkUu O;fD;ksa us bu iqLrdksa ij fy[kh xbZ Vhdkvksa

dk ys[kd ,d gh gS vkSj mudk dk;Zdky yxHkx NBoha 'krkCnh FkkA dgk tkrk gS fd

bUgksaus igys v"Vkax Lakxzg fy[kk ysfdu ;g ,d c`gr xzUFk gksus ds dkj.k dfBu tku

iM+k vr% mUgkssaus bls laf{kIr dj nwljh iqLrd fy[kh] D;ksafd nksuksa iqLrdksa dh fo"k;

oLrq yxHkx ,d tSlh gh gSA

;s iqLrdsa vfr gh vR;Ur yksd fiz; gSaA fo'ks"k :i ls nf{k.k Hkkjr esa budh ekU;rk

vf/d gSA v"Vkax laxzg esa 150 vè;k; gSa ftUgsa 6 Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gSA bu 6 Hkkxksa ds

uke gSa& lw=k LFkku] funku LFkku] 'kjhj LFkku] fpfdRlk LFkku] dYi LFkku rFkk mÙkj

LFkkuA lw=k LFkku esa vk;qosZn dk vk/kj LokLF;] jksx ls cpko] lgh thou ppkZ vkfn

dk o.kZu gSA funku LFkku esa jksx dh igpku djus dh fof/;k¡] 'kjhj LFkku esa 'kjhj

foKku (Anatomy)] eq[kkd`fr foKku (Physiogonomy) rFkk tUrq&ouLifr

foKku (Biology) ij ifjp; fn;k x;k gSA fpfdRlk LFkku esa bykt ds fy, fofHkUu

vkS"kf/;ksa dk iz;ksx crk;k x;k gSA dYi LFkku esa vks"kf/;ksa dks rS;kj djus dh fof/;k¡

tcfd mÙkj LFkku esa cky fpfdRlk] fnekxh fcekfj;ksa dh fpfdRlk] tgj [kqjkuh rFkk

c`¼koLFkk ds jksxksa dh tkudkjh nh xbZ gSA

okXHkV ð ds vuqlkj 'kjhj ds fofHkUu fodkjksa dks 8 Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk

ldrk gSA blh dkj.k mUgksaus viuh iqLrd dks v"Vkax Lakxzg dk uke fn;k gSA mUgksaus bu

Mk0 ,e-ih- xqIrk

okXHkV ð


8 Hkkxksa dks ,d 'yksd esa bl rjg o.kZu fd;k gS&

^^dk;Z oky x`gksgokax 'kY; nzao'k t'k o`"kkuA

v"Voaxfu rL;kgq fpfdRlk;s"kq lfJrkAA**

;s Hkkx bl izdkj gSa&

(1) dk;k fpfdRlk (Internal Diseases) & cq[kkj] [kkalh] tqdke vkfn

(2) cky fpfdRlk (Pediatrics)& xHkZorh efgykvksa rFkk ckydksa ds jksx

(3) xzg fpfdRlk (Mental )&ikxyiu] fejxh vkfn jksx

(4) mèofx fpfdRlk &ukd] dku] xyk rFkk blds mijh Hkkxksa ds jksx

(5) 'kY; fpfdRlk (Surgery) &phj&iQkM+ rFkk izR;kjksi.k lEcU/h jksx

(6) nz"Vk fpfdRlk (Toxi cology)&fo"k ls gksus okys jksx

(7) tjk fpfdRlk (Geretries)&o`¼k oLFkk es gksus okys jksx

(8) o`nku fpfdRlk&euksoSKkfud mipkj

okLro esa ;g lqJqr rFkk pjd dh fHkUu&fHkUu fpfdRlk 'kSfy;ksa esa ,d leUo;

LFkkfir fd;k gSA lqJqr tgk¡ 'kY; fpfdRlk esa izoh.k Fks ogha pjd ewyr% Physician

FksA okxHkV ðus bu nksuksa fo/kvksa dks feykdj lEiw.kZ dj fn;k A lp rks ;g gS fd mUgksaus

nksuksa gh {ks=kksa esa izxfr dk ekxZ iz'kLr fd;kA mnkgj.k ds fy, lqJqr }kjk 'kY; fpfdRlk

dks vkSj vf/d foLrkj nsrs gq, mUgksaus IykfLVd ltZjh esa u;s vk;ke LFkkfir dj {ks=kksa

es vHkwriwoZ dk;Z fd;kA blh izdkj pjd }kjk jksxksa ds rhu ewy Hkwr dkjdksa okr fir

rFkk diQ&ds fo"k; esa vf/d foLr`r tkudjh nhA bl ds vfrfjDr tgk¡ lqJqr rFkk

pjd }kjk jksxksa dh fpfdRlk esa vkè;kfRedrk dks egRo fn;k x;k gS] ogha okxHkV ð us

budks 'kkjhfjd :i esa ysdj fpfdRlk dks egRo fn;k gSA

phuh i;ZVd bfYlax] tks lu~ 672 ls lu~ 680 rd Hkkjr esa jgk] iz"Vkax ân;

lafgrk ds fo"k; es fy[krk gS ̂ ^iwjs Hkkjr esa cls gq, fpfdRld blh iqLrd ds vk/kj

ij fpfdRlk djrs gaSA tks fpfdRld blesa ikjaxr gS mUgsa vkthodk dh fpark ugha

jgrh**


thou ds ckjs esa ,d jkspd ckr ;g gS fd vkidks fdlh pht dk egÙo dsoy

rHkh eglwl gksrk gS tc og pht vkids thou dks NksM+dj tkus yxrh gSA tc esjs cky

dkys ls mtys dkys vkSj varr% iwjh rjg mtys gks x;s] rc eSaus ;qokoLFkk ds mRlkg

vkSj jkseakp dks eglwl djuk 'kq: fd;kA mlh le; eSaus thou esa feys dqN lcd dk

lgh vFkksZa esa dnz djuk lh[kkA esjs thou ds dqN lcd gSa tks eSa ;gka] vki lHkh ls ;g

lkspdj lk>k dj jgk gwa fd ;s vkids fy, Hkh mrus gh mi;ksxh lkfcr gksaxs] ftrus esjs

fy, FksA

;g igyk fopkj Fkk] tks esjs eu esa rc vk;k] tc pkj n'kd ls Hkh T;knk igys

eSaus veyusj fLFkr foizks dh iQSDVjh esa dne j[kk FkkA eSa 21 lky dk Fkk vkSj fiNys

dqN o"kZ dSfyiQksfuZ;k LVksuiQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh Ldwy esa fcrk pqdk FkkA dbZ yksxksa us eq>s

lykg nh fd gkbMªkstsusVsM vk;y O;olk; pykus dh pqukSfr;ksa dks Lohdkj djus ds

ctk; ,d vPNh vkSj vkjkenk;d ukSdjh Tokbu djuk csgrj gksxkA ihNs eqM+dj ns[kus

ij eq>s [kq'kh gksrh gS fd eSaus ekspkZ lEHkkyus dk iQSlyk fd;kA

eSaus ;g lh[kk gS fd ,d #i;k dekus dk egÙo eqÝr esa feys iakp #i;k ls

T;knk gSA ge tc baVjO;w ysrs oDr yksxksa ls mudh lcls ;knxkj miyfC/;ksa ds ckjs esa

iwNrs gSa] rks vkerkSj ij os mUgha miyfC/;ksa dk ftØ djrs gSa] ftUgsa gkfly djus ds

fy, mUgsa lcls T;knk iz;kl djus iM+sA eSaus [kqn ds thou esa ;gh ik;k gS fd dksbZ Hkh

pht mruh larqf"V ugha nsrh ftruh os miyfC/;ka ftUgsa vkius [kqn gkfly fd;k gSA

vxyk lcd tks eSaus lh[kk gS] og ;g gS fd gj ckj dksbZ f[kykM+h 'krd ugha cuk

ldrkA thou esa dbZ pqukSfr;ksa ls gkjrs gSa vkSj dqN ls thrrs gSaA vkidks thr dk t'u

t:j eukuk pkfg,] ysfdu bls vius fnekx ij gkoh ugha gksus nsuk pkfg,A ftl {k.k

liQyrk vki ij gkoh gks tkrh gS] vki vliQyrk ds jkLrs ij vxzlj gks tkrs gSaA vxj

vkidks vliQyrkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA rks bls lgt

fouezrk egÙoiw.kZ gS] vgadkj vkSj vkRefo'okl ds chp iQdZ dh js[kk cgqr

iryh gksrh gSA vkRefo'oklh O;fDr ges'kk lh[kus ds fy, mRlqd jgrs gSaA ogha nwljh

vksj vgadkj dh otg ls lh[kus dh izfØ;k #d tkrh gSA ;g vliQyrk dh vksj igyk

dne gSA

;g vo'; ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd Hkys gh ge fdlh Hkh dke dks fdruh Hkh vPNh

rjg djsa] mls djus dk ges'kk ,d vkSj csgrj rjhdk gks ldrk gSA Js"Brk eafty ugha

gSa] cfYd ,d ;k=kk gSA

nks yksxksa ds chp vkSj liQyrk o vliQyrk ds lanHkZ esa erHksnksa dk ,d lalkj

gksrk gSA erHksn ;g gS fd izR;qÙkj nsus vkSj izfrfØ;k O;Dr djus ds chp esa fnekx vkrk

gSA tc ge izR;qÙkj nsrs gSa] rc 'kakr fnekx ds lkFk ewY;kadu djrs gSa vkSj ogh djrs gSa

tks lcls T;knk mi;qDr gksrk gSA ge viuk dke iwjs fu;a=k.k ds lkFk djrs gSaA tc ge

izfrfØ;k O;Dr djrs gSa] rc ge ogh djrs gSa] tks nwljk 'k[l gels djkuk pkgrk gSA

tc vki ;qok gksrs gSa] rc LokLF; dks fo'ks"k egRo ugha nsrsA ysfdu tc vki

vius dke ds 20 xquk 7 'ksM~;wYl esa izos'k djrs] rc ;g cgqr vko';d gksrk gS fd

vki le; ds ncko esa fc[kjs ughaA ;g lp gS fd oSf'od lekt esa ruko c

Hkkjrh; laLd`fr esa lkr iQsjs ;k lIrinh fookg laLdkj dk vk/kj gS ftlds

fcuk fookg deZ viw.kZ gSA fdarq lIrinh esa mi;ksx gksus okys fof/&fo/ku ,oa 'kCn

iqjkru gSaA fiNys dqN n'kdksa esa Hkkjrh; lekt esa xgu ifjorZu gq, gSa vkSj 'krkfCn;ksa ds

ckn fL=k;ksa dks mudh {kerk vuqlkj lEeku nsus dh vkSj muds 'kks"k.k dks lekIr djus

dh vkokt cqyan gqbZ gSA ml u;h i`"VHkwfe ij fookg laLdkj dh i¼fr esa ifjorZu

vko';d gS tks iq:"k vkSj L=kh dks leku Lrj ij ykus esa lgk;d gksxkA

lIrinh ls igys oj&o/w vkSj lacaf/;ksa dks mu fopkjksa ,oa n'kZu ls ifjp;

vko';d gS tks Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk vk/kj gS ,oa oSKkfud dlkSVh ij Hkh [kM+s mrjrs

gSaA

pØ] ef"r"d ,oa psruk & lkr iQsjs psruk ds lkr Lrjksa] lkr pØksa ,oa lkr ef"r"dksa

lss lacaf/r gSaA NBsa vFkkZr~ vkKk pØ ij L=k;k¡ fcanh vkSj iq:"k fryd yxkrs gS tks mudks

;g ;kn fnykrk gS fd tho dk mís'; vkè;kfRed psruk ds mPp Lrjksa dh vksj iz;k.k

gSA eakx esa flanwj vkSj iq:"kksa esa pksVh NBos ls lkrosa pØ dk iFk gS ftl ij psruk bZ'oj

esa foyhu gksuk 'kq# gks tkrh gSa

vFkZ] dke] /eZ] eks{k & vFkZ] dke] /eZ ,oa eks{k iw.kZ thou ds pkj LrEHk gaSA muesa ls

igyk vFkZ gS tks laaklfjd le`f¼ dk vk/kj gSA dke] vU; bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ gSA rhljk

LrEHk /eZ fofHkUk Lrjksa ij dÙkZO; ikyu gS vkSj vfUre eks{k lalkj ds pØ ls eqfÙkQ gS

ftlesa vU; rhu foyhu gks tkrs gSaA

thou ds pkj LrEHkksa ds vykok pkj vkJe Hkh gSa tks czÞep;Z] x`gLFk] okuizLFk

,oa lU;kl gSaA czÞep;Z vkJe f'k{kk ds fy,] x`gLFk ifjokj ds fy,] okuizLFk lekt

lsok ,oa vkè;kfRed iFk ij vxzlj gksus ds fy, vkSj lU;kl eks{k rFkk e`R;q dks

Lohdkj djus ds fy, gSA

bl vk/kjHkwr ifjp; ds ckn lIrinh dk vkjEHk gksxk tks oj&o/q nksuksa ds fy,

leku gSaA

vk/qfud lanHkZ ds lkr iQsjsMk0 iznhi dqekj


izFke in & ewyk/kj pØ vFkkZr~ vFkZin

l ge nksuksa vius iz;Ruksa ls /u vftZr djsaxs vkSj vxj geesa ls dksbZ Hkh jksx ;k

csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k /uksiktZu esa vleFkZ gS rks mlls gekjs izsee; laca/ksa esa varj

ugha iM+sxkA

l ge /uksiktZu xjhcksa vkSj vlgk;ksa ds 'kks"k.k ;k Hkz"V rjhdksa ls ugha djsaxsA

l ge vius /u dk ,d fgLlk xjhcksa ,oa vlgk;ksa dh enn esa O;; djsaxsA

nwljk in & Lokf/"Bku pØ vFkkZr~ dke in

l ge yksxksa ds nSfgd laca/ LoLFk ,oa izsee; gksxsa rkfd cÞexzfUFk dh xakB [kqy lds

vkSj vkuan izkfIr gksA fdarq ge viuh dke bPNk dks ,d nwljs ds Åij Fkksisaxs ughaA

l ;fn ge nksuksa iw.kZ #i ls lger gksaxs rHkh ifjokj esa cPpksa dk tUe gksxk rkfd xHkZ

ds nkSjku vkSj tUe ds ckn cPpksa dks eerke; lqjf{kr okrkoj.k fey lds vkSj

mudh 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ gks ldsA

l uSfrdrk dh lhekvksa esa jgdj ge viuh vU; bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ djsaxs rkfd vU;ksa

dks nq%[k ;k gkfu u gksA

rhljk in efuiwjk pØ & vkdka{kk in

l ge ,d nwljs dks vius&vius iFk ij O;fÙkQxr vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq pyus ds

fy, izsfjr djsaxsa rkfd gekjs O;fÙkQRo dks iw.kZrk feys vkSj ge viuh vakrfjd

izd`fr ds vuqlkj LoLFk thou O;rhr dj ldsaA

l vius iFk ij vxzlj gksus ds fy, ge ,d nwljs dks viuh bPNkvksa dk ekè;e ugha

cuk,axs D;ksafd varr% gekjk è;ss; vkdak{kvksa dh iwfrZ ds ekè;e ls d#.kk dk mn;

gksxkA

pkSFkk in & vUur pØ vFkkZr Hkkouk in

l ge ,d nwljs ds izfr vius izse vkSj vU; Hkkoukvksa dks izdV djrs jgsaxs rkfd

gekjs laca/ ikjn'khZ ,oa ljy cus jgsaA

l ge vius vrhr nq[k vkSj ihM+k dks O;ÙkQ djsaxs tks gesa HkkoukRed vkSj ekufld

#i ls LoLFk gksus esa lgk;d gksxkA


l HkkoukRed laca/ksa dh izxk

lHkh tho [kkldj euq"; [kq'kh pkgrk gS vkSj nq[k&nnZ ls nwj jguk pkgrk gS vkSj

blfy, gesa ;g iwjk vf/dkj gS fd nq[k nwj djus ds mik;ksa dks viukdj thou dks

lq[kh cuk,a] ;|fi ,slk ugha gksuk pkfg, fd ;s mik; nwljksa ds vf/dkj ds jkLrs esa vkM+s

vk,a vkSj u gh buds dkj.k nwljksa ds vPNs rFkk cqjs izHkkoksa ij vPNh rjg ls

lksp&fopkj dj bl ckr dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd FkksM+sa rFkk yacs le; ds vlj esa

varj gSA ;fn bu nksuksa esa dksbZ fojks/ gks rks yacs le; dk vlj vf/d egÙoiw.kZ gS A

gekjs vuqHko rFkk Hkkouk,a eq[; :i ls gekjs 'kjhj rFkk eu ij fuHkZj gksrh gSaA

viuh jkstejkZ ftanxh ds vuqHko ds vk/kj ij ge ;g tkurs gSa fd eu dh [kq'kh

ykHknk;h gksrh gS A mnkgj.k ds fy, gkykafd nks vyx&vyx vkneh ,d gh rjg ds

nq[k dks >syrs gSa] ijarq muesa ls ,d vius eu dh 'kfDr dh otg ls ml nq[k dk lkeuk

vkSj vklkuh ls dj ldrk gS A

esjk ;g fo'okl gS fd ;fn dksbZ lq[kh thou pkgrk gS rks vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh nksuksa

dh vksj nwljs 'kCnksa esa HkkSfrd vkSj ekufld fodkl dh vksj è;ku nsuk vko';d gS A

ge vkè;kfRed fodkl dh Hkh ckr dj ldrs gSa] ijarq tc eSa vkfRed dgrk gwa rks esjk

eryc fdlh [kkl /eZ ls ugha gS A tc eSa vkfRed 'kCn dh ckr djrk gwa rks esjk eryc

euq"; ds ewy vPNs xq.kksa ls gS A ;s xq.k gSa& nwljksa ds izfr izse] fdlh dke ds izfr yxu]

bZekunkjh] vuq'kklu vkSj ,d vPNh Hkkouk A geesa ;s xq.k tUetkr gSaA ;s lc gekjs

thou esa ckn esa ugha vkrs A /eZ ds izfr

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