gy³v‡š^lv€¦ · cwÎKv MÖvn ‡Ki Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv n‡e| gy³v‡š^lv GKwU wk¶v-hyw³-weÁvb welqK lvb¥vwmK cÖKvkbv Gi MÖvnK †nvb, wbqwgZ co–b eQ‡ii †h †Kvb

wØZxq el© : cÖ_g msL¨v : RyjvB 2008

gy³v‡š^lv

316 wek¦we`¨vjq gv‡K©U (†`vZjv)KuvUveb, XvKv-1000

†dvb: 0666 8640471, 01716 015270, 0155 6327757

m~wPcÎ

cvV‡Ki cvZv 05m¤úv`Kxq 08

gnvwe‡k¦i KvVv‡gv: cÖvPx‡biv †hfv‡e †`‡LwQ‡jb wm×v_© ksKi †RvqvÏv©i 10R½x‡ì †evgv nvgjv Avi fveg~wZ©i †lvjKjv AwfwRr ivq 16

AvZ¥NvZx Kzms¯‹vi cÖ`xe †è 24 hyw³ev` Abš— weRq `vk 27

eyw×`xß bKkv: hy³iv‡óª m„wóZ‡Ë¡i weeZ©b AwfwRr ivq I eb¨v Avn‡g` 31AvaywbK wk¶vi `vwqZ¡ I `vqe×Zv gvIjvbv †nv‡mb Avjx 45

wk¶vi mydj A¶q Kzgvi `Ë 54weKí cÖZ¨qbvgv-Avb›`gq Ges m„Rbkxj Rxe‡bi `k©b cj KvR© 57

Kíbv PvKgv GLb †Kv_vq? wece ingvb 60Avgv‡ì msMÖvg Pj‡eB...hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi PvB AwfwRr ivq 63

kª×vÄwj K.¯^vaxbZv hvi †PZbvq wQj k¼i ivq 65

L. wkebvivqY ivq-GK Abb¨ wPš—vwe` wbZ¨vb›` †Nvl 69wPwV I KweZv Zmwjgv bvmwib 71

fv‡jvjvMv g›`jvMv... 73cy¯—‡Ki RM‡Z... 79

MÖvn‡Ki bvg (evsjv):..................................................................................MÖvn‡Ki bvg (Bs‡iwR):................................................................................GK eQ‡ii/`y eQ‡ii Rb¨..................UvKv bM`/e¨vsK WªvdU/†c AW©vi/gvwb AW©vi †hv‡M cvVv‡bv nj|

GK eQi:mWvK UvKv 100.00 (`ywU msL ¨v)`y eQi: mWvK UvKv 200.00 ( PviwU msL ¨v)

Ky¨wiqvi mvwf©‡mi AvIZvq MÖvnK‡ì Kz¨wiqv‡i I Ab¨Î †iwRw÷ª‡hv‡McwÎKv MÖvn‡Ki Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv n‡e|

gy³v‡š^lv GKwU wk¶v-hyw³-weÁvb welqK lvb¥vwmK cÖKvkbvGi MÖvnK †nvb, wbqwgZ co–b

eQ‡ii †h †Kvb mgq n‡Z evrmwiK I wØevrmwiK MÖvnK nIqv hvq

bM`/e¨vsK WªvdU/†c AW©vi/gvwb AW©vi †hv‡M wb‡Pi wVKvbvq UvKv cvVv‡Z cv‡ib:mvBdzi ingvb Zcb

mvaviY m¤úv`K, wk¶v Av‡›`vjb gÂ (mn-m¤úv`K, gy³v‡š^lv)

316 wek¦we`¨vjq gv‡K©U (†`vZjv), KuvUveb, XvKv-1000†dvb: 0666 8640471, 01716 015270, 0155 6327757

G c„ôvq Avgiv cvV‡Ki `yÕGKwU wPwV Qvc‡ev| gy³v‡š^lv‡K wb‡q Avgiv †ek KwU wPwV †c‡qwQ| Gi g‡a¨ Avgiv `yÕGKwU wPwVi wKQz Ask QvcwQ GLv‡b| cÖ_g wPwVwU wj‡L‡Qb Kzwóqv †_‡K evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡Mi mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK W. ingvb nvwee| wZwb gy³v‡š^lvi 1g msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ `x¶K `ªvweo iwPZ ÔÔ gvby‡li cqM¤î n‡q IVvi myjyK mÜvbÕÕ cÖeÜwUi Ici wKQz Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| `ªvwe‡oi GKwU Dw³i D×„wZ w`‡q, †hLv‡b †jLK e‡j‡Qb †h Avw`Kv‡j ¶gZvai mgªvUiv wb‡R‡ì Ck¦i ev Ck¦‡ii cyÎ e‡j `vwe Ki‡Zb, W. nvwee Av‡jvPbvwU ïi“ K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e tÔÔ GwU Avm‡j ¶gZvi `vcU †evSv‡bvi A‡_© Ck¦i‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ck¦i kãwU wZwb me©Î eënvi K‡i‡Qb| cqM¤î ev bex‡ìI, Ck¦i cvVv‡Zb- GK_vI wZwb e‡j‡Qb| Avm‡j `revealed' ev

cÖZ¨vw`ó a‡g© Ck¦i ejvwU A‡hŠw³K| KviY Gi ¯¿xwj½ evPK wj½vš—i Av‡Q| Zv Ck¦ix| Bs‡iwR‡Z Ck¦i‡K e‡j Ô&godÕ, Ck¦ix‡K Ô&goddess’ wLªó a‡g© †gwi‡K (gwiqg) Ck¦‡ii ¯¿x Ges whky‡K ÔBkv (Avt)Õ Ck¦‡ii cyÎ ejv n‡q‡Q| GB `trinity’ ev wÎË¡ev` ZË¡ †cŠivwYK (mythological) aviYvcÖm~Z; G‡Z ag©MZ mZ¨Zv †bB|... BZ¨vw`|...bex Kviv n‡eb-GwU c~e©wba©vwiZ| BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`|Ó

wcÖq W. nvweeAvcbvi my`xN© †jLvwU Qvcv‡bv †Mj bv, KviY `x¶K `ªvwe‡oi GKv‡WwgK cÖeÜwUi g~j m~ÎwU ai‡Z Avcwb e¨_© n‡q‡Qb|cÖ_gZ, `x¶K †Mvov‡ZB cÖkœ Zz‡j‡Qb †h †mKv‡j GKRb mvaviY gvbyl, hvi AvcvZ`„wó‡Z †Kvb ivRKxq ev ivóªxq ¶gZv †bB, Kxfv‡e ivRKxq kw³i wei“‡× `vuwo‡q cqM¤^‡i ev bex‡Z DËxY© nb| cÖwZwôZ bex‡ì Kvwnbx GZ wg_, AÜ wek¦vm Avi AwZiÄ‡b Av”Qvw`Z †h Zv †_‡K bexZ¡ jv‡fi ev¯—e I cÖK…Z c×wZwU D×vi Kiv gyw¯‹j| BwZnvm †_‡K hZUzKz cvIqv hvq, gyn¤§`‡K Bmjvg cÖwZôvi Rb¨ gw`bvq cvwj‡q wM‡q †mbvevwnbx M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡qwQj| AZtci A¯¿ e‡jB wZwb Bmjvg cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges bex‡Z¡i Avmb‡K cvKv‡cv³ K‡iwQ‡jb cÖwZc¶ †Kv‡ik‡ì civwRZ K‡i| myZivs Bmjvg cÖwZôvq †cwk kw³ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡LwQj G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| †Kv‡ik‡ì civR‡qi KviY we‡kl‡Y hvIqvi AeKvk GLv‡b †bB| ïay GUzKz ejv hvq, †Kv‡ik‡ì †Kvb mymsnZ GKK †bZ…Z¡ wQj bv, msL¨vq †ewk n‡jI Zv‡ì evwnbx wQj AmsMwVZ I wek„•Lj| Ab¨w`‡K nRi‡Zi ewjô GKK †bZ…‡Z¡ Bmjvgx evwnbx wQj mymsnZ, myk„•Lj I AvZ¥wb‡ew`Z| gyn¤§` hw` civwRZ n‡Zb Zvn‡j wK nZ? Ab¨w`‡K wgki †_‡K weZvwoZ gymv Ges kvwš—i evYxi cÖPviK †cwk-kw³nxb whï Kx fv‡e cÖ‡dU n‡q DV‡jb bvbv wg‡_i aygªRv‡j Zv XvKv c‡o Av‡Q| Zv †_‡K cqM¤î n‡q IVvi cÖK…Z mZ¨ Kvwnbx D×vi Kiv ïay k³ bq Am¤¢e| G Kvi‡YB `x¶K `ªvweo AvazwbK Kv‡ji bex n‡q IVvi GK HwZnvwmK e¨w³i Kvwnbx D`vniY wn‡m‡e †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb| Avgv‡ì AvaywbK evwnbxi bvq‡Ki

m¤úv`‡Ki `ßi †_‡K

cvV‡Ki cvZv:

`yf©vM¨ †h Zv‡K †k¦ZKvq AwZ kw³kvjx, myk„sLj, ZrKv‡ji DbœZ A‡¯¿ mw¾Z GK evwnbxi wei“‡× jo‡Z n‡q‡Q| fvi‡Z Bs‡iR Avg‡j mvuIZvj we‡`ªvnx †bZv wmay Kvby‡KI †Zgwb civRq eiY Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| ïay †`k‡cÖ‡g iYRq Kiv hvq bv| BwZnv‡mi G GK A‡gvN w`Kwb‡`©kbv| †jLK Zvui cÖe‡Ü ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, cÖZ¨vw`ó wZbwU eo a‡g©i cqM¤îivI nq‡Zv Zuv‡ì Kv‡j G c_ Aej¤^b K‡iwQ‡jb| Avcwb GKv‡WwgK we‡kl‡Y bv wM‡q wek¦vm I ag©MÖš’¸‡jvi Kvwnbxi cybive„wË K‡i‡Qb- hv †gvUvgywU mK‡ji Rvbv| Avcwb hyw³ I b¨vqkvw¯¿K we‡kølY I AvaywbK BwZnv‡mi †g_WjwR‡K Gwo‡q wek¦vm‡K AvuK‡o a‡i‡Qb|wØZxqZ, j¶¨ Kiv †M‡Q †h Ici †_‡K evYx Avmvi mgq I c‡i AZx‡Zi wKQz wKQz bex ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK Ggb me j¶Y I g‡bvêKj¨ cÖ`k©b K‡ib hv AvaywbK g‡bvweÁv‡bi `„wó‡Z gvbwmK †ivMxivB cÖ`k©b K‡i _v‡Kb| D`vniY wn‡m‡e `x¶K g„Mx †iv‡Mi K_v D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Ges `„óvš— wn‡m‡e GKRb bexi AvPi‡Yi K_v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| AZx‡Z †cÖwiZ cyi“liv †h Avmgvwb evYx I bvbv iK‡gi Hk¦wiK K_vevZ©v I `„k¨ †`L‡Zb ZviI GKwU êÁvwbK e¨vL¨v AvRKvj cvIqv hvq| †hgb wm‡Rv‡d«wbK †ivMxivI Gme A‡jŠwKK evYx ïb‡Z I †`L‡Z cvb|Avcwb hw` Ck¦i (AvjvnZvjv A‡_©) I Zvui A‡jŠwKKZvq wek¦vm K‡ib Zv n‡j Avcbvi c‡¶ †ekx`~i AMÖmi nIqv m¤¢e bq| Ges Gme Av‡jvPbvq Avcbvi AskMÖnY bv KivB †kªq| cÖm½Z Avcbv‡K RvbvB †h wn›`y‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB G hy‡Mi ivgK…ò I mrm½ Avkªg cÖwZôvZv VvKzi AbyK~j P›`ª‡K AeZvi Ávb K‡ib| Dci †_‡K Hk¦wiK evYx Avmvi mgq I c‡i Zvuiv g„Mx †ivMx‡ì gZ AvPiY Ki‡Zb, †hgb Zuv‡ì mviv †`n Ng©v³ nZ, _i _i K‡i Zv‡ì K‡jei cÖKw¤úZ nZ Ges cÖvq mgq g~Q©v †h‡Zb| f³iv ej‡Zb, fve mgvwa n‡q‡Q| wKQz¶Y cwiPh©vi ci Zvuiv my¯’ n‡q DV‡Zb I ¯^vfvweK Rxe‡b cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡Zb| GB Ômgvwa Kv‡jÕ Zvuiv †hme evYx ïb‡Zb Ges ej‡Zb Zv wjwce× Kiv nZ|Avcwb Ck¦i kã eënv‡i AvcwË K‡i‡Qb| Avcwb wb‡RI Rv‡bb †h `x¶K Kx A‡_© G kãwU eënvi

K‡i‡Qb| †Kviv‡bi Avjvn I evB‡e‡ji MW †hgb, wn›`y‡ì Ck¦iI †Zgwb ÔGK‡gevwØZxqgÕ, meRvš—v I me©Î GKB mv‡_ I me©f~‡Z weivRgvb I Akixwi| Ck¦ix kãwU ms¯‹…Z fvlvi GKwU kã Ges Ck¦i k‡ãi ¯¿xwj½| ms¯‹…Z fvlvq me k‡ãiB wj½ Av‡Q, Avevi †Kvb k‡ãi wj½ nj K¬xe (neuter) A_©vr IB kã¸‡jv‡K cys ev ¯¿xwj‡½ Aš—fz©³ Kiv hvq bv| Gi mv‡_ a‡g©i †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| Kv‡RB Ck¦ix A_© wn›`y‡ì ÔGK‡gevwØZxqg Ck¦‡ii ¯¿xÕ bb| †Kbbv ejv n‡”Q, wZwb GKK me©¶gZvi AwaKvix Ges m„wóKZ©v| `yM©v‡K A‡bK mgq Ck¦ix bv‡g m‡¤^vab Kiv nq| KviY `yM©v kãwU ¯¿xevPK| ZvB GUv †bnvZB ms¯‹…Z e¨vKi‡Yi cÖ‡qv‡Mi dj| Avi a‡g©i `„wó‡Z hw` †`‡Lb Zvn‡j eje wn›`y‡ì g‡Z ¯^qs Ck¦iB `yM©viƒ‡c cÖKvk †c‡q‡Qb we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b, we‡kl mg‡q, A_©vr `yM©v ZLb ¯^qs Ck¦i| Avcwb Rv‡bb †h Bmjvg-c~e© hy‡M Kvev gw›`‡i ¯’vwcZ †Kv‡ik‡ì cÖavb †èZvi bvgI wQj Avjvn| Aviex Rvbv Avgvi cwÊZ eÜziv Avgv‡K e‡j‡Qb †h, †m hy‡MI Avjvn kãwU‡K ¯¿x ev cysevPK k‡ã †djv nZ bv, A_©vr Gi †Kvb †RÛvi †bB| GB A‡_© K¬xe (neuter) e¨vKiYMZfv‡e| wKš‘ GKUz Zwj‡q †`L‡jB †evSv hvq †h Avjvn ev MW G‡ì †h AvPiY ag©MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z cÖKwUZ n‡q‡Q Zv †_‡K mvaviY gvby‡li g‡b n‡Z cv‡i †h wZwb Kvh©Z g¨vmKzwjb|Avcwb AviI GKwU fzj K‡i‡Qb Lªxóvb‡ì wÎË¡ev` wb‡q| wLªóxq wek¦v‡m MW (God), whï I cweÎ AvZ¥v (Holy Spirit) GB wZbwU ¯^M©xq mËv (divine entity) wb‡qB wUªwbwUi aviYv| gvZv †gwi KLbI M‡Wi ¯¿x wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nb bv| evB‡e‡jv³ M‡Wi (God) ¯¿xwj½ evPK (M‡Wi cZœx †evSv‡Z) Ôgoddess' e‡j †Kvb kã †bB| Bs‡iwR `god’I ’goddess’Gi evsjv ev ms¯‹…Z Ô †èZv I †èx Õ, Ck¦i I Ck¦ix bq| GLv‡bI Avcwb welqwU‡K ¸wj‡q †d‡j‡Qb| Avcwb Av‡iv GKwU weåvwš—‡Z fzM‡Qb, Zv nj Ô`k©b I weÁvbÕ gy³ g‡b we‡kølYvZ¥K `„wó wb‡q Áv‡bi PP©v K‡i| Avcwb GK wbtk¦v‡m K‡qKRb eo gvby‡li bvg K‡i Zv‡ì Avw¯—K AvZ¥vq wek¦vmx e‡j XvjvI gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb, hv m‡Zï Acjvc| AvBb÷vBb AvZ¥v †Zv `~‡ii K_v e¨w³ Ck¦‡iI (personal god) †Kvbw`b Av¯’vevb wQ‡jb bv|

-m¤úv`‡Ki `ßi †_‡K

†eMg gykZvix kdxPÆMÖvg †_‡K

wcÖq m¤úv`K,Avwg fxlY Lywk Avcbvi m¤úvw`Z Ôgy³v‡š^lvÕ †c‡q| AmsL¨ abëv`| ZLywb cÖvwß msev` w`‡Z cviZvg, wKš‘ cwÎKvwU D‡ë-cv‡ë †`‡L fvejvg GKUz mgq wb‡q m¤ú~Y© cvV Kivi ciB wjLe Avgvi cÖwZwµqvmn| wKš‘ A‡bK wej¤^ K‡i †djjvg...| wej‡¤^ n‡jI gy³v‡š^lvi (wØZxq msL¨v) cvV †k‡l Avgvi fvj jvMvUzKz bv wj‡L cvijvg bv|... AvMvgx‡Z gy³v‡š^lvi Rb¨ Ab¨ wKQz wjL‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev| Avwg g‡b Kwi eZ©gvb †c¶vc‡U gvbyl †hfv‡e a‡g©i A‡hŠw³K wek¦vm AvuK‡o a‡i gvbweK †eva we‡eK‡K wemR©b w`‡q mgvR‡K K~cgÊ~K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q Kzms¯‹v‡ii we¯—vi NwU‡q, Zv †_‡K cvVK‡K gyw³ †`qvi Rb¨ G ai‡bi cwÎKvi cÖ‡qvRb| gy³v‡š^lv †mB cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡e Avkv Kwi| Avcwb fvj _vKzb, my¯’ _vKzb|Amxg ïf Kvgbvq,†eMg gykZvix kdx20.06.08

†eMg kdx,Avcbvi wPwV I m‡½ cvVv‡bv gy³v‡š^lvi mgv‡jvPbv †c‡qwQ| wPwVwU cÎ¯’ Kiv n‡jv| mgv‡jvPbvwU cvV‡Ki fvj jvMv, g›` jvMv Kjv‡g Qvcv n‡e|

m¤úv`Kxq `ßi

Zmwjgv bvmwi‡bi wPwV

wcÖq m¨vi,Avcbvi gy³v‡š^lv c‡owQ| Lye fv‡jv jvMj| A‡bK abëv`| Avcbvi mngwg©Zv I Drmvn Avgv‡K A‡bK D¾xweZ K‡i‡Q| Avwg Rvwb bv, Avgv‡K w`jx‡Z †Kv_vq ivLv n‡q‡Q| Pjv‡divi ¯^vaxbZv †bB| G‡Kev‡i e›`x `kv| Avcwb Avgv‡K Avkxe©v` Ki‡eb|

Zmwjgv9. 3. 08

cÖvq e›`x Ae¯’vq w`jx †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki †jwLKv Zmwjgv bvmwib MZ 9B gvP©, 2008 Zvwi‡L m¤úv`‡Ki Kv‡Q GKwU †QvÆ B-†gBj cvVvb t

K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi

Aa¨¶v gvndzRv LvbgRbve ûgvq~b †PŠayix

kªx Awgq gyLvR©x

gy³v‡š^lv

07

m¤úv`Kxq

gy&³v‡š^lvq mvaviYZ ivR‰bwZK welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv nq bv| Z‡e Avgiv ivRbxwZ wegyL bB| †h †KD †`‡k I we‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK welq wb‡q wjL‡Z cv‡ib, Avgv‡ì g‡Zi mv‡_ wgj bv n‡jI Zv gy³v‡š^lvq Qvcv n‡Z evav †bB| †`k GLb †h cwiw¯’wZi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡Q Zvi `yÕGKwU D‡jL Kiv hvK|

1. †`‡k GLb GKwU wbe©vPbx Aven m„wó n‡q‡Q, eo ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv hZB gy‡L ejyK †h RvZxq wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M ¯’vbxq miKvi wbe©vPb Zviv gvb‡eb bv, wKš‘ ev¯—‡e †`Lv hv‡”Q †h wbe©vPbx eqK‡Ui ûgwK w`‡jI Zv‡ìB ¯’vbxq Abymvixiv wbe©vP‡b AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ GKcv‡q Lvov| †gqi wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡ÎB Zv ¯úóiƒ‡c dz‡U D‡V‡Q| miKvi I wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi c¶ †_‡K evievi ejv n‡”Q †h ¯’vbxq miKvi wbe©vPb n‡e AivR‰bwZK wfwË‡Z| wKš‘ ev¯—‡e wK †`Lv hv‡”Q? †mB cyivZb †Pbv gyL¸‡jvB, hv‡ì cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB i‡q‡Q `jMZ ivR‰bwZK cwiwPwZ Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ivR‰bwZK `j Zv‡ì g‡bvbxZ (†emiKvwifv‡e) cÖv_©xi †cQ‡b GKvÆv mg_©b w`‡”Q cÖKv‡k¨| wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi m`m¨ weª‡MwWqvi mvLvIqvr †nv‡mb wKQzw`b Av‡M MR©b K‡iwQ‡jb †h, hw` †Kvb cÖv_©x ivR‰bwZK e¨vbv‡i wbe©vPb Ki‡Q e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j Zvi cÖv_©xZv A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ n‡e| †gqi cÖv_©x‡ì ZvwjKv †`L‡jB †h †Kvb e¨w³i Kv‡Q aiv co‡e †K †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `‡ji e¨vbv‡i cÖwZØw›ØZv Ki‡Qb| GiB bvg †eva nq †PvL _vK‡Z AÜ| Gme wPwýZ cÖv_©x‡ì wK ivR‰bwZK e¨vbv‡i wbe©vP‡bi `v‡q Awfhy³ Kiv n‡e? mvLvIqvr mv‡neiv wK D‡Ui gZ gi“f~wgi evwj‡Z gyL ¸u‡R bv †`Lvi fvb Ki‡eb?

2. miKvi I ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Pj‡Q Ômsjv‡ci †LjvÕ| miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K ejv n‡q‡Q †h GB ivR‰bwZK msjv‡ci g~j j¶¨ nj †QvU eo mKj ivR‰bwZK `j wbe©vP‡b AskMÖn‡Y DØy× Kiv, hv‡Z ewnwe©‡k¦ cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h GKwU MÖnYxq Aeva wbe©vPb n‡q‡Q| miKv‡ii Avi GKwU j¶¨ mK‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GKwU b~¨bZg Bmyï wfwË‡Z RvZxq HKg‡Z¨ †cuŠQv‡bv hv‡Z wbe©vwPZ miKvi †`k cwiPvjbvq mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb bv nq, MYZ‡š¿i PvKvwU c‡_ AvU‡K bv c‡o| A‡bKUv cvwK¯—vwb Avg‡j Bqvwnqv cÖewZ©Z ÔwjM¨vj †d«gIqv‡K©iÕ gZ| wKš‘ gyw¯‹j nj HKg‡Zï e¨vL¨v I we‡klY wb‡q| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z GwU Ggb GKwU welq hv‡Z KvivMv‡i AvUK `yb©xwZevR I wePvivj‡qi KvVMovq Zviv †hb wKQz‡ZB wbe©vP‡b Ask wb‡Z bv cv‡i, cyivZb g` †hb bZzb †evZ‡j mvf© bv Kiv nq| †KD ej‡Qb wbe©vP‡b †K wRZ‡e ev bv wRZ‡e †mwU eo K_v bq, wbe©vP‡bvËi Kv‡j GKwU RvZxq miKvi MwVZ n‡e hviv Aš—Z 4/5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ †`k kvmb K‡i MYZš¿‡K GKwU cv°v iƒc †b‡e| †KD Pvb wb‡f©Rvj msm`xq MYZš¿ bq, Gi mv‡_ wg‡kj w`‡Z n‡e ivóªcwZi Rb¨ wKQz wbe©vnx ¶gZv, weª‡U‡bi ivYxi gZ Vuy‡Uv RMbœv_ bq| A‡b‡K Avevi Pvb ivóª ¶gZvi fvMvfvwM‡Z †mbvevwnbxi wnm¨v _vK‡Z n‡e, †Rbv‡ij Gikv` †hgbwU †P‡q weZwK©Z n‡qwQ‡jb| †Rbv‡ij gCb BD Avng‡ì bvbv e³‡e¨ G g‡bvfv‡ei cwiPq cvIqv †M‡Q| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z GwU n‡Z n‡e msweavb ms‡kvab K‡i, Avevi †KD gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h, Zv bq Ñ GKwU RvZxq wbivcËv gRwjk _vK‡e †hLv‡b Aek¨ †mbvKZ©vivB cÖavb f~wgKvq _vK‡eb| cÖ‡dmi BqvRDwÏ‡bi gZ e¨w³ ¶gZvai ivóªcwZ n‡j †h wK n‡e, Zv Ck¦iI ej‡Z cvi‡eb bv| wKš‘ GZ me cwieZ©b cwigvR©b Kiv n‡”Q GKwU gvÎ wek¦v‡m †h Avgv‡ì wbe©vwPZ ivRbxwZweìv †`k kvm‡b A‡hvM¨, I‡ì‡K wbe©vP‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q Avb‡Z n‡e wVKB wek¦‡K †`Lv‡Z, wKš‘ I‡ì nv‡Z †Zv †`k Pvjv‡bvi me©vZ¥K `vwqZ¡ †`qv hvq bv-Zv Am¤¢e| Iiv my‡hvM †c‡jB †`kwU‡K H †h cÖev` Pvjy n‡q‡Q, 1/11Õi Av‡Mi Ae¯’v‡b wb‡q hv‡e| G Kvi‡YB GZ me i¶v Ke‡Pi cÖ¯—vebv| RvZxq miKvi gv‡b wK? Gi wek` e¨vL¨vq †KD hv‡”Qb bv| RvZxq miKv‡iiGKwU †Pnviv †Zv Avgiv cÖZ¨¶ KiwQ| †h me †gavex e¨w³ wb‡q Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ (Bgv‡R©wÝ †NvlYvi gva¨‡g) †h ZË¡veavqK miKvi MwVZ nj Zviv †Zv RvZxq miKvi wn‡m‡eB wb‡R‡ì MY¨ Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij cÖ_g †_‡KB| RvZxq mgm¨vi †nb w`K †bB †hLv‡b Zv‡ì nvZ c‡o wb, wePvi wefvM Avjv`v †_‡K, bvix Dbœqb bxwZ gvjv, gymwjg weevn I ZvjvKmn GgbZ‡iv bvbvwea ms¯‹v‡i G miKvi nvZ w`‡q‡Q|

3. wKš‘ G miKvi †hLv‡b `„p c`‡¶c wb‡q RbM‡Yi `ytL `y`©kbvi jvNe Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb- †hgb `ªe¨g~j¨ Mwie gvby‡li µq ¶gZvi g‡a¨ ivLv, weRjx‡K AviI †ewk¶Y a‡i ivLv, mš¿vmx AcZriZv †iv‡a I

AvBb k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Y ivLv, †mLv‡b e¨_©, †Kvb Kvh©Ki f~wgKv †bB| eëmvx‡ì bvbvfv‡e Qvo w`‡qI †Kvb jvf n‡”Q bv, eis miKv‡ii `ye©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡q Zviv gv_vq D‡V e‡m Avgv‡ì gZ Qv‡cvlv gvbyl‡ì Ici Qwo †Nviv‡”Q| GLb ïbwQ `yb©xwZevR ivRbxwZwe`‡ì Kb‡kmb †èvi eë¯’vI Kiv n‡”Q| GKwU A_©en I mK‡ji Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ wbe©vPb Kivi bv‡g Zv‡iK ingvb, gwZDi ingvb wbRvgxmn evNv evNv `yb©xwZi `v‡q †MÖdZviK…Z ivRbxwZwe`‡ì gyw³ †`qvi Xj †b‡g‡Q| Avgiv Rvwb bv miKv‡ii Avw¯—‡b Kx Av‡Q? cÖkœ nj miKvi cÖ_gw`‡K RbM‡Yi †h Av¯’v jvf K‡iwQj Zv wZ‡ivwnZ nj †Kb, †mbvevwnbxi c~Y© mg_©b _vKv m‡Ë¡I?

4. mviv‡`k †_‡K GKvË‡ii hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii `vwe D‡V‡Q, wKš‘ miKvi wbðyc| RbM‡Yi `vwe mvgvb¨-hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii Rb¨ GK ev GKvwaK UªvBey¨bvj MVb I mv‡_ hy×vciv‡ai cÖK…wZ I Acivax‡ì wPwýZ Kivi j‡¶¨ GKwU Kwgkb MVb| evsjv‡`‡ki mvaviY gvby‡li hy×vcivax‡ì wPb‡Z Kx evwK Av‡Q? weMZ miKvi¸‡jvi, we‡kl K‡i weGbwc miKvi¸‡jvi Avvkª‡q I cÖkª‡q Giv GZUvB `ywe©bxZ n‡q D‡V‡Q †h Zviv gyw³hy×‡K I gywRebM‡i cÖwZwôZ cÖevmx miKvi‡K A¯^xKvi Kivi a„óZv †`Lvq| Avgv‡ì gyw³hy×‡K ÔM„nhy×Õ bv‡g AvL¨v †`q| G‡Zv wVKB, cvwK¯—v‡bi `„wó‡Z GwU †Zv M„nhy×B, †h M„nhy‡× fviZmn c~e© BD‡ivcxq †`k¸‡jv Ges †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ Ae¯’vb wb‡qwQj| RvgvZ, †bRvgx Bmjvgx, gymwjg jxM cÖf„wZi †bZviv †Mvjvg AvRg, gwZDi ingvb MsÕ-Gi `„wófw½B cÖgvY K‡i †h Zviv cvwK¯—v‡bi c‡¶ j‡o‡Q ivRvKvi, Avjeì, Avjkvgm& evwnbx MVb K‡i| Giv mvaviY gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, MYnZ¨vq cvwK¯—vwb evwnbxi mn‡hvMx kw³ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì †g‡i‡Q Ges j¶ j¶ gv-†evb‡ì B¾Z f~jywôZ K‡i‡Q| G‡ì Pig `ytmvnm †h evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li wei“‡× hy×‡K Zviv Z_vKw_Z †Rnv` †NvlYv K‡i jyÉb, nZ¨v I MYnv‡i bvix al©Y‡K MwYgvZ wn‡m‡e Rv‡qR e‡j d‡Zvqv w`‡q‡Q| Rvgv‡Zi †ivKb‡ì w`‡q Z_vKw_Z RvZxq gyw³‡hv×v cwil` MVb K‡i mgMÖ gyw³hy×‡K Zviv cwinvm Ki‡Z mvnm cvq| ZvB Zviv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Dcnvm I wbh©vZb Ki‡Z wØav K‡i bv| G‡ì ¶gZvi wfwË I Drm‡K wPiZ‡i †f‡O w`‡Z n‡e| Giv hw` hy×vcivax bv nq Zv n‡j Kviv hy×vcivax?

Zmwjgv bvmwib cÖm½MZ msL¨vq Avgiv Rvwb‡qwQjvg †h evsjv‡`‡ki †g‡q myL¨vZ Kwe I †jwLKv‡K w`jx‡Z Zuvi wbivcËvi ¯^v‡_© evg mgw_©Z gb‡gvnb wms‡ni fviZ miKvi GKwU †Mvcb Av¯—vbvq Aš—ixY K‡i †i‡LwQj MZ b‡f¤î (2007) gvm †_‡K| eÜz-evÜe weewR©Z Av¯—vbvq wbtm½ _vK‡Z _vK‡Z †jwLKv gvbwmK I kvixwiKfv‡e wech©¯— n‡q c‡ob| Zuvi GKgvÎ m½x wQj GKwU j¨vcUc I GKwU †gvevBj †dvb| †mKz¨jvi Ks‡MÖm-evgcš’x †Kvqvwjkb miKvi gvbeZvev`x †jwLKv evsjv‡`‡ki †g‡q Zmwjgv bvmwib‡K fviZ Z¨v‡M eva¨ K‡i‡Q MZ 19 gvP© Zvwi‡L| Gi Av‡MB cwðg e‡½i evg miKvi Zmwjgv‡K †KvjKvZvq cÖvq 4 gvm e›`x K‡i †i‡L †ei K‡i w`‡qwQj, Zuvi wbivcËvi †`vnvB w`‡q| fve‡Z Kó nq, GB evg miKviB 2001 mv‡j ¸Riv‡Ui GK `wi`ª gymwjg cwievi‡K mv¤cÖ`vwqK `vbe‡ì nvZ †_‡K euvPv‡Z †KvjKvZvq VuvB w`‡q ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi I gvbeZvev‡ì wbkvb Dwo‡qwQj| GLb g‡b n‡”Q GwU wQj m¯—v evnev cvIqvi bvUK| cwðg e‡½i gymwjg‡ì †fvU cvIqvi D‡Ï‡k¨, †Kvb Av`k© †_‡K DØy× n‡q bq| fviZ I cwðg e‡½i miKvi‡K Zv‡ì ü`qnxbZv I gvbeZvewnf~©Z AvPi‡Y Avgiv wa°vi Rvbv‡ZB cvwi| Avgiv †f‡e Avðh© nB †mKz¨jvi MYZvwš¿K fvi‡Z VuvB nq bv mvjgvb i“k`xi, Zmwjgv bvmwib‡ì| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU †g‡q nvq`ªvev‡`, †KvjKvZvq, ivR¯’v‡b, w`jx‡Z mv¤cÖ`vwqK I †gŠjev`x‡ì nv‡Z wbh©vwZZ I DrcxwoZ n‡”Q, Avgv‡ì miKvi, Avgv‡ì Z_vKw_Z gvbe wn‰Zlx-gvbe-ì`x-gvbevwaKvi i¶vq mZZ D”PKÉ msMVb¸‡jv, gwnjv ms¯’v¸‡jv G‡Kev‡iB wbðyc iBj| GKwU D‡`¨vMI †bqv nj bv evsjv‡`‡ki GB †jwLKv‡K ¯^f~wg‡Z wdwi‡q Avb‡Z| KviY, Avgiv mevB †gŠjev`x‡ì Avùvj‡b fxZ I bZRvby|

GKUy †`wi‡Z n‡jI, gy³v‡š^lvi 2q e‡l©i 1g msL¨vwU Avcbv‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z †c‡i fvj jvM‡Q| Avkv Kwi Ab¨ msL¨v¸‡jvi gZ G msL¨vwUI cvVK wcÖqZv AR©b Ki‡e|

gnv‰ewk¦K KvVv‡gvcÖvPx‡biv †hfv‡e

†`‡LwQ‡jb *

wm×v_© ksKi †RvqvÏ©vi

ÔAvKvk fiv m~h©-Zviv wek¦fiv cÖvY,Zvnvwi gvSLv‡b Avwg †c‡qwQ †gvi ¯’vb,we¯§‡q ZvB Rv‡M, Rv‡M Avgvi Mvb \Õ

1gvby‡li bvbvwea wRÁvmvi g‡a¨ wek¦ZvwË¡K cÖkœvejx †h me‡P‡q †gŠwjK Avi †KŠZ~n‡jvÏxcK G wel‡q m¤¢eZ †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| KviY gvbyl mevi Av‡M Rvb‡Z †P‡q‡Q, †h gnvwe‡k¦ Zvi Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q Zvi m„wó wKfv‡e? Gi †cQ‡b Kx D‡Ïk¨ Av‡Q? GUv wK †Kvb gnvcwiKíbvi Ask bvwK hv`„”QK ? Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K, ag©we`, `vk©wbK, weÁvbx GgbwK mvaviY gvbylI Rvb‡Z †P‡q‡Q Gi DËi| AwZ cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K AvR Aewa gvbyl †f‡e P‡j‡Q K¬vwš—nxbfv‡e| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv, Gme DË‡ii mgmvgwqKKv‡ji e¨vL¨v A‡bK‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z cvi‡jI hyMvš—‡i Zv n‡q c‡o‡Q APj, nvm¨Ki| Avm‡j wbiš—i gvbyl P‡j‡Q m‡Zï †Luv‡R, Lyu‡R wd‡i‡Q ÔKx Av‡Q †k‡l?Õ Av‡jvP¨ wbe‡Ü Avgiv gvby‡li KvjµwgK wek¦vm †_‡K weÁv‡b DËi‡Yi †mB ch©vq¸‡jv j¶¨ Kie| †`Le Áv‡bi µgea©gvb AMÖvq‡b gvbyl wKfv‡e †cQ‡b †d‡j‡Q Kí‡jv‡Ki ev¯—eZvnxb bvbv iKg A‡Pbv A¯úó RMZ‡K|

2we‡k¦i cÖvPxbZg MÖš’¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg F‡M¦`&| êw`K mvwn‡Zï wewfbœ Z_¨-DcvË †_‡K wn‡me K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q Gi iPbvKvj wLªóc~e© cÂ`k kZvãx‡Z| Avh©RvwZ wmÜz DcZ¨Kvevmx‡ì civ¯— K‡i ¯’vqxfv‡e

emwZ ¯’vcb Kivi ci F‡M¦` iwPZ n‡q‡Q| iPwqZv‡ì ejv nq Fwl| `xN©Kvj a‡i bvbvR‡bi iPbvq Gi K‡jei e„w× †c‡q‡Q| bvbv iK‡gi †èZv‡ì ¯‘wZ‡Z cwic~Y© GB †e`wU| K‡qKwU gyL¨ †èZv wQ‡jb AwMœ, Ac, †mvg, B›`ª, i“`ªª, cR©b¨, m~h©, mweZv, weòz, wgÎ, ei“Y, Elv cÖgyL|Gme †èZv Avm‡j cÖK…wZi cÖZxK| G‡ì mš‘ó Ki‡Z Fwliv ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb ARmª gš¿| F‡M¦‡ì me©‡kl Ask `kg gÊj| GB gÊ‡j ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q wKQy `vk©wbK wPš—v| cyi“l m~‡³ (10/90) ejv n‡q‡Q mij g‡b Abyf~Z wek¦ m„wói K_v| GKwU wekvj cyi“‡li gb †_‡K P›`ª, P¶z n‡Z m~h©, gyL n‡Z AwMœ, BZ¨vw` ... Avi gyL, n¯—, Di“ I cv †_‡K h_vµ‡g eªvþY, ¶wÎq, êk¨ I k~`ª GB Pvi †kªYxi gvby‡li DrcwË n‡qwQj| Qv‡›`vM¨ Ecwbl‡` wek¦m„wó msµvš— eY©bv Av‡Q (3.19.2)| Avw`‡Z eªþvi a¨vb †_‡K m„wó nj GK wWg| †mB wWg †d‡U nj `yÕfvMÑ GKfvM iRZgq, Ab¨ fvM myeY©gq| GK eQi ¯ú›`bnxb wQj| c‡i wW‡gi iRZgq LÊ †_‡K ˆZwi nj c„w_ex, myeY©gq Ask cwiYZ n‡jv `y¨‡jv‡K| †k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl‡` ejv n‡q‡QÑ

Ô†m mg‡q AÁvb I Awe`¨v wQj bv, †m mgq w`b I ivwÎ wQj bv, mËvI wQj bv, AfveI wQj bv, ZLb †Kej g½jgq, wbwe©Kí eªþvB wQ‡jb, wZwbB A¶i, wZwbB Avw`Z¨Ñg½jeZ©x cyi“‡li Av‡iva¨, Zvnv nB‡ZB ïi“-ci¤úivMZ Ávb we‡eKx cyi“lM‡Y cÖKvwkZ nBqv‡Q|Õ (4.72.18)

ag©MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z wek¦ I gvbyl m„wó wb‡q A‡bK KíKvwnbx A‡bK AjxK aviYv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖvq me †KZv‡eB ejv n‡q‡Q Ñ m„wói c~‡e© wKQzB wQj bv, wQj bv mr, Amr| wQj bv ¯’vb-Kvj| wQj bv AÜKvi, wQj bv Av‡jv| ïay wQj AwØZxq, ALÊ, kvk¦Z, Awebvkx ci‡gk¦i, ev MW ev Avjvn&Zvjv| wZwb wbiveqe I ¯^q¤¢y| Zuvi B”QvqB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q G gnvRMr, weKwkZ n‡q P‡j‡Q wbiš—i| †h‡nZz ag©MÖš’¸‡jv hLb iwPZ n‡qwQj ZLb weÁvb wQj bv| wQj ïaygvÎ `vk©wbK Abya¨vb| A‡b‡K cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb, Ck¦i hw` cwic~Y© mËv n‡q _v‡Kb Zvn‡j RMr

gy³v‡š^lv

10

wc_v‡Mvivm me©cÖ_g cÖ¯—ve K‡iwQ‡jb †h c„w_ex †MvjvKvi hv gnvk~‡bï gvSLv‡b ùvwo‡q Av‡Q ¯’vbyi b¨vq| G‡K †K›`ª K‡i Ny‡i

P‡j‡Q Ab¨vb¨ MÖn¸‡jv| Z‡e wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb †MvjvKvi wek¦KvVv‡gvi

gvSLv‡b Av‡Q Av¸b| c„w_ex ev Ab¨vb¨ MÖn H Av¸b‡K †K›`ª K‡i

AvewZ©Z n‡”Q| wc_v‡Mvixq Awawe`¨vi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq wQj

mxgv I Amx‡gi ˆØZZv| GB ˆØZZvB wZwb wek¦KvVv‡gvi Dci

Av‡ivc K‡iwQ‡jb|

m¤ú‡K© Zvi AvMÖn Rb¥vj †Kb? GKgvÎ Ac~Y© mËviB †Zv B”Qv _v‡K? Zvn‡j wK wZwb, c~Y©mËv bb? A_ev g„Z e¯‘ Qvov me wKQziB †Zv B”Qv Av‡Q? Zvn‡j wK wZwb g„Z? fwel¨‡Zi weÁvb nqZ Gi DËi †`‡e| A_ev Abš—Kvj a‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡e G weZK©|e¨vwejbxq cyiv‡Y Av‡Q GK †èZv ¯¿xiƒcx wek„•Ljv‡K wØLwÊZ K‡i evwb‡q‡Q f~¨‡jvK Avi `y¨‡jvK| Px‡bi cÖvPxb MÖ‡š’ cvIqv hvq GiKgB GK Kvwnbx| cÖv_wgK Av‡jv, Avuavi, Zvc, kxZ, ï®‹ evqy BZ¨vw` †_‡K hv wKQz m~² Zv E‡aŸ© D‡V m„wó n‡jv ¯^M©; Avi ¯’j hv wKQz wQj Zv bx‡P n‡jv gZ©|MÖx‡mi DcvL¨v‡b hv ewY©Z Av‡Q Zv Ecwbl‡ì eY©bvi AbyiYb gvÎ| c¶xiƒcx ivwÎ weivU AÜKv‡ii Avovj †_‡K cvoj GK wWg| Zvi †Lvmvi Dc‡ii Ask †_‡K ˆZwi n‡jv ¯^M© Avi wb‡Pi Ask †_‡K n‡jv gZ©¨| wfZi †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmj Kvg‡è| G‡ì weevn eÜ‡bi d‡j m„wó nj †èK~j, h¶K~j BZ¨vw`| wbKU AZx‡Z evB‡e‡ji m„wóZ‡Ë¡ †h eY©bv cvIqv hvq ZvB ev wK Kg †ivgvÂKi ? evB‡e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q †gvU m„wói KvR m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q gvÎ Qq w`‡b| cÖ_g w`b Ck¦i m„wó Ki‡jb gnvKvk I c„w_ex, m„wó Ki‡jb Av‡jv Ges w`b-ivwÎ| wØZxq w`‡b m„wó Ki‡jb AvKvk| Z…Zxq w`‡b mvMi I f~wg| PZz_© w`‡b P›`ª-m~h© Ges mgq| cÂg w`‡b m„wó n‡jv RjR cÖvYx Avi cvLxiv| m„wói Amgvß KvRUv †kl n‡jv lô w`‡b| †mw`b Ck¦i m„wó Ki‡jb Rxe Rš‘, eb¨cÖvYx Ges me‡k‡l gvbyl| mßgw`‡b wZwb †Kvb wKQz m„wó Ki‡jb bv, wb‡jb wekªvg| m„wói cÖwZw`b †k‡l Ck¦i Zvi wb‡Ri m„wó †`‡L wb‡RB we¯§qvf~Z n‡jb Ges ej‡jb, †ek PgrKvi n‡q‡Q| cÖkœ †Zvjv hvq gnvKvk Avi AvKv‡ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx ? Bmjv‡gi cweÎ MÖš’ †Kviv‡bI †gvUvgywU GKB weeiY cvIqv hvq|

cÖvPxbKv‡ji GB me KvíwbK wek¦wPÎ AwZµg K‡i †gvUvgywU wPš—vwbf©i wek¦fvebvq †cuŠQv‡Z †j‡MwQj nvRvi nvRvi eQi| Av‡MB e‡jwQ m„wóZË¡ Áv‡bi RM‡Zi AZ¨š— †gŠwjK GKUv welq hv wb‡q fvebvi Aewa †bB| G Kvi‡Y weÁv‡bi cÖvPxbZg kvLv †R¨vwZwe©Ávb| gnvKvk wb‡q me©cÖ_g cÖK…Z fvebvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq e¨vwejb Avi wgk‡ii cwÊZ e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨| MÖn-b¶‡Îi MwZwewa wb‡q Zviv fve‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Zviv j¶¨ K‡ib we‡kl we‡kl

Zvivi Avwef©v‡e N‡U eb¨v, N‡U Liv| G Kvi‡Y eb¨v, Liv A_ev cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi KviY wn‡m‡e Zviv ‡Kvb †Kvb †R¨vwZ®‹‡K `vqx K‡ib| †ek c‡i fzj wek¦vm Avi wKQzUv MwYZ wgwkªZ n‡q m„wó n‡qwQj †R¨vwZlkv¯¿| cieZ©x‡Z ch©‡e¶Y I MwYZ wb‡q m„wó n‡jv Áv‡bi Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK kvLv †R¨vwZwe©Ávb|

3cÖvPxb MÖx‡mi wek¦fvebv wQj Avw`g| Kwe-†kªô †nwmqv‡Wi Kve¨wPš—vq †m mg‡qi wek¦fvebvi GKUv cwiPq cvIqv hvq| Kwei fvebv mxgvnxb, Avi ev¯—eZv †_‡K eû`~‡i| AvaywbK KweivI †mB ÔfvecÖavbÕ KveïvR¨ †_‡K GKev‡i wePz¨Z nb wb GLbI| †Kbbv Kweiv ej‡Qb Kv‡eï j¶¨ e¯‘-m‡Zï AbymÜvb bq, eiÂ fve mÂviYB Gi g~j KZ©e¨| myZivs †nwmqv‡Wi Avi †`vl Kx? wZwb ej‡jb ïi“‡Z wQj gnv wek„•Ljv, wQj k~b¨Zvi gnvMf©| wek„•Ljvi Mf© †_‡K Rb¥ wbj ¯^M©, Rb¥ wbj c„w_ex| †ewi‡q Avmj Kvg‡èZv g`b| ¯^M© Avi g‡Z©i g‡a¨ m„wó Kij Ac~Y© eÜb| iv‡Zi mxgvk~b¨

gy³v‡š^lv

11

AÜKv‡ii wfZi w`‡q m„wó n‡jv w`b| m„wó n‡jv b`x| A‡bK `vk©wbK e‡j‡Qb †nwmqvW †h Kvg‡èZvi K_v D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †mLvb †_‡K cieZ©xKv‡j A‡bK `vk©wbK RM‡Zi Avw` Dcv`vb †gŠwjK e¯‘ (Ultimate stuff) m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv Kivi Aby‡cÖiYv †c‡q‡Q|

Kvwe¨K g~Q©bv KvwU‡q †gvUvgywU wPš—v wbf©i wek¦ fvebv Ki‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q MÖxK R¨vwgwZwe` wc_v‡Mviv‡mi (wLª.c~: 580-) Kv‡Ri g‡a¨| wc_v‡Mvivm R‡b¥wQ‡jb †mg‡m| 529 wLª. c~e©v‡ã MÖx‡mi K‡jvwb BZvwj‡Z wZwb Avkªq MÖnY K‡ib ¯^‡`k †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡q| wZwb AZ¨vPvix cwj‡µU‡mi we‡ivwaZv K‡iwQ‡jb, hvi d‡j Zvi Kcv‡j †b‡g G‡mwQj eY©bvnxb Kó| Z‡e cieZ©xKv‡j †µv‡Uvbv‡Z ¯’vqx wbevm M‡o Zzj‡j †mLv‡b ˆZwi n‡qwQj Zvi cÖPzi f³| wc_v‡Mvivm me©cÖ_g cÖ¯—ve K‡iwQ‡jb †h c„w_ex †MvjvKvi hv gnvk~‡bï gvSLv‡b ùvwo‡q Av‡Q ¯’vbyi b¨vq| G‡K †K›`ª K‡i Ny‡i P‡j‡Q Ab¨vb¨ MÖn¸‡jv| Z‡e wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb †MvjvKvi wek¦KvVv‡gvi gvSLv‡b Av‡Q Av¸b| c„w_ex ev Ab¨vb¨ MÖn H Av¸b‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z n‡”Q| wc_v‡Mvixq Awawe`¨vi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq wQj mxgv I Amx‡gi ˆØZZv| GB ˆØZZvB wZwb wek¦KvVv‡gvi Dci Av‡ivc K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb fve‡Zb `yÕ‡Uv wfbœ RM‡Zi K_v; GKwU bv¶wÎK RMZ hv w¯’ifv‡e jvMv‡bv, Ab¨wU cvw_©e RMZ| w¯’i bv¶wÎK RM‡Zi mv‡_ mshy³ i‡q‡Q ¯^‡M©i P~ov hv 36,000 eQ‡i GKevi †mB Av¸b‡K cwiµgY K‡i Pj‡Q| Gi bx‡P i‡q‡Q †ek wKQz †MvjK kwb, e„n¯úwZ, ïµ, g½j, eya, m~h©, P›`ª Avi c„w_ex| wKš‘ Zvi wek¦vm wQj `k msL¨vwU cwic~Y©| ZvB G‡ì †gvU msL¨vI n‡Z n‡e `k| GRb¨ wZwb c„w_ex Avi †Kw›`ªb Av¸‡bi gv‡S GKUv ÔwecixZ c„w_exiÕ Kíbv K‡iwQ‡jb| aviYvUv A™¢zZ| Zvi hyw³ wQj c„w_ex †_‡K Avgiv †h †Kw›`ªb Av¸b‡K ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cvwi bv Zvi KviY GB wecixZ c„w_ex| c„w_ex Ges wecixZ c„w_ex †Kw›`ªb Av¸‡bi w`‡K Ggbfv‡e †Nv‡i †h G `yÕ‡Uv wRwb‡mi gyL GKB mg‡q Av¸‡bi w`‡K †_‡K hvq hvi d‡j Av¸b‡K wecixZ c„w_ex Avovj K‡i iv‡L| wc_v‡Mviv‡mi GKÕk eQi ci Biv‡Uvm‡_wbm bv‡g GKRb `vk©wbK A‡bK wn‡me K‡i bvwK †`‡LwQ‡jb c„w_exi e¨vm cÂvk gvB‡ji †ewk n‡e bv|

MÖx‡mi Ab¨Zg `vk©wbK A¨vbvw·‡Mvivm (wLª.c~. 500-428) wQ‡jb ivóªbvqK †cwiwK¬‡mi eÜz| wZwb †P‡qwQ‡jb G‡_Ý‡K meai‡bi eyw×PP©vi †K›`ªwe›`y wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡eb| gy³eyw× PP©vi Ab¨Zg cxV¯’vb wn‡m‡e G‡_Ý‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z †h‡q wZwb c‡owQ‡jb gnvmsK‡U| wZwb †mªd Abygvb †_‡K hv cÖPvi Ki‡jb Zv m‡Zï KvQvKvwQ bv n‡jI wei³ n‡jv iv‡óªi wPš—vweìv| wZwb ej‡jb, †h m~h©‡K Avgiv cÖZ¨¶ Kwi Zv Avm‡j GKUv Mig †jvnvi PvKwZ we‡kl; Avi P›`ª e‡j hv‡K Rvwb Zv c„w_ex †_‡K m„ó GKUv e¯‘| A¨vbvw·‡Mviv‡mi GB cÖ¯—vebvq i“ó n‡q Zvi kÎ“iv Zv‡K bvw¯—K we‡ePbv K‡i ¯^‡`k †_‡K

weZvwoZ K‡iwQj|`vk©wbK †c‡Uv (wLª.c~. 427-399) wQ‡jb eûgyLx wPš—vi aviK| wZwb †hgwb wPš—v K‡i‡Qb msMxZ wb‡q †Zgwb wPÎKí wb‡qI| GQvov `k©b, mgvR weÁvb Ges ivRbxwZ wb‡q †f‡e‡Qb Mfxifv‡e| †m hy‡M Ávb bvbv k„•Ljvq wef³ nq wb| ZvB GKR‡bi g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq eûwea wPš—vq wgwjZ †mªvZaviv, Áv‡bi bvbv w`K| Gi d‡j bvbv wecixZ wPš—v Zvi g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq| wZwb wek¦ZË¡ wb‡q wjL‡jb Timaeus bvgK GKwU MÖš’| wekÖx iK‡gi wK¤¢zZwKgvKvi GKUv wek¦wPÎ wZwb gvbyl‡K Dcnvi w`‡jb| Zvi wek¦wPÎwU wQj ¯^we‡ivwaZvq fiv, AvcwËKi, Avi fzj fv‡j Vvmv| wZwb g‡b Ki‡jb Av`k© wek¦wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K GKRb meRvš—v eªþ (Demiurge) GB RMZ wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| weg~Z© R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ¸‡jv‡KB wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb wek¦, Avi RM‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ mewKQz‡K fve‡Zb Zvi weK…Z QvqvgvÎ| Ab¨Î wZwb Avevi e‡j‡Qb Zvi eªþv Av`‡Z mªóv bb, GKRb bKmvwe` gvÎ| wek¦vZ¥v n‡jv aviYvi RMZ Ges Aefv‡mi RM‡Zi ga¨¯’ZvKvwi hv, me wbqg, MvwYwZK m¤úK©, HK¨, Rxeb, gb I Áv‡bi GKgvÎ Drm| †c‡Uv wc_v‡Mviv‡mi R¨vwgwZK †mŠ›`‡h© gy» n‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb g‡b g‡b jvjb Ki‡Zb GKUv PgrKvi êwk¦K KvVv‡gv‡K|m¤ú~Y© êÁvwbK wek¦ KvVv‡gv‡Z †cuŠQv‡bvi c‡_ †h `yÕRb e¨w³ cÖavb Aš—ivq n‡q wPš—v‡K 1400 eQi a‡i Av”Qbœ K‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì GKRb n‡jb MÖx‡mi Ab¨Zg `vk©wbK A¨vwi÷Uj (wLª.c~.384-322), Ab¨Rb MÖxK-wgkixq †R¨vwZl kv¯¿xK K¬vw`qvm U‡jgx (Avby wLª.c~ 367-283)| A¨vwi÷U‡ji

gy³v‡š^lv

12

Ggb GKRb MÖxK †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx wQ‡jb A¨vwi÷vK©vm (wLª.c~ 310-230)| wZwb me©cÖ_g c„w_ex‡K GB we‡k¦i †K›`ª †_‡K mwi‡q w`‡q ej‡jb GB we‡k¦i †K›`ªwe›`y

c„w_ex bq, m~h©| m~h©‡Kw›`ªK gZev‡ì cÖ_g cÖe³v wn‡m‡e †R¨vwZwe©Ávb Zv‡K ¯§iY K‡i hv‡e wPiKvj| Z‡e cwiZv‡ci welq †KD Zvi K_v MÖnY K‡iwb †m mgq| A¨vwi÷U‡ji wek¦KvVv‡gv †h fzj Zv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— †R¨vwZwe©Ávbxiv eyS‡Z _v‡Kb|

A‡nZzK Kíbv gvbyl‡K weåvwš—i mvM‡i wbw¶ß K‡i| kZ kZ eQi a‡i gvbyl wek¦vm Ki‡Z _v‡K KvíwbK GK wek¦RMZ‡K| wZwb Zvi gnvwek¦‡K `yÕ‡Uv fv‡M fvM K‡i †dj‡jbÑGKUv gnvKvkgÊj Ab¨wU f~-gÊj| wgnvwek¦ wPiš—b, ¯’vqx Ges Awebk¦i| Gi †K‡›`ª c„w_ex| c„w_ex‡K †K›`ª K‡i Av‡Q Rj, evZvm Avi Av¸‡bi ¯—i¸‡jv| Ab¨w`‡K AvKvk gÊj‡K wN‡i i‡q‡Q B_vi hv aviY K‡i Av‡Q MÖnvYycyÄ, m~h© Avi P›`ª| P›`ª †_‡K c„w_ex ch©š— hv wKQz Av‡Q Zv `~wlZ, cwieZ©bkxj I bk¦i| Ab¨w`‡K P‡›`ªi Dc‡ii mewKQz n‡jv weï×, kvk¦Z I cweÎ| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb me©‡kl ¯—‡i i‡q‡Q w¯’i ZviKvgÊj| MÖn¸‡jvi MwZwewa e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ wZwb Abygvb Ki‡jb eûmsL¨K wecixZ †Mvj‡Ki Aw¯—Z¡ | GB wecixZ †MvjK¸‡jv bvg w`‡jb wZwb cðvr MwZi

¯—i| Ck¦i GB me©‡kl ¯—‡i MwZi wb‡`©k w`‡q _vv‡Kb †h wb‡`©k †cuŠQvq ¯—i †_‡K ¯—ivš—‡i| G Kvi‡Y mewKQz MwZkxj nq| A¨vwi÷U‡ji Ck¦i MwZnxb wKš‘ wZwbB me MwZi KviY| Ck¦i †h‡nZz ¯’vb Kv‡j MÊxe× bb GKvi‡Y wZwb MwZnxb| †Kbbv ¯’vb-Kv‡ji g‡a¨ mxgve× mewKQz MwZkxj| A¨vwi÷U‡ji GB f~‡Kw›`ªK (Geo-Centric) wek¦KvVv‡gv †c‡q gvbyl Lykx n‡qwQj| Lykx nIqvi KviY Zvi cÖwZ mvaviY gvby‡li Acwimxg kª×v| Z‡e g‡aÏ wKQz gvbyl wQj RMZ‡K eyw×i KvVMovq ùvo Kiv‡Z †P‡qwQj| Ggb GKRb MÖxK †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx wQ‡jb A¨vwi÷vK©vm (wLª.c~ 310-230)| wZwb me©cÖ_g c„w_ex‡K GB we‡k¦i †K›`ª †_‡K mwi‡q w`‡q ej‡jb GB we‡k¦i †K›`ªwe›`y c„w_ex bq, m~h©| m~h©‡Kw›`ªK gZev‡ì cÖ_g cÖe³v wn‡m‡e †R¨vwZwe©Ávb Zv‡K ¯§iY K‡i hv‡e wPiKvj| Z‡e cwiZv‡ci welq †KD Zvi K_v MÖnY K‡iwb †m mgq|

A¨vwi÷U‡ji wek¦KvVv‡gv †h fzj Zv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— †R¨vwZwe©Ávbxiv eyS‡Z _v‡Kb| KviY Zvi wek¦KvVv‡gv A‡bK wKQz‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cviwQj bv| GRb¨ †R¨vwZwe©Ávbxiv ms‡kvab Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Zvi ‡`qv KvVv‡gv‡K| wVK Ggb mgq Avwef©~Z nb Av‡iKRb AZ¨š— cÖfvekvjx MwYZwe` I †R¨vwZwe©` K¬vw`qvm U‡jgx| U‡jgx wQ‡jb AZ¨š— weP¶Y Avi cwikªgx| wZwb A¨vwi÷U‡ji mij KvVv‡gvi mv‡_ Ryo‡Z _v‡Kb GwcmvB‡K‡ji ci GwcmvB‡Kj| U‡jgx †`L‡jb cÖvß mij KvVv‡gv P›`ª Avi m~‡h©i MwZc_‡K †ek fv‡jvfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ MÖn¸‡jvi cðvr MwZ BZ¨vw` we`¨gvb KvVv‡gv Øviv e¨vL¨v Kiv m¤¢e bq| GRb¨ wZwb fve‡jb c„w_ex †MvjvKvi Ges Zv we‡k¦i †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z hv e¯‘Z APj Ges MwZnxb|U‡jgxi fzj wek¦KvVv‡gv gvbyl †g‡b wb‡qwQj PZz`©k

kZvwã ch©š—| A_©vr †cvwjk weÁvbx wb‡KvjvB †KvcviwbK ev wb‡Kvjvm †KvcviwbKvm (1473-1543) Rb¥ MÖn‡Yi AvM ch©š—| GB my`xN©Kvj wQj AÜKv‡ii ivRZ¡| AÜKvi, e×, k¦vmiæ×Ki cwi‡e‡k gvbyl †eu‡P‡Q wb`vi“Y K‡ó| GB my`xN© mg‡q KZ gvbyl jvwÃZ n‡q‡Q fzj aviYv‡K cÖwZev` Ki‡Z wM‡q Zvi wnmve †K iv‡L?

4†KvcviwbKvm c„w_ex‡K mwi‡q w`‡jb RM‡Zi †K›`ª †_‡K| KviY wZwb †`L‡jb U‡jgxi wek¦wPÎ †_‡K hw` c„w_ex‡K mwi‡h †m RvqMvq m~h©‡K ¯’vcb Kiv hvq Zvn‡j A‡bK mgm¨vi mnR mgvavb n‡q hvq| mv‡_ mv‡_ Av‡jvi gyL †`Lj m~h©‡Kw›`ªK (Helio Centric) gZev`| hwÌ A¨vwi÷vK©vm †ek Av‡M †m aviYv w`‡qwQ‡jb|†KvcviwbKvm 1543 mv‡j wjL‡jb `de Revolution

gy³v‡š^lv

13

bus Orbium Celestum’ bv‡g GKUv MÖš’| MÖš’wU AvKvkgÊ‡ji †MvjK mg~‡ni cÖ`w¶Y msµvš— welqK| cÖK…Zc‡¶ MÖš’wU †jLv nq 1530 mv‡j| cÖKvk Ki‡Z †`wi n‡qwQj| KviY wZwb fq †c‡qwQ‡jb cÖPÊ iK‡gi cÖwZwµqvi, we‡kl K‡i A¨vwi÷Uj I U‡jgxi AÜ Abymvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K| Z‡e Kw_Z Av‡Q wZwb g„Zz¨kh¨vq MÖš’wU nv‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb wKš‘ co‡Z cv‡ib wb| Kx wQj MÖš’wU‡Z ? MÖš’wU‡Z wZwb I m~‡h©i mv‡c‡¶ MÖn¸‡jv Ae¯’vb my¯úóiƒ‡c wPwýZ K‡i w`‡jb| wZwb †`Lv‡jb m~h© GB we‡k¦i †K›`ªwe›`y; Avi MÖn¸‡jv ci ci †Mvj‡Ki b¨vq Ny‡i hv‡”Q wb‡R‡ì K¶c‡_| GQvovI wZwb ej‡jb, Avgv‡ì †_‡K m~h© hZ `~‡i, Zvi †P‡q †Xi `~‡i †Mvj‡Ki Ae¯’vb|

†KvcviwbKvm MÖš’wU wj‡LwQ‡jb j¨vwUb fvlvq| wKš‘ j¨vwUb fvlv ZLbI me©mvavi‡Yi fvlv n‡q I‡Vwb| G Kvi‡Y mvaviY gvbyl MÖš’wUi gg©v_© †evSv †_‡K ewÂZ wQj `xN© w`b| Z‡e Áv‡bi RM‡Z we‡kl K‡i †R¨vwZwe©Áv‡bi mxgvnxb ÁvbfvÊv‡i wZwb †h êcwjK Abya¨vb †i‡L wM‡qwQ‡jb Zv Ô†KvcviwbKvm weceÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|

Ab¨w`‡K †R¨vwZwe©Áv‡bi cix¶Y I ch©‡e¶‡Yi RM‡Z Zvrch©gq Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb †Wwbk †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx UvB‡Kv eªv‡n (1546 - 1601)| eªv‡n wQ‡jb U‡jgx cš’x| e¯‘Zt U‡jgxi wek¦ KvVv‡gv‡K ch©‡e¶‡Yi `„p wfwË‡Z ¯’vc‡bi j‡¶¨ MÖn-Zviv BZ¨vwì MwZwewai Ici wecyj Z_¨ msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb| †Wbgv‡K©i ivRvi A_©vbyK~‡j¨ nwfb Øx‡c cÖwZwôZ eªv‡ni gvbgw›ìwU n‡q D‡VwQj †R¨vwZwe©Ávb PP©vi †kªô †K›`ªwe›`y| wZwb U‡jgxcš’x n‡jI U‡jgxi g‡W‡j wKwÂr cwieZ©b Av‡bb| Zvi g‡Z m~h© Avi P›`ªB †Kej c„w_exi Pvi w`‡K †Nv‡i, Ab¨ MÖniv m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K AveZ©b K‡i| A_©vr Gme MÖn †hb wQj m~‡h©i DcMÖn| Giv Aek¨ AcÖZ¨¶fv‡e c„w_exi Pviw`‡K †Nv‡i Ñ †h‡nZz m~h© ¯^qs c„w_ex‡K cÖ`w¶Y K‡i _v‡K eQ‡i GKevi| UvB‡Kvi GB gvbgw›`‡i KvR K‡iwQ‡jb Rvg©vwbi †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx Rb †KUjvi (1571-1630)| eªv‡n †cjvi‡K we‡klfv‡e M‡elYv Ki‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb Zuvi msM„nxZ Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z U‡jgxi wek¦ KvVv‡gv‡K cix¶‡Yi wfwË‡Z ùvo Kiv‡Z| wKš‘ BwZnv‡mi cwinvm †Kcjvi wVK D‡ëvwU mvab Ki‡jb| wZwb †`Lv‡jb †h ch©‡e¶Yjä Z_¨vw` f~‡Kw›`ªK RM‡Zi PvB‡Z †KvcviwbKv‡mi m~h©‡Kw›`ªK g‡Wj‡KB mg_©b †`q| wZwb Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb MÖnMwZ msµvš— wZbwU wbqg| ejv nj (1) m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K MÖn¸‡jvi K¶c_ e„ËvKvi bq, eis Dce„Ëv‡Kv‡i (elliptical) hvi GKwU †dvKvm we›`y‡Z m~‡h©i Ae¯’vb; (2) MÖn I m~‡h©i g‡a¨ ms‡hvMKvix mij †iLvwU mgvb mg‡q mgvb c_ AwZµg K‡i; (3) †Kvb MÖ‡ni m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K cÖ`w¶Y Kv‡ji (T) eM©, m~h© †_‡K MÖnwUi Mo `~i‡Z¡i (R) Nbd‡ji mgvbycvwZK [ T2 R3 ] | G QvovI †Kcjvi c„w_ex c„‡ô mgy‡`ª I DcK~jeZ©x b`xmg~‡n †RvqvifvUvi e¨vL¨v †`b c„w_ex c„‡ôi Ici P‡›`ªi AvKl©‡Yi wfwË‡Z|

†R¨vwZwe©Áv‡bi cix¶Y I ch©‡e¶‡Yi RM‡Z Zvrch©gq Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb †Wwbk †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx UvB‡Kv eªv‡n (1546 - 1601)| eªv‡n wQ‡jb U‡jgx cš’x| e¯‘Zt U‡jgxi wek¦ KvVv‡gv‡K ch©‡e¶‡Yi `„p wfwË‡Z ¯’vc‡bi j‡¶¨ MÖn-Zviv BZ¨vwì MwZwewai Ici wecyj Z_¨ msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb| †Wbgv‡K©i ivRvi A_©vbyK~‡j¨ nwfb Øx‡c cÖwZwôZ eªv‡ni gvbgw›ìwU n‡q D‡VwQj †R¨vwZwe©Ávb PP©vi †kªô †K›`ªwe›`y| wZwb U‡jgxcš’x n‡jI U‡jgxi g‡W‡j wKwÂr cwieZ©b Av‡bb| Zvi g‡Z m~h© Avi P›`ªB †Kej c„w_exi Pvi w`‡K †Nv‡i, Ab¨ MÖniv m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K AveZ©b K‡i| A_©vr Gme MÖn †hb wQj m~‡h©i DcMÖn|

gy³v‡š^lv

14

5GiB c_ a‡i Avwef~©Z n‡jb AvaywbK weÁv‡bi c_ cÖ`k©K cix¶Y I ZvwË¡K c`v_©we` Ges †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx M¨vwjwjI M¨vwjwj (1564 -1641)| Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb `~iex¶Y hš¿ Avi Gi mvnv‡h¨ AviI Abycy•Lfv‡e wZwb MÖn‡ì MwZwewa wb‡q Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡jb| ïµMÖ‡ni Ae¯’vb I Zvi Ae¯’v, kwbMÖn I Gi ejq wb‡q bZzb Z_¨ Ges e„n¯úwZi PviwU DcMÖ‡ni bZzb mÜvb w`‡jb| Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb †mŠiKj¼| cix¶‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb MwZ weÁv‡bi mywZKvKv‡i m~Îmg~n, Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb †`vj‡Ki MwZm~Î| m‡e©vcwi Zvi †R¨wZ‰ew`¨K M‡elYv †Kcjv‡ii wbqg I †KvcviwbKv‡mi †mŠiRM‡Zi KvVv‡gv‡K `„p mg_©b w`j| Avi GLv‡bB Ø›Ø †`Lv w`j Pv‡P©i mv‡_ M¨vwjwjIi g‡Zi| e„× eq‡m wZwb `wÊZ n‡jb, Aei“× M„ne›`x

K‡i ivLv nj †m mg‡qi †kªô weÁvb mvaK‡K| Zvui mKj iPbv‡K PvP© wbwl× †NvlYv Kij| Zuv‡K w`‡q ¯^xKvi Kiv‡bv nj wZwb †mŠi‡K›`ªxK †h Z‡Ë¡i K_v e‡jwQ‡jb Zv Ôgnvfyj, Pv‡P©i K_vB mZ¨, †Kbbv Zv Ck¦‡ii evYx|ÕGB M¨vwjwjIi c_ a‡iB Gj AvaywbK weÁvb, Avi Zvi Pig weKvk NUj K‡qKÕk eQ‡ii g‡a¨B| †mc_ Pv‡P©i Aei“× c_ bq, M¨vwjwjIi Av‡jvK`xß c_ - †m c_ weÁv‡bi c_, hyw³i c_, we‡kl‡Yi c_| †m Avi GK Kvwnbx, we¯§‡q Avi PgrKvwi‡Z¡ Aciƒc †mKv‡ji iƒcK_v Avi KíKvwnbx‡KI nvi gvbvq| Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡qB Avwe®K…Z nj ARvbv gnvwe‡k¦i bvbv K_v, Avi Rvbv †Mj gnvwe‡k¦i DrcwËi Avmj inm¨ - gnv we‡ùviY ev weM e¨vs|

wm×v_© ksKi †RvqvÏ©vi, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, `k©b wefvM, miKvix †K. wm. K‡jR, wSbvB`n| mnvqK MÖš’1. F‡M¦`-mswnZv t Abyev` i‡gk P›`ª `Ë2. Dcwbl` t AZzj P›`ª †mb, mZxbv_ ZË¡ f~lY, g‡nk P›`ª †Nvl3. Kv‡ji mswÿß BwZnvm t w÷‡db Weøy nwKs 4. e„nr we‡ùviY †_‡K K…ò MneŸi t (fvlvšÍi: kÎæwRr `vm¸ß, evDj gb cÖKvkb; 1993)K…ò MnŸe, wkï gnvwek¦ I Ab¨vb¨ iPbv tw÷‡db Weøy nwKs (fvlvš—i kÎ“wRr `vm¸ß, evDj gb cÖKvkb; 1995)5. AvBRvK Avwmgf (Abyev`: cjvk eiY cvj, †kLi ¸n, Abyózc cÖKvkbx 1997)6. gvbe RvwZi Rxeb, c„w_ex I eªþv‡Êi Ð m~Îcv‡Ziv Kvwnbx w` dv÷© w_ª wgwbUmt wó‡db IqvBb evM© (Abyev`: †gv: b~i †mvjvqgvb, mgv‡ek, 2000)

7. gvbyl I gnvwek¦ t wkwki Kzgvi fÆvPvh©, mgq cÖKvkb, 20048. Av‡jv nv‡Z Pwjqv‡Q Avuav‡ii hvÎx t AwfwRr ivq, A¼zi cÖKvkbx, 20059. AvBb÷vBb Av‡cw¶KZv I gnvwek¦ t Wvt †R¨vwZg©q PÆcva¨vq, mvwnZ¨ kªx KwjKvZv, 199310. c`v_© we`¨vi weeZ©b t AvjevU© AvBb÷vBb, wjI‡cvì Bb‡dì (Abyev`. kÎ“wRr `vm¸ß, evDj gb cÖKvkb)11. Av‡c¶ev‡ì A Av K L t evUª©vÊ iv‡mj (Abyev`, kÎ“wRr `vm¸ß, evDj gb cÖKvkb)12. A History of Plilosophy : Frank Thilly (Central Publishing House, Allahabad, 1992)13. A Critical History of Western Philosophy (Edited by D.J.O. Connor), The Free press, New York.

* cÖe‡Ü Av‡jvP¨ welq¸‡jv bZzb bq, eû cvV‡KiB nq‡Zv Rvbv| Zey cÖeÜwU cÖKvwkZ n‡jv G Kvi‡Y †h A‡bK Z_¨vejx GK‡Î cvIqv wKš‘ mnR bq| mvaviY cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q wbðq GwU AvKl©Yxq n‡e |

gy³v‡š^lv

15

eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡k †gŠjev‡ì Ae¯’vb wK? G cÖkœ Zz‡jB Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i evsjv fvB Avi Zvi kvqL‡K duvwm‡Z Sywj‡qB wKsev Dw`Pxi mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡b †gxjev`x‡ì Avµg‡Yi wkKvi gyw³‡hv×v Rvm` †bZv Avwi‡di nZ¨vi wePv‡ii mgvwß‡Z A_ev 21†k AvM÷ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Rbmfvq cÖK…Z nvgjvKvix †gŠjev`x‡ì wei“‡× PvR©kxU w`‡qB †gŠjev`x‡ì †Mvov †K‡U †`qv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q? nq wb| Zvi cÖgvY ZË¡veavqK miKvi KZ…©K cÖ¯—vweZ bvix Dbœqb bxwZgvjv‡K †K›`ª K‡i †gvjv‡ì cv_i-BUcvU‡Kj †Qvivmn jvwV wb‡q mviv‡`‡k µgvMZ we‡¶vf wgwQ‡ji mfv mwgwZi mgv‡ek| miKv‡ii †eZbf~K Kg©Pvix n‡qI evqZzj †gvKii‡gi fvicÖvß LwZ‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ Kx fv‡e Bgv‡R©wÝi Aax‡b cÖwZev` msNwUZ nj? GB †gŠjev‡ì Avùvj‡b miKvi wcQy n‡U †NvlYv w`‡jb †h Bmjvg ev kwiqZ we‡ivax †Kvb wKQy bxwZgvjvq †bB, Ges Zv cix¶v wbix¶v Kivi `vwqZ¡ w`‡jb †Lv` Av‡›`vjbKvix †bZv evqZzj †gvKvii‡gi LwZ‡ei

†bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ †gŠjev`x KwgwU‡K| †Kvb †Kvb †gŠjev`x cÖeÜ iPbv K‡i Rvwb‡q w`‡jb †h, †h‡nZz Avgv‡ì msweav‡bi kx‡l© Ôwemwgjvnwni ingv‡bi iwngÕ †jLv Ges Avgv‡ì ivóªag© Bmjvg ZvB msweav‡b †gŠwjK AwaKvi m¤^‡Ü hvB †jLv _vK bv †Kb, evsjv‡`k GKwU Kvh©Z BmjvwgK I gymwjg ivóª| myZivs evsjv‡`‡k kwiqr, †Kvivb mybœvn& we‡ivax †Kvb AvBb cÖYqb Kiv Pj‡e bv| KwgwU bvix bxwZgvjvq Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb †Kvivb I kwiqZ we‡ivax A‡bK¸‡jv mvsNwl©K Dcv`vb| mycvwik Ki‡jb K‡qK`dv wb‡`©kvejx| †gŠjev`x‡ì RqRqKvi

i“L‡e †K ? †lvjKjv c~Y© nj|

†lvjKjv Aek¨ c~Y© n‡q‡Q A‡bKw`b Av‡MB Aš—Zt †`‡ki Ôfveg~wZ©Õi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z, hLb K‡qK eQi Av‡M evsjv fvB‡qi Bmjvgx R½x †meKiv cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q Suvwc‡q c‡owQj wbixn RbM‡Yi Ici Zv‡ì mk¯¿ †Pnviv wb‡q| fve evey †Zv Av‡MB wM‡qwQ‡jb, Ôg~wZ©Õ gvgvI hvB hvB KiwQ‡jb| wKQyKvj Av‡M †`‡ki cÖvq me KÕwU †Rjvq †R.Gg.we. evwnbxi GK‡hv‡M †evgv gnovi Ôgvgywj Pvc‡iiÕ ci ciB Abygvb Kiv nw”Qj Gevi mvg‡b eo †Kv‡bv wec` Avm‡Q| eyS‡Z cviwQjvg †h, mvg‡bi wecÙv †Kej gnov Avi wjd‡jU wewji g‡Zv Ôgvgywj Pvc‡iÕ mxgve× iB‡e bv| gvÎ w`b K‡q‡Ki eëav‡b `yÕRb wePviK nZ¨v Avi Zvici MvRxcyi Avi PÆMÖvg Av`vj‡Z ÔeyRyM© R½x‡ìÕ AvZ¥NvZx nvgjvi ci AvR Avi †eva nq Kv‡iv m‡›`n _vKvi K_v bq †h evsjv‡`k †gŠjev`xi Avkªq¯’j cvwK¯—vb Avi Zvwjevb‡ì AvdMvwb¯’v‡bi g‡Zv c~Y¨f‚wg‡Z cwiYZ n‡q †M‡Q; N‡U †M‡Q g~wZ© gvgvÕi mwjj mgvwa

e‡½vcmvM‡i | wÎk j¶ knx‡ì i‡³ AwR©Z Ô†mKy¨jviÕ Avi ÔMYZvwš¿KÕ e‡j Kw_Z evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv cÖvwßi †PŠwÎk eQi †c‡iv‡Z bv †c‡iv‡ZB ¶gZvwjáy AcwiYvg`k©x ivRbxwZwe`‡ì nv‡Z wK Ki“Y, gg©vwš—K cwiYwZ| evsjv‡`‡k msL¨vjNy‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi, cÖMwZkxj †jLK mvwnwZ¨K‡ì Dci wbcxob, †gŠjev`x‡ì AvMÖvmb I Gi µge„w× Ñ G ¸‡jv wb‡q †Zv cÖkœ wQjB, K‡qK eQi Av‡M Lv‡j`v wewei miKv‡ii Avg‡j ÔmyBmvBW †evw¤^sÕ Gi †Z‡Zv ¯^vÌ Avgv‡ì MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡qwQj, hv Avgv‡ì

Rw½‡ì AvZ¥NvZx †evgv nvgjv Avi fveg~wZ©i †lvjKjv1

AwfwRr ivq

gy³v‡š^lv

16

ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Av‡M KLbI wQ‡jv bv| mZ¨B Ôeo we¯§q jv‡MÕ| W. ûgvqyb AvRv‡ì gZB ¯^M‡Zvw³ Ki‡Z nq Ñ ÔAvgiv wK GB evsjv‡`k †P‡qwQjvg?Õ

hLb Avgiv ewm gy‡LvgywL, Avgv‡ì `kwU AvOzj ürwc‡Êi g‡Zv Kuvc‡Z _v‡K`kwU AvOz‡j, Avgv‡ì †Vuv‡Ui †Mvjvc wf‡R I‡V Avi³ wkwk‡i,hLb Avgiv Avðh© AvOz‡j R¡wj, hLb AvgivB ci¯ú‡ii ¯^vaxb ¯^‡`k,ZLb fz‡jI KL‡bv Avgv‡K Zzwg evOjv‡`‡ki K_v wR‡Ám K‡iv bv;Avwg Zv gyn‚‡Z©I mn¨ Ki‡Z cvwi bv, - Zvi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q|

†Zvgv‡K wgbwZ Kwi KL‡bv Avgv‡K Zzwg evOjv‡`‡ki K_v Zz‡j Kó w`‡qv bv|Rvb‡Z †P‡qv bv Zzwg bóåó Qvàv‡bœv nvRvi eM©gvB‡ji K_v, Zvi ivRbxwZ,A_©bxwZ, ag©, cvc, wg_¨vPvi, cv‡j cv‡j gbyl¨gÊwj, Rxebhvcb, nZ¨v, al©Y,ga¨hy‡Mi w`‡K A‡Üi g‡Zvb hvÎv m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ KÕ‡i Avgv‡K cxob †Kv‡iv bv;Avwg Zv gyn‚‡Z©I mn¨ Ki‡Z cvwi bv, - Zvi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q| ...

A_P evsjv‡`‡ki GB A‡avMgb (A‡avMgb Qvov Avi wKB ejv hvq G‡K?) †h †evSv hvw”Q‡jv bv Zv †Zv bq| AvjvgZ hv wQ‡jv Zv Lye ¯úóB| Ggb †Zv bq †h PÆMÖvg Avi MvRxcy‡ii GB †evgv nvgjvi Av‡M mš¿v‡mi avivwU ¯úó wQ‡jv bv| †evSv Avm‡j hvw”Qj A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi gywb Fwliv bvwK fyZ-fwel¨‡Zi bvbv NUbv mwVKfv‡e Abygv‡bi bvbv wKwm‡gi iv¯—v †ei K‡iwQ‡jb| †hgb, †auvqv †`‡L AwMœ-cÖ¾¡j‡bi Abygvb, Mf© †`‡L AZxZ ˆg_y‡bi Abygvb, AvR‡Ki mycyi“ó exR †`‡L fwel¨‡Zi djevb e„‡¶i Abygvb .... BZ¨vw`| G ai‡bi bvbv Abygv‡bi D`vniY cvIqv hvq cÖvPxb ÔPiK mswnZvÕq| gywb-Fwliv †KD Aš—h©vgx wQ‡jb bv| Zviv mgKvjxb mv`vgvUv NUbv †mªd wbweofv‡e ch©‡e¶Y K‡iwQ‡jb Avi NUbvgvjv‡K G‡Ki c‡i GK mvwR‡qwQ‡jb BwZnv‡mi cwiµgvq| G¸‡jv Ki‡Z

i‡KU mv‡qw›U÷ n‡Z nq bv, AvBb÷vB‡bi g‡Zv weij cÖwZfvi ìKvi nq bv, hv jv‡M Zv LyeB mvaviYÑK‡ivwUi wb‡P a~mi e‡Y©i c`v_©UzKz hv‡K PjwZ K_vq Avgiv ewj ÔwNjyÕ Avi GKUzLvwb ÔKgb †mÝ ev mvaviY ÁvbÕ| I `y‡UviB eo Afve wQj Lv‡j`v-wbRvgxi Rvgvbvq bB‡j †gŠjev‡ì †auvqv †Zv ïay bq, G‡Kev‡i cÖ¾¡wjZ Av¸b †`‡LI wK †KD ÔgWv‡iU gymwjg iv‡óªiÕ ZKgv Gu‡U my‡L wèv¯^cœ †`L‡Z _v‡K eQ‡ii ci eQi? Avi †gŠjev‡ì exR ïay bq, evo-evoš— e„¶‡K †KD gixwPKv †f‡e fzj

K‡i?†mB 1999 mv‡ji 6B gvP© D`xPxi Mv‡bi Abyôv‡b †evgv nvgjvq gviv †Mj 10 Rb Avi AvnZ n‡jv kÕLv‡bK †jvK Avi Zvi ciciB hLb wmwcwei mfvq †evgv nvgjv nj ZLbB Av¸‡bi AuvP †Ui cvIqv wM‡qwQ‡jv| Gi Av‡M 1999 mv‡j 16B †deª“qvwi Zvwi‡L Kzwóqvi †`ŠjZcyi _vbvi Kvwj`vmcyi cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji gq`v‡b Rvm‡ì Rbmfvq mš¿vmx‡ì eªvkdvqv‡i Rvm` †bZv gyw³‡hv×v KvRx Av‡id mfv¯’‡jB wbnZ nb| m¤cÖwZ nvB‡Kv‡U©i GK iv‡q 9Rb mš¿vmxi g„Z¨`Ê envj †i‡L‡Q (mgKvj 6/08/08)| †evSv hvw”Q‡jv †h, †ivcb Kiv n‡q †M‡Q wele„‡¶i PvivwU, GLb ïay dj‡bi A‡c¶v| Gj 2001 Gi 14B GwcÖj - cqjv êkvL| igbv eUg~‡ji Ô‡e-kwiqwZÕ Mvb evRbvi Abyôvb‡K †e‡Q †bIqv nj †gŠjev‡ì Avµg‡Yi cieZ©x wbkvbv wn‡m‡e| †mLv‡bI gviv †Mj `k Rb| GKRb AcivaxI aiv coj bv| GB avivwU‡K G‡Kev‡i cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc †`qv nj 2001 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡bvËi †RvU miKvi ¶gZvq Avmvi ci †_‡KÑhLb msL¨vjNy‡ì Dci wbwe©Pv‡i AZ¨vPvi wbcxob ïi“ nj Avi Ae¨vnZ avivq Pj‡Z _vKj mviv 2002 mvj Aewa| Avm‡j ïaygvÎ ÔAZ¨vPviÕ Avi ÔwbcxobÕ ej‡j †eva nq fqvenZvi gvÎvUv †evSv hv‡e bv| wbe©vP‡bi cieZ©x K‡qKgv‡m wVK wK n‡qwQj, Zv †evSv hv‡e MvwW©qv‡b cÖKvwkZ Rb fvB`v‡ji `Rape and torture empties the

villages' (July 21, 2003) GKwU cÖeÜ c‡o wb‡jB| cÖeÜwU‡Z AZ¨š— gg©¯úk©xfvlvq eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q c~wY©gv ivYxi g‡Zv nZfvM¨‡ì Dci †m mgq wK iKgfv‡e MYal©‡Yi w÷g‡ivjvi Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQ‡jv| ïaygvÎ c~wY©gv ivYxB GKgvÎ wkKvi bb,

gy³v‡š^lv

17

fvB`v‡ji g‡Z wbe©vP‡bvËi wZb gv‡m WRb‡K WRb msL¨vjNy m¤úÖ`v‡qi gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, Aš—Zt GK nvRvi gwnjv‡K al©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q Avi K‡qK nvRvi †jv‡Ki Rwg-Rgv †K‡o †bIqv n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi wi‡cvU© ïay MvwW©qv‡b ev wn›`y¯’vb UvBg‡m bq, cvkvcvwk cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj †WBwj ÷vi, cÖ_g Av‡jv, msev`, RbKÉ, †fv‡ii KvMR mn †`‡ki mKj kxl©¯’vbxq cwÎKv¸‡jv‡Z| GgbwK †gŠjev`x Avi miKvi mgw_©Z cwÎKv BbwKjve Avi msMÖvgI

G‡Kev‡i ev` hvqwb| gy³-gbvi (www.mukto-

mona.com) XvKv wbevmx m`mïv cÖMwZkxj eyw×Rex‡ì wb‡q ÔbvMwiK AwaKvi msi¶Y I mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUÕi e¨vbv‡i †fvjv †Rjvq Abœ`vcÖmv` bv‡gi GKwU MÖv‡g m‡iRwg‡b ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jv| Z‡e ch©‡e¶YB ïay D‡Ïk¨ wQ‡jv bv, †m mv‡_ Kg©m~wP †Ìqv n‡qwQ‡jv hviv mv¤úÖ`vwqK wbcxo‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Avw_©K I gvbwmKfv‡e mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv| Zv‡ì cvVv‡bv cÖwZ‡e`‡b †m mg‡qi †h Qwe D‡V G‡m‡Q Zv mwZ¨B gg©¯úk©x| Avgv‡ì mn‡hvMx cÖwZôvb Avwmd mv‡jnÕi †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ Ô`„wócvZÕ †m mgq Zvrch©gq f~wgKv †i‡LwQj| gy³gbvq cÖKvwkZ Wt

ARq iv‡qi `Trip To Bhola: Ananda Prasad

Cries in Silence & Anguish' wk‡ivbv‡gi cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q Abœ`vcÖmv` MÖv‡g NUbvi

fqvenZv GgbwK GKvË‡ii w`b¸wj‡KI nvi gvbvq :

`The story is harrowing as is gradually revealed to us by those who went through these horror continued for two days. They recalled that even in the worst days of 1971 when Pakistani soldiers were committing sin against Bengali population number of enmasse raping was very limited compared to what happened in Ananda Prasad.'

Guiv MVb K‡iwQ‡jb ÔMYZ`š— KwgkbÕ Ges cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †mB mgq (2002) GK Z_¨wbô mvnmx cÖwZ‡e`b| bvbv NUbv-`yN©Ubvq †cvo LvIqv AwfÁR‡biv ZLbB ejwQ‡jb, †`‡k GKUv bqv †gi“KiY ïi“ n‡q‡Q| gy³-gbvi wKQz mvnmx m`m¨

wewfbœ †dviv‡g Avi Ab-jvBb cÎ-cwÎKvq Av‡iKUz GwM‡q wM‡q †m mgq ej‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb Ñ ÔAvm‡j G AvjvgZ Lye cwi®‹vi; †`k Avm‡j ÔZvwjevwbR‡giÕ w`‡K hv‡”Q| †`kUv‡K Avevi cvwK¯—vb evbv‡bvi cuvhZviv ïi“ n‡q †M‡Q|Õ Avgv‡ì A‡b‡KB †m mgq B›Uvi‡b‡Ui wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKvq G ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welqwU wb‡q †jLv‡jwL ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb m½Z Kvi‡YB| wKš‘ wjL‡j wK n‡e, miKvi ZLb Ô†`k‡cÖwgKÕ ÔDevi GwjmÕ †m‡R e‡m Av‡Q| miKvi c¶ †_‡K e³e¨ †`qv nj GB e‡j †h †`‡ki evB‡i GKwU Ôevsjv‡`k we‡ivax KzPµx gnjÕ †`‡ki fveg~wZ© ¶zzYœ Kivi Ac‡Póvq wjß n‡q‡Q| †m mgqKvi cÖavbgš¿x †eMg Lv‡j`v wewe RbMY‡K G wel‡q m‡PZb _vKvi civgk© w`‡q †ek wKQz R¡vjvgqx fvlYI w`‡qwQ‡jb| iwU‡q †`qv nj hviv †`‡ki fveg~wZ© ¶zYœ Kivi Ac‡Póvq wjß Av‡Q Zviv nq fvi‡Zi ÔiÕ‡qi, bq‡Zv Bm&ªvB‡ji Ô‡gvmv‡ìÕ Avi bv nq Av‡gwiKvi wm.AvB.†qi G‡R›U!| Avi ivRv hZ bv e‡j cvwil` e‡j Zvi kZ¸Y| Zv n‡e bvB ev †Kb, evsjv‡`‡k memgq Pzjvi †P‡q ZvIqv Mig _v‡K †ewk, Avi _v‡K m~‡h©i †P‡q evwj Mig! weGbwcÕi eo eo gv_v¸‡jv e¨vwi÷vi gI`y` An‡g`, e¨v bv û`v, msL¨vjNy Zv‡e`vi M‡qk¦i ivq cÖgyL‡ì Ici Ômygnvb `vwqZ¡Õ Awc©Z n‡jv Kx fv‡e †`k‡`ªvnx‡ì ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i †`‡ki üZ fveg~wZ© D×vi Kiv hvq| GgbwK ÔgWv‡iU gymwjgÕ weGbwc gš¿x mvBdzi ingvbI msL¨vjNy‡ì Dci wbcxo‡bi NUbvmg~n‡K m¤ú~Y© A¯^xKvi K‡i †mmgq e‡jwQ‡jb t

ÔGKwU civwRZ `j, Z_vKw_Z eyw×Rxexiv mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv mn wewfbœ Bmy¨‡Z nBPB Ki‡QÕ| (ˆ`wbK msev`, 27 b‡f¤î, 2001)

GK Kv‡ji fvmvbx f³ gvbœvb f‚uBqvI GKB my‡i

†M‡q DV‡jb:

ÔGKwU gnj msL¨vjNy‡ì wb‡q †h †bvsiv ivRbxwZ Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q RbMY Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q|Õ (28 wW‡m¤î, 2001)G‡ì cvkvcvwk dinv` gRnv‡ii g‡Zv GK‡kªYxi Ô†cvlv eyw×RxexÕiv (Avm‡j QÙ‡ekx fviZ I wn›`y

gy³v‡š^lv

18

we‡ivax) †Zv wQ‡jbB, Rj †Nvjv Ki‡Z| gRnvi GK cÖwZwôZ ˆ`wb‡K Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Lvivc LeiÕ bv‡g GKwU cÖe‡Ü ejv ïi“ Ki‡jb, msL¨vjNy m¤úÖ`v‡qi Dci wbh©vZb bq, evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Avmj Lvivc Lei n‡jv †`‡ki evB‡i wKQz gn‡ji †`‡ki mybvg ¶zYœ Kivi Ac‡Póv! Avi h_vixwZ wZwb GB Ac‡Póvi †cQ‡b fviZxq bxj b·v Avwe®‹vi K‡i †d‡jwQ‡jb Ñ Avi GB gnZx Avwe®‹v‡ii Rb¨ ZLbB Zv‡K kvwš—i †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi †`qv DwPZ nZ| Avd‡kvl| Avš—R©vwZK we‡k¦I ZZw`‡b †gŠjev`, Rw½ev` Avi mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi _vev emv‡Z ïi“ K‡i w`‡q‡Q cy‡ivgvÎvq| †Lv` Av‡gwiKvq N‡U †M‡Q ¯§iYKv‡ji fqven NUbv Ñ bvBb-B‡j‡fb, 2001 mv‡j| fvi‡Zi ¸Riv‡UI N‡U‡Q ¯§iYKv‡ji fqven `v½v| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki ¯^cœ-wejvmxiv Avcb g‡b wèv¯^‡cœ gk¸j wQ‡jb G †f‡e †h Avgv‡ì †`kUv n‡”Q Ô¯^cœcyixÕ Ñ m¤úÖxwZi †`k, Avgiv nw”Q †èZzj¨ ÔgWv‡iU gymwjgÕ RvwZ, Avgv‡ì †`‡k `v½v-d¨vmv`-wRnv`x †evw¤^s KLbI n‡e bv| wKš‘ ¯^cœ wejvmx‡ì ¯^cœ-my‡L cÖ_g e¨vNvZ NUj hLb evwU©j wjbUvi bv‡gi GK mvsevw`‡Ki †jLv `Bangladesh: A Cocoon of Terror' bv‡gi GKwU cÖeÜ dvi B÷vb© B‡KvbwgK wiwfD Rvb©v‡j cÖKvwkZ nj 2002 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡mi 4 ZvwiL| †jLK Zvi cÖe‡Ü Lye ¯úó K‡iB e‡jwQ‡jb ÔAvjvgZ hv †`LwQ Zv‡Z †Zv g‡b n‡”Q †mKz¨jvi Avi gWv‡iU kw³i Ae¯’v †`‡k wecbœ| ag©vÜ mv¤úÖ`vwqK kw³‡K hw` GLbB k³ nv‡Z `gb bv Kiv hvq †Zv †`‡ki fwel¨r mZ¨B AÜKviÕ| G K_vq †Kv_vq miKv‡ii UbK bo‡e Zv bh, miKvix Avgjv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i KjgevR eyw×Rxex ch©š— mevB Svwc‡q co‡jb wjbUv‡ii Dci| †`‡ki mgm¨v wb‡q wePwjZ bv n‡q eyK wPwZ‡q ùvwo‡q co‡jb wjbUv‡ii PwiÎ nb‡b Ñ wbðqB e¨vUv wm.AvB.Gi G‡R›U, njy` mvsevw`KZv K‡i, evsjv‡`k-we‡Ølx, Z_¨ mš¿vmx BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`| evsjv‡`‡ki Ôfveg~wZ©Õ i¶vKvixi IB ZvwjKvq GgbwK †WBwj ÷v‡ii gvndzR Avbvg †_‡K ïi“ K‡i ÔwbD GRÕ Gi Avi GK KjvgevR mvsevw`K cÖqvZ Gbv‡qZzjøvn Lvb mK‡jB wQ‡jb| GKB NUbvi cybive„wË †`L‡Z †cjvg hLb G‡j· †cixi Z_vKw_Z Ôevsjv‡`k we‡ivaxÕ cÖeÜ `Deadly Cargo' cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj wbDBqK© UvBg‡m Ñ 2002 mv‡ji

A‡±vei gv‡mi 21 Zvwi‡L| fxgMR©‡b ivR‰bwZK we‡klK eyw×Rxweiv Svwc‡q co‡jb AviI GKevi †`‡ki ÔB‡gRÕ i¶vq| e¨wZµg wQ‡jb Gw`K Iw`K Qwo‡q _vKv Av‡e` Lvb-gyš—vmxi gvgy‡biv, W. ARq ivq, W. gykviid †nv‡mb (A_©bxwZwe`), Aa¨vcK wRjyi ingvb, W. Avwbmy¾vgv‡bi gZ mvnmx eyw×Rxexiv, gd¯^‡ji AKz‡Zvfq-RxebevRx ivLv mvsevw`K eÜziv, Avi B›Uvi‡b‡Ui wKQz gy³-gbv †jLKiv| Avwg †m mgq gy³-gbvq Ôhyw³i Av‡jvq †`‡ki fveg~wZ© Ges †`k‡cÖgÕ bv‡gi GKwU cÖeÜ wj‡LwQjvg evsjvq| †m cÖe‡Ü Avwg Zz‡j a‡iwQjvg †`k‡cÖ‡gi †hŠw³K msÁv| e‡jwQjvg, †`k gv‡b †`‡ki gvwU bq, †`k‡cÖg gv‡b KLbI †`‡ki gvwUi cÖwZ ev cÖvYnxb b`x-bvjv Avi cvnvo-ce©‡Zi Rb¨ fvjevmv n‡Z cv‡i bv| †`k‡cÖg gv‡b nIqv DwPr †`‡ki gvby‡li cÖwZ †cÖg; jvwÃZ, ewÂZ Ae‡nwjZ MYgvby‡li cÖwZ fvjevmv| iv‡óªi GKwU cÖavbZg Dcv`vb nj Rbmgwó| GB Rbmgwó‡K ev` w`‡q ïay cÖvYnxb b`x-bvjv, Lvj-wej, cvnvo-ce©Z Avi gvwUi cÖwZ fvjevmv m„wó‡K Avi hvB ejv †nvK, Ô‡`k‡cÖgÕ e‡j AwfwnZ Kivi †Kvb †hŠw³KZv †bB| D×„wZ nvwRi K‡iwQjvg iex›`ªbv‡_i, AvBb÷vB‡bi Avi nvj Avg‡ji hyw³ev`x cÖexi †Nv‡li †jLv †_‡K; †`wL‡qwQjvg Ô‡`k‡cÖgIÕ †kl ch©š— n‡q `vuovq GKUv WMgvB, hw` `My country, right or wrong' `wc©Z GB bxwZ‡Z wek¦vm Kwi| wKš‘ †K †kv‡b Kvi K_v! gMR †e‡P-†Ìqv eyw×Rxex‡ì Kv‡Q ZLb gvbweKZvi †P‡q †`‡ki fveg~wZ©UvB wQj eo! Zviv g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb, †`‡ki gvby‡li Dci Lyb-al©Y-wbcxob-wbh©vZb hvB †nvK bv †Kb Kv‡c©‡Ui wb‡P G me Z_¨ cy‡i †i‡L †`k‡K †h †Kvb g~‡j¨ Dc‡i Zz‡j a‡i ivLvi bvgB n‡”Q Ô†`k‡cÖgÕ! †hgb, ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi gvgjvq kvnwiqvi Kwei‡K †MÖdZv‡ii KviY wn‡m‡e miKvi c¶ †_‡K ejv n‡qwQj:

Ôwbe©vP‡bi Av‡M I c‡i msL¨vjNy‡ì wb‡q mwPÎ cÖwZ‡e`b ‰Zwi K‡i kvnwiqvi Kwei †`‡ki fveg~wZ© ¶zYœ K‡i‡Qb|Õ (ˆ`wbK RbKÉ, 24 b‡f¤î, 2001)

A_©vr msL¨vjNy‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi-wbcxob, wbh©vZb G †¶‡Î †`k‡cÖwgK miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Aciva e‡j MY¨ nqwb, MY¨ n‡q‡Q msL¨vjNy‡ì wb‡q ÔmwPÎ

gy³v‡š^lv

19

cÖwZ‡e`bÕ ˆZwi Kiv| G †hb Avgv‡ì wnUjv‡ii Rvgvbvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| wnUjv‡ii Rvg©vbxi RvZxq m½xZwU nj Ñ`Deutschland über Alles' | Gi gv‡b ùvovq Ñ `Germany is Above All' (Rvg©vbx mevi Dc‡i)| Kv‡RB Ôevsjv‡`k Devi GwjmÕ wm‡Ûªv‡g Avµvš— †`k‡cÖwg‡KivI wVK Ki‡jb †h †Kvb g~‡j¨ evsjv‡`k‡K Ômevi Dc‡iÕ (über Alles) ivL‡Z n‡e, Zv hZ mnmª ixZv c~wY©gv ivbxivB MYal©‡Yi wkKvi †nvK bv †Kb| Avwg e‡jwQjvg G ai‡bi †`k‡cÖg gvbyl‡K ÔgvbweKÕ bv K‡i Avm‡j m¼xY© K‡i Zz‡j| Avi G K_v †Zv RvbvB †h, ÔmsKxY© RvwZ‡cÖgB ¯^v_©ciZvi m~ÎcvZ, Avi ¯^v‡_©i mgvwß AcNv‡ZÕ| wnUjvi, †b‡cvwjqvb, gy‡mvwjwb, mvÏv‡gi D`vniY¸‡jv †`L‡j †evSv hvq AÜ‡`k‡cÖg Avi RvZxqZv‡eva Kx fv‡e GKwU gvbyl‡K `vb‡e cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| hyw³ w`‡q, D`vniY w`‡q †evSvjvg Rb¥f‚wgi cÖwZ D`MÖ †gvn me mgq wKš‘ fvj bq| †gvjviv †Zv e‡UB Ô‡mKz¨jviÕ e‡j `vwe`vi cÖMwZgbviv ch©š— †mw`b gy³-gbv‡ì GB ai‡bi U¨veyi evB‡ii AcÖPwjZ K_vevZ©v nRg Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| h_vixwZ Avgv‡ì cyi®‹…Z Kiv nj ÔiÕ Gi G‡R›U, Bû`x‡ì Ô†gvmv`Õ Avi bv nq Av‡gwiKvi wm.AvB.Gi G‡R›U BZ¨Kvi bvbv Awfavq AwfwnZ K‡i!Zvici M½v-cÙv-hgybv-†gNbvi Ici w`‡q A‡bK Rj e‡q †M‡Q| iƒcK_vi ivRcy‡Îi g‡Zv ivRkvnxi evNgviv GjvKv †_‡K DwÌZ n‡jb Ñ GK gyw³`vZv †gŠjev‡ì eicyÎ Ôevsjv fvBÕ| †m mgq gv‡mi ci gvm Ry‡o Ôevsjv fvB‡KÕ w`‡q wmwiR AvKv‡i m¤úv`Kxq wj‡LwQj †`‡ki mKj msev`cÎ| evsjv fvB‡qi K¨vWvi‡ì gvbyl †g‡i Mv‡Q Szwj‡q ivLv, wKsev wZb UzK‡iv K‡i jvk ev·ew›` K‡i ivLvi Lei djvI K‡i cÖPvwiZ n‡jI Ôevsjv fvBÕ wKš‘ †m mgq envj Zweq‡Z Zvi Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q †M‡Qb Zv‡K †MÖßvi Kiv nq wb Z`vbxš—b cÖavb gš¿x †eMg Lv‡j`vi wb‡`©k m‡Ë¡I| GLb †Zv ¯úó †h †m wb‡`©k wQj ïayB †jvK †`Lv‡bv Ñ we‡`kx `~Zvev‡mi Zzwói j‡¶¨ wQj avàvevRx| †m mgq †RvU miKv‡ii gš¿x gwZDi ingvb wbRvgx, Ggwc gydwZ dRjyj nK Avwgbx ej‡jb Ñ Ôevsjv fvB e‡j wKQz †bB Ñ GUv wgwWqvi m„wó|Õ Avevi Pvi`jxq †RvU †bZv †gŠjvbv gwnDwÏb Av‡iv GK wWMÖx evwo‡q e‡jwQ‡jb : Ôevsjv

fvB I kvqL Ave`yi ingv‡biv gnr KvR Ki‡QÕ (mvßvwnK 2000, cÖ”Q` cÖwZ‡e`b, 25 b‡f¤î, 2005)| Zv GZ †h ÔgnrÕ gvbyl Zv‡K cywjk ai‡e †Kb! †mRb¨ †`Lv †M‡Q AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GK †bZv‡K nZ¨vi Awf‡hv‡M evsjv fvB‡K bvwK GKevi †MÖdZviI Kiv n‡qwQj, wKš‘ cywjk Zv‡K †Q‡o w`‡qwQj Dwb ÔBmjvgx eyRyM©Õ e‡j (mvßvwnK g„`yfvlY, 29 AvM÷, 2005)| evsjv fvB‡K wb‡q wdPvi K‡i GwjRv wMÖmIì wbDBqK© UvBg‡m GKwU cÖeÜ

wjL‡jb `The Next Islamist Revolution' 2006 mv‡ji 27 G Rvbyqvwi‡Z| h_vixwZ †`‡ki cÖej cÖfvekvjx ÔB‡gR-i¶v-Ki‡bIqvjvivÕ wMÖmI‡ìi wi‡cvU© cÖZ¨vLvb K‡iwQ‡jb, Avi †`‡ki fveg~wZ© G‡Kev‡i D¾¡j †_‡K D¾¡jZi K‡i w`‡jb Qqk Iqv‡Ui evj¦ R¡vwj‡q!B‡Zvg‡a¨B D¾¡j fveg~wZ©i bgybv wn‡m‡e wcÖwÝcvj †Mvcvj K…ò gûix Lyb n‡q‡Qb, aicvKo Avi wbh©vZb Pvjvb n‡qwQj kvnwiqvi Kwei, gybZvmxi gvgyb, mvjxg mvgv`‡ì Ici| evsjv GKv‡Wgxi eB †gjvi mvg‡b PvcvwZi AvNv‡Z ¶Z-we¶Z n‡q‡Qb e‡iY¨ K_v mvwnwZ¨K fvlvwe` W. ûgvqyb AvRv`| mgq mgq cÖvYbv‡ki nvgjv n‡q‡Q eìæ‡ÏvRv †PŠayix, W. Kvgvj †nv‡mb, myiwÄZ †mb¸ß, W. gwnDwÏb Lvb AvjgMxi Ges wgm †Rey‡bœmvi gZb e¨w³e‡M©i Ici| G‡jvcv_vwi ¸wj‡Z wbnZ n‡q‡Qb Avnmvb Djøvn gv÷vi| nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q gvwbK mvnv, ûgvqyb Kwei evjy, `xc¼i ZvjyK`vi cÖgyL mvnmx ‡ek KÕRb mvsevw`K‡ì| †MÖ‡bW nvgjv n‡q‡Q weªwUk nvB Kwgkbvi Av‡bvqvi †PŠayixi Dci, †gqi eì DÏxb Avng` Kvgiv‡bi Mvwo‡Z, XvKvq e½eÜz GwfwbD‡Z

21†k AvM‡÷ (2005) AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mgv‡e‡k, e‡Uk¦‡i Avi †kl ch©š— nweM‡Ä AvIqvgx jxM †bZv A_©bxwZwe` wKewiqvi mgv‡e‡k| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡bvqvi †PŠayix cÖvq A‡jŠwKKfv‡e i¶v †c‡jI g„Zz¨‡K Gov‡Z cv‡ib wb AvBwf ingvb wKsev cÖv³b A_©gš¿x kvn G Gg Gm wKewiqv|

wKewiqv nZ¨vKv‡Êi ciciB Avwg GKwU †QvU cÖeÜ wjwL ˆ`wbK †fv‡ii KvM‡R ÔwKewiqvi g„Zz¨‡Z GK cÖevmx evOvjxi fvebvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g (11 †deªæqvwi, 2005)| †mLv‡b Avwg bw_cÎ †N‡U wn‡me w`‡qwQjvg : 1999 mv‡j D`xPxi Dci nvgjvi ci

gy³v‡š^lv

20

AevK e¨vcvi n‡”Q †evgv nvgjv wKš‘ KLbIB N‡Uwb †Mvjvg

AvR‡gi Mvwo‡Z, wbRvgxi evwo‡Z, mvKv †PŠayixi †g‡qi we‡q‡Z wKsev

Lv‡j`v wRqvi †Kvb Rbmfvq| me¸‡jv nvgjvB n‡q‡Q nq c‡njv êkvL (igbv eUg~j), wm‡bgv nj, hvÎv, bvP-Mv‡bi gnr Ô†mKz¨jviÕ (co–b kixqZ-we‡ivax) Abyôv‡b, bqZ cÖMwZkxj (co–b ÔKv‡diÕ, Ôgybv‡dKÕ wKsev ÔfviZxq PiÕ)

e¨w³Z¡ wKsev msMV‡bi Dci| G nvgjv I wnsmvZ¥K AvµgY¸‡jv wK

wQj †bnvr KvKZvjxq?†_‡K wKewiqv nZ¨vKvÊ ch©š— 18wU eo eo †evgv nvgjvq †gvU 141 Rb gviv †M‡Qb Avi AvnZ n‡q‡Qb 1 nvRvi 83 Rb| †Lv` wm‡jU wefv‡MB N‡U‡Q AvUwUiI †ewk †MÖ‡bW Avi †evgv nvgjv| wKš‘ AevK e¨vcvi n‡”Q †evgv nvgjv wKš‘ KLbIB N‡Uwb †Mvjvg AvR‡gi Mvwo‡Z, wbRvgxi evwo‡Z, mvKv †PŠayixi †g‡qi we‡q‡Z wKsev Lv‡j`v wRqvi †Kvb Rbmfvq| me¸‡jv nvgjvB n‡q‡Q nq c‡njv êkvL (igbv eUg~j), wm‡bgv nj, hvÎv, bvP-Mv‡bi gnr Ô†mKz¨jviÕ (co–b kixqZ-we‡ivax) Abyôv‡b, bqZ cÖMwZkxj (co–b ÔKv‡diÕ, Ôgybv‡dKÕ wKsev ÔfviZxq PiÕ) e¨w³Z¡ wKsev msMV‡bi Dci| G nvgjv I wnsmvZ¥K AvµgY¸‡jv wK wQj †bnvr KvKZvjxq?KvKZvjxq †h bq, Zv †evSv †Mj cieZ©x NUbvgvjv we‡klY K‡iB| 2006 mv‡ji 17B AvM÷ evsjv‡`‡ki me¸‡jv †Rjvq GK bvMv‡o cÖvq 500wU †evgvi gnov †èvi ci Zv‡ì †PvL coj ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ÔwePvi eë¯’vÕi Dci| cÖ_‡g Av‡µv‡ki wkKv‡i cÖvY w`‡jb kªx RMbœv_ cuv‡o Avi †mv‡nj Avn‡g` †PŠayix, wbgœ Av`vj‡Zi `yÕRb gvbbxq wePviK| Zvici w`b K‡q‡Ki g‡a¨B Avav N›Uvi eëav‡b `yB AvZ¥NvwZ †evgv nvgjvq cÖvY nviv‡jb

MvRxcyi Avi PÆMÖvg Av`vj‡Z †Z‡iv Rb| Qv‡cvlv wePviK‡ì Dci Rw½‡ì GZUv Av‡µvk †KbÑ G wb‡q ZË¡ AvD‡o gv_vi Pzj wQuo‡ZB cv‡ib †cvo LvIqv ÔivR‰bwZK we‡klKÕiv| Z‡e Avgvi mvaviY Ávb e‡j, wVK †h Kvi‡Y igbv eUg~j‡K Avi wm‡bgv nj‡K Ô†e-kwiqZxÕ RvqMv g‡b K‡i, wVK †m Kvi‡YB Av`vjZ cvov‡KI †e-Bmjvgx g‡b K‡i Zviv| Zviv †Zv evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxb wePvi eë¯’vi e`‡j ga¨hyMxq kixqv AvBb ejer Ki‡Z Pvq, Pvq Zvwjevb‡ì gZb Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’v| hviv Zvwjevbx Rw½ kvmb Pvq, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †Zv ¯^vaxb †mKz¨jvi wePvi-eë¯’vi gvbbxq wePvi‡Kiv kÎ“ wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡ebB| †`‡ki G Zvwjevbx Ae¯’v GKw`‡b M‡o I‡Vwb| Rw½ev‡ì Pvl ïi“ n‡q‡Q AZ¨š— m‡PZbfv‡eB Ges mh‡Zœ ZLbKvi Pvi`jxq miKvix c„ô‡cvlKZvq| AvR GwU ev¤úvi djb w`‡”Q| Bmjvgx HK¨‡RvU †bZv kvqLyj nvw`m gIjvbv AvwRRyj n‡Ki mv¶vrKvi †bIqv n‡qwQj mvßvwnK 2000 Gi c¶ †_‡K 1997 mv‡j| †mw`b GB gIjvbv ¯úó K‡iB e‡jwQ‡jb, Bmjvgx kvmb Kv‡q‡gi Rb¨ Zviv me©vZ¥K hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡”Qb| Zvwjevbiv Zv‡ì Rb¨ Av`k©| ZrKvjxb AvIqvgx jxM miKvi ZLb G e¨vcviwU‡K †gv‡UI Avg‡j †bb wb| Gi dj Zviv nv‡Z bv‡Z †c‡q‡Q| miKv‡ii GB D`vmxbZvi my‡hvM wb‡q R½xev` †mB †h mu~P n‡q XzK‡jv, AvR dvj n‡q †ei n‡”Q| ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jvi 18B A‡±vei (2005) wi‡cv‡U© cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q m¤úÖwZ wbwl× †NvwlZ niKvZzj wRnv‡ì ZË¡veav‡b Avwki `k‡K evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖvq wZb nvRvi gv`ªvmvi QvÎ-wk¶K wRnv`x †Rv‡k DØy× n‡q †mvwf‡qZ evwnbxi wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Z AvdMvwb¯’v‡b wM‡qwQj| †m mg‡qi Gikv` miKvi wK Zv Rvb‡Zb bv? Rvb‡Zb, wKš‘ †R‡bI Avm‡j bv Rvbvi fvb K‡i‡Qb| 1992 mv‡j cvwK¯—vb Avi AvdMvwb¯’v‡bi hy‡× Ask †bIqv niKvZzj wRnv‡ì m`mïv †`‡k wd‡i Av‡m Avi †`‡ki cÖZ¨š— AÂ‡j Qwo‡q c‡o| 1996 mv‡ji 19†k †deªæqvwi niKvZzj wRnv‡ì 41 Rb Rw½ A¯¿k¯¿ I †MÖ‡bW mn aiv c‡o wKš‘ mevB D”P Av`vjZ †_‡K Rvwgb wb‡q cvwj‡q hvq| 1998 mvj †_‡K Zviv DËivÂ‡ji wewfbœ †Rjvq mvsMVwbK KvR ïi“ K‡iwQj, M‡o Zz‡jwQj ÔwKZ¡vj evwnbxÕ Avi c‡i ÔRvgvZzj gyRvwnwÏbÕ bv‡gi Rw½evwnbx; ïi“ K‡iwQj

gy³v‡š^lv

21

m`m¨ mßvn Avi cÖwk¶Y †Ìqvi KvR| msMV‡bi †K‡›`ª _v‡Kb GK ÔkvqLÕ ev ¸i“ bvgavix R‰bK Ave`yi ingvb| wZwb KzL¨vZ evsjv fvB‡qi ¸i“, Ggb wK ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK Avmv`yjøvn Mvwj‡eiI wQ‡jb GKRb ¸i“ ev kvqL| GB Wt Mvwj‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ Avn‡j nvw`m †Mvôxi GKvsk Kx fv‡e mwnsm Bmjvgcš’x R½x‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQj †m KvwnbxI †eva nq cÎ-cwÎKvi Kj¨v‡Y GLb mK‡ji Rvbv| DËivÂ‡ji 16wU †Rjv mn Lyjbv, Kzwóqv, Rvgvjcyi I bvivqYMÄ GjvKvq Mvwj‡ei GB Avn‡j nvw`‡mi hye msMV‡bi gva¨‡g mš¿vmev`x `j¸‡jv `ª“Z we¯—vi jvf K‡i| cÖ_g Av‡jvi 18 A‡±vei, 2005 mv‡ji wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx †Lv` evsjv‡`‡kB 29wU wKsev ZviI †ewk Rw½ msMV‡bi Aw¯—Z¡ i‡q‡Q (mvßvwnK g„`yfvl‡Yi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx GB msL¨v 77), Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU nj t RvgvZzj gyRvwnw`b, RvMÖZ gymwjg RbZv, kvnv`vZ-B Avj wnKgv, niKvZzj wRnv` Avj Bmjvgx, knx` bmi“jvn Avj AvivdvZ we‡MÖW, wnReyZ ZvIwn`, RvgvqvZ-B Bqvwnqv, Avj ZzivZ, Avj nvivZ Avj Bmjvwgqv, RvgvZzj dvjvBqv ZvIwnw` RbZv, wek¦ Bmjvgx d«›U, Ry¤§vZzj Avj mv`vZ, kvnv`vZ-B-beyIqZ, Avjvn&i `j, RB‡k †gv¯—dv evsjv‡`k, Avj wRnv` evsjv‡`k, IqviZ BmjvwgK d«›U, RvgvqvZ-Avm-mv`vZ, Avj wL`gZ, niKZ-G Bmjvg Avj wRnv`, wnReyjvn Bmjvgx mgvR, gymwjg wgjvZ kwiqv KvDwÝj, Iqvì© BmjvwgK d«›U di wRnv`, RB‡k gynv¤§`, Zv Avgxi D`Øxb evsjv‡`k, wnReyj gvnv`x, Avj Bmjvg gvU©vqvim& we‡MÖW I Zvb&Rxg| GQvovI evsjv‡`k miKvi wewfbœ mgq wbwl× K‡i‡Q PviwU AvZ¥¯^xK…Z BmjvwgK Rw½ msMVb‡K; G¸‡jv nj: kvnv`vZ B Avj wnKgv (2004), RvgvZzj gyRvwnw`b evsjv‡`k (†R Gg we, 2005), RvMÖZ gymwjg RbZv evsjv‡`k (†R Gg †R we, 2005) Ges niKvZzj wRnv` (2005)| †m mgh miKvi GZ¸‡jv Rw½ MÖ“‡ci Aw¯—Z¡ Rvbvi ci ïay PviwU‡K wbwl× K‡iB Zvi `vwqZ¡ †kl K‡iwQj ZLb| wKš‘ †Kb?gy³-gbvi †jL‡Kiv eûevi Aviexq †c‡UªvWjvi M‡o IVv Avi wkKo-evKo †M‡o emv gv`ªvmv wk¶vi Dc‡hvwMZv wb‡q cÖkœ Zz‡jwQ‡jb| Av‡`Š wK Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Rb¨ gv`ªvmv wk¶vi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q? bvwK

G¸‡jv †Kej wRnv`x mš¿vmx ˆZwii KviLvbv? Avgiv mwZ¨B g‡b Kwi AvaywbK wk¶v eë¯’vi mv‡_ m¤úK©wenxb 68 nvRvi †iwR÷vW© gv`ªvmv¸‡jvi †fZ‡i Avm‡j wK †kLv‡bv-cov‡bv nq Zv LwZ‡q †`Lv ìKvi wQj A‡bK Av‡MB| B‡Zvg‡a¨ W. ARq ivq I kwn`yj Bmjvg cÖYxZ ÒAvgiv Kx ai‡bi wk¶v PvB .. Ó wk‡ivbv‡g wjwLZ eBwU‡Z (2006) gv`ªvmv wk¶vi AmviZv wb‡q Z_ëûj Avv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| cwðg e‡½ gv`ªvmv wk¶v eë¯’vi mgvavb Kx fv‡e Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv wb‡q W. ARq ivq mvßvwnK GKZvq GKwU cÖeÜ wj‡L‡Qb hv mK‡ji `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ Lv‡j`v miKv‡ii KY©av‡iiv I c‡_ †M‡jb bv, Zviv ïb‡jb Bmjvgx †gŠjev`x‡ì K_vÑ hviv †RvU miKvi ¶gZvq Avmvi Av‡MB cë‡b †kvMvb Zz‡jwQ‡jvÑ ÔAvgiv ne Zvwjevb, evsjv n‡e AvdMvbÕ| ZvivB miKvi‡K evr‡j w`j miKv‡ii bxwZ wK n‡e Ñ Av‡jg-Ijvgv‡ì Mv‡q nvZ †Ìqv hv‡e bv| ùvwo-Uzwc Iqvjv‡ì Mv‡q nvZ †Ìqv hv‡e bv| gv`ªvmvq nvZ †Ìqv hv‡e bv; e‡j †Ìqv nj hw` ai‡Z nq, ai †mKz¨jvi †jvKRb‡ì| miKviI Zv‡ì K_vg‡Zv ivóª‡`ªvnx evwb‡q‡Q kvnwiqvi Kwei, gyš—vwmi gvgyb‡ì| cÖwkKv‡K †nb¯’v K‡i‡Q, GLbI

...Aviexq †c‡UªvWjv‡i M‡o IVv Avi wkKo-evKo †M‡o emv gv`ªvmv

wk¶vi Dc‡hvwMZv wb‡q cÖkœ Zz‡jwQ‡jb| Av‡`Š wK Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Rb¨ gv`ªvmv wk¶vi †Kvb

cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q? bvwK G¸‡jv †Kej wRnv`x mš¿vmx ˆZwii KviLvbv? Avgiv mwZ¨B g‡b Kwi AvaywbK

wk¶v eë¯’vi mv‡_ m¤úK©wenxb 68 nvRvi †iwR÷vW© gv`ªvmv¸‡jvi

†fZ‡i Avm‡j wK †kLv‡bv-cov‡bv nq Zv LwZ‡q †`Lv ìKvi wQj

A‡bK Av‡MB|

gy³v‡š^lv

22

Ki‡Q- Gi mfvcwZ‡K eZ©gvb ZË¡veavqK miKviI bvbv fv‡e wech©¯— Ki‡Q| B-wUwfi Kvh©Kg‡K cÖ_‡g Lei`vwi‡Z c‡i Ae‡k‡l eÜB K‡i w`‡qwQj Lv‡j`v miKvi| memgq Lv‡j`v miKvi bRi`vix ‡i‡LwQj †`‡ki evB‡i Kviv †`‡ki B‡gR bó Ki‡Q; GgbwK 21†k AvM‡÷ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvq nvgjvi ci AvIqvgx jxMvi‡ì Ic‡iB †`vl Pvcv‡Z †P‡q‡Q, Avi †MÖdZvi K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì Kg©x‡ì| A_P KvIgx gv`ªvmv e‡j Kw_Z Rw½ ˆZixi KviLvbv¸‡jv‡K Zviv eiveiB †i‡L‡Q bRi`vwii evB‡i| Kz‡qwZ ÔwifvB‡ej Ae BmjvwgK †nwi‡UR †mvmvBwUiÕ mvnv‡h¨ W. Mvwje wkg~jZjx gv`ªvmv‡K †K›`ª K‡i Kx fv‡e m`m¨ msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb †mUvI KviI ARvbv bq| GLb †Zv cwi¯‹vi †h †gŠjev`x msMVb¸‡jv Avi Zv‡ì †bZvivB GB NUbvwU NwU‰qwQj †kL nvwmbvmn AvIqvgx †bZ…Z¡‡K wbwðý Kivi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q| G‡ì

†hgb gydwZ nvbœvbmn †MÖßviK…Z Avmvgx‡ì ¯^xKv‡ivw³‡ZB g~j loh‡š¿i Z_¨ †ewi‡q G‡m‡Q (msev` 4/08/08)| B‡Zvg‡a¨ igbv eUg~‡j †evgv nvgvjvi g~j Avmvgx gydwZ nvbœvb I ZvRDwÏbmn 12 Rb R½xi wei“‡× PvR©kxU ˆZix n‡q‡Q (msev` 6/08/08)| G me †gŠjev`x msMVb¸‡jv gv`ªvmv †Zv e‡UB †`‡ki cÖZ¨š— AÂ‡ji gmwR`¸‡jv‡KI Rw½ †Uªwbs †m›Uvi K‡i M‡o Zy‡j‡Q| GKUv mgq wQj hLb †Lv` Av‡gwiKvI wKš‘ mk¯¿ †gŠjev`x msMVb we¯—v‡i mnvqZv K‡iwQj hÎZÎ, Zv‡ì ÔAvw` kÎ“Õ Kgy¨wbRg †VKv‡bvi bv‡g| e¨vcviUv ¯úk©KvZi n‡jI mwZ¨ †h, gv`ªvmv¸‡jv‡Z ag©MÖ‡š’i †h Ask¸‡jv‡Z wRnv‡ì K_v Av‡Q (2:216, 2:154), Dw™¢bœ‡hŠebv ûi‡ì K_v Av‡Q (52: 17-20, 44: 51-55, 56:22), Ôgy³v m`„kÕ †Mjgvb‡ì K_v Av‡Q (52:24) †m¸‡jvi †jvf †`wL‡q hyM hyM a‡i GKcvj Kg©nxb †eKvi hyeK ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q hviv ¯^‡M©i 72Uv ûi-cixi Avkvq wb‡Ri ey‡K †evgv †eu‡a AvZ¥vûwZ w`‡ZI AvR wØav K‡i bv| SvjKvwVi NUbvi ci gvgyb bv‡gi †evgvevR †h Z_¨ w`‡q‡Q Zv‡Z ¯úó †h †`‡k wecyj cwigvY myBmvBW †¯‹vqv‡Wi Aw¯—Z¡ Av‡Q| cÎ-cwÎKvi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx Zv n‡Z cv‡i GgbwK `k nvRvi| e¨vcviUv hw` mwZ¨ n‡q _v‡K evsjv‡`k Av¶wiK A‡_©B A¨vUg †evgvi Dci evm Ki‡Q| †R.Gg.we. †Zv †m mgq †NvlYv w`‡qwQj ÔMvbg¨vb

w`‡q wePviK‡ì euvPv‡bv hv‡e bvÕ| wVK ZvB n‡qwQj MvRxcyi Avi PÆMÖv‡g| eûevi ejv n‡q‡Q, wele„¶‡K euvwP‡q †i‡L Mv‡Qi AvMvq KuvwP Pvwj‡q †Kvb jvf †bB| wnw›`‡Z †Zv GKUv K_v Av‡QB Ñ Ôgi‡YIqvjv‡Kv i“LZv †KŠbÕ, †h gi‡Z Pvq, Zv‡K i“L‡e †K? Kv‡RB ¯^‡M©i ûix-Aáivi †jv‡f jvjvwqZ AvZ¥NvZx Rw½‡ì `k©‡bi Dr‡mi w`‡K Avgv‡ì bRi w`‡Z n‡e| †mRb¨ K‡Vvi AvBb cÖ‡qv‡Mi cvkvcvwk †h mg¯— AgvbweK wk¶v gv`ªvmv co–qv QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ Ah_v wnsmv-we‡Øl Qov‡bv‡Z eûjvs‡k `vqx †m¸‡jvi w`‡KI bRi †Ìqv Avi Zv eÜ Kiv ìKvi Lye ZvovZvwoB| AvaywbK wk¶vi we¯—vi, gy³eyw×i PP©v, AMwYZ †eKvi hye‡Ki A_©‰bwZK-ms¯’vb Avi Rxeb m¤ú‡K© mwVK w`Kwb‡`©kbv †Ìqv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb c_ m¤¢eZ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b GLb †Lvjv †bB|

W. AwfwRr ivq, ev‡qv-BwÄbxqvi, †jLK, cÖvewÜK (eZ©gv‡b hy³iv‡óª emevmKvix)

B‡gBj: [email protected]

1 g~j †jLvwU 2006 mv‡j b‡f¤î gv‡m gy³gbvi I‡qe mvB‡U (www.mukto-mona.com) cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| wKš‘ Gi cÖvmw½KZv GLbI we`¨gvb †gŠjev` I mš¿vmev` LwPZ GB evsjv‡`‡k| ZvB we`¨gvb cwiw¯’wZi Av‡jv‡K Clr cwiewZ©Z AvKv‡i GLv‡b Zv cÖKvwkZ nj|

gy³v‡š^lv

23

AvZ¥NvZx Kzms¯‹vi

cÖ`xc †è

1m¤úÖwZ Avgvi GK KvKv gviv †M‡Qb| Zuvi h¶v n‡qwQj| g„Zzï K‡qKw`b Av‡M aiv co‡jv Zuvi gv_vq GKUv wUDgviI n‡qwQj Ges †eªb wUDgv‡ii wbqg Abymv‡iB Zv `ª“Z evowQ‡jv| Avwg weÁv‡bi QvÎ, weÁv‡b wek¦vmx| weÁvbwfwËK wPwKrmvi civgk©B w`‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ Avgvi AvZ¥xq gv‡b KvKvi †Q‡j †g‡qiv Ges Av‡iv A‡bK AvcvZ ïfvKv•¶xi wek¦vm wew¶ß| Zuviv wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi cvkvcvwk wKQz Zvwš¿‡Ki kiYvcbœ n‡qwQ‡jb| evwo‡Z _vwK bv e‡j NUbv¸‡jv Avgvi ARvbvB wQj| wKsev B‡”Q K‡iB Avgv‡K Rvbv‡bv nqwb| KvKvi g„Zzï ci hv †R‡bwQÑ Zv‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q KvKv‡K wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi AvIZvq Avbv n‡qwQj G‡Kev‡i †kl Ae¯’vq|

h¶v †iv‡Mi cÖv_wgK j¶Y aiv covi ci ¯’vbxq nvmcvZv‡j †hvMv‡hvM K‡i wPwKrmv †bqvi ci KvKvi AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡biv ej‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jbÑ KvKv‡K

ÒevYÓ gviv n‡q‡Q| †h †m ÒevYÓ bq, G‡Kev‡i Òi³evYÓ| i‡³i m¤ú‡K©i †KD bvwK KvKvi ¶wZ Kivi Rb¨ Rv`y †Uvbv K‡i GB ÒevYÓ †g‡i‡Q| KvKv wbZvš—B `wi`ª GKRb gvbyl| Zuvi ¶wZ K‡i AvZ¥xq¯^R‡bi Kx DcKvi n‡e †K Rv‡b ? Z‡e G ai‡Yi e¨vcv‡i cvov cÖwZ‡ekxi wek¦vm AR©b Kiv‡Z mgq jv‡M bv| ÒevYÓ KvUvi eë¯’vI Av‡Q| weL¨vZ Zvwš¿K‡K nvwRi Kiv †M‡jv GK‡Rvov nv‡ji ej` wewµ K‡i| bvbv iKg hvM-h‡Ái cÖnm‡b †M‡jv Av‡iv K‡qK nvRvi UvKv| Òi³evYÓ KvUv †M‡Q e‡j gnvevK¨ D”PviY Ki‡Z Ki‡Z KvKvi †Mvqvj †_‡K GKwU MvB Mi“ wb‡q P‡j †M‡jb Zvwš¿K mvaK| KvKv g„Zzï w`‡K GwM‡q †M‡jb AviI K‡qK avc| cÖv‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ a‡bI Uvb co‡jv gvivZ¥Kfv‡e|

2G ai‡Yi NUbv evsjv‡`‡ki Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P GZUvB ¯^vfvweK †h ï‡b Avgv‡ì Lye GKUv cÖwZwµqv nq bv| Avgiv †hb a‡iB wb‡qwQ †h Gme †Zv NU‡eB| ïay Avgvi `wi`ª KvKvi †ejvq †KbÑ Lye eo eo gvby‡li †¶‡ÎI †Zv †`Lv hvq bvbv iKg A‰eÁvwbK KvR Kg©| GB †Zv †mw`b ¯‹qvi nvmcvZv‡ji mvg‡b MY‡`vqv AbywôZ n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv³b cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi †ivM gyw³i Rb¨| mviv‡`‡k G ai‡Yi †`vqv, cÖv_©bv Aweivg Pj‡Q †h †Kvb e¨vcv‡iB| m¤úÖwZ †`‡ki Lvivc Ae¯’vi RbÏ †`‡ki †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb e¨w³ `vqx Ki‡jb ¯^qs Avjvn&&‡K| Avjvn& bvwK cix¶v Ki‡Qb †`‡ki gvby‡li Cgv‡bi| K‡qK eQi Av‡M †RvU miKv‡ii ¯îvóªgš¿x AvjZvd †nv‡mb hLb GKR‡bi g„Zz¨ cÖm‡½ e‡jwQ‡jbÑ ÒAvjvn&&i gvj Avjvn& wb‡q †M‡QbÓ †KD †KD cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jwQ‡jbÑ wZwb `vwqZ¡ Gov‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Qb| GLb ÒAvjøvn& Avgv‡ì cix¶v Ki‡QbÓ K_vUv wK `vwqZ¡ Gov‡bvi ch©v‡q c‡o bv? Avm‡j hyw³wbf©i gvbyl gv‡ÎB Rv‡bb †hÑ A‡jŠwKKZvi Avkªq gvbyl ZLbB †bq hLb †jŠwKK e¨vcviUv wb‡Ri wec‡¶ hvq|

3bvbv iKg gvby‡li bvbv iKg ms¯‹vi Av‡Q| A‡bK w`b †_‡KB Pvjy n‡q Av‡Q Gme ms¯‹vi| †Kvb †Kvb ms¯‹vi‡K Avgiv Kzms¯‹vi ewj, †Kvb †KvbUv‡K fv‡jv

gy³v‡š^lv

24

g›` wKQzB bv e‡j cÖkª‡qi `„wó‡Z †`wL| †hgb A‡b‡K 13 msL¨vwU‡K Gwo‡q P‡jb| AvbjvwK _vwU©b †ek cÖPwjZ GKwU ms¯‹vi| †KD G ms¯‹vi †g‡b Pj‡j Avgiv †KD wKQz g‡b Kwi bv| †Kvwiqvq 4 msL¨vwU g„Zzï cÖZxK| †mLv‡b cviZc‡ÿ †KD Pvi msL¨vwU eënvi K‡i bv| wjd&‡U †`Lv hvq 1, 2, 3, F, 5, 6| G ai‡Yi ms¯‹vi wb‡q Avgiv eo‡Rvi nvwm| wKš‘ Lye GKUv AvZ¥NvZx g‡b Kwi bv G‡ì| fviZxq wµ‡KUvi‡ì AvOz‡j nv‡Z evû‡Z Mjvq bvbviKg myZv, AvswU, ZvweR, j‡KU †`L‡Z †`L‡Z Avgiv Af¨¯Í n‡q †MwQ| GKUv DB‡KU †c‡j †evjvi‡ì †hfv‡e gv`ywj‡Z Pzgy †L‡Z †`wL Zv‡Z eo‡Rvi g‡b Kwi †h wµ‡KUviwU eoB ms¯‹viv”Qbœ| Avð‡h©i e¨vcvi GB †h Avgiv wKš‘ GB wµ‡KUvi‡K

wek¦v‡mi GB AÜ‡Z¡i Rb¨ eR©b Kwi bv| wKš‘ mKj Kzms¯‹viB †h gv‡S gv‡S AvZ¥NvZx n‡q D‡V|

4†ek K‡qK eQi Av‡Mi K_v| PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡q cwo ZLb| PÆMÖvg kni †_‡K kvUj †Uª‡b BDwbfvwm©wU‡Z Avmv hvIqv K‡i‡Qb Zviv Rv‡bb †Uª‡bi Ae¯’v| GKw`b †Uª‡b wdiwQ K¨v¤úvm †_‡K| cÖPÊ fxo| Avgv‡ì K¤úvU©‡g‡›Ui wmuwo‡Z cv Szwj‡q e‡m‡Q †ek K‡qKwU †g‡q| Avwg Mv`vMvw` wf‡o Zv‡ì †cQ‡b eÜz‡ì mv‡_ ùvwo‡q| K¨v›Ub‡g›U †÷k‡b †Uªb _vg‡Z bv _vg‡ZB aycavc bvg‡Z wM‡q †g‡q‡ì GKR‡bi AvZ©wPrKvi| Zvi `yB cv P‡j †M‡Q †Uª‡bi wb‡P, PvKvi Kv‡Q| cvUdi‡gi avi Avi †Uª‡bi K¤úvU©‡g‡›Ui gv‡S AvU‡K Av‡Q †m| ¯^vfvweK wi‡d¬· Abymv‡i `ª“Z Zvi nvZ a‡i †U‡b Zzj‡Z wM‡qB av°v †Ljvg| Avcv`g¯—K †eviKvq XvKv †g‡qwU wPrKvi Ki‡Q Ñ ÒAvcwb bv, Avcwb bv, †Kvb †g‡q‡K WvKzbÓ| Av‡kcv‡ki †g‡qiv †KD mvov w`‡”Q bv Zvi AvnŸv‡b| G Ae¯’vq †Kvb mvnmx †g‡q‡K †W‡K G‡b Zv‡K †U‡b †ei Kivi A_© n‡jv AviI A‡bK¶Y mgq| †Uªb GLv‡b _v‡g eo‡Rvi `yÕwgwbU| Gi g‡a¨ †Uªb hw` Pj‡Z ïiæÑ Av¯— cv wb‡q Avi DV‡Z n‡e bv Zv‡K| `yÕeÜz wg‡j Zv‡K †U‡b cvUdi‡gi Dci †Zvjvi ci †g‡qwUi Avev‡iv agK, Ò†Kb Avgvi nvZ ai‡jb AvcbvivÓ? GKwU `yN©Ubv †_‡K GKRb †g‡q‡K nvZ a‡i †U‡b D×vi Kivi g‡a¨ Kx Aciva _vK‡Z c‡i AvRI eyS‡Z cvwiwb| †eviKv civ †g‡qwU wK †Kviv‡Yi evYx Aÿ‡i Aÿ‡i †g‡b Pj‡Qb †h †eMvbv cyi“‡li ¯ú‡k© cvc nq| G Kx ai‡Yi ms¯‹vi GKRb BDwbfvwm©wU cov QvÎxi ?

5mv‡ci Kvg‡o Wv³v‡ii e`‡j ISvi kiYvcbœ nq GL‡bv †ewki fvM gvbyl| mvc m¤ú‡K© KZ iKg Kzms¯‹viB bv Pvjy Av‡Q Avgv‡ì gv‡S| mvcy‡oiv bvbviKg Avlv‡p Mí †du‡` gvbyl‡K weåvš— K‡i P‡j‡Q wbqwgZ| exY evRv‡j mvc Qz‡U Av‡m GK_v wek¦vm Kivi †jv‡Ki Afve †bB| Avi mvc m¤ú‡K© A™¢zZ me AmZ¨ M‡í fiv Avgv‡ì †jvKKvwnbx¸‡jv, iƒcK_v¸‡jv| Avi wm‡bgv¸‡jvi †Zv K_vB †bB|

m¤úÖwZ †`‡ki Lvivc Ae¯’vi RbÏ †`‡ki †mbvevwnbxi

cÖavb e¨w³ `vqx Ki‡jb ¯^qs Avjvn&&‡K| Avjvn& bvwK cix¶v

Ki‡Qb †`‡ki gvby‡li Cgv‡bi| K‡qK eQi Av‡M †RvU miKv‡ii ¯îvóªgš¿x

AvjZvd †nv‡mb hLb GKR‡bi g„Zz¨ cÖm‡½ e‡jwQ‡jbÑ

ÒAvjvn&&i gvj Avjvn& wb‡q †M‡QbÓ †KD †KD cÖwZev` K‡i

e‡jwQ‡jbÑ wZwb `vwqZ¡ Gov‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Qb| GLb

ÒAvjøvn& Avgv‡ì cix¶v Ki‡QbÓ K_vUv wK `vwqZ¡

Gov‡bvi ch©v‡q c‡o bv?

gy³v‡š^lv

25

Avgv‡ì †`‡k †jvW‡kwWs-G hZ †gvgevwZ R¡‡j Zvi †P‡q

A‡bK †ewk cwigv‡Y †gvgevwZ R¡‡j gw›ì gmwR` wMR©v c¨v‡MvWv dwKi ì‡ek

AvDwjqv‡ì gvRv‡i| GB gvbZ Kiv †gvgevwZi Av‡jv‡Z g‡bi Kzms¯‹v‡ii AÜKvi Av‡iv

Mvp nq, Avgiv GwM‡q Pwj AÜKv‡ii w`‡K| GLb

Avgv‡ì ìKvi GKwU SKS‡K bZzb weÁvb-cÖRb¥|

Gme c‡o †`‡L ï‡b mvc m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì Kzms¯‹vi Ggb ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q †hÑ mv‡c Kvgo w`‡j †mvRv †h nvmcvZv‡j †bqvi ìKvi Zv bv K‡i ISvi nv‡Z mu‡c w`B †ivMx‡K| wbwe©l mv‡c Kvgov‡j †eu‡P hvBÑ cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvqÑ hv ISviv Zv‡ì bvbviKg fos mn w`‡q _v‡K| Avi welai mv‡c Kvgov‡j ISvI hLb wKQz Ki‡Z cv‡i bvÑ ZLb Wv³vi WvwK| KL‡bv euvwPÑ †ewki fvMB gwi| KviY we‡li wµqv ZZ¶‡Y gvivZ¥K n‡q mviv kix‡i Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| Avgv‡ì AvaywbK cÖhyw³i hy‡MI ISvi WvK c‡oÑ Gi †P‡q AvZ¥NvZx ms¯‹vi Avi Kx n‡Z cv‡i|

6mv¤úÖwZK wmW‡i N~wY©S‡o †fvjvi A‡bK¸‡jv BDwbq‡b wb‡R‡ì Ni †Q‡o †ei nqwb evwoi eDiv| mevB Avkªq‡K‡›`ª Avkªq wb‡jI evwoi eDiv N‡i i‡q wM‡qwQj GB wek¦v‡m †h ÒN‡ii gB‡a¨ eDiv bv _vK‡jB †nB Ni _v‡nbvÓ| hyMvš—i cwÎKvq G LeiwUcÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj 4/12/07 Zvwi‡L| wmWi KvD‡K †invB †`qwb †mLv‡b| KviY N‡i eD _vK‡jv wK _vK‡jv bv Zv‡Z wKQz hvq Av‡m bv cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi Kv‡Q| wKš‘ GB AvZ¥NvZx Kzms¯‹vi `~i Kiv wK hvq

GZ mn‡R? êÁvwbK c~e©vfvm‡K ey‡ov AvOzj †`wL‡q cÖvY nv‡Z wb‡q e‡m _vKvi kw³ †hvMv‡”Q AvZ¥NvZx G me Kzms¯‹vi|

7A‡bK MÖv‡g Avwg †`‡LwQ Ñ mš—vb Rb¥vevi ci gv I wkï‡K cÖvq GK gvm _vK‡Z †`qv nq AuvZzo N‡i| GB AvuZzo Ni n‡jv evwoi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †bvsiv GKwU Ni| cÖm~wZ gvZv‡K GB AuvZzo N‡i cÖvq GKgvm a‡i e›`x K‡i ivLv nq A‡kŠP KvUv‡bvi bv‡g| GK gvm bvwK gv I wkï AcweÎ _v‡K| A_P GB mgqUv‡Z gv I wkïi _vKv ìKvi me‡P‡q Aviv‡g, me‡P‡q cwi”Qbœ Ae¯’vq Ges wbivc` cwi‡e‡k| KviY †h †Kvb my‡hv‡MB bvbviKg msµgY NU‡Z cv‡i gv‡qi Ges beRvZ‡Ki| wKš‘ Kzms¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y cÖm~wZ gvZv I beRvZK‡K KvUv‡Z nq Acwi”Qbœ cwi‡e‡k hv cieZ©x‡Z Zv‡ì ¯^v‡¯’i Ici gvivZ¥K cÖfve †d‡j|

8Avgv‡ì ms¯‹vi wPš—v cÖej| w`‡b w`‡b Zv Av‡iv evo‡Q| wKš‘ hZme Kzms¯‹v‡ii wWeŸv Mjvq †eu‡a mhZ‡b AvM‡j †i‡L KZUzKz GwM‡q hvIqv m¤¢e Avgv‡ì? Avgv‡ì †`‡k †jvW‡kwWs-G hZ †gvgevwZ R¡‡j Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk cwigv‡Y †gvgevwZ R¡‡j gw›ì gmwR` wMR©v c¨v‡MvWv dwKi ì‡ek AvDwjqv‡ì gvRv‡i| GB gvbZ Kiv †gvgevwZi Av‡jv‡Z g‡bi Kzms¯‹v‡ii AÜKvi Av‡iv Mvp nq, Avgiv GwM‡q Pwj AÜKv‡ii w`‡K| GLb Avgv‡ì ìKvi GKwU SKS‡K bZzb weÁvb-cÖRb¥| ms¯‹v‡i gm„Y nIqvi ìKvi †bB, hyw³‡Z iƒp n‡jB n‡jv|

------------------------------------------W. cÖ`xc †è, ¯^v¯’¨ c`v_©we`¨vi cÖfvlK, ¯‹zj Ae jvBd mv‡qÝ, Zvmgvwbqv wek¦we`¨vjq, jvD‡P÷b, wUGGm 7250, A‡÷ªwjqvB‡gBj t [email protected]

gy³v‡š^lv

26

Òhyw³Ó gvby‡li gw¯—®‹wµqvi dj eyw×e„wË, wPš—v cÖm~Z| gvbyl we‡eK-eyw×, hyw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nq| gy³wPš—v, gy³eyw× gvbyl‡K m‡Zï KvQvKvwQ †cuŠQ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Aciw`‡K hyw³nxb fw³-fq-wek¦vm gvbyl‡K Kvh©-KviY I weÁvbwfwËK ev¯—eZvi †¶Î †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q iv‡L| gy³wPš—v, hyw³‡eva, weÁvbgb®‹Zvi e`‡j AcÖgvwYZ A‡jŠwKK wek¦vmwbf©iZv, KwíZ-AwZcÖvK…Z kw³i Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y gvby‡li AbymwÜrmv, wRÁvmv, †gav-gbxlvi Acg„Zz¨ N‡U| wKš‘ AÁZvi, AÜKvi hy‡Mi wKse`š—x I †cŠivwYK wek¦vm Av‡Rv weÁvb I cÖhyw³i Pig DrK‡l©i hy‡MI nvZ aivawi K‡i mnve¯’vb Ki‡Q, Ges cðvrw`‡K AbeiZ †U‡b ai‡Q, hv †Kvb

fv‡eB Kvg¨ bq| ˆkk‡ei †cŠivwYK iƒcK_v (Mytholog), ag©xq DcvL¨vb, cvc-cy‡Yï kvw¯—, cyi®‹v‡ii fq A_ev †jvf gvbe mf¨Zv‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvqwb| eis gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖvg, hyw³‡eva, weÁvbgb®‹Zv, Kg©¯ú„nv, gbyl¨Z¡ gvbe mf¨Zv‡K hyM hyM a‡i GwM‡q wb‡q †M‡Q, GL‡bv hv‡”Q| hyw³ev` wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z cÖ_‡gB ejv fv‡jv hyw³ev` n‡”Q Ôhyw³wfwËK gZev`Õ| Avgv‡ì `k©bkv¯¿ †gvUv `v‡M `ywU fv‡M wef³| GKwU n‡”Q--Ñ fveev` Ges AciwU n‡”Q e¯‘ev`| GB fveev` Ges e¯‘ev` wewfbœ Z‡Ë¡ eû Ôev`Õ-ÔgZev`ÕÑ G wef³| hvB †nvK, GB e¯‘ev‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU n‡”Q hyw³ev`| hvi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã n‡”Q Rationalism|GLb Ôev`Õ ev ÔismÕ e¨vcviUv wVK Kx, †mUvB cÖ_‡g †`Lv hvK| Ôev`Õ m¤ú‡K© msw¶ßvKv‡i ejv hvq Ôev`Õ mvaviYZ wZb ai‡bi| cÖ_gZ, Rxeb I RMr wVK Kx iKg, †m cÖm‡½ †KvbI `vk©wbK ev êÁvwbK gZ‡K Ôev`Õ ev ÔismÕ e‡j| h_v evK©‡ji Solipsism, †WwfW wnD‡gi Agnosticism| wØZxqZ, †KvbI `vk©wbK g‡Zi aib ev `„wófw½‡K Ôev`Õ ev ÔismÕ ejv nq| †hgb:- Idealism, Realism BZ¨vw`| Avevi Z…ZxqZ, `vk©wbK Av‡jvPbvi c×wZ ev `vk©wbK wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bvi ÁvbZË¡MZ Dcvq ev †mvcvb‡KI Ôev`Õ ev ÔismÕ ejv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb:- ÔEmpiricismÕ, ÔCriticismÕ, ÔSkepticismÕ wKsev †`Kv‡Z©i ÔRationalismÕ BZ¨vw`| GQvov AviI AmsL¨ A‡_© Ôev`Õ kãwU eëüZ nq| wKš‘ †m¸‡jv GLv‡b cÖmw½K bq| Ôev`Õ m¤ú‡K© Z…ZxqZ †h msÁv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Zvi Av‡jv‡K †`Lv hvq †h, wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bvi c×wZ‡KI Ôev`Õ ev ÔismÕ ejv nq Ges hyw³ †h‡nZz †Kvb wek¦`„wófw½‡Z ev `vk©wbK wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bvi †mvcvb, AZGe Ôhyw³ev`Õ Aek¨B GKwU Ôev`Õ ev ÔismÕ | GQvovI cÖ_g I wØZxqZ e‡j †h msÁv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Gi Av‡jv‡K †`Lv hvq †h, hyw³ev` GKwU Ò`k©bÓ, ÒgZev`Ó ev ÔismÕ A_©vr hyw³ev` ïay wePvi we‡køl‡Yi wKQz c×wZMZ Kvq`v-Kvbyb bq, Ôhyw³ev`Õ GKwU mvgwMÖK Rxeb `k©b, GKwU wek¦ wbix¶Y c×wZ, GKwU wek¦`„wófw½|

hyw³we`¨vq wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi c×wZLogic ev ZK©kv‡¯¿ wm×všÍ †bqvi Rb¨ `ywU c×wZ Av‡Q| h_v: (1) wWWvKkb (Deduction) ev Ae‡ivn

hyw³ev`*

Abš— weRq `vk

gy³v‡š^lv

27

(2) BÛvKkb (Induction) ev Av‡ivn|G m¤ú‡K© Lye msw&¶ß AvKv‡i ejv hvq †hÑ

1. Ae‡ivn ev wWWvKkb n‡jv †Kvb e¨vcK ev mvaviY mZ¨ †_‡K we‡kl m‡Z¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi Kvq`v| aiv hvK Ôgvbyl giYkxjÕ Ges ejv n‡jv Ôiwng mv‡ne GKRb gvbylÕ| Zvn‡j wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvqÑÔiwng mv‡ne giYkxjÕ|G c×wZwU we‡klY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, iwng mv‡ne GKB m‡½ Agi I giYkxj n‡Z cv‡ib bv| †h †Kvb GKwU Zv‡K n‡ZB n‡e| wKš‘ wZwb Agi n‡j cÖ_g evK¨ Ôgvbyl giYkxjÕÑ Gi we‡ivwaZv Kiv nq| A_©vr iwng mv‡ne gvbyl bb| wKš‘ iwng mv‡ne gvbyl n‡j Zv‡K giYkxj nIqv Qvov MZ¨š—i †bB| GLb Ôgvbyl giYkxjÕÑ GB mvaviY mZ¨ †_‡K Avgiv GKRb we‡kl gvbyl m¤ú‡K© wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡QwQ| A_©vr eûi wel‡q wm×vš—†_‡K G‡Ki wel‡q †b‡g Avmv| GUvB Ae‡ivng~jK hyw³ Ges GB Ae‡ivng~jK hyw³i wcQ‡b Av‡Q AvZ¥we‡ivwaZv ev ¯^we‡ivwaZv bv Kivi bxwZ, hv‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z e‡j ÔLaw of non self-contradictionÕ Ges Zvi mv‡_ Av‡Q ÔRMr msmvi ¯^we‡ivax bqÕ Ñ GB †gŠwjK `„wófw½|

2. BÛvKkb ev Av‡ivng~jK hyw³ n‡jv Ñ we‡kl NUbv ev NUbvejx †_‡K cvIqv Z_¨ †_‡K

GKwU e¨vcK ev mvaviY wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bv| h_v t

ÔKwig mv‡neÕ cUvwkqvg mvqvbvBW †L‡q‡Qb Ges g‡i‡Qb|ÔRwjj mv‡neÕ cUvwkqvg mvqvbvBW †L‡q‡Qb Ges g‡i‡Qb|Ôingvb mv‡neÕ cUvwkqvg mvqvbvBW †L‡q‡Qb Ges g‡i‡Qb|ÔAvKei mv‡neÕ cUvwkqvg mvqvbvBW †L‡q‡Qb Ges g‡i‡Qb|

....Ggwb K‡i AmsL¨ cUvwkqvg mvqvbvBW LvIqv e¨w³i Dci cix¶v Pvwj‡q †`Lv †Mj †h, cUvwkqvg mvqvbvBW LvIqvi Kvi‡Y Zuviv gviv †M‡Qb| Giƒc AmsL¨ e¨w³i Dci cix¶v Pvjv‡bvi wfwË‡Z ejv hvq, Ô†h cUvwkqvg mvqvbvBW Lvq, †m gviv hvqÕ| GLb hZ †ewk msL¨K †jv‡Ki Dci cix¶v Pvwj‡q wm×vš— MÖnY Kiv hv‡e, ZZB wm×vš—wU mwVK n‡e I me©RbxbZv cv‡e|

Av‡ivng~jK hyw³i wcQ‡b K‡qKwU †gŠwjK bxwZ i‡q‡Q|†hgb t1. cÖ‡Z¨K NUbvi KviY i‡q‡Q (Law of Causation)| GB cÖZ¨q bv _vK‡j Ôg„Zz¨Õi Av‡`Š †Kvb KviY Av‡Q wK bv Zv wb‡q msk‡q co‡Z nq Ges Zvi c~e©eZ©x NUbvi KviY †LuvRvi cÖkœB Av‡m bv| 2. GKB KviY memgq GKB dj †`‡e (Law of Uniformity of Nature)| GB cÖZ¨q bv _vK‡j AmsL¨ †jvK cUvwkqvg mvqvbvBW †L‡q gi‡jI †m m¤ú‡K© †Kvb wm×vš— †bqv †hZ bv| 3.ÒAbymÜvb ev M‡elYv Ki‡j cÖwZwU NUbviB KviY m¤ú~Y© †evaMg¨ n‡Z eva¨|Ó GB wel‡q we›`ygvÎ m‡›`n _vK‡j Kvh©KviY m¤ú‡K© wek¦vm Ki‡jI †Kv‡bv êÁvwbK AbymÜv‡bi †¶‡Î GK cvI G‡Mv‡bv hv‡e bv| hw` fvev nq gyZzï KviY _vK‡jI Zv Ávb ev eyw×i AMg¨, Zvn‡j cUvwkqvg mvqvbvBW ev H RvZxq †Kv‡bv ev¯—e wel‡qi g‡a¨ KviY Lyu‡R †eiv‡bvi K_v gv_v‡ZB Avmv DwPZ bq|

Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †evSv hvq †h, Ae‡ivn

Ôev`Õ m¤ú‡K© Z…ZxqZ †h msÁv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Zvi Av‡jv‡K

†`Lv hvq †h, wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bvi c×wZ‡KI Ôev`Õ ev ÔismÕ ejv

nq Ges hyw³ †h‡nZz †Kvb wek¦`„wófw½‡Z ev `vk©wbK wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bvi †mvcvb,

AZGe Ôhyw³ev`Õ Aek¨B GKwU Ôev`Õ ev ÔismÕ |

gy³v‡š^lv

28

ev Av‡ivn †h ai‡biB hyw³ cÖ‡qvM Kwibv †Kb, KZ¸‡jv †gŠwjK `„wófw½ Qvov G‡Mv‡bv m¤¢e bq| †hgb, ¯^we‡ivwaZv Pj‡e bv, cÖwZwU NUbviB KviY LuyR‡Z n‡e, KviY¸‡jv me©Rbxb n‡e Ges KviY¸‡jv‡K †evSv hv‡e|

GLb †h cÖkœ¸‡jv D‡V Av‡m, Kvi ¯^we‡ivwaZv bv Kiv, wK‡mi NUbv, wK‡mi KviY, †Kvb cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv n‡”Q, wK‡mi †evaMg¨Zv BZ¨vw`| GB cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi n‡”Q, hLb GK cwieZ©bkxj e¯‘Z‡š¿i cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avgiv G¸‡jv wPš—v Kwi, wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi †Póv Kwi Ges †h †Kv‡bv mdj, mv_©K, BwZevPK wPš—vi †¶‡Î gvbyl wPiKvjB ZvB K‡i Avm‡Q| Ôhyw³ev`Õ ZvB Avm‡j Ôe¯‘ev`Õ| e¯‘gqZv Ges ev¯—e cwieZ©bkxjZvi aviYv Qvov hyw³, jwRK G‡Kev‡iB ùvovq bv| e¯‘-cwieZ©b-hyw³ Avgv‡ì Aw¯—‡Z¡i m‡½ evav| GKgvÎ weg~Z© wPš—v Qvov hyw³i Aw¯—Z¡ Avgiv Ab¨ †Kv_vI Ae‡njv Ki‡Z cvwi bv|

hyw³ev` ZvB Avgv‡ì Aw¯—‡Z¡i ¯^xK…wZ, Avgv‡ì AvZ¥gMœZv I ewng©ywLZv Df‡qiB m½x| hyw³ev` gv‡b GKwU †MvUv wek¦ex¶v A_©vr †MvUv wek¦wbix¶Y c×wZ, ¯^we‡ivwaZvnxb Rxeb `k©b|

evsjv‡`‡k hyw³ev`:evsjv‡`‡k †h ms¯‹…wZi DËivwaKvix Avgiv, Zvi g‡a¨ †hgb i‡q‡Q GKw`‡K cÖMwZkxj Dcv`vb †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K i‡q‡Q Kzms¯‹vi, Acwek¦vm Ges AÜwek¦vm| AÜKvi, Acwek¦vm, ag©vÜZv Avgv‡ì †PZbv‡K my`xN©Kvj Av”Qbœ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| hvi d‡j Avgv‡ì †`‡k R¡xb-f~Z, iZœ-cv_i, ZvweR-KeR, cvwbcov, SvoduyK, cxi-dwKi‡ì †hgb igigv ivRZ¡, wVK †Zgwb evsjv fvB, Bs‡iwR fvB bvgavix‡ì w`‡q †gŠjev`x ivRbxwZi cÖej weKvkB N‡U‡Q| my`xN©Kvj a‡i Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ †PZbvi `vmZ¡ †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmv KwVb e¨vcvi| weL¨vZ e¯‘ev`x †jLK ivûj mvsK…Z¨vqb Zuvi Ò†PZbvi `vmZ¡Ó MÖ‡š’ GRb¨B e‡jwQ‡jb:

gvbyl †R‡j hvIqv ev duvwmi g‡Â IVv‡K weivU wn¤§Z g‡b K‡i| mgv‡Ri †Muvovwg †f‡½ Zv‡ì ¯^”Q `„wófw½ M‡o †Zvjv, †R‡j hvIqv ev duvwmi g‡Â IVvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk mvn‡mi KvR|

ev¯—weKB wei“× †mªv‡Zi hvÎx nIqv KwVb e¨vcvi| cÖPwjZ †mªv‡Zi wbqgbxwZ, cÖ_v, AÜ-AvbyMZ¨, Acwek¦vm †f‡½ mvnmxivB cv‡i hyw³‡eva‡K nvwZqvi K‡i ùvov‡Z| hyw³ev` Avgv‡ì ¯^-KwíZ †Kvb wek¦vm bq| gvby‡li `k©b I wPš—v RM‡Z hyw³ev‡ì ùziY N‡U‡Q cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB| MÖx‡mi Av‡qvwbqvi e¯‘evèv`x `k©b, fviZxq †jvKvqZ ev Pve©vK `k©b, cwðg Gwkqvi †gvZvwRjv `k©b, divwm wece, BD‡iv‡ci †i‡bmuv, Dwbk kZ‡Ki evsjvi beRvMiY Ges wesk kZvãxi cÖvi‡¤¢ c~e©evsjvq wkLv ‡Mvôxi D`q BZ¨vwì g‡a¨ hyw³ev`x fveavivi †h cÖKvk N‡UwQj Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e Avgiv †mB HwZ‡nï Abymvix I hyw³ev`x fveavivi DËim~ix|

evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ weÁvbgb®‹ hyw³ev`x msMVb eZ©gv‡b Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q KvR Ki‡Q| D`vniY¯îƒc bvg D‡jøL Kiv hvq: weÁvb‡PZbv

evsjv‡`‡k †h ms¯‹…wZi DËivwaKvix Avgiv, Zvi g‡a¨

†hgb i‡q‡Q GKw`‡K cÖMwZkxj Dcv`vb †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K i‡q‡Q

Kzms¯‹vi, Acwek¦vm Ges AÜwek¦vm| AÜKvi, Acwek¦vm,

ag©vÜZv Avgv‡ì †PZbv‡K my`xN©Kvj Av”Qbœ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| hvi d‡j Avgv‡ì †`‡k R¡xb-f~Z, iZœ-cv_i, ZvweR-KeR,

cvwbcov, SvoduyK, cxi-dwKi‡ì †hgb igigv ivRZ¡, wVK †Zgwb evsjv fvB, Bs‡iwR fvB bvgavix‡ì w`‡q †gŠjev`x

ivRbxwZi cÖej weKvkB N‡U‡Q|

gy³v‡š^lv

29

cwil`, evsjv‡`k weÁvb I hyw³ev`x mwgwZ, weÁvb I hyw³ev`x KvDwÝj, XvKvq kwbi AvLovq ÔAviR Avjx gvZzeŸi cvVK mgv‡ekÕ Ges Wt ARq iv‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡ Õwk¶v Av‡›`vjb gÂÕ cÖf…wZ| Avevi cÖhyw³i DrK‡l©i GB mg‡q †ek K‡qKRb weÁvbgb®‹ hyw³ev`x gvbeZv‡ev‡a DØy× e¨w³ wg‡j M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb Ògy³-gbvÓ bv‡gi I‡qe mvBU| gy³-gbv 2001 mv‡ji 26†k †g AwZ Aí msL¨K m`m¨ wb‡q M‡o D‡V| Gi cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB evsjv‡`‡k gy³-we`¨v, hyw³ev` cÖmv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡L| evsjv fvlvfvlx‡ì weÁvbgb®‹ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z gy³-gbvÕi gWv‡iUi AwfwRr ivq wj‡L‡Qb ÒAv‡jv nv‡Z Pwjqv‡Q Auvav‡ii hvÎxÓ bvgK weÁvb welqK MÖš’| hv GiB g‡a¨ †ek cvVKwcÖqZv †c‡q‡Q| gy³-gbvi Zid †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Aa¨vcK ARq iv‡qi m¤úv`bvq cÖeÜ msKjb Ò¯^Zš¿ fvebvÓ (Pviw`K, 2008) eb¨v Avn‡g‡ì ÒweeZ©‡bi c_ a‡iÓ (Aemi, 2007) Ges AwfwRr ivq I dwi` Avn‡g‡ì †jLv Ògnvwe‡k¦ cÖvY I eyw×gËvi †Luv‡RÓ (Aemi, 2007) bvgK weÁvbgb®‹ Ges weÁvbwelqK

MÖš’¸‡jv| ïay MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡qB bq, gy³-gbv GB eQi evsjv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g cvjb K‡i‡Q ÒWviDBb wèmÓ| GQvov A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q ÔAvš—R©vwZK hyw³ev`x wèmÕ, ÔgvbevwaKvi wèmÕ, ÔawiÎx wèmÕ BZ¨vw`| gy³-gbv bvbv mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki †mKz¨jvi Kg©Zrci e¨w³‡ì Avw_©K mvnvh¨ QvovI ûgvqyb AvRv` dvD‡Ûkb Movi †¶‡ÎI mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| †iŠgvwi‡Z eªþcyÎ b‡ì GKwU P‡i eb¨vq ¶wZMÖ¯— GKwU wbgœ gva¨wgK ¯‹zj wbg©vY K‡i w`‡q‡Q| h‡kv‡ii WzgyiZjv MÖvg wbevmx K…lK AL¨vZ hyw³ev`x ibwRr evIqvjx‡K cÖPv‡ii Av‡jvq wb‡q G‡m‡Q| GQvovI gy³-gbv wewfbœ mg‡q bvbv Avš—R©vwZK NUbvejx‡Z gvbevwaKvi i¶vq †mv”Pvi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| hv bvbv mg‡q cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Q| gy³-gbv evsjv‡`‡k weÁvbgb®‹, hyw³ev`x mgvR wewbg©v‡Y m‡Pó| wKš‘ GB c_ KzmygvKxY© bq| GRb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki mKj ag©wbi‡c¶, weÁvbgb®‹, hyw³ev`x gvby‡li mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm cÖ‡qvRb|

Abš— weRq `vk, wm‡jU †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Ôhyw³Õ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K Ges QvÎ, mgvRKg© wefvM, kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, wm‡jU|

* cÖeÜwU eQi `y‡qK Av‡M wk¶v Av‡›`vjb g‡Âi GKwU †mwgbv‡i cwVZ n‡qwQj| GLv‡b Blr cwieZ©b K‡i Qvcvb nj|

gy³v‡š^lv

30

(c~e© cÖKvwk‡Zi ci)

2q ce©

Av‡gwiKvi mywcÖg †KvU© 1987 mv‡j GK HwZnvwmK iv‡q wµ‡qkb mv‡qÝ‡K êÁvwbK bq eis wiwjwRqvm WMgv wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i ivq †`qvi ci ciB m„wóev`xivI ey‡S wM‡qwQ‡jb †h Gfv‡e Avi m‡PZb RbmvaviY‡K †evKv evwb‡q ivLv hv‡e bv| Zviv hLb †`L‡jv †h weÁvbxgnj wKQy‡ZB Zv‡ì A‰eÁvwbK hyw³¸‡jv‡K mg_©b Ki‡Q bv ZLb Zviv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B gwiqv n‡q DVj Ges †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b Rb¥ nj AvaywbK m„wóev‡ì| GB AvaywbK m„wóev`xiv Zv‡ì c~e©m~ix‡ì fyj †_‡K g~jZ wZbwU wk¶v wb‡jb:

cÖ_gZ, Zviv ey‡SwQ‡jb †Kvb we‡kl m¤cÖ`v‡qi wek¦vm‡K weÁvb wn‡m‡e Pvjv‡bv hv‡e bv, eis me©Rbxb m„wóKZ©vi c‡¶B mv¶¨-cÖgvY nvwRi Ki‡Z n‡e|

wØZxqZ, m„wóZ‡Ë¡i †h me c~e©Zb `vwe¸‡jv nvm¨Ki †kvbvq, Ges êÁvwbK gn‡j I m‡PZb RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ B‡Zvg‡a¨B cwiZ¨³ n‡q‡Q (†hgb evB‡ej Kw_Z c„w_exi eqm Qq nvRvi eQi) †m¸‡jv ev` w`‡q AvaywbK Ges wek¦vm‡hvM¨ hyw³ nvwRi Kiv|

Z…ZxqZ, weÁvb †h †Kej cÖvK…wZK wbqg w`‡q RMr‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i GB g‡bvfve‡K †Muvovwgc~Y© wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i Acvw_©e A‡jŠwKK mËv‡K ax‡i ax‡i weÁv‡bi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmv|

†gvÏv K_v n‡jv weeZ©bev‡ì wei“‡× hy× Pvwj‡q hvevi Rb¨ Zv‡ì g~jZ `y‡Uv bZyb c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡jv: GKw`‡K Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb n‡q co‡jv Av‡iKUz DbœZ I cwikxwjZ Z‡Ë¡i Avi Ab¨w`‡K A_©, cÖwZcwË Ges ivR‰bwZK Pv‡ji †Rv‡i miKvwi gva¨g¸‡jv‡Z AvBwWÕi (intelligent design) c‡¶ mg_©b †RvMvo Kiv A_©vr †mvRv c‡_ hw` ¯‹zj K‡j‡R Zv‡ì m„wó ZË¡ †XvKv‡bv bv hvq Zvn‡j euvKv c‡_ hvIqv Qvov Avi Dcvq wK, we‡klZ hLb ¶gZv Ges A_© †KvbUviB Zv‡ì Afve †bB Avi ZviB djvdj n‡”Q AvR‡Ki GB m„wói eyw×`xß AbyKí ev ms‡¶‡c AvBwW (intelligent design) ev eyw×`xß bKmv|

ZË¡ wn‡m‡e B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb ev eyw×`xß bKmv‡K mvaviY gvby‡li mvg‡b nvwRi Kiv n‡q‡Q weMZ beŸB‡qi `k‡K| gvB‡Kj we‡n, DBwjqvg †W¤^w¯‹, wdwjc Rbmb, †Rvbv_b I‡qjm cÖgyL G ZË¡wUi cÖe³v Ges cÖPviK| cÖe³v‡ì mK‡jB †gvUv A‡¼i A_©cyó i¶Ykxj wLª÷vb msMVb wW¯‹fvwi Bbw÷wUD‡Ui (Discovery Institute) mv‡_ hy³| G‡ì hyw³ n‡jv, Avgv‡ì wek¦eªþvÊ Ges m‡ev©cwi ˆRe Rxeb GZB RwUj Ges Abb¨mvaviY †h cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q †mMy‡jv D™¢~Z n‡Z cv‡i bv, Ges Gi †cQ‡b GK eyw×`xß cwiKíbvKvixi cwiKíbvi Qvc Av‡Q| GB Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³viv gnvwek¦ Ges c„w_ex‡Z cÖvY m„wói †cQ‡b Ck¦i RwoZ _vKevi e¨vcviUv gyL dz‡U mivmwi bv ej‡jI †mw`‡KB cÖvqkt Bw½Z K‡i e‡jb, êÁvwbK DcvË¸‡jv ïay cÖvK…wZK wbqg w`‡q e¨vL¨v Kiv m¤¢e bq wKsev DwPrI bq| G¸‡jv‡K mwVKfv‡e †evSv hvq ZLbB, hLb GK m„Rbkxj mÁvb mËvi my®úó D‡Ï‡kï Av‡jv‡K G¸‡jv‡K †`Lvi †Póv Ges we‡klY Kiv nq| cÖ_g w`‡K êÁvwbK gn‡j myweav Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI weÁvb wel‡q Am‡PZb ivR‰bwZK Ges mvgvwRK cwigÊ‡j GB AvaywbK m„wóev`xiv Av¶wiK A‡_©B ZK©-weZ‡K©i UvBdzb QywU‡q w`‡Z mg_© nq| Avi eive‡ii gZ hy³ivóª miKvi Ges †gŠjev`x wLª÷vb PvP© †Zv †cQb †_‡K KjKvwV bvovi Rb¨ gywL‡q wQjB| †hgb, wf‡qbvi †ivgvb K¨v_wjK AvP© wekc wµ÷d kbeb© (Christoph Schonborn) wbDBqK© UvBgm Gi 7 RyjvB, 2005 msL¨vq cwi®‹vi †NvlYv K‡ib †h K¨v_wjK PvP© cªvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g NUv

eyw×`xß bKmv

hy³iv‡óªm„wóZ‡Ë¡i weeZ©b

AwfwRr ivq I eb¨v Avn‡g`

gy³v‡š^lv

31

weeZ©b‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i| Gi GKgvm c‡iB Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U RR© eyk GKwU msev` m‡¤§j‡b †NvlYv K‡ib †h, wZwb ¯‹zj K‡j‡R weeZ©bev` Ges B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb `y‡UvB cov‡bvi c‡¶ 27|

Zviv Zv‡ì †KŠk‡ji Ask wn‡m‡e ag©wbi‡c¶ RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q wM‡q `vwe K‡i †h GB B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ Avm‡j a‡g©i †Kvb m¤úK©B †bB| GwU m¤ú~Y©fv‡eB GKwU êÁvwbK ZË¡| †hgb B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvB‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖe³v Ges wW¯‹fvwi B›mwUwUD‡Ui Ab¨Zg cy‡ivav e¨w³Z¡ DBwjqvg †W¤^w¯‹ Zvi w` wWRvBb †ifyjy¨kb eB‡q28 (2004) e‡jb:

m„wói eyw×`xß AbyKíwU †Kvb cÖ‡U÷¨v›U-wLª÷vb msµvš— welq bv, GgbwK mvaviY wLªw÷q wek¦v‡mi e¨vcviI bqÑ GwU GK AMÖmi êÁvwbK M‡elYvg~jK Kg©m~Px| G AbyK‡íi cÖe³viv GUvi DrKl© Ges b¨vh¨Zv †Kvb ai‡Yi ag©xq Av‡e`b nvwRi bv K‡iB êÁvwbK gn‡j DÌvcb Ki‡Z m‡Pó|

†mB †W¤^w¯‹B Avevi wLª÷vb‡ì mfvmwgwZ‡Z wM‡q Zv‡ì mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv †NvlYv K‡i e‡jb, Zvi j¶¨B n‡”Q whï wLª÷‡K weÁv‡bi RM‡Z cybtcÖwZwôZ Kiv| wZwb Zvi B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb: w` weªR weUzBb mv‡qÝ GÛ w_IjwR (1999) eB‡q my®úófv‡eB wj‡LwQ‡jb28 :

weÁv‡bi †h mg¯— †gŠwjK `„wóf½x whï wLª÷‡K `„k¨cU †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K †gŠwjKfv‡e Î“wUc~Y© wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z n‡e| whï‡K ev` w`‡q êÁvwbK Z‡Ë¡i Ici Mfxi aviYv jvf Kiv hvq bv|

A_©vr, AvBwWi cÖe³viv wVK K‡i‡Qb Zviv mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ wM‡q i_ †`L‡eb Avevi KjvI †eP‡eb| RbM‡Yi †mKz¨jvi Ask‡K nvZ Kivi Rb¨ Zviv µgvMZ cÖPvi Pvjvb †h Zv‡ì ZË¡ êÁvwbK, Gi mv‡_ a‡g©i †KvbB m¤úK© †bB, wKš‘ Zv‡ì Avmj †Mvgi duvm n‡q hvq hLb Zviv i¶Ykxj †gŠjev`x msMV‡bi †jvKR‡bi mv‡_ wgk‡Z wM‡q wek¦v‡mi Suvwc Dcyo K‡i †`b|

wW¯‹fvwi Bbw÷wUD‡Ui Av‡iK KY©avi †Rvbv_b I‡qjm BDwbwd‡Kkb PvP© Gi AvRxeb m`m¨| wZwb ‘Moonie in-house journal’G ÕDarwinism: Why I went for a second PhDÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi GKwU cÖe‡Ü cwi®‹vi K‡iB e‡jb Zvi Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ eªZB n‡”Q WviDwbRg †VKv‡bv| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb29 :

wcZvi (Pv‡P©i dv`vi †ifv‡iÛ gyb) Dc‡`k, Avgvi wk¶v Avi cÖv_©bv Avgv‡K GB g‡g© DØy× K‡i‡Q †h Avwg cy‡iv Rxeb WviDwbRg aŸsm Kivi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Kie, wVK †hgbfv‡e BDwbwd‡Kkb Pv‡P©i A‡bK m`m¨ gvK©mev` aŸsm Kivi Kv‡R DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| hLb wcZv 1978 mv‡j wcGBPwW †cÖvMªv‡gi Rb¨ Avgv‡K (Av‡iv GKWRb †mwgbvwi MÖ¨vRy‡qU Qv‡Îi mv‡_) wbe©vPb Ki‡jb, Avwg mv‡_ mv‡_ GB m¤§yL mg‡i †hvM`vb Kivi my‡hvM jy‡d wbjvg|

weÁvb co‡jB †h gvbyl weÁvbgb¯‹ nq bv †Rvbv_b I‡qj‡mi Dc‡iv³ Dw³‡ZI Zv Avev‡iv cÖgvwYZ nq| Aa¨vcK wiPvW© WwKÝ G cÖm‡½ e‡jb, ÒmZ¨vbymwÜrmvi cÖwZ AvMÖn hv wKbv weÁvb wel‡q wcGBP wWMÖx AR©‡bi GKwU b~¨bZg †hvM¨Zv e‡j we‡ewPZ- I‡qj‡mi †h †m wel‡q †Kvb AvMÖn †bB-GB GKwU gvÎ ¯^xKv‡ivw³B †m m‡›`‡ni D‡`ªK Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó|30 GB AvaywbK m„wóZvwË¡K‡ì `yiwfmwÜ Rbmg‡¶ Av‡iv GKevi cÖKvwkZ n‡q hvq hLb nVvr K‡iB wW‡¯‹vfvwi BÝwUwUD‡Ui GK †Mvcb `wjj 1999 mv‡j B›Uvi‡b‡U duvm n‡q hvq| `wjjwU I‡qR WKz‡g›U bv‡g KzL¨vZ|* `wjjwU duvm n‡q hvevi e¨vcviwU Ges Gi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv wW‡¯‹vfvwi BÝwUwUDU wb‡RB ¯^xKvi K‡iwQj28| `wjjwU‡Z †jLv Av‡Q, B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb-Gi cy‡ivav‡ì cÖavbZg j¶¨B n‡”Q êÁvwbK e¯‘ev`‡K wk¶v, ivR‰bwZK Ges mvgvwRK A½b †_‡K nwU‡q w`‡q me RvqMvq fveev`x `„wóf½x‡K cÖwZôv Kiv Avi †h cÖvK…wZK Ges e¯‘ev`x `„wóf½xi gva¨‡g weÁv‡bi †mŠa M‡o D‡V‡Q Zvi g~‡j KzVvivNvZ Kiv| Zv‡ì g~j Av‡µvkUv wQj e¯‘ev‡ì cy‡ivav WviDBb, gv·© Ges d«‡q‡Wi Ici| AvR‡K A‡bK AMªmi avwg©K Ges m„wóev`x e¨w³B weeZ©b‡K †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb GB e‡j †h, Zv‡ì e¨w³MZ wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ Gi †Kvb Ø›Ø †bB| wKš‘

gy³v‡š^lv

32

wdwjc Rbmbmn AvBwW cÖe³viv GZUvB †gŠjev`x †h, Zv‡ì avwg©K weeZ©bev`x‡ì (hviv Ck¦‡ii Aw¯—‡Z¡ wek¦vi K‡ib, wKš‘ weeZ©bev`‡K GKwU ev¯—eZv wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb) cÖwZI we›`ygvÎ mnvbyf~wZ †bB 24|

B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb cÖe³viv mv‡ewK m„wóZ‡Ë¡i mv‡_ Zv‡ì cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z PvB‡jI cÖwZeviB Zv‡ì cÖ‡Póv gv‡V gviv †M‡Q| GgbwK †Wvfvi †Kv‡U©i gvgjvq GwUI cÖKvwkZ n‡q c‡o †h, ÔAe cvÛvm Ges wccjÕ bv‡gi †h eBwU Zviv †Wvfvi ¯‹y‡ji cvV¨cy¯—K wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb K‡iwQ‡jb †mwUi g~j †jLK wWb †Kwbqb Gi wKQyw`b Av‡MB †nvqvU BR wµ‡qkb mv‡qÝ? bv‡g GKwU eB‡qi fywgKv wj‡LwQ‡jb| eB‡qi wØZxq †jLK cvwm©fvj †Wwfm Avevi evB‡ejxq Qq nvRvi eQ‡ii Bqs Av_© mg_©b K‡i GKwU eB wj‡LwQ‡jb hvi bvg ÔG †Km di wµ‡qkwbRgÕ | Z‡e me‡P‡q j¾vKi †h e¨vcviwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q hvq Zv nj, Ae cvÛvm GÛ wccj eBwU wb‡RB GKwU m„wóZvwË¡K eB, †hwU 1983 mv‡j wµ‡qkb ev‡qvjwR bv‡g cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| 1986 mv‡j eBwU †ei nq ev‡qvjwR GÛ wµ‡qkb bv‡g| Ae cvÛvm GÛ wccj eBwU Avm‡j ev‡qvjwR GÛ wµ‡qkb GiB ûeû KwcÑïay wµ‡qkb kãwU mwi‡q w`‡q B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb kã `ywU ewm‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q Avi wµ‡qUi Gi RvqMvq wWRvBbvi emv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

wbtm‡›`‡n m‡PZb gn‡ji Kv‡Q AvBwW cÖe³v‡ì G‡nb jy‡KvPzwi †Ljv GK`gB MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cvqwb| B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³viv ZË¡wU‡K êÁvwbK ZË¡ wn‡m‡e Pvjv‡Z PvB‡jI êÁvwbK gn‡j GwU m¤ú~Y© cwiZ¨³ n‡q‡Q; ïay ZvB bq, G‡K ÔDËg †gvo‡K m„wóev`Õ, m¯—v R¨v‡K‡U m„wóev`, †PvivB m„wóev` BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Awfavq Awfwl³ Kiv nq|31

AvR‡K Av‡gwiKvmn mviv we‡k¦i weÁvbxiv we‡kl K‡i RxeweÁvbxiv, weÁv‡bi Ges wb‡R‡ì wU‡K _vKvi ¯^v‡_©B e¨vcviwU‡K AZ¨š— ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Ki‡Qb| †ekxi fvM †¶‡ÎB AvBwW mg_©K‡ì civRq NU‡jI †QvULv‡Uv wKQy RvqMvq Zviv w`we¨ Xy‡K co‡Z †c‡i‡Q, InvBI Ges Kvbmv‡mi `ywU †QvU ¯‹zj †evW© (†hLv‡b i¶Ykxj wicvewjKvb `‡ji m`m¨ msL¨v †ewk) B‡Zvg‡a¨B Zv‡ì RxeweÁv‡bi cvV¨m~Px‡Z weeZ©bev‡` mskq

cÖKvk Kiv DwPZ e‡j jvBb †hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q| RwR©qvq ÔKe KvDw›U ¯‹zj †evW©Õ weeZ©b GKwU ZË¡ n‡jI Zv mZ¨ bq e‡j eB‡Z w÷Kvi jvwM‡q †`q, c‡i Aek¨ Zviv Zv Zz‡j wb‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj| RxeweÁvbx W. wUg †eov Zvi Bfjy¨kb GÛ w` wg_ Ae w` wµ‡qkwbRg t G †ewmK MvBW Uz w` d¨v±m Bb w` Bfjy¨kb wW‡eU eB‡qi f~wgKv‡Z wj‡L‡Qb †h GZw`b weÁvbxiv m„wóZË¡ev`x‡ì GBme Kg©KvÊ‡K Ae‡njv K‡i G‡m‡Q, ïay M‡elYvi KvR Kiv‡KB KZ©e¨ g‡b K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ AvR‡K Av‡gwiKvq Giv GZB kw³kvjx n‡q D‡V‡Q †h, Giv gvbe mf¨Zvi weÁvb PP©vi †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii wei“‡× Pµvš— ïi“ K‡i‡Q, weÁvbx‡ì Rb¨ Avi Pzc K‡i _vKv wVK n‡e bv| ZvB AvR‡K Av‡gwiKvmn cvðv‡Zï eo eo RxeweÁvbxiv †hLv‡bB AvBwW wb‡q gvgjv n‡”Q †mLv‡bB Qy‡U hv‡”Qb mv¶¨ w`‡Z, wgwWqvq e³e¨ ivL‡Qb, weÁvb we‡klZt weeZ©bev‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡q eB wj‡L‡Qb, B›Uvi‡b‡U Ges wek¦we`¨vj‡qi I‡qemvBU¸‡jv‡Z we¯—vwiZ wjL‡Qb Ges wewfbœfv‡e G wel‡q Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv ˆZwii Rb¨ D‡V c‡o †j‡M‡Qb|

B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvB‡bi †Ìqv hyw³¸‡jv

B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb ev eyw×`xß AbyK‡íi `ywU fvl¨ cvIqv hvq| GKwU fvl¨ cvIqv hvq †R¨vwZc©`v_©weÁv‡bi `„wó‡Z, †hwU e‡j Avgv‡ì GB wek¦eªþvÛ Ggb wKQy PjK (variables) m~² mgš^‡qi mvnv‡h¨ ‰Zwi n‡q‡Q †h Gi GKPzj †ni‡di n‡j Avi Avgv‡ì G c„w_ex‡Z KLbB cÖvY m„wó nZ bv| A_©vr cieZ©xKv‡j cÖvY m„wó Ki‡eb GB B”QvwU gv_vq †i‡L Ck¦i (wKsev nqZ Ab¨ †Kvb eyw×gvb mË¡v) wek¦eªþvÛ ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb, Avi †m Rb¨B Avgv‡ì gnvwek¦ wVK GiKg; GZ wbLyuZ, GZ mymse× †hb gvby‡li emev‡mi K_v †f‡eB cwiKíbv Kiv n‡qwQj|

Avi Iw`‡K B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvB‡bi RxeweÁv‡bi fvl¨wU ej‡Q wVK Zvi D‡ëv K_v| RxeweÁv‡bi AvBwW cÖe³v dvBb wUDbviiv †hfv‡e hyw³ mvwR‡q _v‡Kb, †R¨vwZwe©Áv‡bi dvBb wUDbviiv †`b wVK D‡ëv hyw³| RxeweÁv‡bi AvBwWi cÖe³viv e‡jb Avgv‡ì wek¦eªþvÊ cÖvY m„wói c‡¶ GZUvB Abychy³ †h cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g GLv‡b Ggwb Ggwb cÖvY m„wó n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avevi †R¨vwZwe©Áv‡bi AvBwWIqvjviv

gy³v‡š^lv

33

D‡ëvfv‡e e‡jb, GB wek¦ eªþvÊ cÖvY m„wói c‡¶ GZUvB Dchy³ †h GB wek¦eªþvÊ cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g †Kvbfv‡e m„wó n‡Z cv‡i bv| GKmv‡_ `yB wecixZag©x K_v †Zv mZ¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| eyw×`xß AbyK‡íi GB `ywU fvl¨ wb‡qB Zvn‡j Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvK|

Avgiv RxeweÁv‡bi eyw×`xß AbyKí‡KB we‡ePbvq Avbe Av‡M| KviY `ywbqv Ry‡o G‡ì cÖvej¨ Avi †RvqviB †ewk| ZvivB WviDbxq weeZ©bev`‡K cvV¨cy¯—K †_‡K nwU‡q B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb‡K Zvi ¯’jvwfwl³ Ki‡Z Pvb| G cÖm‡½ `vk©wbK †Wwb‡qj †W‡bU e‡jb27:

†mŠfvM¨µ‡g Ah_v Kjn-weev` m„wó Kivi Rb¨ AvR‡Ki w`‡b c`v_©we`‡ì Lye †ewk cÖ‡Yv`bv †bB| KviY c`v_©we`‡ì Avi mvaviY gvbyl‡ì Kv‡Q wM‡q wM‡q †Kvqv›Uvg ejwe`¨v Avi Av‡cw¶K ZË¡ eySv‡bvi †Póv K‡i mgq bó Ki‡Z nq bv| KviY I¸‡jv B‡Zvg‡a¨B êÁvwbK gn‡j Ges Zvi evB‡i m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡q †M‡Q|

wKš‘ weeZ©‡bi e¨vcviUv Avjv`v| cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g weeZ©‡bi †gŠwjK aviYvwU wKš‘ ïaygvÎ wPš—vi D‡`ªKKviKB bq, GwU AZ¨š— kw³kvjx wWRvBb Avi¸‡g›U‡K evwZj K‡i †`q, †hwU `xN©w`b a‡i Ck¦‡ii Aw¯—‡Z¡i c‡¶ cÖavbZg hyw³ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nZ| †m Rb¨B hZ cÖ‡Yv`bv AvRI †`Lv hvq Zvi cÖvq meB RxeweÁvbx‡ì †VKv‡bvi †¶‡Î|

AvBwWi RxeweÁvbxiv †mB cyi‡bv †PvL‡K Avevi Zv‡ì Z‡Ë¡i GK cÖavb A¯¿ wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Qb| Avm‡j B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb Gi e¨vbv‡i c¨v‡ji †mB m„wóZ‡Ë¡i hyw³B †h weMZ K‡qK `k‡K Avevi byZb †gvo‡K wd‡i G‡m‡Q Zv †PvL wb‡q AvBwW cÖe³v‡ì byZb K‡i MwR‡q IVv eyw×`xß hyw³¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jB eySv hv‡e| AveviI †Pv‡Li MVb wb‡q Zviv A‡bK ˆn ‰P ïi“ K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì g‡Z Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li MVb GZ RwUj, m~² Ges wbLyuZ †h eyw×gvb †Kvb mªóvi wWRvBb Qvov Zv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i bv| 5%, 10%, wmwKfvM ev A‡a©K †PvL bvwK Rx‡ei †Kvb Kv‡R Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| W.

wiPvW© WwKbm, W. BDwRb ¯‹U, W. †Rwi K‡qb, W. †K‡b_ wgjvimn A‡bK weÁvbx B‡Zvg‡a¨B Zv‡ì GB `vwe¸‡jv‡K fyj cÖgvwYZ K‡i‡Qb|

A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib †h, †Pv‡Li (wKsev Kvb, cvLv, dzmdzm) gZ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask ax‡i ax‡i wewfbœ ch©v‡q m„wó n‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY gaëZ©x ch©vq¸‡jv ¯^Zš¿fv‡e wVKgZ KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, Ges Zvi d‡j Zv‡ì †Kvb Dc‡hvwMZvB _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv Avm‡j GLv‡b weeZ©‡bi Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© w`KwUB eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv ev Gwo‡q †h‡Z Pvb| Avgiv Av‡MB †`‡LwQ †h, Rx‡ei †Kvb Ask‡K cªvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi w`K †_‡K myweavRbK Ae¯’v‡b Avmvi Rb¨ cyY©v½fv‡e weKwkZ n‡Z nq bv| AÜ nIqv †_‡K AvswkK `„wókw³ _vKv A‡bK fv‡jv| Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡KiB `„wó¶xYZvi ev `~‡ii ev Kv‡Qi `„wónxbZvi mgm¨v Av‡Q, Zvi d‡j Avgiv `~‡i ev Kv‡Q A¯úó †`wL| wKš‘ Avgiv hw` Avw`g Kv‡ji gZ eb¨ Rxeb hvcb KiZvg GB mxgve×Zvmn †PvLB Avgv‡ì‡K A‡bKLvwb myweav G‡b w`‡Z cviZ| Avgiv LvIqv, Avkªq, m½x ev cï‡ì †`L‡Z †cZvg, Zv‡ì bovPov eyS‡Z cviZvg| †h cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ †Kvb `„wókw³B †bB ev LyeB mxwgZ `„wókw³ Av‡Q Zv‡ì Rb¨ †Pv‡Li D™¢e ev †Pv‡Li gZ †h †Kvb A‡½i we›`ygvÎ DbœwZB A‡bK evowZ myweav G‡b †`‡e| G‡Kev‡iB `k©bkw³ bv _vKv gv‡b n‡”Q †h †m cy‡ivcywiB AÜ, GLb cÖvYxwUi g‡a¨ hw` A‡a©K ev wmwKfvM `„wó¶gZvI weKvk jvf K‡i Zvn‡jB †m wKQy n‡jI Zvi wkKvixi MwZwewa †`L‡Z cv‡e ev eyS‡Z cvi‡e| †Pv‡Li GBUzKz AvswkK weKvkB cÖvYxwUi †eu‡P _vKv ev bv _vKvi g‡a¨ wekvj GKwU f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| GKB hyw³ Lv‡U cvwLi †¶‡ÎI, Avgiv Pvicv‡k AvswkK cvwLmn cÖPzi cÖvYx †`L‡Z cvB| wUKwUwK, e¨vO, kvgyK RvZxq MvBW K‡i P‡j Ggb A‡bK cÖvYxi g‡aÏ AvswkK cvLvi gZ Ask †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| Mv‡Q _v‡K Ggb A‡bK cÖvYxi `yB R‡q‡›Ui gvSLv‡b cvLvi gZ GK ai‡Yi Pvgovi Aw¯—Z¡ †`Lv hvq †hUv AvswkKfv‡e weKwkZ cvLv ê wKQy bq| cvLvwU KZ eo ev †QvU Zv GLv‡b e¨vcvi bq, cÖvYxwU hw` KLbI MvQ †_‡K c‡o hvq Zvn‡j HUzKz cvLv eënvi K‡iB †m Zvi Rxeb euvPv‡Z cvi‡e hv wKbv Zvi wU‡K _vKvi †¶‡Î evowZ myweav †RvMv‡e|

AvBwW cÖe³v‡ì Av‡iKwU AwZwcÖq hyw³ n‡”Q †Pv‡Li

gy³v‡š^lv

34

wbLuyZ MVb hv Zv‡ì g‡Z †Kvb eyw×`xß m„wóKZ©vi n¯—‡¶c Qvov m„wóB n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi Ab¨w`‡K weÁvbxiv e‡jb, weeZ©b ev cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb †h‡nZz ïaygvÎ we`¨gvb êwkó¨¸‡jvi Dci wfwË K‡i `xN© mgq a‡i cwiewZ©Z Ges cwiewa©Z n‡Z n‡Z AviI DbœZZi iƒ‡c cwiYZ nq, ZvB Lye hyw³m½Z Kvi‡YB cÖvYxi g‡a¨ A‡bK Î“wUc~Y© A½ †`Lv hvq| G †cÖw¶‡Z GLb †`Lv hvK AvBwWIqvjviv †hgb `vwe Ki‡Qb, gvby‡li †PvL Avm‡jB †Zgb Î“wUnxb ev wbLuyZ wK bv| †Pv‡Li Aw¶c‡Ui (†iwUbv) wfZi GKai‡bi Av‡jv MÖnYKvix †Kvl (d‡Uv wiwmcUi ev d‡Uv †mjm) Av‡Q hviv evB‡ii Av‡jv MÖnY K‡i Ges Zvici GK¸”Q `k©b mœvqyi (AcwUK bvf© ev M¨vswMqb †mjm) gva¨‡g Zv‡K gw¯—‡®‹ †cuŠQv‡bvi eë¯’v K‡i, hvi d‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| †Kvb eyw×gvb mªóv wbðqB Rv‡ji gZ K‡i Qwo‡q _vKv GB mœvqy¸‡jv‡K Av‡jvMÖnYKvix †Kvl¸‡jvi mvg‡bi w`‡K ewm‡q †`‡eb bv! KviY Zvn‡j †Zv †ek wKQy Av‡jv evav cv‡e, Avgiv GB evavUzKz bv _vK‡j hZUzKz †`L‡Z †cZvg Zvi †_‡K Kg †`L‡Z cve Ges Gi d‡j Avgv‡ì `„wói gvb A‡bK K‡g hv‡e| wKš‘ A™¢yZ e¨vcvi n‡”Q, Avgv‡ì †PvL wVK IiKgB| Avgv‡ì Aw¶c‡Ui wVK mvg‡b GB mœvqyMy‡jv Rv‡ji gZ Qov‡bv _v‡K, ïay ZvB bv, GB mœvqy¸‡jv‡K †h i³bvjx i³ mieivn K‡i ZvivI Avgv‡ì Aw¶c‡Ui mvg‡b we¯—…Z _v‡K, Gi d‡j Av‡jv evav cvq Ges Avgv‡ì `„wókw³ wKQyUv n‡jI K‡g hvq|

mœvqy¸‡jvi GB AmyweavRbK Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L Av‡iKwU eo mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| GB mœvqweK RvjwU gw¯—‡®‹ †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ Aw¶cU‡K dz‡Uv K‡i Zvi wfZi w`‡q c_ K‡i wb‡Z nq| Gi d‡j GKwU AÜwe›`y ev evBÛ ¯ú‡Ui m„wó nq| Avgv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K †Pv‡LB GK wgwjwgUv‡ii gZ RvqMv Ry‡o GB evBÛ ¯úU i‡q‡Q, Avgiv AvcvZfv‡e eyS‡Z bv cvi‡jI IB RvqMvwU‡Z Avm‡j Avgv‡ì `„wó mv`v n‡q hvq| Zvn‡j wK †PvL m„wói mgq GB mxgve×Zv¸‡jv †g‡b †bIqv Qvov Avi †Kvb Dcvq wQ‡jv bv? ZvI †Zv wVK bq! Avgv‡ì mvg‡bB GiKg cÖvYxi D`vniY †Zv i‡q‡Q hv‡ì mœvqy¸‡jv Lye wbLuyZfv‡e Av‡jv-MÖnYKvix †Kvl¸‡jvi wcQ‡b emv‡bv Av‡Q! ¯‹zBW Ges AK‡Uvcv‡miI Avgv‡ì gZB GK ai‡bi †jÝ Ges Aw¶cUhy³ †PvL Av‡Q, hvi

cÖ‡qvRbxq mœvqyMy‡jv Aw¶c‡Ui wcQ‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges Zvi d‡j Zv‡ì †Pv‡L †Kvb evBÛ ¯ú‡Ui m„wó nq wb| Avm‡j weeZ©b Z‡Ë¡i gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li GB mxgve×Zv ev µwU‡K Lye mn‡RB e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| weeZ©b KvR K‡i ïaygvÎ B‡Zvg‡a¨ ˆZwi ev we`¨gvb MVb‡K cwieZ©b Kivi gva¨‡g, †m byZb K‡i wKQy m„wó ev e`j Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †gi“`Êx cÖvYxi †PvL m„wó n‡q‡Q gw¯—‡®‹i evB‡ii w`‡Ki Ask‡K cwieZ©b K‡i hv A‡bK Av‡MB m„wó n‡qwQj, eûKvj a‡i weeZ©b cÖwµqvq gw¯—‡®‹i GB AskwU cwiewZ©Z n‡Z n‡Z Av‡jvi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxjZv jvf K‡i‡Q| gw¯—‡®‹i GB ms‡e`bkxj †Kvl¸‡jv Aw¶c‡Ui AvKvi aviY Ki‡jI gw¯—‡®‹i cyi‡bv g~j MVbwU †Zv Avi e`‡j †h‡Z cv‡iwb, Zvi d‡j GB Rv‡ji gZ Qwo‡q _vKv mœvqy¸‡jvI Zv‡ì Av‡Mi Ae¯’v‡bB i‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘ Ab¨w`‡K gjv¯‹ RvZxq (†hgb ¯‹zBW ev A‡±vcvm) cÖvYxi †PvL weewZ©Z n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Pvgovi Ask †_‡K, gw¯—‡®‹i Ask †_‡K bq| G‡¶‡Î Z¡‡Ki mœvqy¸‡jv †gi“`Êx cÖvYxi gZ wVK evB‡ii ¯—‡i bv †_‡K wfZ‡ii ¯—‡i mvRv‡bv _v‡K, Avi G Kvi‡YB mœvqy¸‡jv gjv‡¯‹i †Pv‡Li Aw¶c‡Ui mvg‡b bq eis wcQ‡bB i‡q †M‡Q| Avgv‡ì †PvL hw` Gfv‡e jvL jvL eQi a‡i cÖvK…wZKfv‡e weewZ©Z bv n‡q †Kvb c~e©cwiKwíZ wWRvBb †_‡K ˆZwi nZ Zvn‡j nq‡Zv †Pv‡Li GZ mxgve×Zv wb‡q weÁvbx‡ìI gv_v Nvgv‡Z nZ bv|

AvYweK RxeweÁv‡bi K_v D‡jL bv Ki‡j †PvL wb‡q Av‡jvPbv †Zv m¤ú~Y© n‡e bv| weMZ K‡qK `k‡K RxeweÁv‡bi GB kvLvwU ixwZgZ wece NwU‡q w`‡q‡Q| RxeweÁv‡bi g~j M‡elYv GLb †Pv‡Li gZ eo KvVv‡gv †_‡K m‡i G‡m Zvi †Kv‡l G‡m †V‡K‡Q| mv¤cÖwZK M‡elYv †_‡K cvIqv djvdj¸‡jv ixwZgZ we¯§qKi| †`Lv †M‡Q, KxUcZ‡½i †Pv‡Li mv‡_ gvby‡li †Pv‡Li KvVv‡gvMZ hZ êmv`„k¨B _vKzK bv †Kb, Giv GKB ai‡Yi eskvbym„Z `ªe¨ w`‡q ˆZwi| Av‡jvi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj †cÖvwUb Acwmbm (Opsins) Ges c¨v·6 (Pax6) bv‡gi GKwU cÖavb wbqvgK wRb (master control gene) Luy‡R †c‡q‡Qb weÁvbxiv hv w`‡q Zviv Bu`yi †_‡K ïi“ K‡i d«zU d¬vB Ges d«zU d¬vB †_‡K ïi“ K‡i gvbyl ch©š— mKj cÖRvwZi †Pv‡Li D™¢e‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡ib 35| ïay ZvB bq AÜ Wª‡mvwd‡ji g‡a¨

gy³v‡š^lv

35

G wRbwU cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q K…wÎgfv‡e †Pv‡Li D™¢eI NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q35,36| GB wR‡bi Avwe®‹vi †Pv‡Li weeZ©‡bi avivwU‡K Av‡iv ¯úófv‡e Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| G Kvi‡YB †bBj k¨vsKm Zvi MW `¨ †Wwfj GÛ WviDBb eB‡q D‡jL K‡i‡QbÑ†Pv‡Li e¨vcviUv weeZ©bev‡ì Rb¨ P¨v‡jÄ n‡q IVvi e`‡j eis AvR weeZ©‡bi c‡¶ cÖgvY wn‡m‡eB Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q| 12

wjnvB wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖvYimvqbwe` W. gvB‡Kj we‡n B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvB‡bi cÖe³v‡ì Ab¨Zg| Zvi WviDBbm e¨vK e· t w` ev‡qv‡KwgK¨vj P¨v‡jÄ Uz †ifyjy¨kvb (1996) eBwU wbtm‡›`‡n mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvB‡bi mg_©‡b me‡P‡q kw³kvjx eB| G eB‡q W. we‡n n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUjZv (BwiwWDwmej Kg‡cw·wU) bv‡g bZyb GKwU cwifvlv m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, mij Ae¯’v n‡Z RwUj RxeRM‡Zi m„wó ïaygvÎ cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g m„wó n‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUjZvUv wK? W. we‡n Zvi eB‡q e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e 32:

†h mg¯— ˆRe Zš¿ (ev‡qvjwRK¨vj wm‡÷g) bvbv ai‡Yi, ch©vqµwgK, wKsev mvgvb¨ cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q †Kvbµ‡gB MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡ì Avwg n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUjZv bv‡g AwfwnZ Kwi| n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUjZv Avgvi †Ìqv GK eY©vX¨ kãgvjv hvi gva¨‡g Avwg cvi®úwiK wg_w¯Œqvq (B›Uvi A¨vKkvb) Ask †bIqv GKvwaK hš¿vs‡ki GKwU wm‡÷g‡K †evSvBÑ hvi ga¨ †_‡K GKwU Ask Ly‡j wb‡jB wm‡÷gwU Avi KvR Ki‡e bv|

we‡n cy‡iv e¨vcviwU †evSv‡Z gvby‡li wWRvBb Kiv Bu`yi aivi K‡ji D`vniY nvwRi K‡i‡Qb| G mvaviY hš¿wUi g‡a¨ _v‡KÑ 1. Kv‡Vi cvUvZb 2. avZe nvZzwoÑhvi mvnv‡h¨ Bu`yi gviv nq 3. w¯cÖsÑhvi †kl gv_vwU nvZzwoi mv‡_ AvUKv‡bv _v‡K 4. GKwU duv`Ñhv w¯cÖswU‡K wegy³ K‡i Ges 5. GKwU avZe `Ê hv duv‡ì mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K Ges nvZzwowU‡K a‡i _v‡K| we‡ni hyw³ nj ïay c¨vUdg© ev w¯cÖs-Gi

aivi K‡ji Kvh©KwiZv bó n‡q hv‡e| Kv‡RB we‡ni g‡Z, GwU GKwU n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUj wm‡÷‡gi fvj D`vniY| wVK GKBfv‡e we‡n g‡b K‡ib cÖK…wZ‡Z e¨vK‡Uwiqvi d¬v‡Rjvg¸‡jv n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUj| G d¬v‡Rjvg¸‡jvi cÖvš—‡`‡k GKai‡Yi ˆRe †gvUi Av‡Q †h¸‡jv‡K e¨vK‡Uwiqv Zvi †Kvl¸‡jv‡K ¯^cÖPvj‡bi (†mjd-cÖcvjkvb) Kv‡R eënvi K‡i| Zvi mv‡_ Pvey‡Ki gZ †`L‡Z GK iK‡gi cÖ‡cjviI Av‡Q, †h¸‡jv IB AvYweK †gvU‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Nyi‡Z cv‡i| †cÖv‡cjvi¸‡jv GKwU mvaviY (BDwbfvm©vj) R‡q‡›Ui gva¨‡g †gvU‡ii mvnv‡h¨ jvMv‡bv _v‡K| †gvUiwU Avevi GK ai‡Yi †cÖvwU‡bi gva¨‡g RvqMvgZ ivLv _v‡K, †h¸‡jv we‡ni g‡Z ÷¨vU‡ii f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Av‡iK ai‡Yi †cÖvwUb eywks c`v‡_©i f~wgKv cvjb K‡i hvi d‡j PvjK-`ÊwU (WªvBf k¨vdU) e¨vK‡Uwiqvi wSjx‡K (†gg‡eªb) we× Ki‡Z cv‡i| we‡n e‡jb, e¨vK‡Uwiqvi d¬v‡Rjvg¸‡jv‡K wVKgZ Kg©¶g ivL‡Z WRbLv‡bK wfbœ wfbœ †cÖvwUb mw¤§wjZfv‡e KvR K‡i| †h †Kvb GKwU †cÖvwU‡bi Afv‡e d¬v‡Rjvg¸‡jv KvR Ki‡e bv, GgbwK †Kvl¸‡jvI †f‡½ co‡e|

RxeweÁvbxiv we‡ni me¸‡jv hyw³B LÊY K‡i‡Qb| we‡ni D`vni‡Y ewY©Z IB Bu`yi aivi KjwUi K_vB aiv hvK| KjwU ¯¿“ WªvBfvi w`‡q Ly‡j Gi duv` Ges avZe `ÊwU mwi‡q wbb| Gevi Avcbvi nv‡Z †hwU _vK‡e †mwU Avi Bu`y‡ii Kj bq, eis Zvi Aewkó wZbwU hš¿vsk wb‡q MwVZ †gwkbwU Avcwb mn‡RB UvB wK¬c ev †ccvi wK¬c wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Gev‡i w¯cÖswU‡K mwi‡q wbb| Gev‡i Avcbvi nv‡Z _vK‡e `yB hš¿vs‡ki GKwU Pvwei †PBb| Avevi cÖ_‡g mwi‡q †bIqv duv`wU‡K gvQ aivi wQc wn‡m‡eI Avcwb eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, wVK †hgwbfv‡e Kv‡Vi cvUvZbwU‡K eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib †ccvi I‡qU wn‡m‡e| A_©vr †h wm‡÷gwU‡K GZ¶b n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUj fvev nw”Qj, Zv‡K Av‡iv A‡bK †QvU †QvU fv‡M †f‡½ †d‡j Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡R eënvi Kiv hvq|

e¨vK‡Uwiqvi d¬v‡Rjvg¸‡jvi †¶‡Î Avmv hvK| we‡n †hgb †f‡ewQ‡jb †Kvb †cÖvwUb mwi‡q †dj‡j d¬v‡Rjvg¸‡jv Avi KvR Ki‡e bv, A_©vr cy‡iv wm‡÷gwUB A‡K‡Rv n‡q co‡e, Zv †gv‡UI mwZ¨ bq| eªvDb BDwbfvwm©wUi Aa¨vcK †K‡b_ wgjvi

gy³v‡š^lv

36

cix¶v K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb wKQy ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †cÖvwUb mwi‡q †djvi ciI d¬v‡Rjvg¸‡jv KvR K‡i‡Q; eû e¨K‡Uwiqv GwU‡K Ab¨ †Kvb †Kv‡li †fZi wel †X‡j †Ìqvi DcKiY wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Q| A_©vr weÁvbxiv cÖgvY Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb †h, d¬v‡Rjvg¸‡jvi wewfbœ As‡ki Avjv`v Avjv`v KvR _vK‡jI cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv myweav †c‡Z cv‡i| RxeweÁv‡b Ggb A‡bK D`vniY †`qv hvq †hLv‡b wewfbœ A½-cÖZ¨½ GK mgq GK D‡Ï‡k¨ eëüZ n‡jI cieZ©x‡Z Ab¨ Kv‡R eën„Z n‡q‡Q| D‡jL‡hvM¨ D`vniY n‡”Q mixm„‡ci †Pvqv‡ji nvo †_‡K ¯—b¨cvqxi Kv‡bi DrcwË| AvR‡K Avgv‡ì Kv‡bi w`‡K ZvKv‡j IwU‡K n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUj e‡j

g‡b n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Avw`‡Z Zv wQj bv| Ggb bq †h, nVvr K‡iB GKw`b †Pvqv‡ji nvo¸‡jv wVK K‡i †djj Zviv Kv‡bi nv‡o cwiYZ n‡q hv‡e; eis Gi Rb¨ A‡bK PovB DrivB cvi n‡Z n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz ¯—b¨cvqx cÖvYx‡ì Rb¨ Kâvwenxb †Pvqv‡ji cÖ‡qvRb †bB, weeZ©‡bi avivevwnKZvq †m¸‡jv Kv‡bi nv‡o iƒc wb‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB DrcwËi mvgwMÖK BwZnvm bv †R‡b ïay †PvL, Kvb wKsev d¬v‡Rjvg¸‡jvi w`‡K ZvKv‡j I¸‡jv‡K n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUj e‡j g‡b n‡Z cv‡i êwK|

G hy‡Mi cÖw_Zhkv mskqev`x, †Uwbwm wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Dw™¢`we`¨v welqK Aa¨vcK W. gvwm‡gv wcwMDwm Zvi ÔwWRvBb B‡qm, B‡›Uwj‡R›U †bv t G wµwUK Ae B‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb w_‡qvwi GÛ wbI wµ‡qkwbRgÕ cÖe‡Ü e‡jb, RxeRM‡Z nqZ †ek wKQy D`vniY _vK‡Z cv‡i †h¸‡jv‡K RxeweÁvbxiv weeZ©b Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K G gyn~‡Z© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv; KviY RxeweÁvbx‡ì nv‡Z h‡_ó cwigvY Z_¨ †bB| Kv‡RB GwU g~jZ AÁZvm~PK (Avi¸‡g›U dªg BM‡bv‡iÝ), KL‡bvB we‡ni Z_vKw_Z n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUjZvi cÖgvY bq| Avgiv G cÖe‡Ü Av‡MB D‡jL K‡iwQ †h, DBwjqvg c¨v‡j hLb AvVv‡iv kZ‡K Avi¸‡g›U Ae wWRvBb ev m„wói AbyK‡íi AeZviYv K‡iwQ‡jb ZLb wZwb †Pv‡Li MVb wb‡q hvicibvB wew¯§Z n‡qwQ‡jb| c¨v‡j †f‡ewQ‡jb †Pv‡Li gZ GKwU RwUj cÖZ¨½ †Kvbfv‡eB cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q weewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ AvR‡Ki w`‡bi RxeweÁvbxiv ch©vß Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g †Pv‡Li weeZ©‡bi avç‡jv m¤ú‡K© cy‡ivcywi wbwðZ n‡q‡Qb| g¨vU Bqs Zvi ÔMÖ¨vÛ wWRvBbm GÛ d¨vmvBj Gbv‡jvwRm t G·‡cvwRs we‡nÕm gvDm Uª¨vc GÛ †Ww¤^¯‹Õm A¨v‡ivÕ cÖe‡Ü e‡jbt Avav-‡Pv‡Li hyw³ MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡”Q bv †`‡L W. we‡n GLb Avav d¬v‡Rjv‡gi hyw³ nvwRi K‡i‡Qb; Avi GKUv Mvjfiv bvgI Luy‡R †ei K‡i‡QbÑ n«vm-A‡hvM¨ RwUjZv| wKš‘ GwU IB cyi‡bv Avav-†Pv‡Li hyw³B| Avi Mvjfiv cwifvlv ev` w`‡j GwU †kl ch©š— IB AÁZvm~PK hyw³ ev MW Bb M¨vcm|33

Gev‡i †R¨vwZc©`v_©weÁv‡bi `„wó‡Z m„wói eyw×`xß AbyK‡íi e¨vcviUv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvK|34 aiv hvK gva¨vKl©‡Yi K_v| wbDUb Zuvi gva¨vKl©Y m~‡Î GKwU aª“eK eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb hv‡K Avgiv ewj wbDUbxq

Gev‡i †R¨vwZc©`v_©weÁv‡bi `„wó‡Z m„wói eyw×`xß AbyK‡íi e¨vcviUv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvK|34 aiv hvK gva¨vKl©‡Yi K_v| wbDUb Zuvi gva¨vKl©Y m~‡Î GKwU aª“eK eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb hv‡K Avgiv ewj wbDUbxq aª“eK, ev gnvKl©xq aª“eK| wbDUb Zuvi †mB weL¨vZ m~‡Î †`wL‡qwQ‡jb, `y‡Uv e¯‘i g‡a¨ AvKl©Y e‡ji cwigvY wVK KZUv n‡e †mUv wbY©‡q GB gnvKl©xq aª“eK bv‡gi ivwkwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| hw` IB aª“eKwUi gvb GLb hv Av‡Q Zv bv n‡q AbïKg nZ AvKl©Y e‡ji cwigvYI †hZ e`‡j| mv`v †Pv‡L g‡b n‡e †h e¨vcviUv mvgvb¨B, AvKl©Y ej e`jv‡jI eywS †Zgb wKQy Avm‡e hv‡e bv| wKš‘ weÁvbxiv e‡jb, IB aª“e‡Ki gvb Avm‡j Avgv‡ì GB cwiwPZ wek¦eªþv‡Êi cÖK…wZ wba©viY Ki‡Q|

gy³v‡š^lv

37

aª“eK, ev gnvKl©xq aª“eK| wbDUb Zuvi †mB weL¨vZ m~‡Î †`wL‡qwQ‡jb, `y‡Uv e¯‘i g‡a¨ AvKl©Y e‡ji cwigvY wVK KZUv n‡e †mUv wbY©‡q GB gnvKl©xq aª“eK bv‡gi ivwkwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| hw` IB aª“eKwUi gvb GLb hv Av‡Q Zv bv n‡q AbïKg nZ AvKl©Y e‡ji cwigvYI †hZ e`‡j| mv`v †Pv‡L g‡b n‡e †h e¨vcviUv mvgvb¨B, AvKl©Y ej e`jv‡jI eywS †Zgb wKQy Avm‡e hv‡e bv| wKš‘ weÁvbxiv e‡jb, IB aª“e‡Ki gvb Avm‡j Avgv‡ì GB cwiwPZ wek¦eªþv‡Êi cÖK…wZ wba©viY Ki‡Q| IUvi gvb GLb hv Av‡Q Zv bv n‡q hw` Ab¨ ai‡bi wKQy nZ Zv n‡j GB eªþvÊUvB nZ AbïKg| IB aª“e‡Ki gvb wfbœ n‡j Zviv‡ì g‡a¨ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb wbt‡kwlZ n‡q wnwjqvg Drcv`‡bi gvÎv‡K w`Z e`‡j| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb-wnwjqv‡gi ch©vßZv ïay GB gnvKl©xq aª“eK Gi DciB bq, gnvKl© Ges `ye©j cvigvYweK e‡ji ga¨Kvi kw³i fvimv‡gï DciI A‡bKvs‡k wbf©ikxj| †hgb, Zviv †`wL‡q‡Qb, `ye©j cvigvYweK e‡ji kw³ hw` GKUz †ewk nZ, GB gnvwe‡k¦ cy‡ivUvB gv‡b kZKiv GKkfvM nvB‡Wªv‡Rb c~Y© _vKZ, KviY wWD‡Uvwiqvg (GwU‡K ejv hvq nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi GKwU gvmZz‡Zv fvB, hv‡K weÁv‡bi fvlvq e‡j AvB‡mv‡Uvc) Avi wnwjqv‡g cwiYZ nevi Av‡MB mg¯— wbDUªb wbt‡kl n‡q †hZ| Avevi `ye©j cvigvYweK e‡ji kw³gËv Av‡iKUz Kg n‡j mviv gnvwe‡k¦ kZKiv GKk fvMB nZ wnwjqvg| KviY †m †¶‡Î wbDUªb wbt‡kwlZ bv n‡q Zv Drcbœ †cÖvU‡bi mv‡_ †hvM w`‡q nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ˆZwi‡Z evav w`Z| Kv‡RB G `ywU Pig Ae¯’vi †h †Kvb GKwU mwVK n‡j gnvwe‡k¦ †Kvb b¶ÎivwR ˆZwi nIqvi gZ Ae¯’vB KL‡bv ˆZwi nZ bv, NUZ bv Avgv‡ì GB gjqkxZjv aiYx‡Z Kve©b-wfwËK cÖv‡Yi bv›`wbK weKvk| Avevi weÁvbxiv B‡jKUªb gvc‡Z wM‡q †`‡L‡Qb Gi fi wbDUªb †cÖvU‡bi f‡ii †P‡q wKQyUv Kg hvi d‡j Zviv g‡b K‡ib, GKwU gy³-wbDUªb mn‡RB †cÖvUb, B‡j±ªb I A¨vw›U-wbDUªwb‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z †c‡i‡Q| hw` B‡jUª‡bi fi mvgvb¨ †ewkx nZ, wbDUªb Zvn‡j myw¯’Z n‡q †hZ, Avi m„wói cÖvi‡¤¢ Drcbœ mg¯— B‡jKUªb Avi †cÖvUb GKmv‡_ wg‡jwg‡k wbDUª‡b cwiYZ n‡q †hZ| Gi d‡j †hUv NUZ †mUv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Lye GKUv myLcÖ` wKQy bq| †m †¶‡Î Lye Kg cwigv‡Y nvB‡Wªv‡RbB †kl ch©š— wU‡K _vKZ Avi Zv n‡j b¶‡Îi Rb¨ ch©vß R¡vjvbxB nqZ Luy‡R

cvIqv †hZ bv| Rb wW. e¨v‡iv Ges dªv¼ †R. wUcjvi G ai‡Yi bvbv ai‡Yi inm¨gq †hvMv‡hvM Zz‡j a‡i GKwU eB wj‡L‡Qb 1986 mv‡j, bvgÑ Ô The Anthropic Cosmological PrincipleÕ| Zv‡ì e³e¨ nj, Avgv‡ì gnvwe‡k¦ MÖ¨vwf‡Ukbvj A_ev KmgjwRKvj aª“eK¸‡jvi gvb Ggb †Kb, wKsev gnvwe‡k¦i †PnvivUvB ev Ggb †Kb n‡q‡Q Zvi DËi †c‡Z n‡j e¨vL¨v LuyR‡Z n‡e c„w_ex‡Z cÖvY Ges gvby‡li Dcw¯’wZi w`‡K ZvwK‡q| c„w_ex‡Z cÖvY m„wói Rb¨ m‡e©vcwi gvby‡li Avwef©v‡ei Rb¨ GB †gŠwjK aª“eK Avi PjK¸‡jvi gvb wVK GgbB nIqvi ìKvi wQj Ñ †m Rb¨B I¸‡jv IiKg| ˆèµ‡g I¸‡jv N‡Uwb, eis Gi †cQ‡b GK eyw×`xß mË¡vi (A_©vr weavZvi) GKwU my®úó D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q| gvbyl‡K †K‡›`ª †i‡L wek¦eªþv‡Êi wbqg-bxwZ¸‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Kievi GB hyw³‡K ejv nq A¨vb_ªwcK Avi¸‡g›U (Anthropic arguments) ev biZ¡evPK hyw³| MwYZwe` Ges `vk©wbK W. DBwjqvg †W¤^w¯‹ 1999 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ ÔIntelligent Design: The Bridge between Science and TheologyÕ eB‡q Z_¨ weÁv‡bi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb, Avgv‡ì GB gnvwe‡k¦i wfZi †h ai‡bi weg~Z© Z_¨ jyKv‡bv Av‡Q Zv †Kvbfv‡eB cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g m„ó n‡Z cv‡i bv|

G ai‡bi hyw³¸‡jv cÖ_g `„wó‡Z Lye AvKl©Yxq †`Lv‡jI, AbymwÜrmy mskqev`x †PvL w`‡q †`L‡j wKš‘ bvbv `ye©jZv cÖKvk cvq| cÖ_gZt e¨v‡iv Ges wUcjvi †h hyw³¸‡jv w`‡q‡Qb †m †¶‡Î GwU a‡iB †bqv n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì c„w_ex‡Z †hfv‡e Kve©bwfwËK cÖv‡Yi weKvk N‡U‡Q †mfv‡e Qvov Avi Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e cÖv‡Yi m„ó n‡Z cv‡I bv| G mÁvZ aviYvwU KLbB m‡›`‡ni D‡×© bq| †hgb weÁvbxiv wKš‘ Kve©‡bi cvkvcvwk wmwjKb wfwËK cÖv‡Yi weKvk‡KI B`vwbsKv‡j †ek ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q we‡ePbv K‡ib| cÖK…wZ‡Z cvIqv WvqvUg (RxeweÁv‡bi fvlvq G¸‡jv GK ai‡bi Ôeukaryotic algaeÕ) Ggwb GKwU D`vniY| G QvovI Avgv‡ì Kw¤úDUv‡i, i‡ev‡U wmwjKb wfwËK wP‡ci e¨vcK eënvi Kve©b wfwËK cÖv‡Yi cvkvcvwk AvMvgx c„w_ex‡Z wmwjKbwfwËK K…wÎg cÖv‡Yi m¤¢vebv‡KI ¯úó K‡i †Zv‡j| Avevi Avgiv cÖvqktB ïwb †h, Avgv‡ì c„w_ex‡Z Zvc, Pvc mewKQy hw` mwVK Abycv‡Z bv

gy³v‡š^lv

38

_vKZ, Z‡e bvwK cÖv‡Yi weKvk NUZ bv| GB †h c„w_ex 23.5 wWMÖx‡Z †n‡j Av‡Q, Zvi GK Pzj Gw`K Iw`K n‡j Zvc Avi Pv‡ci Ggb êlg¨ ˆZwi nZ †h, cÖvY m„wóB Am¤¢e GKUv e¨vcv‡i cwiYZ nZ| wKš‘ A‡b‡KB cÖv‡Yi G ai‡bi msKxY© msÁvi mv‡_ GKgZ †cvlY K‡ib bv| Zviv e‡jb, Avgiv I ai‡bi m‡e©vËg cwi‡e‡k weKwkZ n‡qwQ e‡j Avgiv g‡b Kwi cÖv‡Yi DrcwËi Rb¨ wVK I ai‡bi cwi‡ekB jvM‡e| †hgb evZv‡m mwVK Abycv‡Z Aw·‡Rb, Pvc, Zvc BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv GKwU mÁvZ aviYv, cÖvgvwYK mZ¨ bq| Aw·‡Rb‡K Rxeb weKv‡ki AY¨Zg Dcv`vb e‡j g‡b Kiv nq, wKš‘ gvwUi wb‡P Ggb A‡bK e¨vK‡Uwiqvi mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q hv‡ì Rb¨ Aw·‡Rb kyay AcÖ‡qvRbxq bq, ixwZgZ ¶wZKi| mgy‡`ªi Mfxi Zj‡`‡k GgbwK †K‡ivwmb †Z‡ji wfZ‡ii ‰ewi cwi‡e‡kI cÖv‡Yi weKvk N‡U‡Q Ggb cÖgvY weÁvbx‡ì Kv‡Q Av‡QÑ †h cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Avm‡j Avgv‡ì msÁvwqZ m‡e©vËg cwi‡e‡k †KvbB wgj †bB| Kv‡RB njd K‡i ejv hvq bv †h, gnvRvMwZK aª“eK Avi PjK¸‡jvi gvb AbïKg n‡j GB gnvwe‡k¦ cÖv‡Yi weKvk NUZ bv| weL¨vZ †R¨vwZc©`v_©we` Aa¨vcK wfKUi †÷sMi Zvi ÔThe Unconscious Quantum: Metaphysics in Modern Physics and Cosmology’ hB‡q †`wL‡q‡Qb, PjK Avi aª“eK¸‡jvi gvb cwieZ©b K‡i Avgv‡ì wek¦eªþv‡Êi gZB AmsL¨ wek¦ eªþvÊ ˆZwi Kiv hvq, †hLv‡bi cÖv‡Yi D™¢‡ei gZ cwi‡ek m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| Gi Rb¨ m~² †Kvb mgš^‡qi (ev dvBb wUDwbs) †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB| W. †÷sMi hLb e‡jb, m~²-mgš^qev`x‡ì `vwei Ggb †Kvb wfwË †bB hv‡Z Zviv Abygvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, GKgvÎ GKwU msKxY© mxgv Qvov Rxeb m„wó Am¤¢eÑ ZLb †mwU‡K ¸i“Z¡ bv w`‡q Avgv‡ì Dcvq _v‡K bv| G QvovI wdwRKvj wiwfD Rvb©v‡j m¤cÖwZ cÖKvwkZ gnvwe‡k¦i QqwU c¨vivwgUvi ev cwieZ©¨ ivwk¸‡jv wewfbœfv‡e A`je`j K‡i MÖn, Zviv Ges cwi‡k‡l †Kvb GKwU MÖ‡n eyw×`xß Rxeb MV‡bi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e Ñ †Kvb ai‡Yi biZ¡evPK hyw³i Avg`vbx QvovB|

dvBb wUDwbs Avi¸‡g‡›Ui mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb †bv‡ej weRqx weÁvbx w÷‡fb I‡qBbevM©I| wZwb ÔA Designer UniverseÕ cÖe‡Ü G ai‡bi hyw³i

mgv‡jvPbv K‡i e‡jb:

†Kvb †Kvb c`v_©we` Av‡Qb hviv e‡jb cÖK…wZi wKQy aª“e‡Ki gvb¸‡jvi Ggb wKQy gv‡bi mv‡_ inm¨gqfv‡e m~²-mgš^q (dvBb wUDwbs) N‡U‡Q †h¸‡jv Rxeb MV‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv cÖ`vb K‡i| G fv‡e GKRb gvbe ì`x m„wóKZ©v‡K Kíbv K‡i weÁv‡bi me inm¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv †Póv Kiv nq| Avwg GB ai‡Yi m~²-mgš^‡qi aviYvq †gv‡UI mš‘ó bB|

gvB‡Kj AvB‡K`v, wej †Rwd«m, wfKUi †÷sMi, wiPvW© WwKÝmn A‡bK weÁvbxB g‡b K‡ib GB dvBb wUDwbs ev Gb_ªwcK AvM©y‡g›U¸‡jv †mB cyi‡bv ÔMW Bb M¨c‡miBÕ bqv ms¯‹KiY| †hLv‡b inm¨ cvIqv hv‡”Q, wKsev AvaywbK weÁv‡bi mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y wKQy e¨vL¨v Kiv hv‡”Q bv, †mLv‡bB AwZcÖvK…wZK †Kvb wKQy Avg`vwb K‡i GKUv e¨vL¨v ùvo Kiv‡bv n‡”Q| Gfv‡e gy³eyw× Ges weÁvb PP©v‡K DrmvwnZ bv K‡i eis AÜ wek¦v‡mi Kv‡Q cÖKvivš—‡i bwZ ¯^xKv‡i Avgv‡ì‡K eva¨ Kiv n‡”Q|

Avm‡j A‡bK weÁvbxB AvR GB g‡Zi Ici cy‡ivcywi Av¯’vkxj †h, gnvwek¦ †gv‡UI m~²fv‡e mgwš^Z (dvBb wUDbW) bq, eis AvgivB GB wek¦eªþv‡Ê wU‡K _vKvi msMÖv‡g wb‡R‡ì‡K m~²fv‡e mgwš^Z K‡i M‡o wb‡qwQ| e¨vcviUv nqZ wg‡_¨ bq| AveviI Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li K_vB aiv hvK| gvby‡li †PvL weewZ©Z n‡q‡Q Ggbfv‡e †h, GwU jvj †_‡K †e¸wb ch©š— Ñ GB mxgvi Zwor Pz¤^K eY©vjx‡ZB †Kej ms‡e`bkxj| Gi KviY nj, Avgv‡ì evqygÊj †f` K‡i GB mxgvi Av‡jvB eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i c„w_ex‡Z G‡m †cuŠQy‡”Q| Kv‡RB †mB Ae¯’vi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L Avgv‡ì †PvLI †mfv‡eB weewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| GLb GB cy‡iv e¨vcviwU‡K †KD D‡ëvfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z PvB‡Z cv‡ib| ej‡Z cv‡ib †h, †Kvb GK eyw×`xß mË¡v Avgv‡ì †PvL‡K jvj †_‡K †e¸wb Av‡jvi mxgvq ms‡e`bkxj K‡i Mo‡eb e‡jB evqygÊ‡ji gva¨‡g wZwb †mB mxgvi gaëZ©x cwim‡ii Av‡jv Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`b| ZvB Avgv‡ì †PvL GiKg| wKš‘ Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v KivUv KZUv †hŠw³K? G†Zv A‡bKUv †Nvovi Av‡M Mvwo Ry‡o †`qvi gZbB †kvbvq| ZviciI m~²

gy³v‡š^lv

39

mgš^qev`xiv wVK Gfv‡eB hyw³ w`‡Z cQ›` K‡ib| gnvRvMwZK aª“eK¸‡jvi gvb GiKg †Kb, êÁvwbKfv‡e GwU bv Luy‡R Gi e¨vL¨v wn‡m‡eÑbv n‡j c‡i c„w_ex‡Z cÖv‡Yi Avi gvby‡li Avwef©ve NUZ bv Ñ GB ai‡Yi hyw³ nvwRi K‡ib| cÖvY m„wói D‡Ïk¨B hw` gyL¨ nq, Z‡e gnvwe‡õvi‡Yi ci m„wóKZ©v †Kb 700 †KvwU eQi jvwM‡qwQ‡jb GB c„w_ex ˆZwi Ki‡Z, Avi Zvici Av‡iv 600 †KvwU eQi jvwM‡qwQ‡jb gvby‡li E‡b¥l NUv‡ZÑZvi †Kvb †hŠw³K e¨vL¨v cvIqv hvq bv| c„w_ex DrcwËi BwZnvm cwiµgvq AvR Avgiv Rvwb, gvbyl †Zv cy‡iv mg‡qi GKk fv‡Mi GKfv‡MiI Kg mgq a‡i c„w_ex‡Z ivRZ¡ Ki‡Q| ZviciI gvbyl‡K GZ eo Ki Zz‡j a‡i gnvwek¦‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi wK cÖ‡qvRb?

Avm‡j kZvãx-cÖvPxb gvbe‡Kw›`ªK ms¯‹v‡ii f~Z g‡b nq Kv‡iv Kv‡iv gv_v †_‡K bvg‡Q bv| †mB U‡jgxi mgq †_‡KB Avgiv Zv †`‡L G‡mwQ| Avgv‡ì GB c„w_exUv †h gnvKv‡ki †KvwU †KvwU MÖn-b¶‡Îi fx‡o nvwi‡q hvIqv GKwU wbZvš— mvaviY MÖn gvÎ Ñ GwU †h †Kvb wKQyiB †K›`ª bq Ñ bv †mŠiRM‡Zi, bv GB wekvj gnvwe‡k¦i Ñ G mZ¨wU MÖnY Ki‡Z gvby‡li A‡bKUv mgq †j‡M‡Q| c„w_ex‡K †mŠiRM‡Zi †K›`ª †_‡K mwi‡q w`‡j Gi wewkóZv ¶zYœ nq, GB f‡qB †eva nq U‡jwgi f~‡Kw›`ªK g‡Wj Rbgvb‡m ivRZ¡ K‡i‡Q cÖvq `y nvRvi eQi a‡i, Avi ag©-we‡ivax mZ¨ D”Pvi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvcvwb©Kvm, eª“‡bv, M¨vwjwjI‡ì mB‡Z n‡q‡Q wbh©vZb| GKB `„wóf½x Avgiv †`‡LwQ Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z (1859 mv‡j) hLb Pvj©m WviDb Ges Avj‡d«W iv‡mj Iqv‡jm cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g RxeRM‡Zi weeZ©‡bi cÖ¯—ve DÌvcb Ki‡jb| weeZ©‡bi aviYv mvaviY gvbyl GLbI gb †_‡K wb‡Z cv‡i wb KviY GB ZË¡ MÖnY Ki‡j m„wói †miv Rxe gvby‡li wewkóZv ¶zYœ n‡q hvq! GB ms¯‹v‡ii f~Z GK-`yw`‡b `~i nevi bq| ZvB inm¨ †`L‡jB, RwUjZv †`L‡jB gvbyl AvRI wb‡R‡K m„wói †K‡›`ª †i‡L, c„w_ex‡K gnvwe‡k¦i †K‡›`ª ewm‡q mgvavb †LuvRvi †Póv K‡i| m~²-mgš^qev` Avi biZ¡evPK hyw³¸‡jv GRb¨B GK †kªYxi gvby‡li Kv‡Q GLbI GZ AvKl©Yxq e‡j g‡b nq|

AwaKvsk weÁvbxB AvR g‡b K‡ib gnvwek¦ m„wói †cQ‡b m„wói eyw×`xß AbyKíwU (RxeweÁvb Ges †R¨vwZc©`v_©weÁvbÑ Dfq †¶‡ÎB) wKQy †Muvov

wLª÷vb‡ì ag©wek¦vm †_‡K D™¢yZ GKwU wek¦vm-wbf©i aviYvi PZzi Awfe¨w³ gvÎ| Ges GwU mwVKfv‡e msÁvwqZI bq †h GwUi mZ¨Zv †Kvb ai‡bi êÁvwbK cix¶vi Øviv KLbI wbY©xZ nIqv m¤¢e| †mRb¨B GwU KLbI weÁv‡bi Aš—f©~³ nIqvi `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| weÁvbxiv wewfbœ Z‡Ë¡i mvdj¨RbK cª‡qv‡MB gnvwe‡k¦i m„wóinm¨ DÑvUb Ki‡Z cÖqvmx n‡q‡Qb, eû †¶‡ÎB m‡š—vlRbK e¨vL¨v wb‡q nvwRi n‡”Qb| Gfv‡eB av‡c av‡c Avgiv G¸w”Q| ZviciI GUv Aek¨B ¯^xKvh© †h, Avgv‡ì Ávb weÁv‡bi †¶‡Î A‡bK RvqMv‡ZB GLbI duvK i‡q †M‡Q, i‡q †M‡Q A‡bK `y‡Á©q inm¨| wKš‘ Zvi gv‡b GB bq †h, RwUj wKQy †`L‡jB weÁvb Zvi †cQ‡b †Kvb m„Rbkxj mÁvZ mË¡v‡K êÁvwbK ZË¡ wn‡m‡e GZ mn‡RB êaZv w`‡q †`‡e| mij wm‡÷g †_‡K RwUj wm‡÷‡gi Dbœq‡bi D`vniY cÖK…wZ‡Z LuyR‡jB A‡bK cvIqv hv‡e| VvÛvq Rjxq ev®ú R‡g Zzlvi KwYKvq

Avm‡j kZvãx-cÖvPxb gvbe‡Kw›`ªK ms¯‹v‡ii f~Z g‡b nq Kv‡iv Kv‡iv gv_v †_‡K bvg‡Q bv| †mB U‡jgxi mgq †_‡KB Avgiv Zv †`‡L G‡mwQ| Avgv‡ì GB c„w_exUv †h gnvKv‡ki †KvwU †KvwU MÖn-b¶‡Îi fx‡o nvwi‡q hvIqv GKwU wbZvš— mvaviY MÖn gvÎ Ñ GwU †h †Kvb wKQyiB †K›`ª bq Ñ bv †mŠiRM‡Zi, bv GB wekvj gnvwe‡k¦i Ñ G mZ¨wU MÖnY Ki‡Z gvby‡li A‡bKUv mgq †j‡M‡Q| c„w_ex‡K †mŠiRM‡Zi †K›`ª †_‡K mwi‡q w`‡j Gi wewkóZv ¶zYœ nq, GB f‡qB †eva nq U‡jwgi f~‡Kw›`ªK g‡Wj Rbgvb‡m ivRZ¡ K‡i‡Q cÖvq `y nvRvi eQi a‡i, Avi ag©-we‡ivax mZ¨ D”Pvi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvcvwb©Kvm, eª“‡bv, M¨vwjwjI‡ì mB‡Z n‡q‡Q wbh©vZb|

gy³v‡š^lv

40

cwiYZ nIqv, wKsev evZvm Avi cvwbi SvcUvq cv_y‡i RvqMvq ˆZwi nIqv RwUj bKkvi K¨v‡_Wªv‡ji Aw¯—Z¡ G c„w_ex‡ZB Av‡Q| hLb cvnv‡oi Xvj †e‡q †b‡g Av‡m wewPÎ bKkvi wngevn, wKsev GK ckjv e„wói ci cwðgvKv‡k D`q nq ewY©j isabyi, gy» nq Avgv‡ì A‡b‡Ki gb, wKš‘ Avgiv †KD G¸‡jv ˆZwi nIqvi †cQ‡b mÁvZ mË¡vi `vwe Kwi bv| KviY Avgiv mevB Rvwb I¸‡jv meB ˆZwi nq †Kvb mÁvb mËvi n¯—‡¶c QvovB, c`v_©weÁv‡bi KZ¸‡jv cÖvYnxb wbqg‡K AbymiY K‡i| K¨vj‡÷U wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c`v_© weÁvb wefv‡Mi AemicÖvß GwgwiUvm Aa¨vcK gvK© †civL m¤cÖwZ ÔUnitelligent DesignÕ bv‡gi GKwU eB wj‡L‡Qb| eBwU‡Z wZwb DBwjqvg †W¤^w¯‹, gvB‡Kj we‡n Avi wdwjc Rbmbmn Ab¨vb¨ AvBwW cÖe³v‡ì mg¯— hyw³ LÛY K‡i Dcmsnvi †U‡b‡Qb GB e‡j †h, AvBwW KLbB weÁvb bq, eis QÙ‡ekx weÁvb, hv‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z Avgiv ewj my¨‡Wv mv‡qÝ| W. †civL Zvi eB‡q wbZ¨w`‡bi †ek wKQy mvaviY D`vniY nvwRi K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb, RwUjZv gv‡bB eyw×gË¡vi cÖKvk bq, Ab_©K RwUjZv eis cÖKvivš—‡i eyw×nxbZviB cÖKvk K‡i| Zvi fvlvq, †Kvb hš¿ Zv †m †gKvwbKvjB †nvK Avi ev‡qv‡gKvwbKjvB †nvK, hw` AwZwi³ RwUj nq, Zv eis eyw×nxb Dr‡mi w`‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i (AvbB‡›Uwj‡R›U wWRvBb, gvK© †civL, 2004, c„t 126)| Kv‡RB gnvwe‡k¦i wKsev RxeRM‡Zi RwUjZv‡K eyw×`xß AbyK‡íi cÖgvY fvevi †Kvb †hŠw³K KviY †bB|

Avi ZvQvov AvBwWi wei“‡× me‡P‡q eo hyw³ †Zv nv‡Zi mvg‡bB i‡q †M‡Q| Avgv‡ì GB RwUj gnvwe‡k¦i Aw¯—Z¡‡K e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ hw` †Kvb eyw×`xß mË¡vi mZ¨B cÖ‡qvRb nq, Z‡e a‡iB †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i †mB eyw×`xß mË¡v‡K GB gnvwe‡k¦i †P‡qI RwUj wKQy n‡Z n‡e| Zv n‡j †mB RwUj eyw×`xß mË¡vi Aw¯—Z¡ e¨vL¨v Kievi Rb¨ IB GKB hyw³‡Z Avevi Z‡ZvwaK RwUj †Kvb mË¡vi Avg`vwb Ki‡Z n‡e, Ggwbfv‡e RwUjZi mË¡vi Avg`vwbi †Ljv nqZ Pj‡ZB _vK‡e G‡Ki ci GK| G ai‡Yi hyw³ ZvB Avgv‡ì‡K Ab_©K Amxg‡Z¡i w`‡K †V‡j †`q, hv evUªvÛ iv‡mj Ges †WwfW wnD‡gi gZ `vk©wb‡Kiv A‡bK Av‡MB AMÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j evwZj K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| hZw`b ch©š— bv AvBwW êÁvwbK c×wZ,

hyw³ Avi mskqev‡ì cix¶vq DËxY© n‡”Q, ZZw`b ch©š— AvBwW cÖe³v‡ì fv‡Mï wku‡K wQuo‡Q bv e‡jB g‡b n‡”Q|

m„wóev`x‡ì weeZ©b : Gi †kl †Kv_vq?

AvBwWIqvjv‡ì †P‡q eis cÖMwZkxj Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Qb wek¦vmx weeZ©bev`xiv| Zuviv g‡b K‡ib, Ck¦i GK mgq cÖv‡Yi E‡b¥l NUv‡jI cieZx©‡Z Avi G‡Z n¯—‡¶c K‡ib wb, weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g cÖvY‡K weKwkZ n‡Z w`‡q‡Qb| cÖqvZ †cvc wØZxq Rb cj G ai‡bi weeZ©‡b wek¦vmx wQ‡jb whwb weeZ©b‡K ev¯—eZv wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| cÖwZwU hy‡MB m„wóev`xiv êÁvwbK AMÖhvÎv‡K †VKv‡bvi bvbvfv‡e †Póv K‡i G‡m‡Q| we‡klZ, hLbB ag©MÖ‡š’i mv‡_ we‡iva †`‡L‡Q weÁv‡bi, weÁvb‡K Quy‡o †d‡j w`‡Z †P‡q‡Q Av¯—vKuy‡o| wKš‘ Zv‡Z KvR nqwb| K¨v_wjK PvP© evB‡ej-we‡ivax m~h©‡Kw›`ªK ZË¡‡K mg_©b Kivi Rb¨ M¨vwjwjI, eª“‡bvi gZ weÁvbx‡K K‡i‡Q wbh©vZb| ZviciI Ck¦i I Zvi cyÎiv m~‡h©i Pvwiw`‡K c„w_exi

AvBwWIqvjv‡ì †P‡q eis cÖMwZkxj Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Qb wek¦vmx weeZ©bev`xiv| Zuviv g‡b K‡ib, Ck¦i GK mgq cÖv‡Yi E‡b¥l NUv‡jI cieZx©‡Z Avi G‡Z n¯—‡¶c K‡ib wb, weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g cÖvY‡K weKwkZ n‡Z w`‡q‡Qb| cÖqvZ †cvc wØZxq Rb cj G ai‡bi weeZ©‡b wek¦vmx wQ‡jb whwb weeZ©b‡K ev¯—eZv wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| cÖwZwU hy‡MB m„wóev`xiv êÁvwbK AMÖhvÎv‡K †VKv‡bvi bvbvfv‡e †Póv K‡i G‡m‡Q| we‡klZ, hLbB ag©MÖ‡š’i mv‡_ we‡iva †`‡L‡Q weÁv‡bi, weÁvb‡K Quy‡o †d‡j w`‡Z †P‡q‡Q Av¯—vKuy‡o| wKš‘ Zv‡Z KvR nqwb|

gy³v‡š^lv

41

†Nviv _vgv‡Z cv‡ibwb| †Kvcvwb©Kv‡mi ZË¡ GLb m„wóev`xiv †g‡b wb‡jI evB‡e‡ji evYx‡K Av¶wiKfv‡e MÖnY K‡i weeZ©b †VKv‡bvi cÖ‡Póv GLbI †Kvb †Kvb gn‡j j¶Yxq| †hgb Bqs Av_© wµ‡qkwb÷‡ì `j evB‡ejxq aviYvq wek¦vm K‡ib c„w_exi eqm gvÎ Qq nvRvi eQi| weMZ K‡qK `k‡K Zv‡ì AvõvjbI wKš‘ K‡g G‡m‡Q, KviY AvaywbK †iwWI A¨vKwUf †WwUs Gi gva¨‡g Lye wbf©i‡hvM¨fv‡e c„w_exi eqm wbY©q Kiv wM‡q‡Q, hv evB‡ej ewY©Z eq‡mi †P‡q A‡bK A‡bK †ewk| ïay ZvB bq, wgwjqb eQi Av‡MKvi dwmjI Avwe®K…Z n‡q‡Q| weÁvbx WMjvm dzUzBgv m„wóev`x‡ì weeZ©‡bi GKwU avivevwnK Qwe Zvi Bfjy¨kvb eB‡Z D‡jL K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e t

weÁvbx wf±i †÷sMi G cÖm‡½ Lye Zvrch©c~Y© gš—e¨ K‡ib:

m„wóev` bv‡gi ag© wPš—vi cÖRvwZwUi µgweKvk NU‡Q cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q| RvZxq weÁvb wk¶v †K‡›`ªi

wbe©vnx cwiPvjK BDwRwb ¯‹U welqwU‡K hwÌ ej‡Qb - m„wóev`x `„wófw½i †¶‡Î P~ovš— †_‡K ga¨‡gi w`‡K eiveiB GKwU avivevwnKZv wQj, ZviciI Avgiv wKQy KZ…©Z¡kxj cÖj¶‡Yi wPý ‡`L‡Z cvB|38

Avgiv g‡b Kwi c„w_exi AwaKvsk gvbylB ax‡i ax‡i GKUv mgq ˆRe weeZ©b‡K GKwU ev¯—eZv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡eb, Ges †kl ‡gl eyS‡eb RoRMr Ges RxeRM‡Zi mewKQyB cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q Drcbœ Avi weKwkZ n‡q‡Q Ges G meB N‡U‡Q weeZ©‡bi avivevwnKZvq, wVK †hfv‡e K‡qK †kv eQi jvM‡jI †kl ch©š— m~h©‡Kw›`ªK c„w_exi aviYvUv

cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨| RxeweÁvb, cÖZœZË¡, †R‡bwU·, AvbweK Rxewe`¨vi †Kvb kvLvB †Kvb mv‡¶ï we‡ivwaZv †Zv Ki‡QB bv eis hZ w`b hv‡”Q weeZ©‡bi avivwU mevi Kv‡Q ¯úó †_‡K ¯úóZi n‡q DV‡Q| dwmj QvovI †R‡bwU· Ges AvYweK

wPÎ: m„wóev`x‡ì weeZ©‡bi iƒc‡iLv (m~Î: Bfjy¨kbvwi mv‡qÝ, wµ‡qkwbRg GÛ †mvmvBwU, WMjvm †R. dzUzBgv, Bfjy¨kb, wm‡bqvi G‡mvwm‡qUm BbK‡c©v‡ikb| c„t 525)|

we‡kl m„wóev`

weeZ©b

e¯Ëev`x weeZ©b

wek¦vmx weeZ©bev`

B‡›UwR‡j›U wWRvBb

Ô†cÖv‡MÖwmfÕ m„wóev`

Ô†W-GRÕ m„w÷ev`

M¨vc m„wóev`

ÔBqs Av_©Õ m„wóev`

f~‡Kw›`ªK gZev`

mgZj c„w_exi aviYv

ÔIì Av_©Õ ev ey‡ov c„w_ex

ÔBqs Av_©Õ ev bZzb c„w_ex

gy³v‡š^lv

42

Rxewe`¨vi gZ byZb kvLv¸‡jv †hfv‡e weeZ©‡bi c‡¶ mv¶¨-cÖgvY G‡Kev‡i †Pv‡L Av½yj w`‡q †`wL‡q w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q, GwU GLb †mªd mg‡qi e¨vcvi gvÎ|

W. AwfwRr ivq, hš¿ I ˆRe cÖ‡KŠkjx| eZ©gv‡b hy³iv‡óª emevmiZ| Av‡jvnv‡Z Avuav‡ii hvÎx (A¼zi, XvKv, 2005), gnvwe‡k¦ cÖvY I eyw×gËvi †Luv‡R (Aemi, 2007) MÖ‡š’I cÖ‡YZv| B‡gBjt [email protected]|

eb¨v Avn‡g`, wmm‡Ug A¨vbvwj÷, eZ©gv‡b hy³iv‡óª Kg©iZ| weeZ©‡bi c_ a‡i (Aemi, XvKv, 2007) eB‡qi iPwqZv| B‡gBjt [email protected]

Z_¨m~Î t

(1) Shermer Michael, 2006. Why Darwin Matters, Time Books, New York. 380

(2)Angier N, 2004, My God Problem, Free Inquiry Magazine, V 24, no. 5.

(3)Futuyma DJ, 2005, Evolution, Sinauer Associates, INC, MA, USA, p.523.

(4)Why doesn’t America believe in evolution? 2006, New Scientist Magazine, August 2006 issue, p 11.

http://www.newscientist.com/channel/being-human/mg19125653.700-why-d o e s n t - a m e r i c a n - b e l i e v e - i n -evolution.html

(5)ikx` û, RyjvB 15, 2006, cix¶vq cv‡ki Rb¨ cwo, Kvj‡mªvZ wefvM, ˆ`wbK mgKvj|

(6)Stenger V, Do Our Values Come from God?, The Evidence Says No,

http://www/colorade.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Godless/Values.htm

(7) “We focus particularly on providing answers to questions surrounding the book of Genesis, as it is the most-attacked book of the Bible. We also desire to train others to develop a biblical worldview, and seek to expose the bankruptcy of evolutionary ideas, and its bedfellow,

a “millions of years old” earth (and even older universe).” From Òur message’, Answer in Genesis, http://www.answersingenesis.org/

(8)Dennett DC, 1995, Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and Meanings of Life, Penguin (UK), Simon and Schuster (USA).

(9)White AD, 1993, A History of Warfare of Science with the theology in Christendom, Prometheus Books.

(10)Rees M, 2001, Our Cosmic Habitat, Princeton University Press, p 163

(11)Paley W, (1801) 1850, Natural Theology of Evidence of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, Collected from the appearances of Nature, American Tract Society.

(12)Shanks N, 2004, God, the Devil and Darwin: A critique of Intelligent Design theory, Oxford University Press.

(13)we¯—vwiZ Z‡_ï Rb¨ Dawkins R, (1986), 1996, The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without a Design, Norton Paperback-Gi Àccumulating Small change’ Aa¨vq `ªóe¨|

(14)Darwin C, (1859), 1999, The Origin of Species, Bantam Books, p 155.

(15)Kuhn T, 1970, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University Of Chicago Press. USA

(16)†÷sMi wf, WviDwbR‡gi AvZsK, (Abyev` t eb¨v Avn‡g`) Ryb 2, 2005, GKzk kZK wefvM, ˆ`wbK †fv‡ii KvMR

(17)AvR‡Ki w`‡b weeZ©bev`x weÁvbxiv Aek¨ cÖRvwZi DrcwËi †cQ‡b cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi cvkvcvwk weeZ©‡bi Rb¨ Ab¨ A‡bK d¨v±i (†hgbÑ wRb wgD‡Ukb, †µvgRg wgD‡Ukb, †R‡bwUK wiKw¤^‡bkb, †R‡bwUK wWªdU Ges Aš—iY ev AvB‡mv‡jkb) Luy‡R †c‡q‡Qb| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q G wel‡q we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

(18)Dawkins R, Darwin and Darwinism, Mukto-Mona Darwin Day celebration,

gy³v‡š^lv

43

http://www.muktomona.com/Articles/dawkins/darwin_and_darwinism120206.htm

(19)Huxley TH, 1880, The Origin of Species (review), Westminster Review, V 17, p 541-570

(20)Mayr E, 1988, Toward a New Philosophy of Biology, Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University press.

(21)Gould SJ, 2002, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, Belknap Press

(22)Dawkins R, 2004, A Devil’s Chaplain: Reflections on Hope, Lies, Science, and Love, Mariner Books; Reprint edition

(23)Berra TM, 2005, Evolution and Myth of Creationism, Stanford University Press, USA

(24)Stenger V, 2003, Has Science Found God? The Latest Results in the Search for the Purpose in the Universe, Prometheus Books, USA

(25)Creation Research Society [online], www.creationresearch.org

(26)Scott EC and Cole HP, 1985, The Elusive Basis of Creation “Science”, Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 60, no. 1.

(27) Dennett DC, 2006, The Hoax of Intelligent Design and How it was Prepared, from Intelligent Thought: Science versus the Intelligent Design Movement, Brockman J (Editor), Vintage.

(28)Coyne JA, 2006, The Faith That Dare NOT Speak Its Name, from Intelligent Thought: Science versus the Intelligent Design Movement, Brockman J (Editor), Vintage.

(29)Wells J, Darwinism: Why I Went for a Second PhD, The Words of the Wells Family, Kansas Citizens for S c i e n c e . S o u r c e : http://www.tparents.org/library/unification/talks/wells/DARWIN.htm

(30)This quotation alone casts doubt on any claims Wells might have had to be taken seriously as disinterested seeker after truth-which would seem

a fairly minimal qualification for PhD in science.

Dawkins R, 2006, Intelligent Aliens, from Intelligent Thought: Science versus the Intelligent Design Movement, Brockman J (Editor), Vintage, pp 92.

(31)Perakh M, 2005, Intelligent Design Theory – A Quasi-Scientific Endeavor with a Religious Agenda, Mukto-Mona [online], www.mukto-mona.com

(32)Behe MJ, 1996, Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution, Free Press, USA

(33)Young M and Edis T [editors], (2004) 2006, Why Intelligent Design Fails: A Scientific Critique of the New Creationism, Rutgers University Press, London.

(34)ivq A, 2005, Av‡jv nv‡Z Pwjqv‡Q Auvav‡ii hvÎx, A¼zi cÖKvkbx|

(35)Halder G, Callaerts P, Gehring WJ, 1995, Induction of Ectopic Eyes by Targeted Expression of the eyeless Gene in Drosophila. Science, vol. 267, pp 1788-1792.

(36)Gerhart J and Kirschner M, 1997, Embryos, and Evolution: Toward a Cellular and Developmental Understanding of Phenotypic Variation and Evolutionary Adaptability, Cells.

(37) `wjjwU http://www.geocities.com/Cape”Canaveral/Hangar/2437/wedge.html mvB‡U GLbI ivLv Av‡Q|

(38)The species of religious thought called creationism continues to evolve by a process of natural selection. While as National Centre for Science Education executive director Eugenie Scott has pointed out, there has always been a continuum of creationist views from extreme to moderate, we can still identify a few dominant strains.

* Wedge Document, http://www.geocites.com/CapCanaveral/Hangar/2437/wedge.html

gy³v‡š^lv

44

Avgv‡ì wk¶v eë¯’v‡K Av‡iv AwaK gvÎvq RxweKvg~jK K‡i †Zvjvi `vwe wbtm‡›`‡n AvaywbKZvi `vwe| ev¯—eZvi ZvwM‡` Kvjµ‡gB wk¶v RxweKv AR©b ev †ckv`vwiZ¡ weKv‡ki w`‡K hv‡”Q| Dbœqbkxj mgv‡R m‡PZb wk¶vwe` I myaxgnj †_‡K ZvwM` Avm‡Q †mUv Av‡iv mvejxj I Zivwš^Z Ki‡Z| Avwg g‡b Kwi bv GLv‡b wØg‡Zi †Kv‡bv AeKvk Av‡Q ev wk¶v‡K RxweKvg~jK Kivi †¶‡Î Mwogwmi my‡hvM Av‡Q| Z‡e Avgv‡ì mgv‡R GLb myaxRb‡ì gy‡L Av‡iv GKwU K_v †kvbv hvq Ñ Ôwk¶v †hb UvKv evbv‡bvi hš¿ ˆZwi‡Z ch©ewmZ bv nqÕ| myaxRb‡ì GB K_vwU‡KI Avwg ¸iæZ¡nxb g‡b Kwi bv|

GB †h `yB Rb `y iKg K_v ej‡Qb, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv we‡iva ev wefw³ Av‡Q e‡j g‡b Kivi †Kv‡bv KviY †`wL bv| Avm‡j wk¶v‡K RxweKvg~jK Kiv Ges Gi gva¨‡g gvby‡li gvbweK `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai weKvk NUv‡bv GKwU Awfbœ I Awef³ Kvh©µg| RxweKvi wefw³ Av‡Q, †ckvi wewfbœZv Av‡Q; wKš‘ gvbweKZvi †Kv‡bv wefw³ †bB| myZivs wk¶vi gva¨‡g gvbe mš—vb‡K wewfbœ I wewPÎ †ckvq cvi`k©x K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡K DËg gvbyl nIqvi Awfbœ c_ wb‡`©kI w`‡Z n‡e| GB `vwe ïay wk¶v eë¯’vi bq, eis mvgwMÖK mgvReë¯’vi Acwinvh© we‡eP¨|

Avgv‡ì †`‡k wk¶v eë¯’vi wefw³ GLb eo mgm¨v| G †Kej evsjv‡`‡k bq, eis mviv gymwjg `ywbqvq we`¨vgvb D‡jL¨‡hvM¨ gvÎvq| GB

mgm¨v Avgv‡ì wk¶v‡¶‡Î weåvwš— m„wói GK eo Dcv`vb n‡q i‡q‡Q| G cÖe‡Ü †mB mgm¨v wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi AeKvk †bB| Z‡e GLv‡b ïay D‡jL K‡i ivL‡Z PvB, wk¶vi †ckvMZ wefvRb Avi ˆbwZKZv ev g~j¨‡evaMZ wefvRb `ywU m¤ú~Y© wfbœ wRwbm| G e¨vcv‡i gymwjg mgv‡Ri AvaywbK wk¶vweìvI Lye ¯úó aviYvq †cuŠQv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb e‡j g‡b nq bv| †`‡ki KwZcq kxl©¯’vbxq Ijvgv gvkv‡q‡Li Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQjvg, gv`ªvmv wk¶v eë¯’v‡K Zviv †Kb †`‡ki mvgwMÖK wk¶v eë¯’v †_‡K c„_K K‡i ivL‡Z PvB‡Qb| Rev‡e Zviv bvbvb hyw³ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, Z‡e me©‡kl †h hyw³Uv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Zv n‡jv Ñ Wv³vi, BwÄwbqvi, AvBbRxex I Ab¨vb¨ we`¨vi Rb¨ hw` c„_K c„_K wkÿv cÖwZôvb _vK‡Z cv‡i Z‡e ag©xq wk¶vi Rb¨ c„_K gv`ªvmv wk¶v eë¯’v _vK‡Z Amyweav †Kv_vq? Zv‡ì hyw³Uv `„k¨Z hyw³ n‡jI ev¯—‡e Zv Aš—tmvik~b¨| kxl© Ijvgv-gvkv‡qL‡ì e³e¨ ï‡b wKQzUv nZvkB n‡Z n‡q‡Q| KviY Zviv †ckvMZ wefvRb Ges g~j¨‡ev‡ai wefvR‡bi dvivKUv eyS‡Z PvB‡Qb bv| Avm‡j Zviv wb‡R‡ì `vwq‡Z¡i RvqMvUv m¤ú‡K©I eo ai‡bi weåvwš—‡Z i‡q‡Qb|

wk¶vi gva¨‡g gvby‡li †fZ‡ii gvbweK kw³‡K gvbe-m¤ú‡` iƒcvš—wiZ Kiv †h AvaywbK wk¶veë¯’vi g~j j¶¨ G e¨vcv‡i Av‡iv wKQz K_v †hvM Kiv ev G wb‡q †Kv‡bv weZ‡K©i AeZviYv Kiv G cÖe‡Üi D‡Ïk¨ bh| GLv‡b Avgiv mvg‡b Avb‡Z PvBwQ AvaywbK wk¶vi `vwqZ¡‡eva Ges wkw¶‡Zi `vqe×Zvi welqwU| AvaywbKKv‡j G †¶‡Î cÖZ¨vwkZ AMÖMwZ n‡”Q bv, GgbwK wefvRb, weåvwš— I e¨_©ZvB †e‡o P‡j‡Q| GLv‡b weZ‡K©i wKQz †bB †h, wk¶vi welqe¯‘ n‡e †ckvMZ `¶Zvi Dbœqb, m¤§vbRbK RxweKvi Aej¤^b Ges DbœZ Rxeb M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨g| AvaywbK wkÿv DbœZ mgv‡R Awbevh© MwZ‡Z †m w`‡K †M‡Q Ges Dbœqbkxj mgv‡R bvbv mgm¨v m¼‡Ui †fZi w`‡qI †m w`‡KB hv‡”Q| AvaywbKKv‡j wk¶vi A_©g~j¨ m„wó n‡”Q, wk¶vi gva¨‡g gvbyl DbœZ Rxe‡b †cuŠQv‡Z mÿg n‡”Q Ñ GwU mf¨Zv weKv‡ki ¯^vfvweK MwZ| wKš‘ Gi †fZi w`‡qI GKUv eo mgm¨v ˆZwi n‡”Q| nq‡Zv Avgiv A‡bK g~jëvb AR©‡bi †fZi w`‡q Ag~j¨ wKQz nvwi‡q †djwQ| m¤¢eZt G mgm¨viB cÖwZaŸwb Avgiv ïb‡Z cvB- hLb ejv nq, wk¶v †hb ïay UvKv evbv‡bvi hš¿ ˆZwi‡Z ch©ewmZ bv nq| mgm¨vUvi cÖavbZ `ywU iƒc

gvIjvbv †nv‡mb Avjx

gy³v‡š^lv

45

AvaywbK wk¶vi`vwqZ¡

I `vqe×Zv

AvaywbK wk¶vi`vwqZ¡

I `vqe×Zv

mgv‡R †bwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡Q| GK. wKQz gvbyl‡K wkw¶Z evbv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡”Q Ôwe`¨v Ag~j¨ m¤ú`Õ GB g~j¨‡eva aviY K‡i, Avi wKQz gvbyl‡K wkw¶Z evbv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡”Q Ôwe`¨v g~jëvb m¤ú`Õ GB g~j¨‡eva aviY K‡i| K_vUv Avwg hZUv mnR K‡i ejjvg ev¯—‡e ZZUv mij bq, eis A‡bK RwUj Ges bvbv †¶‡Î weåvwšÍKi| mgq †c‡j Avgiv G welqwU Av‡iKUz †Lvjvmv Ki‡Z †Póv Kie| Z‡e D‡jL K‡i wbB wØZxq iƒcwUi K_v| wØZxq iƒcwU‡K ejv hvq Rxeb‡ev‡a DbœZ gvÎv hy³ Kivi †¶‡Î wkÿvi e¨_©Zv| wk¶v gvbyl‡K †Kej Rxe‡bvcKiY msMÖ‡ni m¶gZv †`‡e ZvB bq, wk¶v DbœZ Rxeb‡ev‡ai mÜvbI †`q| wk¶vi Drcv`bkxjZv, DcvR©bgywLbZv Ges evwYwR¨Kvq‡bi cÖwZ nVvr GK †c‡k ¸i“Z¡ Av‡iv‡ci d‡j †nvK ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y †nvK Gi my`~icÖmvwi I AcÖZ¨¶ `vwqZ¡‡eva¸‡jv nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| GwU GK fq¼i Avk¼vi w`K| wk¶v‡K Aek¨B Drcv`bkxj n‡Z n‡e, DcvR©bgyLxI n‡Z n‡e Ges Gi evwYwR¨Kvqb‡KI we`ª“c Kivi †Kvb KviYI †`wL bv| wKš‘ wk¶vi `vwqZ¡kxjZv I `vqe×Zv nvwi‡q †M‡j GwU Avi Zvi c~Y©gh©v`vi Avmb a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv| ab Avi ¸Y `yÕ‡UvB g~jëvb; Z‡e ¸‡Yi Rb¨ Ag~j¨ gh©v`vi GKUv Avmb Av‡Q| ¸Y a‡bi g~‡j¨ †ePv‡Kbv n‡e Zv‡ZI XvjvIfv‡e AvcwË Kivi wKQz †bB| wKš‘ ¸Y hw` wbZvš—B †ePv‡Kbvi c‡Y¨ cwiYZ n‡q c‡o Z‡e ¸Y Avi ¯^gh©v`vq AwawôZ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi ¸Y hw` cÖZviYvi Aej¤^b n‡q D‡V Z‡e †Zv wech©qB ej‡Z nq| we`¨v gvby‡li m¤§vbRbK RxweKvi Aej¤^b n‡q DV‡e GUv AvaywbK mf¨Zvi ev¯—eZv| AvaywbKKv‡j G ev¯—eZvi AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡”Q| Z‡e we`¨vi gva¨‡g gvby‡li gvbweK ¸Yvejx AR©b I weKvk mva‡bi †h `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q Zv †gv‡UI †MŠY welq bq| GB ¸Y AR©‡bi j¶¨ wk¶vi Ab¨Zg cÖavb cÖwZcv`¨ n‡Z n‡e| ¸Ym¤úbœ gvbyl wbZvš— wb‡Ri Rxe‡bvcKi‡Yi †fZ‡i ¸wU‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i bv, Zvi Ici A‡bK `vwqZ¡ I `vqe×Zv Awc©Z nq| `vqe×Zv Kx Zv me gvbyl‡K †evSv‡bv KwVb; Z‡e GwU wk¶vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb Ñ GgbwK G‡ZB wbwnZ i‡q‡Q wk¶vi cÖvY|

cÖvq mKj Dcvmbv a‡g© BnKvj-ciKv‡j wek¦v‡mi cÖm½ Av‡Q, h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡iB Av‡Q| avwg©K gvÎB BnKvj-ciKv‡j wek¦vm K‡i; Z‡e mvaviY gymwjg mgv‡R cÖPwjZ aviYv †h wk¶vi `ywU

w`K i‡q‡Q ÔBnKv‡ji wk¶v I ciKv‡ji wk¶vÕ| Abyiƒcfv‡e BnKv‡ji KvR I ciKv‡ji KvR, BnKv‡ji cÖvwß I ciKv‡ji cÖvwßi aviYv we`¨gvb| AvaywbKKv‡j G †¶‡Î evovevwo I weåvwš— Pig iƒc aviY Ki‡Q| welq¸‡jv †gv‡UI †njv‡djvi bq, eis ¸i“Zi| Lye mij ˆPZ‡bï gvbyl BnKvj ej‡Z c„w_exi Rxeb, ciKvj ej‡Z g„Zzï c‡ii Ô†e‡nk&Z-†`vR‡LiÕ aviYvi ekeZ©x n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ BnKvj-ciKv‡ji aviYv †Kv‡bv fzuB‡dvo aviYv bq, †Kv‡bv wbgœgv‡bi ˆPZbÏ bq| Lye mij kvwãK A‡_© hw` awi Z‡e ej‡Z n‡e, BnKvj gv‡b eZ©gvb Kvj Avi ciKvj gv‡b fwel¨rKvj| BnKvj gv‡b Zvr¶wYK Ges ciKvj gv‡b my`~icÖmvix A_ev BnKvj gv‡b cÖZ¨¶ Ges ciKvj gv‡b c‡iv¶| BnKv‡ji Rb¨ wk¶v gv‡b RxweKvi Rb¨ wk¶v, Avi ciKv‡ji Rb¨ wk¶v gv‡b gvbweK DrKl© jv‡fi Rb¨ wk¶v-Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡jI DbœZ g~j¨‡ev‡ai LvwbKUv Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| gvby‡li DrK‡l©i gv‡b n‡”Q ¯’vb I Kv‡ji AwaKZi e¨wßi g‡a¨ wb‡Ri Aw¯—Z¡ I KZ©e¨‡K Abyfe Kiv| AvaywbK I DbœZZi wk¶v GB e¨vwß‡K hyw³wbf©i, e¯‘wbô I cwikxwjZ K‡i| DbœZ gvby‡li Kv‡Q ïay eZ©gvb ¯^v_© cÖZ¨ÿe¯‘ ev †fŠZ AeqeB Pig mZ¨ bq| DbœZ gvbyl e¯‘ev`x nIqvi gv‡b Zvi Kv‡Q Abycw¯’Z e¯‘ Aev¯—e, my`~icÖmvix wPš—v I fveev` wKsevv weg~Z© welq Aw¯—Z¡nxb-Ggb bq| gvby‡li ¯^v_©, KZ©e¨ I `vqe×Zvi RvqMv¸‡jv Aek¨B h‡_ó DuPz gv‡bi Ges êwPÎ¨gq| GKRb w`bgRyi w`‡bi gvwnbvi †fZ‡iB Zvi ¯^v‡_©i cwigÊj LyuR‡Z eva¨ nq, - Avi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi D¾¡j Zi“Y †`k I RvwZi AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ ey‡j‡Ui mvg‡b eyK †c‡Z †`q e„nËi ¯^v_© i¶vi KZ©e¨‡eva †_‡KB| Rxeb webvkx gv`K`ª‡eï eëmvq ev †kqvi evRv‡ii dUKvevwR‡Z ivZvivwZ †KvwU †KvwU UvKv nvwZ‡q wb‡Z cvivi ¯^v_© wbtm‡›`‡n e¯‘MZfv‡e AvKl©Yxq| Avevi GKB i³-gvs‡mi gvbyl Ae‡nwjZ wbM„nxZ gvby‡li Kv‡Q Kj¨v‡Yi evZ©v I Áv‡bi Av‡jv wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ Rxeb DrmM© K‡i| ¯^v_© GivI wbðqB †`‡L GB Kv‡Ri †fZi| †mB ¯^v_© n‡Z cv‡i AvwZ¥K mš‘wó, gvbeZvi Kj¨vY A_ev wek¦‡K kvmb Kivi †hvM¨Zv cÖgvY Kiv|

mgv‡Ri mv`vgvUv wP‡ÎI Avgiv †`wL nZ`wi`ªiv AvR cvIqv ev GLb LvIqvi †Póvq euv‡P

gy³v‡š^lv

46

K…lK dmj ey‡b eQiv‡š— †Mvjv fivi Avkvq, MvQ jvMvq GK cyiæl ci Zvi mš—vb msmvi †MvQv‡e †mB cÖwZ¶vq| ga¨weË Zvi m¯—vb‡K mywkw¶Z K‡i †Zv‡j cieZ©x cÖRb¥ Av‡iv DbœZ n‡e GB Avkvq| DbœZ ˆPZ‡bï gvbyl †`k-`ywbqvi K_v fve‡Z eva¨ nq G Kvi‡Y †h, GB mgv‡R mvwe©K cwiw¯’wZ my¯’ bv n‡j Zvi my‡Li Ni B¯úv‡Zi AveiY w`‡q i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| ¯^v_© G iKgB eû ¯—iwewkó I eûgvwÎK| myZivs ¯^v_© Dcjwäi †¶‡Î DbœZ gvÎvq †cuŠQv‡bv wkÿvi GKUv eo `vwqZ¡| Avwg eje bv wkÿvi †ckv`vwiZ¡ ev RxweKv-wbf©iZv GB Dcjwä I `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai Dbœqb‡K evavMª¯— K‡i, eis eje A‡bK †ewk mymsnZ K‡i| wKš‘ weØv‡bi Dcjwä hw` Z_vKw_Z †mB wbgœgv‡bi e¯‘evw`Zvi bv‡g AwZ gvÎvq ¯’~j BnKvjev`x n‡q D‡V Z‡e AvaywbK wk¶vi weKvkgvb avivUvB ¶wqòz n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|

wkw¶‡Zi `vwqZ¡nxbZvi Kvi‡Y wk¶v‡K `vqx Kiv hvq bv| ZeyI mv¤úÖwZKKv‡j we‡kl K‡i

Avgv‡ì Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z wkw¶‡Zi †h fveg~wZ© dz‡U DV‡Q Zv myLKi bq| wkw¶Z gvbyl gv‡b ¸Yx gvbyl Ggb wek¦vm mgv‡Ri wPivqZ ev¯—eZv| GLb Avgv‡ì wkw¶Z mgvR †mB RvqMv †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q †M‡Q Zv bq, mvaviY gvby‡li wek¦v‡mi wfZ G‡Kev‡i aŸ‡m †M‡Q ZvI bq| wKš‘ GLb wkw¶Z gv‡bB †ewk ¯^v_©ci, †ewk AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK, †ewk PZzi, †ewk AgvbweK, -Ggb wek¦vmI cÖejfv‡e mgv‡R ¯’vb `Lj Ki‡Q| GB Ae¯’v‡K ïaygvÎ wew”Qbœ e¨w³, PwiÎ w`‡q e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq bv| Gi m‡½ wk¶vi g~j¨‡evaMZ ˆ`‡bï iƒcwUI cÖKvwkZ| Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri AvaywbK wk¶v †Kb GB ˆ`b¨ KvwU‡q DV‡Z cvi‡Q bv Zv fve‡Z n‡e| †h wk¶v ïay a‡bi †jvf evov‡bvi evnb nq, we‡kl K‡i hLb AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK I ¯’~j A‡_© nq, ZLb †mB wk¶v cÖK…Z ¸Y m„wó‡Z n‡q c‡o A¶g| †mB wk¶v gvbyl‡K eo Ki‡Z ev gvbe mf¨Zv‡K DrK‡l©i c‡_ wb‡q †h‡Z e¨_© nq| AvaywbK wk¶v mvgwMÖK A‡_©B †mw`‡K hv‡”Q Zv Avwg g‡b Kwi bv| Z‡e Avgv‡ì mgv‡R Ggb GKUv mgm¨v `„k¨gvb n‡q DV‡Q|

mgm¨vUvi cÖK…Z KviY¸‡jv Kx Ges mgvav‡bi c_B ev ‡Kv_vq G e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv mnR gš—‡e¨ Avwg †h‡Z PvB bv| Z‡e Dbœqbkxj gymwjg mgv‡Ri cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ej‡Z cvwi, GwU mgv‡Ri g~j¨‡evaMZ cwieZ©bkxjZvi GKwU µvwš—Kvjxb mgm¨v| gymwjg mgv‡Ri g~javiv GLb A‡bKvs‡kB cvðv‡Zï Abymvix, Z‡e g~jZ bv ey‡S ev †jv‡fi e‡k| cvðv‡Zï mgvR wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q g‡Wj bq G K_v mZ¨| wKš‘ AvaywbK mf¨Zvi ˆPZb¨MZ AMÖMwZi g~j avivUv cvðv‡Z¨B m~wPZ| Avgiv cvðv‡Zï Kv‡Q †h‡Z PvB ïay Zv‡ì evwn¨K weË-êf‡ie †RŠjymUv †`‡L| cvðv‡Zï g~j¨‡ev‡ai †fZ‡i Kx Av‡Q Zv Avgiv eyS‡Z PvB bv, ïay PvB Zv‡ì A_© I ¯^v”Q‡›`ï fvMUyKz| GB cÖeYZv Z_vKw_Z AvaywbK Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ GKUv g~j¨‡evaMZ evowZ k~b¨Zv m„wó K‡i‡Q e‡j Avgvi aviYv| D‡jL K‡i ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †h cvðvZ¨ mgv‡Ri †fZ‡iI we¯—i k~b¨Zv †Mvov †_‡KB i‡q‡Q Ges GLb Zv Av‡iv `vbv euva‡Q| Z‡e cvðvZ¨ mgv‡Ri mvabvjä AR©b, e¯‘ev`x `„wófw½ I hyw³ev`x Rxeb`k©b †m mgvR‡K GKUv kw³kvjx g~j¨‡ev‡ai DciB ùvo Kwi‡q‡Q| g~j¨‡evaMZ DrKl©Uv evB‡i †_‡K †evSv mevi c‡¶ mnR bq| evwn¨K †RŠjylUv meviB †Pv‡L c‡o, wKš‘ Aš—¯’

c„w_exi Rxeb, ciKvj ej‡Z g„Zzï c‡ii Ô†e‡nk&Z-†`vR‡LiÕ aviYvi ekeZ©x n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ BnKvj-ciKv‡ji aviYv †Kv‡bv fzuB‡dvo aviYv bq, †Kv‡bv wbgœgv‡bi ˆPZbÏ bq| Lye mij kvwãK A‡_© hw` awi Z‡e ej‡Z n‡e, BnKvj gv‡b eZ©gvb Kvj Avi ciKvj gv‡b fwel¨rKvj| BnKvj gv‡b Zvr¶wYK Ges ciKvj gv‡b my`~icÖmvix A_ev BnKvj gv‡b cÖZ¨¶ Ges ciKvj gv‡b c‡iv¶| BnKv‡ji Rb¨ wk¶v gv‡b RxweKvi Rb¨ wk¶v, Avi ciKv‡ji Rb¨ wk¶v gv‡b gvbweK DrKl© jv‡fi Rb¨ wk¶v-Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡jI DbœZ g~j¨‡ev‡ai LvwbKUv Bw½Z cvIqv hvq|

gy³v‡š^lv

47

êfeUv †evSvi Rb¨ †hvM¨Zv jv‡M| Avgiv Dbœqbkxj `ywbqvi Awfjvlx gvbyliv cÖ_‡gv³ wRwbmUvi cÖwZ cÖjyä n‡qB mvaviYZ cvðv‡Zï w`‡K ZvKvB - GUvB Avgv‡ì GK eo mxgväZv| AvaywbK wk¶v-hv cvðvZ¨ †_‡K Avš—R©vwZK n‡q D‡V‡Q, Avgiv Gi Ic‡ii †gvoKUv‡KB LwÊZ AvKv‡i MÖnY KiwQ| nq‡Zv Avgiv Gi †fZiUv eyS‡Z Amg_© nw”Q A_ev fvev`wk©K-mv¤úÖ`vwqK AnwgKvi Kvi‡Y eyS‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvw”Q| Avgv‡ì mgv‡R GLb GB †kªYxiB KZ©„Z¡ hviv wb‡R‡ì mgv‡Ri Ges cvð‡Zï †fZ‡ii wRwbm¸‡jv eyS‡Z A‡bKvs‡k Amg_©|

cÖv‡Pï AvaywbK D”Pwk¶v GLb bvbv ev¯—e Kvi‡YB cvðvZ¨ wk¶vi Øvi¯’| Avš—R©vwZK gvb AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì wk¶v eë¯’v‡K cvðv‡Zï gvb`‡Ê g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e G e¨vcv‡i GLb Avi †Kv‡bv weZK© nq bv| Avgiv cvðv‡Zï KvwiMwi Ávb avi K‡i G‡b wb‡R‡ì ¯^v”Q›`¨ AR©‡b m‡Pó nw”Q GUv LyeB BwZevPK w`K| Z‡e Avgiv cvðv‡Zï wk¶v‡K LwÊZfv‡e ev ïay d‡ji AskUv †bIqvi cÖeYZvB M‡o ZzjwQ| wk¶v‡K Aej¤^b K‡i cvðv‡Z¨ cvwo Rgv‡Z cvivUv‡KB †mŠfv‡Mï hv`yi KvwV g‡b KiwQ| wKš‘ cvðv‡Z¨ Avgiv hviv fv‡Mï A‡š¦l‡Y ev Ávb Avni‡Y hvB, mwZ¨B wK XyK‡Z †Póv Kwi Zv‡ì †mB Af~Zc~e© DbœwZi cÖvYkw³Uv Zv‡ì hyw³kxj g~j¨‡ev‡ai †fZ‡i? Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q G †¶‡Î weivU NvUwZ Av‡Q| hviv GK_vUv ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb bv Zv‡ì m‡½ Z‡K© †RZv KwVb; KviY welqUv ïay Z‡K©i bq, DcjwäiI| AbybœZ `ywbqvi †L‡U LvIqv gvbyl cÖvYcY †Póvq cvðv‡Zï DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z hvq †ivRMv‡ii Rb¨ kªwgK wn‡m‡e| Zviv UvKvi Rb¨ hvq, MZi †L‡U nvjvj UvKv †ivRMvi K‡i| †L‡U LvIqv gvbyl‡ì Rb¨ we‡Ëi GB AvKl©Y `ywb©evi nIqviB K_v| cvðvZ¨ m¤ú‡K© Gi †P‡q †ewk wKQz †evSvi K_vI Zv‡ì bq| wk¶v jv‡fi RbÏ DbœZ cvðv‡Z¨ wM‡q wk¶v_©xiv Mv‡q †L‡U RxweKv AR©b K‡i Ges DbœZ Ávb I `¶Zv jv‡fi mvabv K‡i| G me welqB †h BwZevPK G wb‡q weZ‡K©i †Kv‡bv AeKvk †bB| wKš‘ AvaywbK wk¶vi mvgwMÖK `vwqZ¡‡eva wn‡m‡e Avgiv KZUzKz fve‡Z wk‡LwQ †h, Zv‡ì †mB DbœZ mgvR Zv‡ìB m„wó? Avi Zv‡ì †mB m„wó-†hvM¨Zvi cÖvY kw³Uv †Kv_vq? me †`‡L ï‡b g‡b nq bv ˆPZ‡bï GUzKz DrK‡l© Avgiv †cuŠQv‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ| welqwU cvðvZ¨ mgv‡Ri cÖwZ

mgxn m„wói bq, eis wb‡R‡ì mgvR‡K M‡o †Zvjvi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi| DbœZ mgvR wewbg©v‡Yi †gŠwjK I Aš—wb©wnZ Dcv`vb¸‡jv hw` ey‡SB bv Av‡m ev †Pv‡LB bv c‡o Z‡e cÖK…Z Dbœqb Am¤¢e| Mv‡Qi cvKv dj¸‡jv †`‡L cÖjyä nIqv Lye mnR| Kv‡iv Ki“Yv wb‡q ev Kvq`v-†KŠkj K‡i A‡bï ˆZwi dj I dmj wKQz †fvM KivI m¤¢e| kªg w`‡q m¤§vbRbKfv‡e Gi wKQz Ask †fvM KivI m¤¢e| wKš‘ dj †fv‡Mi w¯’wZkxj eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡j dj Drcv`‡bi Ávb-mg„× mvabvi RvqMv¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| AvaywbK wk¶vi `vwqZ¡ I `vqe×Zvi GUv GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© w`K| we‡kl K‡i AvaywbKZv hLb Avgiv cvðvZ¨ †_‡K avi K‡i AvbwQ ZLb †Zv e‡UB|

hyw³kxj DrKl© †evSvi †ÿ‡Î Avgv‡ì mvaviY A¶gZv cvðv‡Zï m‡½ mgš^q NvUwZi GKUv †QvU w`K gvÎ| Gi c‡i †h w`KwUi K_v ej‡Z nq Zv Av‡iv wec¾bK| †mwUi g~jK_v m‡Zï mv¤úÖ`vwqKxKiY| Avi GiKg AÜ AnwgKvi Ici ùvwo‡q mf¨Zv ev gvbweKZvi we‡ePbvq cvðvZ¨‡K eyS‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡bv| cvðv‡Zï kxl©¯’vbxq we`¨vcxV¸‡jv †_‡K wk¶v wb‡q Avmv Ggb A‡bK f`ª‡jvK‡K Avgiv Rvwb- Zviv e‡jb, cvðv‡Zï wk¶v Avgiv jvf Ki‡Z hvB BnRvMwZK mvdj¨ jv‡fi Rb¨, g~j¨‡evaMZ ev AvwZ¥K wk¶v‡Zv †be Avgv‡ì ag© †_‡K| Aš—Zt gymwjg mgv‡Ri †ejvq G K_vwU †Kv‡bv wew”Qbœ Dw³ bq| welqUv cwil‹vi nIqvi Rb¨ Avgiv Gi gvÎvMZ ¯—i web¨vm¸‡jv GKUz we‡klY K‡i †`‡L wb‡Z cvwi|

hviv Lye ¯’~j A‡_© cvðvZ¨ auv‡Pi AvaywbK wk¶v Ges wb‡R‡ì ag©xq g~j¨‡evaMZ wk¶v‡K ÔBnKv‡ji wk¶vÕ Ges ÔciKv‡ji wk¶vÕ-GB fv‡e wef³ K‡i †`‡Lb Zviv `„k¨ZtB †gŠjev`x| GUv g~j¨‡evaMZ wew”QbœZvi P~ovš— ¯—iI| G ai‡bi †jvKRb RxweKvi †¶‡Î h‡_ó AvaywbK I cvi`k©x n‡Z cv‡ib, wKš‘ Giv g~j¨‡ev‡ai †¶‡Î P~ovš— weåvš— I cðv`c`| Giv wec¾bK Av`wk©K wew”QbœZvev`xI n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| Zviv mf¨Zv ej‡Z wb‡R‡ì ag©xq MwÊi †fZiUv‡KB †ev‡Sb| wfbœag©x‡ì KvQ †_‡K Ávb avi K‡i G‡b BnRM‡Z myL-mg„w× AR©‡bi c¶cvZx nb wVKB, Z‡e wb‡Ri a‡g©i MwÊi evB‡i mZ¨ LyuR‡Z Zviv bvivR| ag©xq ÁvbvR©‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv ag©‡KI mZ¨, my›ì I Kj¨v‡Yi gva¨g wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e Zv

gy³v‡š^lv

48

wb‡Ri a‡g©i msKxY© MwÊ cvi nq bv| AvaywbKKv‡j GUv Kg wec¾bK w`K bq| we‡kl K‡i gymjgvb wn‡m‡e Abyiƒc Ae¯’vb †_‡K GB wm×v‡š— †cŠQv‡bv nq †h, mZ¨ GKgvÎ Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨B wbwnZ| GUv †gŠjev‡ì GK fq¼i w`K| AvaywbKKv‡j BnKvj Ges ciKv‡ji wk¶vi wef³ aviv Aej¤^b K‡i cvðv‡Zï weÁvb-cÖhyw³ Ges a‡g©i wew”Qbœ g~j¨‡eva mgm¨vUv‡K Av‡iv ¸iæZi RvqMvq wb‡q †h‡Z P‡j‡Q| GLv‡b cÖm½Z GKUv K_v e‡j ivL‡Z PvB, gv`ªvmv wk¶v ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ‡kœ Avgv‡ì wk¶vwe`‡ì A‡b‡KB mnR GKUv c_ †`Lvb †h, gv`ªvmvq weÁvb-cÖhyw³ Ges Avq-†ivRMv‡ii eë¯’v †XvKv‡Z cvi‡jB ms¯‹vi mdj| Avm‡j ms¯‹v‡ii g~j cÖkœUv GLv‡b bq| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki bZzb cÖR‡b¥i D”Pwkw¶Z †gŠjev`xiv GLb GKUv ZË¡ Lye †Rviv‡jvfv‡e cÖPvi K‡ib †h, mf¨Zvi g~j Ø›Ø n‡”Q mZ¨ I Am‡Zï ga¨Kvi msMÖvg| mZ¨ I Am‡Zï ga¨Kvi msMÖvg †h gvbe mf¨Zvi wPiš—b msMÖvg G e¨vcv‡i weZK© Kivi my‡hvM Kg| wKš‘ hviv GB ZË¡ cÖPvi Ki‡Qb Zviv a‡g©i bv-†evSv AvßevK¨ D×„Z K‡i wb‡R‡ì‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Qb m‡Zï aviK wn‡m‡e Ges wfbœ ag©vej¤^x‡ì‡K m‡Zï cÖwZc¶ wn‡m‡e| Bmjvg ag© m¤ú‡K© AvaywbK wkw¶Z‡ì G me Ace¨vL¨v LÊb KivI Lye mnR KvR bq| GB mgm¨v Av‡iv gReyZ n‡”Q, BnRM‡Zi Rb¨ weÁvb I cÖhyw³ Ges ciRM‡Zi Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì msiw¶Z ag©xq g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKvknxb wk¶vÕ Ñ GB Ae¯’v‡bi †fZi w`‡q| G †kªYxi wØZxq ¯—‡ii †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ `„k¨Z wKQzUv D`vi‰bwZKZv †`Lv hvq| Giv wk¶vUv‡K g~jZ †ckv`vwi‡Z¡i Rb¨ †bq Ges wPivqZ wbq‡g ag©K‡g©I †ek `ye©jZv †`Lvq| G‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡K BnKv‡ji wk¶v Ges ciKv‡ji wk¶v‡K hyw³kxj g~j¨‡ev‡ai †fZ‡i ùvo Kiv‡Z cv‡i bv| AvaywbKZvi †jevm c‡iI G‡ì A‡b‡KB g~j¨‡ev‡ai †¶‡Î GK ai‡bi AÜKviv”QbœZvi †fZi †_‡K hvq| Ggb A‡bK D”Pwkw¶Z †jvK‡ì Rvwb Ñ hviv wb‡R‡ì‡K e¯‘ev`x e‡j `vwe K‡ib Ñ Zviv KL‡bv KL‡bv bvgvR-†ivRv ev ag©xq AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb K‡i G iKg wek¦vm †_‡K †h, hw` ciKv‡ji Rxeb †_‡KB _v‡K Z‡e Kv‡R jvM‡e ev wec` †_‡K euvPv hv‡e, Avi hw` bv _v‡K †Zv †bB| G ai‡bi Ae¯’vb †h Lye `ye©j Ges g~j¨‡evanxb Ae¯’vb Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i †evSv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| myweavev`x bxwZi ¯’~j

cÖKvk| G ai‡bi Ae¯’vb `„k¨Z D`vi‰bwZK n‡jI G ¯—‡ii gvbyl g~j¨‡eva k~b¨Zvi Kvi‡Y †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi weåvwš—‡Z Av”Qbœ n‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì Av‡jvPbv BnKvj ciKvj weZK© bq, eis ev¯—e Rxe‡bi g~j¨‡eva wb‡q| DwjwLZ †kªYxi gvbyl¸‡jv †ckvMZ ev cyuw_MZ wk¶vq h‡_ó D”Pwkw¶Z nIqv m‡Ë¡I wk¶vi `vwqZ¡ I `vqe×Zv Abyave‡b wbgœ ¯—‡iB †_‡K hvq| Giv a‡g©i AÜwek¦vm Ges AvaywbKZvi†fvM¨cY¨ mgvb fv‡eB Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z Rv‡bb| wKš‘ wk¶v Zv‡ì‡K cwikxwjZ g~j¨‡eva w`‡Z e¨_© nq|

Z…Zxq ¯—‡i ej‡Z nq G‡ì K_v hviv bv-†evSv weÁv‡bi msKxY© AvßevK¨ gyL¯’ K‡i `vwqZ¡nxbfv‡e ciKvj‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i| G‡ì Avm‡j †Kv‡bv g~j¨‡eva †bB Ges DbœZ Rxeb‡evaI †bB| nUKvwiZv ekZ DbœZ gvbweK `vq-`vwqZ¡ A¯^xKvi Kivi Rb¨ Zviv AvaywbKZvi Avkªq †bq gvÎ| G‡ì gy‡L weÁvbgb¯‹Zvi K_vI †kvbv †h‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e †mB weÁv‡bi cwiwa Lye ¶z`ª MwÊ‡Z Ave×| Giv cvðvZ¨‡K g‡Wj wn‡m‡e AbymiY Kivi `vweI Ki‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e cvðv‡Zï A_©weË I

Bmjv‡g ciKv‡j Rxe‡bi Kg©KvÊ wePv‡ii aviYv Av‡Q, †e‡nk&Z-

†`vR‡Li eY©bvI Av‡Q| wKš‘ g„Zzï c‡ii me wKQzB ˆRweK Rxe‡bi

aviYv‡K bvKP K‡i w`‡q| †KviAvb gwR‡ì g~j cv‡V Ges nvw`‡mi

cÖvgvY¨ eY©bvq †e‡nk&Z-†`vR‡Li †h aviYv Av‡Q Zv †Kej AvZ¥vi kvwš—c~Y© ev kvwš—nxb Ae¯’v w`‡qB e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| wKš‘ Bmjv‡gi wk¶vi bv‡gI Kvjµ‡g †e‡nk&Z-†`vR‡Li ¯’~j

Aw¯—‡Z¡i aviYv AbycÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q ag©xq PP©vq wPËe„wËi AatcZb I jvjmve„wËi cÖvavb¨ we¯—v‡ii

cvkvcvwk|

gy³v‡š^lv

49

†fvMwejv‡mi Dcwi AskUv Qvov Zviv Avi wKQz †ev‡S bv| cvðvZ¨ mgv‡Ri gvbweK mg„w×Uv M‡o †Zvjvi †cQ‡b †h hyw³kxj g~j¨‡eva I Zx¶è Rxeb †eva KvR K‡i‡Q †m me †evSvi †¶‡ÎI G ai‡bi gvbwmKZv weivU Aš—ivq| G me LyP‡iv Awek¦vmx †jv‡KivI AÜ wek¦vmx‡ì gZB|GLv‡b Avgiv ag© wb‡q ev a‡g© wb‡`©wkZ BnKvj-ciKvj wb‡q mwe¯—vi Av‡jvPbvq †h‡Z cvie bv, cÖe‡Üi g~j welq e¯‘Uv ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ D`vniY¯îƒc wKQz welq D‡jL K‡i wb‡Z PvB| ciKvj m¤ú‡K© †Kvb a‡g© wK aviYv Av‡Q Zv mwe¯—vi Avwg Rvwb bv| Z‡e Bmjvg ag© m¤ú‡K© Lye cwi®‹vifv‡e ej‡Z cvwi, g„Zzï c‡i †h Rxeb †bB G aviYv Lye ¯úó| G‡Z ev¯—e Rxe‡bi `vwqZ¡‡evaB g~j K_v| Bmjv‡g ciKv‡j Rxe‡bi Kg©KvÊ wePv‡ii aviYv Av‡Q, †e‡nk&Z-†`vR‡Li eY©bvI Av‡Q| wKš‘ g„Zzï c‡ii me wKQzB ˆRweK Rxe‡bi aviYv‡K bvKP K‡i w`‡q| †KviAvb gwR‡ì g~j cv‡V Ges nvw`‡mi cÖvgvY¨ eY©bvq †e‡nk&Z-†`vR‡Li †h aviYv Av‡Q Zv †Kej AvZ¥vi kvwš—c~Y© ev kvwš—nxb Ae¯’v w`‡qB e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| wKš‘ Bmjv‡gi wk¶vi bv‡gI Kvjµ‡g †e‡nk&Z-†`vR‡Li ¯’~j Aw¯—‡Z¡i aviYv AbycÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q ag©xq PP©vq wPËe„wËi AatcZb I jvjmve„wËi cÖvavb¨ we¯—v‡ii cvkvcvwk| Gfv‡eB Rxeb‡ev‡a hyw³kxjZv I Rxe‡bi cig g~j¨‡ev‡ai †¶‡Î Kvjµ‡g AÜwek¦vm I wew”QbœZv m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvaywbKKv‡j a‡g©i bv‡g BnKvj-ciKv‡ji aviYv‡K ¯’yj wew”Qbœ aviYvq cwiYZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GUv a‡g©i wk¶v bq, a‡g©i weK…wZ| GB weK…wZi gva¨‡g gymwjg g~j¨‡ev‡ai †fZ‡i `vi“Y weåvwš— m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| d‡j jvf n‡q‡Q g~j¨‡evanxb ag©vPvi| AÜwek¦vm AvwkªZ Z_vKw_Z ag©xq g~j¨‡ev‡a Av”Qbœ avwg©K GLb BnKvj m‡PZbZvi bv‡g Lvwj KuvPv ¯^v‡_©i †cQ‡b Qz‡U, Avi Z_vKw_Z ciRM‡Z Kvq`v-†KŠk‡j Av‡iv †ewk †c‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ a‡g©i bv‡g AvZ¥cÖZviYv K‡i| GUvB eZ©gvb hy‡M, Aš—Zt gymwjg mgv‡Ri, g~j¨‡eva msµvš— g~j mgm¨v| GB mgm¨v Ava¨vwZ¥K bq, eis mgv‡Ri ev¯—e AatcZ‡bi gg© g~j GLv‡bB|

ag© m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv `yÕ‡Uv welq GLv‡b D‡jL bv Ki‡j g~j welq Dcjwä‡Z Avbv KwVb †_‡K hv‡e| †KviAvb gwR‡ì G‡Kev‡i ïi“i w`‡KB, m~iv evKvivi wØZxq Avqv‡Zi GKwU Ask GiKg t

ÔAvjøvwRbv BDÕ †gbybv wej Mvqe..Õ| Gi evsjv Abyev` mvaviYZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K G fv‡e, Ôhviv bv †`‡L ev A`„‡k¨ wek¦vm K‡i..Õ| Avm‡j AbyevÙv G fv‡e Ki‡j Gi A_© †gv‡UI cÖKvk cvq bv| GLv‡b Zvrch©c~Y© kãUv nj ÔMvqeÕ| Mvqe k‡ãi A_© Abycw¯’Z ev A`„k¨| Z‡e GLv‡b Zvrch©MZ A_© n‡”Q Ôweg~Z©Õ| evK¨vskwUi A_© n‡e Ôhviv weg~Z©‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ| Ôweg~Z©Õ gvbweK mf¨Zvi Rb¨ †gŠwjK Zvrch©c~Y© welq| gvbyl cÖK…Z A‡_© gvbyl n‡q D‡V‡Q †mB w`b †h w`b †_‡K †m weg~Z©‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z wk‡L‡Q| A`„‡k¨ wek¦vm gv‡b AÜwek¦vm Avi weg~‡Z© wek¦vm gv‡b gvbeZvq wek¦vm| gvbeRvwZ Zvi weKv‡ki cÖwµqvq K‡e Kx fv‡e `yB cv‡qi Ici fi K‡i ùvov‡Z wk‡LwQ‡jv Zv †fŠZ weeZ©bev‡ì M‡elYvi gva¨‡g eZ©gv‡b ¯úó n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ gvbyl K‡e Kx fv‡e weg~Z© gvbeZv‡K Dcjwä‡Z Avb‡Z

ag© m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv `yÕ‡Uv welq GLv‡b D‡jL bv Ki‡j g~j welq Dcjwä‡Z Avbv KwVb †_‡K hv‡e| †KviAvb gwR‡ì G‡Kev‡i ïi“i w`‡KB, m~iv evKvivi wØZxq Avqv‡Zi GKwU Ask GiKg t ÔAvjøvwRbv BDÕ †gbybv wej Mvqe..Õ| Gi evsjv Abyev` mvaviYZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K G fv‡e, Ôhviv bv †`‡L ev A`„‡k¨ wek¦vm K‡i..Õ| Avm‡j AbyevÙv G fv‡e Ki‡j Gi A_© †gv‡UI cÖKvk cvq bv| GLv‡b Zvrch©c~Y© kãUv nj ÔMvqeÕ| Mvqe k‡ãi A_© Abycw¯’Z ev A`„k¨| Z‡e GLv‡b Zvrch©MZ A_© n‡”Q Ôweg~Z©Õ| evK¨vskwUi A_© n‡e Ôhviv weg~Z©‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ| Ôweg~Z©Õ gvbweK mf¨Zvi Rb¨ †gŠwjK Zvrch©c~Y© welq| gvbyl cÖK…Z A‡_© gvbyl n‡q D‡V‡Q †mB w`b †h w`b †_‡K †m weg~Z©‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z wk‡L‡Q| A`„‡k¨ wek¦vm gv‡b AÜwek¦vm Avi weg~‡Z© wek¦vm gv‡b gvbeZvq wek¦vm|

gy³v‡š^lv

50

m¶g n‡qwQ‡jv †mUvB wek¦RM‡Zi Ici gvby‡li cÖf~Z¡ we¯—v‡ii m~Pbv| GKwU evb‡ii mvg‡b GKwU cvKv Kjv I GKwU KuvPv Kjv †Ìqv n‡j †m cvKv KjvwU MÖnY K‡i mh‡Zœ f¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| †mB evbiwUi mvg‡bB hw` GKRb ¸Yevb gvbyl Ges GKRb ¸Ynxb gvbyl‡K Dcw¯’Z Kiv nq Z‡e †m `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z A¶g| GKwU ev‡Ni mvg‡b hw` GKRb gnvcyiæl I GKRb Agvbyl‡K †Q‡o †Ìqv nq Z‡e †m Kv‡K Av‡M ea Ki‡e Gi m¤¢vebv `yÕR‡bi †ejvqB cÂvk-cÂvk| wKš‘ gvbyl †h gnvb `vwqZ¡wU wb‡q R‡b¥‡Q Zv nj, gvbweK DrKl© I AcKl©‡K dvivK Ki‡Z Rvbv| Gi ci Avwm AvcvZZ AvR‡Ki gZ ag© m¤ú‡K© †kl K_vwU‡Z|

a‡g©i Ab¨Zg cÖavb welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq ˆbwZKZv| ˆbwZKZv gvbyl Kx fv‡e †c‡jv? cÖ‡Z¨K ag©B hvi hvi gZ K‡i G‡KKUv e¨vL¨v ùvo Kwi‡q‡Q| mvg‡b †U‡b wb‡q G‡b‡Q †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv gnvcyi“l ev c~e©cyi“‡li wk¶v‡K| `„k¨Z ˆbwZKZv‡K †`Lv hvq AvßevK¨ wbf©i wek¦v‡mi dmj wn‡m‡e| wKš‘ cÖK…Z A‡_© ˆbwZKZv n‡”Q hyw³kxjZvi cwikxwjZ iƒc| ˆbwZKZv cÖK…Z A‡_© AvßevK¨ wbf©i bq, Z_vKw_Z Dcvmbv ag©wbf©iI bq| eis Lye Rxeb Nwbôfv‡eB hyw³kxj wk¶v wbf©i| wKš‘ ˆbwZKZvi †hŠw³KZv wb‡q cix¶v-wbix¶v Kivi ev cÖkœ †Zvjvi ¯^vaxbZv mgvR gvbyl‡K AZx‡Z Lye GKUv †`qwb ev w`‡Z cv‡iwb| gvbe mgv‡R ˆbwZKZvi evaëvaKZv hZUv Ri“ix, hyw³ †evSvi mvg_© me©mvavi‡Yi †Kvb Kv‡jB ZZUv wQj bv| Z‡e GLb gvbe mf¨Zvi ¸YMZ AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| GB Ae¯’vq AvaywbK wk¶vi Ab¨Zg cªavb `vwqZ¡ n‡q c‡o ˆbwZKZv‡K hyw³kxjZvi gva¨‡g cwikxwjZ Ki‡Z †kLv‡bv Ges hyw³kxj ˆbwZKZvi cÖwZ `vqe×Zv M‡o Zzj‡Z mnvqZv Kiv| GZ¶Y a‡i †h welqwU ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv Av‡jvPbv `xN©vwqZ Kijvg Zvi g~j K_vwU GB|

AvaywbK wk¶vq †Kb GB `vwqZ¡ I `vqe×Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q D‡V‡Q Gi Avi j¤^v e¨vL¨v †Ìqvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nq bv| cÖvPxbKv‡j wk¶v AwaKZi AvßevK¨ wbf©i wQj, AvaywbKKv‡j AwaKZi hyw³ wbf©i n‡q‡Q| cÖvPxbKv‡j wk¶vi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ wQj ÔgvbvÕ Avi AvaywbKKv‡j g~j cÖwZcv`¨ Ô†evSvÕ| cÖvPxbKv‡j mvaviY gvbyl‡K ejv n‡Zv, †Zvgiv †ev‡Sv Avi bv †ev‡Sv GUv gv‡bv Ñ KviY GUv Ck¦‡ii

wb‡`©k, A_ev bex-imy‡ji evYx| A_ev ejv n‡Zv GUv wPiKv‡ji wewa-eë¯’v, c~e©cyi“‡li HwZn¨| myZivs `vqe×Zvi cwiwaUvI wQ‡jv †Kej AbyKi‡Yi g‡a¨| AvaywbKv‡j `vqe×Zvi cwiwa m¤úÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q Av‡iv AwaKZi †evSvi †¶Î¸‡jv‡Z| AvaywbKKv‡j gvby‡li RxebvPi‡Y hyw³kxjZvi weKvk N‡U‡Q| GB cwi‡e‡k AvaywbK wk¶vi GKUv eo `vwqZ¡ n‡q D‡V‡Q gvby‡li gvbweK `vwqZ¡ I `vqe×ZvRwbZ bxwZ-ˆbwZKZv¸‡jv hyw³kxjZvi Kwó cv_‡i hvPvB K‡i cwikxwjZ Kiv| GUv‡K hw` †KD Z_vKw_Z A‡_© a‡g©i welq ej‡Z Pvq Z‡e Zv n‡e weåvwš—Ki| GUv mgvR I iv‡óªi welq| `vwqZ¡‡evanxb AvaywbKZv Ges †kKo ‡Quov LyP‡iv weÁvbgb¯‹Zv mgv‡Ri we`¨gvb AvßevK¨ wbf©i RivRxY©-ˆbwZKZvi weKí bq| eis cwikxwjZ ˆbwZKZvB GKgvÎ weKí| AvR‡Ki wk¶vq Ges wkw¶‡Zi †fZ‡i G †¶‡Î NvUwZ †h A‡bKLvwb m„wó n‡qB †M‡Q Zv GLb Avgv‡ì‡K Abyaveb Ki‡ZB n‡e| AvaywbKZvi A_© ag©‡K cvk KvUv‡bvi bv‡g `vwqZ¡nxbZvq DcbxZ nIqv bq| ÔAvwg Miæ Ges ïKi `y‡UvB LvBÕÑGgb Ae¯’vb AvaywbKZvi bvgvš—i n‡Z cv‡i; hwÌ i¶Ykxj avwg©K Zv hvi hvi Ae¯’vb †_‡K mg_©b Ki‡eb bv| wKš‘ ÔAvwg †eZ‡bi UvKv Ges Nyl-`ybx©wZi UvKv mgvbfv‡eB cQ›` KwiÕÑGgb Ae¯’vb AvaywbKZv n‡Z cv‡i bv; hw` me a‡g©i ag©‡eËviv wg‡j Zv mg_©b Ki‡ZI Pvq| welqUv ïay A_© ev m¤ú` msµvš— bq, weg~Z© ˆbwZKZviI| ag© we‡k‡l Mi“ wKsev ïK‡ii †P‡q gvbyl wbwe©‡k‡l Ny‡li UvKvi A‰eaZv ev †envjvwjcbv A‡bK †ewk weg~Z©| Mi“ wKsev ïKi †L‡q †KD †KD ewg Ki‡jI Nyl †L‡q †KD ewg K‡i bv| AvaywbKZvi A_© hw` GiKg †h, ÔAvwg wKQz gvwb bvÕ ev ÔAvwg a‡g©i nvjvj-nvivg gvwb bvÕÑZ‡e Zv AvaywbKZv bq, eis Amf¨Zv ev ei©iZv| AvaywbKZvi A_© n‡”Q hyw³kxjZv‡K Av‡iv ¯úó I cwikxwjZfv‡e Rxe‡b cÖwZwôZ Kiv| Zv Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j †mB `vwqZ¡nxb Z_vKw_Z AvaywbKZv gvbe mgvR‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z cvi‡e bv|

ˆbwZKZvi m‡½ a‡g©i m¤úK© Av‡Q GUv Avgiv AvaywbK mgv‡Ri ev¯—eZvq hZUv cÖZ¨¶ Kwi Zvi †P‡q †ewk wba©vwiZ n‡q Av‡Q BwZnv‡mi ev¯—eZvq| ag©‡K wN‡i ˆbwZKZv ˆZwi nqwb eis ˆbwZKZv‡K aviY K‡iB ag© cÖvwZôvwbKZv jvf K‡i‡Q| GKRb gvbyl hZ eo ag© cÖPviK ev

gy³v‡š^lv

51

gnvcyiæl nb A_ev GKUv RvwZ ev †Mvôx GK Rxe‡b, GKÕk, `yÕk ev nvRvi eQ‡i ˆbwZKZvi ¯^Zš¿ mvgwMÖK cwigÊj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ‰bwZKZv Avm‡j mf¨Zvi m~ÎcvZ †_‡K AvR ch©š— ¯’vb-Kv‡ji mvgwMÖK cwigÊ‡ji m„wó| ˆbwZKZvi Avw` BwZnvm Avgiv †`wL AvßevK¨ †Kw›`ªK| wKš‘ GKUz AbymÜvb Ki‡jB Avgiv †`Le, AvßevK¨ ˆbwZKZv ˆZwi K‡i bv, eis gvbe mgv‡Ri ev¯—e cÖ‡qvR‡b AvßevK¨ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| AvßevK¨ †h‡nZz AÜKvi m„wó‡ZI mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i †m‡nZz †mUvI i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ hyw³kxj AvßevK¨ ˆbwZKZvi m~Î wn‡m‡e Ggb me Rb‡Mvôx‡K HKë× Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q hv‡ì A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB G¸‡jvi hyw³kxjZv A‡evaMg¨| AvaywbKv‡j wk¶vi AMÖMwZ gvbe mgvR‡K GK AMÖmi RvqMvq wb‡q G‡m‡Q| GiciI wK Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h mvgwMÖK ˆbwZKZvi hyw³kxj e¨vL¨v mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q h‡_ó †evaMg¨? ev¯—eZv Zv e‡j bv| wKš‘ wk¶vi AMÖMwZ †h gvbe mgvR‡K GKUv ¸YMZ DuPz gvÎvq wb‡q G‡m‡Q GUv GK

ev¯—eZv| GB ev¯—eZvq Avgiv AvaywbK hyw³kxjZvi m‡½ avwg©KZvi Am½wZ ev we‡iva †`wL| wKš‘ GB we‡ivaUvB g~j K_v bq| g~j K_v nj, AvaywbK wk¶v‡K hyw³kxj ˆbwZKZvq cybM©Vb I cÖwZ¯’vc‡b KZUv m¶g K‡i †Zvjv †M‡Q|

AvaywbKKv‡j hLb ejv nq †h, mgv‡R g~j¨‡eva I ˆbwZKZvi Ae¶q NU‡Q ZLb cÖKvivš—‡i ¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv nq †h Av‡M BwZevPK hv wQ‡jv GLb Zv a‡i ivLv hv‡”Q bv| A_©vr AZxZ †_‡K fwel¨‡Z gvbyl wbiew”Qbœ Av‡jvi w`‡K hv‡”Q bv, AÜKv‡ii w`‡K hv‡”Q| Mi“ Ges ïK‡ii gvs‡mi ¯^v` Avwe®‹vi KivUv‡K Ae¶q eje bv eis AMÖMwZB eje, wKš‘ ïay ¯^v` Avwe®‹viB mf¨Zvi AMÖMwZ bq| mf¨Zvi AMÖMwZ mvwaZ nq gvby‡li eyw×e„wË‡Z hyw³kxjZv I `vwqZ¡kxjZvi DrKl© mva‡bi gva¨‡g| AvaywbK mf¨Zv eyw×e„wË I †fvMevw`Zvi †¶‡Î gvbyl‡K †h RvqMvq G‡b †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q †mUv †h A‡bK DbœZ ¯—i G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| wKš‘ gvbyl‡K `vwqZ¡wbô K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î GB mf¨Zv Ges Gi wk¶v eë¯’v KZLvwb AMÖmi n‡Z cvi‡Q †m e¨vcv‡i m‡›`‡ni AeKvk Av‡Q| AvaywbK ˆbwZK I gvbweK wk¶vq eyw×e„wËK cybM©V‡bi Zvrch©c~Y© RvqMvwU †mLv‡b|

AvaywbK wk¶vi `vwqZ¡ I `vqe×Zv¸‡jv‡Z †h AZx‡Zi Zzjbvq DbœZ gvÎv hy³ nIqvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Awbevh© n‡q D‡V‡Q G welqUv GLb Av‡iv ¸i“Z¡ mnKv‡i we‡ePbvq wb‡ZB n‡e| G cÖm‡½B Ny‡i wd‡i Av‡m ag©, ˆbwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva, Rxeb‡eva, GgbwK BnRvMwZKZv I ciRvMwZKZvi gZ welq¸‡jvI| ag© wPiKvjB wKQzUv ¯úk©KvZi welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| AvaywbKKv‡j †mUv †e‡o‡Q KZ¸‡jv A¯^vfvweK Kvi‡Y| A_P ¯úk©KvZiZvB a‡g©i me©vwaK wecwËi w`K| BwZnv‡mi ev¯—eZv nj, gvbe mf¨Zvi BwZnvm A‡bKvs‡k ag© ms¯‹v‡ii BwZnvm| K_vUv ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ D`vniY ¯îƒc Bmjvg a‡g©i K_vB hw` ewj Z‡e †`Le, gnvbex nRiZ gyn¤§`(m.) ag© cÖPv‡ii K_v e‡jbwb, ag© ms¯‹v‡ii K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi ¯^‡MvÎ †Kv‡ik‡ì e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvgv‡ì c~e©cyi“l‡ì KvQ †_‡K †h ag© Avgiv †c‡qwQ Gi A‡bK wKQzB weK…Z, weåvwš—Ki, Ab¨vq I A‡hŠw³KÕ| Zuvi K_v wQj, †mUv‡K ms¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e, †hŠw³K Ki‡Z n‡e| ZLbB we‡iva m„wó nq, Zuv‡K cÖv‡Y †g‡i †djvi

gnvbex nRiZ gyn¤§`(m.) ag© cÖPv‡ii K_v e‡jbwb, ag© ms¯‹v‡ii K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi ¯^‡MvÎ †Kv‡ik‡ì e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvgv‡ì c~e©cyi“l‡ì KvQ †_‡K †h ag© Avgiv †c‡qwQ Gi A‡bK wKQzB

weK…Z, weåvwš—Ki, Ab¨vq I A‡hŠw³KÕ| Zuvi K_v wQj, †mUv‡K ms¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e, †hŠw³K Ki‡Z n‡e| ZLbB we‡iva m„wó nq, Zuv‡K cÖv‡Y †g‡i †djvi †Póv nq, hy×

euv‡a| GB hy×Uv GKUv `ye©j RvwZi Ici GKUv mej RvwZi Suvwc‡q

covi NUbv bq| eis GKUv AwfRvZ RvwZi cÖwZwôZ ag©‡K

†fZi †_‡K ms¯‹vi Kivi msMÖvg|

gy³v‡š^lv

52

†Póv nq, hy× euv‡a| GB hy×Uv GKUv `ye©j RvwZi Ici GKUv mej RvwZi Suvwc‡q covi NUbv bq| eis GKUv AwfRvZ RvwZi cÖwZwôZ ag©‡K †fZi †_‡K ms¯‹vi Kivi msMÖvg| mf¨Zvi †Mvov †_‡KB ms¯‹vi †hŠw³KZvi AbymÜv‡b AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| †hŠw³K KZLvwb n‡q‡Q ev †hŠw³KZv KZUv wUK‡Z †c‡i‡Q †mUv Aek¨B cÖkœ| G‡Kev‡iB †h nqwb Zv wKš‘ bq| Avmj welq ïay hyw³i g‡a¨ bq, `vwqZ¡wbôZvi g‡aÏ| gvby‡li mgv‡R hyw³i †P‡q ¯^v_©‡eva Kg kw³kvjx bq| GUvB Avmj welq| AvaywbKv‡j G welqwU Av‡iv cÖKU n‡q‡Q|

ag© I ˆbwZKZv hyw³kxjZvq cÖwZwôZ nIqv AvaywbK mgv‡Ri GKUv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© `vwe Ges †mB m‡½ gvbyl‡K `vwqZ¡wbô K‡i †Zvjvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvUv‡K †`Lv DwPZ Av‡iv ¸i“Z¡mnKv‡i| hyw³kxj Ki‡Z PvB‡jB mgvR-mf¨Zv‡K Kvw•¶Z gvÎvq hyw³kxj Kiv hvq bv| hyw³ gyL¯’ Kiv‡jI gvbyl me mgq hyw³wbô nq bv| evav Zvi msKxY© ¯^v_©‡eva Ges `vwqZ¡wbôZvi Afve| GB †cÖ¶vc‡U ùvwo‡qB AvaywbKKv‡j wk¶vq ¯^v‡_©i m‡½ hyw³wbôZvi mgš^q NUv‡bvi cÖkœwU ¸i“Zi n‡q D‡V‡Q|

AvaywbKKv‡j me‡P‡q weåvwš—Ki †h mgm¨vwU w`‡bw`‡b Nbxf~Z n‡q DV‡Q Zv nj, ag©‡K AwZ gvÎvq ¯ck©KvZi K‡i †Zvjv| we‡kl K‡i hyw³kxjZvi PP©vi †fZ‡iB ag©‡K ¯úk©KvZi e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv| GUv AvaywbK mf¨Zvi mvg‡b GK gvivZ¥K cÖwZeÜK| eû a‡g©i mgv‡R MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva aviY Kivi †¶‡Î Gi GKUv Awbevh©ZvI Av‡Q| A‡bï a‡g©i wek¦vm I AwfgZ hyw³m½Z bv n‡jI Gi cÖwZ kª×v †`Lv‡bv MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ask| wKš‘ wb‡Ri ag©, mgvR I iv‡óªi ˆbwZKZv‡K hyw³kxjZvq cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li i‡q‡Q †mUv fz‡j †M‡j Pj‡e bv| wb‡R‡ì `vwqZ¡nxbZv I A‡hvM¨ZvekZt ag©‡K ¯úk©KvZiZvq Ave„Z Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avgiv GLb Ggb GK RvqMvq wM‡q †cuŠ‡QwQ †h wb‡Ri †fZ‡i hyw³kxjZv cÖwZôv KivB n‡q hv‡”Q KwVb| ag©‡K AwZgvÎvq ¯úk©KvZi K‡i †Zvjv n‡j mgvR I ivóª‡K hyw³kxjZvq cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Kiv hvq bv| wk¶vi Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q hyw³kxj we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯úk©KvZiZvi Aemvb NUv‡bv ev Kgv‡bv| wKš‘ G †¶‡Î GLb m„wó n‡q‡Q weivU k~b¨Zv| wk¶v GK w`‡K ag© I ˆbwZKZv‡K AvaywbKvwqZ Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡”Q| Aci w`‡K wkw¶Z

Rb‡K Kvw•¶Z gvÎvq `vwqZ¡‡eva m¤úbœ K‡i Zzj‡Z cvi‡Q bv| wk¶vi gva¨‡g cwi”Qbœ g~j¨‡eva I ˆbwZKZvi †hŠw³K cUf~wg AR©‡b e¨_©Zv GiB cwiYwZ| cwi‡k‡l Avevi †Mvov‡Z wd‡i Avwm, †mB †h D‡jL K‡iwQjvg, Avgv‡ì g~j¨‡eva I wk¶vq BnKvj-ciKvj ¯’yj wefvR‡bi weåvwš—Ki cÖm½wU Ges Ag~j¨ I g~jëv‡bi m~² cv_©K¨wU| wKQz gvbyl BnKv‡ji Rxeb mdj Kivi Rb¨ DbœZ Ávb I cÖhyw³ AvniY Ki‡e Avi wKQz gvbyl ciKv‡j myLx nIqvi Rb¨ ag©xq ZË¡Áv‡bi mvabv Ki‡e GUv †h weåvwš—Ki Zv †evSvi Rb¨ †ewk eyw× jv‡M bv| wk¶v eë¯’vq G iKg wefvwRZ aviv m„wó Kiv ev wUwK‡q ivLv‡Zv G‡Kev‡iB Aevš—i| Av‡iKUz e¯‘wbô K‡i ej‡Z †M‡j †KD ïay Z¨v‡Mi `x¶v Avi †KD †fv‡Mi wk¶v †b‡e Ggb wPš—vI my¯’ bq| wk¶v eë¯’vq G e¨vcv‡i HKgZÏ GKvš— Ri“ix| wKš‘ AvaywbK Ávb-mg„× mgv‡Ri wk¶vq GUvI wK ¯úó Kiv †M‡Q †h, BnKvj-ciKv‡ji hyw³kxj A_© n‡jv AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡? cviv hvqwb| cviv †h hvqwb Zv †Kej eB‡qi cvZvq bq, eis Rxe‡bi ev¯—eZvq| cvIqvi AvKv•¶v hZUv Zxeª n‡q‡Q †Ìqvi gvbwmKZv wKš‘ ZZUv cÖej nqwb| wb‡Ri AR©b ey‡S †bIqvi Ges c~e©cyi“‡li m¤ú‡` fvM emv‡bvi AwaKvi Aek¨B Avgv‡ì Av‡Q| †m AwaKvi mZ¨ I b¨vh¨| Z‡e A‡bï cÖvc¨ eywS‡q †Ìqvi ev DËi cyi“l‡ì Rb¨ m¤ú` †i‡L hvIqvi `vwqZ¡ †h Avgv‡ì Av‡Q Zv fz‡j †M‡j GB mf¨Zv wUK‡e bv| ciKvjev`x‡ì‡K Zv‡ì AÁZv, ¯’~j eyw× I A‡hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ we`ª~c Kiv mnR; wKš‘ Avmj KvR nj, gvbweK `vqe×Zv¸‡jv‡K Rxe‡bi me©¯—‡i cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Kiv| AvaywbK wk¶v hw` gvby‡li †fZ‡i DbœZi gvbweK g~j¨‡eva RvMwiZ Ki‡Z A¶g nq, wPivqZ gvbweK ˆbwZKZv¸‡jv‡K hw` hyw³kxjZvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Ki‡Z e¨_© nq Ñ wk¶v hw` gvby‡li `vqe×Zvi DrKl© mva‡bi Aej¤^b n‡Z bv cv‡i Z‡e †m wk¶v †h wePz¨wZ ev Ae¶‡qi w`‡K hv‡”Q Zv ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB n‡e|

gvIjvbv †nv‡mb Avjx GKvav‡i Bmjvgx kv‡¯¿ mycwÊZ, †mKz¨jvwi÷ I gy³eyw× PP©vi GKwbô mvaK| cÖeÜKvi I †ckvq mvsevw`K| †dvb: 0171 6008842, 0155 2376923

gy³v‡š^lv

53

{A¶q Kzgvi `Ë (1820Ñ1886) wQ‡jb Avcmnxb hyw³ev`x| cÖ_g Rxe‡b Avw` eªvþ mgv‡Ri m‡½ hy³ _vK‡jI µgktB wZwb n‡q I‡Vb mskqx I †kl ch©šÍ wbixk¦iev`x| we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ‡ì Rb¨ Ôf~‡MvjÕ (1841), ÔPviæcvVÕ (wZb LÊ, 1853Ñ59) I Ôc`v_©we`¨vÕ (1856) bv‡g wZbwU cvV¨ cy¯—K iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| ÔfviZel©xq DcvmK m¤úÖ`vqÕ (cÖ_g LÊ, 1870; wØZxq LÊ, 1883) MÖš’wU Zuvi wecyj Aa¨qb I AbymÜv‡bi cwiPq enb K‡i|†WwfW †nqvi (1775Ñ1842) wQ‡jb ¯‹Uj¨vÛ †_‡K Avmv Abb¨ evOvjx ‡cÖwgK| wLª÷vb wgkbvix‡ì cÖPwjZ wkÿv-eë¯’vi wZwb wQ‡jb †Nvi we‡ivax| AvaywbK Ávb-weÁvb wk¶v, we‡klZt ke-eë‡”Q`-wfwËK wPwKrmvwe`¨v cÖeZ©‡b wZwb cÖf~Z A_©, kªg I mgq e¨q K‡ib| Zuvi g„Zzï ci †KvjKvZvi wLª÷vb m¤úÖ`vq Zv‡ì mgvwa¯’‡j Zuvi †`n mgvwa¯’ Ki‡Z ivRx nb wb, †nqvi bvw¯—K wQ‡jbGB ARynv‡Z| †kl ch©š— †KvjKvZvi †Mvj`xwN‡Z Zuv‡K mgvwa¯’ Kiv nq| †WwfW †nqv‡ii ¯§i‡Y †h evwl©K mfv cÖwZ eQi AbywôZ n‡Zv Zvi Z„Zxq e‡l© AÿqKzgvi GB e³…ZvwU w`‡qwQ‡jb| cÖe‡Üi bvgKiY Avgv‡ì| ZLb †h evbvb ixwZ cÖPwjZ wQj ZvB AweKj AbymiY Kiv nj| - m¤úv`K]

mßvn †gNv”Qbœ nBqv c‡i m~h©¨ cÖKvk nB‡j wPË wK cÖKvi cÖdzj nq| MÖx‡®§§‡Z MvÎ `vn nBqv c‡i g›`

kxZj evqyi wn‡jv‡j kixi wmœ» nB‡Z Avi¤¢ nB‡j Aš—tKi‡Y wK cÖKvi m‡š—v‡li D`q nq| †mB iƒc wn›`yw`‡Mi gwjb PwiÎ‡K µgkt DrK…ó †`wLqv wPË Avb‡›` cwic~Y© nB‡Z‡Q| Avgiv KZ Kvj Av‡¶c Kwi‡ZwQ, †h ¯^‡`‡ki g½j †Póv Kiv †h gby‡lï cÖavb a¤§© Zvnv fviZel©¯’ †jvKw`‡Mi wPË nB‡Z jyß nBqv‡Q Ñ Abyrmvn, Aí cÖwZÁv, †Øl, Kjn, we‡”Q` Avgviw`‡Mi Áv‡bi cÖwZ mgvì bvB, m‡Zï cÖwZ cÖxwZ bvB, †Kvb K‡¤§©i D`¨g bvB, Ges hZ¶Y †Kvb wec`& g¯—‡Kvcwi cwZZ bv nq ZZ¶Y Zvnvi cªwZ `„K&cvZI nq bv| Avgiv KZ Kvj Av‡¶c Kwi‡ZwQ, †h G †`kxq †jvK BZi Rš‘i b¨vq Avnvi wenvivw` AjxK Av‡gv`‡KB Rxe‡bi g~jvavi Kvh©¨ †eva K‡ib, G cÖhy³ wKwÂr Kv‡ji Hw›`ªq my‡Li wbwg‡Ë ivwk ivwk ab mgc©Y K‡ib; wKš‘ Bnv Zuvnviv we‡ePbv K‡ib bv †h, RM`xk¦i wK wbwg‡Ë Zuvnviw`M‡K BZi cï A‡c¶v †kªô Kwiqv eyw×i mwnZ f~wlZ Kwiqv‡Qb? Zuvnvi wbqgvbymv‡i Dchy³ iƒ‡c ¶zzav kvwš— bv Kwi‡j †h cÖKvi kix‡ii my¯’Zv f½ nq, Dchy³iƒ‡c eyw×i Av‡jvPbv bv Kwi‡j †mBiƒc g~L©Zv I K`vPvi iƒc gvbwmK †ivM Dcw¯’Z nq, GB mZ¨‡K AÁvZ nBqv Zuvnviv Áv‡bi Ae‡njv meŸ©`v Kwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Qb| cy‡Îi weev‡nvcj‡¶ KZ e¨w³ j¶ UvKv ch©¨š— wbt‡¶c Kwiqv‡Qb, wKš‘ †mB cy‡Îi we`¨v Dcv¾©b wbwg‡Ë gv‡m cuvP UvKvI e¨q Kwi‡Z KzwÉZ nBqv‡Qb| GK iRbxi AcweÎ Av‡gv` Dcj‡¶ huvnviv mnmª UvKv Abvqv‡m e¨q Kwiqv‡Qb, Zuvnviv †Kvb we`¨vj‡qi mvnvh¨ Rb¨ `k UvKv `vb Kwi‡ZI wegyL nBqv‡Qb| GB cÖKv‡i G †`k¯’ †jv‡Ki gbyl¨‡Z¡i wPý cÖvq wQj bv| wKš‘ Giƒc Ae¯’v KZ Kvj ¯’vqx nB‡Z cv‡i? evqy cÖevwnZ bv nBqv KZ¶Y w¯’i _vwK‡Z cv‡i? Kvj µ‡g †jv‡Ki gbt‡¶Î cwi®‹…Z nB‡Z jvwMj, Ges Drmv‡ni exR A¼zwiZ nB‡Z Aviä nBj| c‡Ùi NÖvY whwb Abyfe Kwiqv‡Qb, wZwb eÜzw`M‡K †mB NÖvY myL cÖ`vb Kwievi Rb¨ Aek¨ hZœevb& n‡qb| huvnviv Áv‡bi ¯^v` cÖvß nB‡jb, Zuvnviv †mB Av¯^v`b myL Ab¨w`M‡K wèvi Rb¨ Drmvnx nB‡jb| wKš‘ wKqr Kvj †m Drmvn †Kej †gŠwLK Drmvn gvÎ nBj Ñ Z`bymv‡i Kvh©¨ nIqv `y®‹i nBj| Avgiv we`¨v wel‡q, †jv‡Ki wel‡q, ivRwbqg wel‡q KZ Av‡jvPbv KwiqvwQ, a¤§©va‡¤§©i wel‡q KZ P”P©v KwiqvwQ, Ges bvbv cÖKv‡i

A¶q Kzgvi `Ë

BwZnv‡mi cvZv †_‡K...

wk¶vimydj

gy³v‡š^lv

54

¯^‡`‡ki g½‡jvbœwZ Rb¨ KZ Av‡›`vjb I KZ cÖ¯—vve DÌvcb KwiqvwQ| wKš‘ †m †Kej Av‡›`vjb gvÎ nBqv‡Q| `yB weØvb& e¨w³i ci¯úi mv¶vr nB‡j ¯^‡`‡ki g½j Zuvnviw`‡Mi Avjv‡ci cÖ_g m~Î nBZ, wKš‘ c„_K nB‡j wPËc‡U †m mgy`‡qi wPýgvÎ _vwKZ bv| KZ e¨w³i Aš—tKi‡Y Drmv‡ni wkLv Z…Y mshy³ AwMœi b¨vq G‡Kev‡i RvR¡j¨gvb nBqvI ci¶‡Y wbeŸ©vY nBqv‡Q| mvavi‡Yi wnZRbK KZ K‡¤§©i

m~Pbv nBqvwQj, †m mKj †Kvb& Kv‡j jyß nBqv‡Q| GK wè‡m hvnvi A¼zi `„wó KwiqvwQ, ci wè‡m Zvnv‡K Dw”Qbœ †`wL‡Z nBqv‡Q| GB iƒ‡c ¯^‡`kwn‰Zlx gnvZ¥vw`‡Mi KZ hZœ wedj nBqv‡Q| wKš‘ KZ w`b webv el©‡Y †gNM¾©b nB‡Z cv‡i? wb`ªv nB‡Z RvMÖZ nBqv gbyl¨ KZ ¶Y kh¨vMZ iwn‡Z cv‡i? †Kej B”Qv‡Z †jvK Z…ß _vwK‡Z cvwi‡jK bv| Awfjvl Kv‡h©¨‡Z cwiYZ nB‡Z jvwMj, a‡¤§©i DbœwZ Rb¨ ZË¡‡evwabx mfv cÖwZwôZ nBj, Ges G †`‡ki myL ¯^”Q›`Zvi e„w× wbwg‡Ë †e½j weªwUk BwÛqv †mvmvBwU ms¯’vwcZ nBj| GB Dfq mfvi m‡fïv cÖwZÁvi mwnZ Zuvnviw`‡Mi K¤§© m¤úbœ Kwi‡Z‡Qb| we‡klZt G †`kxq †jv‡Ki Drmvn cÖevn ZLb cÖej †`wL, Ges ZLb Aš—tKiY mvn‡m cwic~Y© nq, hLb GB m¤úÖwZKvi NUbv‡K ¯§iY Kwi Ñ hLb ¯§iY Kwi, †h `wi`ª wn›`yevjKw`M‡K we`¨v `v‡bi wbwg‡Ë bMi¯’ mKj †jvK D‡`¨vMx nBqv‡Qb| Ab¨ RvwZ g‡a¨ hwÌ G AwZ mvgvb¨ Kvh©¨, wKš‘ fviZel© civaxb nB‡j G †`kxq †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ GgZ ïfm~PK NUbv K`vwc nq

bvB Ñ GgZ HK¨ K`vwc e× nq bvB Ñ Ges GB Dcj‡¶ mfv‡Z †h mgv‡ivn nBqvwQj G‡`‡ki †Kvb mvaviY g½jRbK K‡¤§© G cÖKvi eû e¨w³ GK ¯’v‡b GKKv‡j K`vwc GKÎ nq bvB| †h ¯’v‡b `k Rb‡K GKÎ †`wL †mB ¯’v‡bB GB fvwe wn›`y wnZv_x© we`¨vj‡qi DbœwZ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kwi‡Z cÖxwZ nq, †h‡nZz mKj g½‡ji AvKi †h Ávb †Kej ZvnvB †h Bnvi Øviv we¯—xY© nBevi m¤¢vebv GgZ b‡n, GB

NUbv‡Z fviZe‡l©i †mŠfvM¨ wè‡mi ElvKvj cÖvß †`wL‡ZwQ| Abyrmvn, Avjm¨, Aby`&‡hvM cÖf…wZ †h Avgviw`‡Mi Acev` Zvnv †gvP‡bi Dcµg †`wL‡ZwQ, Ges †h H‡Kï Afve cÖhy³ I †`‡ki mKj ïf K‡¤§©i m~Pbv wedj nBqv‡Q, G wel‡q †mB HK¨ ms¯’vc‡bi m¤¢vebv †`wLqv Avbw›`Z nB‡ZwQ| abx, `wi`ª, weØvb& AÁ, e„× evjK, eªvþ †cŠËwjK mKj cÖKvi wfbœ eY©¯’, wfbœ gZ¯’, wfbœ a¤§©vej¤x^ e¨w³ G wel‡q GKÎ nBqv‡Qb| GB HK¨ ms¯’vqx nB‡j †Kvb& `ytL †gvPb bv nB‡Z cv‡i? HK¨ Øviv KZ Mfxi AiY¨ Dw”Qbœ nBqv‡Q, ivR¨ mKj ¯’vwcZ nBqv‡Q, bMi mg~n wbw¤§©Z nBqv‡Q, Ges mf¨Zvi Av‡jvK cÖ`xß nBqv‡Q| GB HK¨ ms¯’vqx nB‡j Avgiv †Kej GK cvVkvjv cÖwZôv KwiqvB wK Z…ß _vwKe? Ñ Avgviw`‡Mi Avkv KZ `xN© nB‡Z‡Q Ñ Avgviw`‡Mi fimv KZ e„w× nB‡Z‡Q| GB HK¨ Øviv Drmv‡ni †mªvZ cÖej nB‡j hZ cÖKvi g½j GB¶‡Y Avgviw`‡Mi g‡b RvMÖZ iwnqv‡Q, mKj mdj Kwievi mvg_©¨ nB‡e| G †`‡ki ivRwbqg hvnv‡Z DrK…ó nq, Ab¨vq Ki ¯’vcb LwÊZ nq, kvwš— i¶vi myk„•Ljv nq,

Avgiv KZ Kvj Av‡¶c Kwi‡ZwQ, †h G †`kxq †jvK BZi Rš‘i b¨vq Avnvi wenvivw` AjxK Av‡gv`‡KB Rxe‡bi g~jvavi Kvh©¨ †eva K‡ib, G cÖhy³ wKwÂr Kv‡ji Hw›`ªq my‡Li wbwg‡Ë ivwk ivwk ab mgc©Y K‡ib;

wKš‘ Bnv Zuvnviv we‡ePbv K‡ib bv †h, RM`xk¦i wK wbwg‡Ë Zuvnviw`M‡K BZi cï A‡c¶v †kªô Kwiqv eyw×i mwnZ f~wlZ Kwiqv‡Qb? Zuvnvi

wbqgvbymv‡i Dchy³ iƒ‡c ¶zzav kvwš— bv Kwi‡j †h cÖKvi kix‡ii my¯’Zv f½ nq, Dchy³iƒ‡c eyw×i Av‡jvPbv bv Kwi‡j †mBiƒc g~L©Zv I K`vPvi iƒc gvbwmK †ivM Dcw¯’Z nq, GB mZ¨‡K AÁvZ nBqv Zuvnviv Áv‡bi

Ae‡njv meŸ©`v Kwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Qb|

gy³v‡š^lv

55

wePvi Kvh©¨ mym¤úbœ nq, K…wlKv‡h©ï e„w× nq, wkí K‡¤§©i DbœwZ nq, evwY‡Rï we¯—vi nq, Ges hvnv‡Z G †`k¯’ †jv‡Ki myL ¯^”Q›`Zv mg¨K& cÖKv‡i e„w× nq Zvnv GB HK¨ Øviv mym¤úbœ Kwi‡Z †Póvevb& nB‡Z cvwie| GB¶‡Y fimvi mwnZ †mB my‡Li wèm‡K cÖZx¶v Kwi‡ZwQ hLb fviZme©¯’ †jvK Avcbviw`‡Mi eyw× I ¶gZv Øviv mgy`ª‡cvZ wb¤§©vY Kwi‡eK, †mZz iPbv Kwi‡eK, ev®úhš¿ cÖ¯‘Z Kwi‡eK, Ges ¯^‡`‡kvrcbœ `ªe¨ Øviv ¯^‡`‡k bvbv cÖKvi wkí Kv‡h©ï DbœwZ Kwi‡eK| wKš‘ GB¶‡Y †h GB mKj g½‡ji wPý †`wL‡ZwQ, Ges fwel¨r g½‡ji cÖZ¨vkv‡Z cyjwKZ nB‡ZwQ, Bnvi g~j †Kv_vq? b`xi †mªvZ wmœ» nBqv Zvnvi DrcwË¯’vb A‡š¦lY Kwi‡j †h cÖKvi ceŸ©ZwkL‡ii cÖwZ `„wó nq, evqycÖev‡n †mŠM‡Üi NÖvY cÖvß nBqv Zvnvi AvKi A‡š^lY Kwi‡j †h cÖKvi g‡bvni cy‡®úv`¨v‡bi ¯§iY nq, Z`ªƒc GB eË©gvb Áv‡bi e„w× I Zrdj †mŠfv‡Mï Dcµg Av‡jvPbv Kwiqv †mB cig wn‰Zwli bvg I †mB cig `qvjy e¨w³i PwiÎ ¯§iY nB‡Z‡Q, huvnvi DcKvi Øviv G †`k c~Y© iwnqv‡Q, huvnvi `qv‡K ü`q½g Kwiqv fviZe‡l©i †jvK K…ZÁZv i‡m Av`ª© iwnqv‡Qb, huvnvi bvg‡K ¯’vwq Kwievi Rb¨ GB mv¤^rmwiK mfv cÖwZwôZ nBqv‡Q, Ges huvnvi ¸Yvbyev` Kwievi Rb¨ Avgiv A`¨ GB AÆvwjKv‡Z GKÎ nBqvwQ Ñ GB gnvZ¥vi bvg kªxhy³ †WweW †nqvi mv‡ne| Zuvnvi GB mZ¨ Ávb wQj, †h c‡ii DcKvi Rb¨ Zuvnvi Rb¥, Ges c‡ii DcKvi Zuvnvi Rxe‡bi mgy`q Kvh©¨; Ges kixi, eyw×, m¤úwË mgy`q wZwb c‡ii wn‡Zi Rb¨ mgc©Y KwiqvwQ‡jb| wZwb ¯^‡`k nB‡Z fviZel©‡K wfbœ Rvwb‡Zb bv| GB m‡Zï cÖwZ Zuvnvi `„p cÖZ¨q wQj, †h c„w_ex Zuvnvi Rb¥f~wg, Ges mgy`q gbyl¨ Zuvnvi cwievi| we‡klZt Zuvnvi PwiÎ ZLb we‡kl iƒ‡c ü`q½g nh, hLb G †`‡ki we`¨v DbœwZi cÖwZ `„wócvZ Kiv hvq| wKqr ermi c~‡eŸ© G‡`k AÁvb wZwg‡i Av”Qbœ wQj| wKš‘ wZwb G `yie¯’v mn¨ Kwi‡Z bv cvwiqv GB AÜKvigq fviZel©‡K Ávbv‡jv‡K D¾¡j Kwi‡Z hZœevb& nB‡jb, Ges †jv‡Ki Øv‡i Øv‡i ågY Kwiqv Zuvnvi cÖwZÁvZ Kvh©¨ A‡bK fv‡M m¤úbœ KwiqvwQ‡jb| GB g‡nvcKvi mvab Rb¨ wZwb kvixwiK †K¬k, gvbwmK cwikªg, A‡_©i e¨q BZ¨vw` †Kvb& cÖKv‡i hZœ bv KwiqvwQ‡jb? GB¶‡Y Avgiv †h wKQz Ávb Dcv¾©b Kwi‡ZwQ, †m †Kej ZuvnviB cÖmv`vr| Zuvnvi cÖmv`vr Avgiv m„wói wbqg mKj

ÁvZ nB‡ZwQ, Zuvnvi cÖmv`vr m~h©¨ b¶Îvwì ¯^fve Rvwb‡ZwQ, Zuvnvi cÖmv`vr MÖn P›`ª a~g‡KZzi `~i, cwigvY, Ges MwZwewa mKj wk¶v Kwi‡ZwQ, Zuvnvi cÖmv`vr c„w_ex¯’ ¯^‡`k we‡`kvw` mg~n ¯’v‡bi e„Ëvš— Av‡jvPbv Kwi‡ZwQ, Zuvnvi cÖmv`vr Avgiv Avcbviw`‡Mi kix‡ii wbqg, g‡bi ¯^fve, bxwZÁvb cÖf…wZ bvbv we`¨v jvf Kwi‡ZwQ, AwaK wK Kwne, Zuvnvi cÖmv`vr Avgiv GK b~Zb cÖKvi Ávbf~wg‡Z Av‡ivnY KwiqvwQ| fviZe‡l©i gnr we`¨vjq †h wn›`y K‡jR, Zvnv ¯’vc‡bi g~jvavi KviY †Kvb& e¨w³? Ñ mK‡jB Aek¨ e¨³ Kwi‡eb †h kªxhy³ †WweW †nqvi mv‡ne| e½fvlv‡K DbœZ Kwievi Rb¨ cÖ_g hZœevb& †Kvb& gbyl¨? Ñ †WweW †nqvi mv‡ne| Dc‡`k Øviv wPwKrmv we`¨v we¯—vi Rb¨ g‡nvrmvnx †Kvb& cyi“l? Ñ †WweW †nqvi mv‡ne| A‡kl g½‡ji KviY †h gy`ªvhš¿ Zvnvi ¯^vaxbZv ¯’vc‡b we‡kl D‡`¨vMx †Kvb& gnvZ¥v Ñ †WweW †nqvi mv‡ne| GB iƒ‡c G‡`‡ki Ávb e„w×i KviY mÜvb Rb¨ †h cÖkœ Kiv hvq, †mB cÖ‡kœi DË‡iB fviZiv‡Rï we`¨v iƒc e„¶g~‡j †nqvi mv‡ne‡K exR iƒ‡c `„wó Kiv hvq| wZwb Avgviw`M‡K nxiK †`b bvB, ¯^Y© †`b bvB, iRZI `vb K‡ib bvB, wKš‘ Zvnvi A‡cÿv mnmª ¸Y Ñ †KvwU ¸Y g~jëvb& we`¨viZœ cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Qb| Zuvnvi †Póv Øviv Avgiv Áv‡bi Av¯^v` cÖvß nBqvwQ, Ges Zuvnvi Pwi‡Îi `„óvš— Øviv `qv I mZ¨ eënvi †h wK g‡nvcKvwi, Zvnv c~Y© iƒ‡c ü`q½g KwiqvwQ| cxwo‡Zi †ivM kvwš—, wec`&MÖ‡¯—i `ytL †gvPb, AweÁ‡K civgk© `vb, wbivkªq‡K Avkªq cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` wnZKvh©¨ Zuvnvi Pwi‡Îi f~lY wQj| Zuvnvi ¯’vwcZ we`¨vj‡qi Qv‡Îiv Zuvnvi Øviv †Kej we`¨vi‡Zœi AwaKvix n‡qb bvB, Zuvnvi †mœn I cÖxwZ Øviv meŸ©`v jvwjZ nBqvwQ‡jb| Avnv, Zuvnvi g‡bi fve‡K wPš—v Kwi‡j wP‡Ë wK Avb‡›ì D`q nq! hLb Avgviw`‡Mi DcKv‡i Zuvnvi cÖe„wË nBj, ZLb Zuvnvi wPË `qv‡Z wK cwic~Y© nBqvwQj| hLb wZwb mKj cÖwZeÜK †gvPb Kwiqv Zuvnvi gvbm mdj nBevi Dcµg †`wL‡jb, ZLb wK Avðh©¨ g‡bvni m‡š—vl Zuvnvi Aš—tKi‡Y ¯úk© KwiqvwQj! hLb Zuvnvi evmbve¶ h‡_ó iƒ‡c djevb& nBj, ZLb wZwb Avcbv‡K K…Zv_© Rvwbqv wK gnvb‡›` gMœ nBqvwQ‡jb! whwb mKj ¯^v_© cwiZ¨vM c~eŸ©K †Kej Avgviw`‡MiB DcKvi Kwiqv GgZ Avn¬vw`Z nBqvwQ‡jb, Zuvnvi wbwg‡Ë wK cÖKv‡i K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Kwie! Ñ Zuvnvi wK cÖKvi abëv` Kwiqv Z…ß _vwKe!1845

gy³v‡š^lv

56

Abyev`‡Ki K_vwnDg¨vwbRg ev gvbeZvev‡ì nvj-nwKKZ m¤ú‡K© †LvuR Lei iv‡Lb A_P †mKz¨jvi wnDg¨vwbRg m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb bv- Ggb †jvK eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡Z Kg cvIqv hv‡e| Avi †mKz¨jvi wnDg¨vwbR‡gi cÖm½ DV‡j eZ©gvb we‡k¦i RxweZ `vk©wbK‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg †mKz¨jvi wnDg¨vwbRg `vk©wbK avivi cÖe³v I cy‡ivav cj Kv‡R©i bvg Avm‡eB| ev‡d‡jvi Ô†÷U BDwbfvwm©wU Ae wbDBq‡K©Õi AemicÖvß Aa¨vcK cj KvR© A‡bK cwiP‡q cwiwPZ| mymsMVK, gbbkxj †jLK, evM¥x Ges mdj m¤úv`K| Zvui †jLv I m¤úvw`Z eB‡qi msL¨v cuqZvwjøk| Gi g‡a¨ mycwiwPZ K‡qKwU n‡”Q-Forbidden Truth, Transcendental Temptation, The courage to Become, The Fullness of Life. cj Kv‡R©i cÖeÜ I wiwfqyï msL¨v AvU‡kvi gZ| GQvov Zvui m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ nq The Free Inquiry, The Skeptical Inquirer hv AwZcÖvK…wZKZv (supernaturalism), AcweÁv‡bi (pseudoscience) wei“‡× c„w_exe¨vcx nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl‡K m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjvi †¶‡Î wKse`š—xZzj¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q| cj KvR© cÖwZwôZ msMVbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q- The Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), Council

for Secular Humanism (CSH) Ges The Centre for Inquiry (CFI) International.-Gi evB‡i American Association for Advancement of Science- Gi GKRb m¤§vwbZ †d‡jv wZwb Ges International Academy Humanism- Gi wnDg¨vwb÷ jwi‡qU I †cÖwm‡W›U| Av‡gwiKv I Gi evB‡i eû Avš—R©vwZK wgwWqv I msev`cÎ GKvwaKevi cj Kv‡R©i †jLv I mv¶vrKvi †Q‡c‡Q| †hgb, wbDBqK© UvBgm, Iqvj w÷ªU Rvb©vj, jm G‡Äjm UvBgm, IqvwksUb †cv÷, UvBg g¨vMvwRb, wbDRDBK, U‡iv‡›Uv ÷vi, cªvf`v, UvBgm Ae BwÛqv, wmGbGb, IcÖv DBb‡d«, j¨vwi wKs jvBf,, wmweGm, GBPweI, Gwewm, wewewm Ges eªvwRwjqvb, †Kvwiqvb, divmx, ivwkqvb, Rvg©vb wUwfmn eû MYgva¨g| GUv Avgvi Rb¨ AZ¨š— Avb‡›ì e¨vcvi †h, 2001 mvj †_‡K AvR Aewa GB gnvb gvbylwUi mv‡_ GKvwaKevi e¨w³MZfv‡e AvjvcPvwiZvi my‡hvM Avgvi n‡q‡Q| K‡qKevi AZ¨š— KvQ †_‡K Zvui e³eÏ ky‡bwQ| Avwk-E×© GKRb e¨w³i g‡a¨ GKB mv‡_ ZviyY¨, bgªZv I ÁvbPP©vi †h gnvwgjb n‡Z cv‡i cj Kv‡R©i mv‡_ K_v bv ej‡j Zv nqZ Avgvi †Kvbw`b wek¦vm nZ bv|

cvVK‡ì Rb¨ Avwg †h eBwUi Abyev` (wmwiR AvKv‡i) Ki‡Z hvw”Q †mwUi g~j Bs‡iwR UvB‡Uj

weKí cÖZ¨qbvgvAvb›`gq Ges

m„Rbkxj Rxe‡bi `k©b

g~j: cj KvR©Abyev`: Rv‡n` Avng`

gy³v‡š^lv

57

n‡”Q: Affirmations: Joyful and Creative Exuberance. GwU 2004 mv‡j †jLv nq| eBwUi aib m¤ú‡K© Gi f~wgKv‡Z †jL‡Ki wbR¯^ e³e¨ †_‡KB Rvbv hv‡e| ïay GUzKz e‡j ivwL, B‡Zvg‡a¨ eBwU c„w_exi eû fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvfvlx cvVK-cvwVKv‡ì Kv‡Q cj Kv‡R©i wPš—v-†PZbvi mvejxjZv, ¯^”QZv I cÖvmw½KZv Zz‡j ai‡ZB gy³v‡š^lvi c¶ †_‡K eBwU Abyev‡ì c`‡¶c †bqv nj| Gi mdjZv-wedjZv wba©vi‡Yi fvi cvVK-cvwVKv‡ì nv‡Z iBj, Z‡e †KD cÖwZwµqv (fvj ev g›`) Rvbv‡j Lye Lykx ne|me‡k‡l eBwU Abyev‡ì AbygwZ †`qvi Rb¨ Ges G Kv‡R Drmvn †hvMv‡bvi Rb¨ cj Kv‡R©i Nwbô mn‡hvMx, Avgvi `xN©w`‡bi eÜz W. Aw÷b †Wwm‡K Avš—wiK abëv`| mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv|]

f~wgKv

GB ¶zz`ª cyw¯—KvwUi wfwËg~j n‡”Q †ek wKQz gvbeZvev`x cÖZ¨q, eupraxsoph, hvi gv‡b-DËg, ev¯—ewfwËK Dc‡`kgvjv| G¸‡jv mnRvZ, †mKz¨jvi Ges bZzb gvbeZvev`x a¨vb-aviYvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| Gi wKQz cÖeÜ Avgvi c~‡e©Kvi wewfbœ †jLv †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q, wKQz cybwj©Lb Ges cybg©vR©b Gi dj| wKQz wKQz m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c bZzb| cvVK-cvwVKv‡ì nv‡Z Mfxi fv‡jvevmv Ges Avš—wiKZvi mv‡_ †jLvwU Avwg GB Avkvq Zz‡j w`w”Q †h, ÔbZzb Av‡jvKm¤úv‡ZiÕ (New Enlightenment) mÜvbiZ mvnmx Ges wRÁvmy gvbyl‡ì G¸‡jv AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡e, hwÌ G¸‡jv êÁvwbK hyw³ev` Ges ˆbwZKZvi gvcKvwV‡Z iwPZ, Avgvi wek¦vm, GB Dc‡`kgvjvq gvbeRvwZi Ae¯’v Ges Avgv‡ì mK‡ji Avevm¯’j awiÎxi cÖwZ Mfxi Abyf~wZ Ges mngwg©Zvi †Quvqv cvIqv hv‡e| G¸‡jv‡Z GB `„p wek¦vmwU dz‡U DV‡e †h, cÖwZwU gvby‡liB i‡q‡Q Avb›`Nb Ges m„Rbkxj Rxebhvc‡bi wKQz bv wKQz ¶gZv|

GK: gvbeZvev‡ì cÖZ¨qbvgvgnvwek¦ m¤ú‡K© Ávb AvniY Ges gvbeRvwZi mgm¨vi mgvavbK‡í gvbeZvev`xiv hyw³ Ges weÁv‡bi cÖ‡qv‡M Av¯’vkxj|

· Avgiv awiÎx‡K i¶v Ges mg„× Ki‡Z PvB| fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ c„w_ex‡K msi¶Y

Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖRvwZi Ici AcÖ‡qvRbxq †fvMvwš— Gwo‡q Pj‡Z PvB|

· Avgiv ag©, eY©, esk, wj½, RvZxqZv, e¨w³MZ wek¦vm-Awek¦vm, †kªYx wKsev †hŠb cQ›`-AcQ›` BZ¨vw` wefvRbwfwËK msKxY© `„wófw½i evB‡i G‡m gvbeRvwZi mvgwMÖK Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ K‡Vvifv‡e mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq wek¦vmx|

· Avgiv gy³ Ges eûgyLx mgvReë¯’vq wek¦vmx| AviI wek¦vm Kwi, KZ©„Z¡civqY AwfRvZ Ges AZ¨vPvix msL¨vMwi‡ôi nvZ †_‡K gvbevwaKvi i¶vq MYZš¿ n‡”Q m‡e©vËg wbðqZv|

· Avgiv ˆbwZK DrK‡l©i Abykxj‡b wek¦vmx|· Avgiv mvgwMÖK ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡a wek¦vm

†cvlY Kwi †hgb: ciwnZmvab, b¨vqcivqYZv, mZZv, mZëvw`Zv, mywePvi Ges `vwqZ¡vbyewZ©Zv| gvbeZvev`x bxwZgvjvmg~‡ni †¶‡Î †hŠw³K Ges w`Kwb‡`©kbvg~jK mgv‡jvPbvi Øvi me mgq Db¥y³| Av`k© gvcKvwVmg~n n‡”Q hv Avgiv GK‡Î Avwe®‹vi Kwi, Avi ˆbwZK Av`k©¸‡jv Zv‡ì djvd‡ji gva¨‡g Awfw¶Z Kiv|

· Avgv‡ì mš—vb-mš—wZ‡ì ˆbwZKZv wk¶vi wel‡q Avgiv Mfxifv‡e DwØMœ| Avgiv PvB, Zv‡ì gb‡b hyw³ I mngwg©Zvi ¯’vb †nvK|

· Avgiv g‡b Kwi, êÁvwbK Avwe®‹vi Ges cÖhyw³ gvbe Rxe‡bi Kj¨v‡Y Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i|

· gZcv_©K¨ Aemvb `~i Ges cvi¯úwiK †evSvcovi †¶‡Î Avgiv Av‡jvPbv I Avcm-gxgvsmvi Abykxj‡b wek¦vmx|

· mgv‡R b¨vqwePvi, mywePvi cÖwZôv Ges cigZ-AmwnòzZv, eY©‰elg¨ `~i Kivi j‡¶¨ Avgv‡ì KiYxq i‡q‡Q|

· ivóªeë¯’v †_‡K ag©‡K (religion) Avjv`v ivLvi bxwZi cÖwZ Avgiv A½xKvie×|

· mgv‡Ri myweavewÂZ gvbyl‡K Ges cÖwZeÜx †kªYx‡K mvnm Ges mg_©b †hvMv‡bvi cÖwZ Avgiv Av¯’vkxj hv‡Z Zuviv wb‡RivB wb‡R‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z m¶g nq|

· GB awiÎx‡Z evmKv‡j Avgiv Rxeb‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z PvB Ges me

gy³v‡š^lv

58

gvby‡li m„Rbkxj †gavi c~Y©v½ weKv‡k Avgiv Av¯’vkxj|· gvby‡li e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZvi (privacy)

AwaKvi‡K Avgiv m¤§v‡bi †Pv‡L †`wL| cÖvß eq¯‹ bi-bvix‡ì AvKv•¶v c~iY, †hŠb cQ›`-AcQ›`, cÖRb‡bi †¶‡Î ¯^vaxbZvi Abykxjb, ¯^v¯’¨wewa m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© Ávbjvf Ges gh©v`vi mv‡_ g„ZzëiY Kivi mK‡ji AwaKvi _vKv DwPZ|

· Avgiv wkí I myKzgvi e„wË Øviv hZUzKz wbqwš¿Z, weÁvb Øviv †Kvb As‡k Zvi Kg bB|

· Avgiv gnvwe‡k¦i bvMwiK Ges fwel¨‡Z gnvwe‡k¦ bZzb bZzb Avwe®‹v‡ii m¤¢vebv‡Z D‡ØwjZ|

· cix¶v Øviv cÖgvwYZ bq-Ggb me `vwe, ZË¡ m¤ú‡K© Avgiv mw›`nvb| Avgiv †h †Kvb bZzb aviYv‡K †Lvjv g‡b MÖnY Ki‡Z Ges

Zzb m‡Zï Av‡jv‡K Avgv‡ì Ávb‡K †X‡j mvRv‡Z m`v cÖ¯‘Z|

· Avgiv gvbeZvev`‡K nZvkvev`x ag©xq gZev` Ges cÖwZwnsmvg~jK Av`‡k©i

ev¯—ewfwËK weKí Ges e¨w³MZ Pig DrKl© I gvbe‡mev Øviv cÖK…Z Z„wß jv‡fi Drm e‡j g‡b Kwi|

· Avgiv Avkvev`x, ˆbivkëv‡` Av¯’vkxj bB| Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi-nZvkvi e`‡j Avkv, †Muvovwgi ¯’‡j wk¶v I Ávb AvniY, AÁZvi ¯’‡j mZ¨Zv, cvc ev Aciva‡ev‡ai ¯’‡j Avb›`, fxwZi e`‡j mwnòzZv, N„Yvi e`‡j fvjevmv, ¯^v_©ciZvi ¯’‡j mngwg©Zv, Amy›`‡ii ¯’‡j my›ì Ges AÜ ev A‡hŠw³K wek¦v‡mi ¯’‡j hyw³i cÖ‡qv‡M|

· gvbyl wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì m‡e©v”P Ges m‡e©vËg †hvM¨Zvi c~Y© Dcjwä‡Z Avgiv Av¯’vkxj| (Pj‡e)

Rv‡n` Avn‡g`†Kv-gWv‡iUi, m¤úv`KÊjxi m`m¨gy³gbv AbjvBb †dvivgwbDBqK©wW‡m¤î 02, 2006

g~j cy¯—K: Affirmations:Joyful and Creative Exuberance (Revised Edition)-Paul Kurtz, Prometheus Books, New York, 2004.

cvnvo, AiY¨, SY©v avivi wbt¯^M© f~wg cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †eov‡Z wM‡q gy» bv n‡q Dcvq †bB| KvßvB †jK, PvKgv ivRevwo, myej‡Oi RjcÖcvZ, AvKvk †Quvqv

wP¤^yK cvnvo, Qwei †P‡qI my›ì wejvBQwoi RMœvQovi wbg©j cvnvwo MÖvg, AvjywUjv ev †nZgy‡ovi cvnv‡oi ˆb¯^wM©K `„k¨ gy» bv K‡i Qv‡o bv| wcÖq cvVK, Avi hviv Av‡iKUz AbymwÜrmy n‡eb, Zviv †`L‡eb Ab¨ GK †e`bv weayi cvnvo ..... ïb‡eb PvKgv †jvK Mv‡b ejv cvnvox gvby‡li eÂbvi K_v| ZLb nq‡Zv †PvL eyR‡jB AvKvk mgvb meyR cvnv‡oi P‚ovq †`Lv hv‡e Kvj‡P †Qvc †Qvc gvby‡li i³wPý| Mnxb Ai‡Yï Mfx‡i nq‡Zv Kvb †c‡Z ïb‡j K‡e †Kv_vI wb¯—äZv †f‡O Lvb Lvb n‡q hvIqv †gwkbMv‡bi cÖwZaŸwbZ ¸wji AvIqvR...fqvZ© gvby‡li AvZ©bv` cvMjcÖvq K‡i †dj‡e Avcbv‡K| Kuv‡Pi g‡Zv ¯^”Q KvßvB n«‡ì cvwb cvb Ki‡Z wM‡q nq‡Zv †jvbv †VK‡e Gi ¯^v`...g‡b n‡ZB cv‡i GB cvwbi Drm KY©dzwj b`x bq...`ytLx cvnvoxi †Pv‡Li †jvbv AkÖ“‡Z m„wó GB K…wÎg n«`| Avcbvi g‡b c‡o †h‡Z cv‡i nvwi‡q hvIqv `yM©g evNvBQwoi cvnvox †g‡q Kíbv PvKgvi K_v| 1

MZ GK `k‡KiI †ewk mgq a‡i cvnv‡o, e‡b-ev`v‡o Ny‡i Z_¨ msev` msMÖn Kivi myev‡` cve©Z¨vÂj wel‡q mgZ‡ji gvby‡li A‡bK †KŠZ~nwj cÖ‡kœi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡q‡Q, AwaKvskB cÖkœ ïay gvÎ Kíbv PvKgv‡KB wb‡q| cÖkœ¸‡jv A‡bKUv GiKg:

Av”Qv Kíbv PvKg‡K AcniY K‡i‡Q Kviv

(1996 mv‡ji 12 Ryb) ? ejv n‡q _v‡K cvnvox‡ì mv‡eK †Mwijv MÖ“c kvwš— evwnbxB bvwK Zv‡K AcniY K‡i ivR‰bwZK dvq`v †bIqvi Rb¨ †mbvevwnbxi Ici †`vl Pvcv‡”Q|

†mbvevwnbxB ev Zv‡K AcniY Ki‡e †Kb? Zv‡ì jvf wK?

Kíbv GLb †Kv_vq? ejv n‡”Q wZwb bvwK GLb fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡R¨?

Gme cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e AwZ web‡qi m‡½ ms‡¶‡c hv ej‡Z †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv n‡”Q: ivOvgvwU, LvMovQwo I ev›ìevb Ñ GB wZb †Rjv wb‡q M‡o IVv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g kvwš—Pzw³ ¯^v¶‡ii Av‡M (1997 mv‡ji 2 wW‡m¤î) cÖvq `yÕ`kK a‡i i³¶qx e›`yK hy× n‡q‡Q †mbvevwnbxi m‡½ kvwš—evwnbxi| n‡q‡Q †jvcvs, bvb¨vPi, jsM`y, eiKj,

Kíbv PvKgv GLb

†Kv_vq?wece ingvb

wSwgZ wSwgZ Rywb R¡‡j,gy‡ovi †`Ri †èvi Z‡j Ñ

GB gy‡ov Rbg Avgvi, GB gy‡ov giY|GB gy‡ov Qvwo †c‡j Ñ bÕ euvwPe Rxeb

(GKwU PvKgv Mvb)

( wSKwgwK †RvbvKx R¡j‡Q,IB †`L Avgvi cvnv‡oi †`‡k,

GB cvnv‡oi †`‡k,GB cvnv‡oB Avgvi Rb¥g„Zz¨ Ñ

cvnvo †Q‡o †M‡j Avwg wK K‡i euvPe e‡jv? )

gvbyl gvby‡li Rb¨ ...

gy³v‡š^lv

60

wcÖq cvVK, Avi hviv Av‡iKUz AbymwÜrmy n‡eb, Zviv †`L‡eb Ab¨ GK †e`bv weayi cvnvo ..... ïb‡eb

PvKgv †jvK Mv‡b ejv cvnvox gvby‡li eÂbvi K_v| ZLb nq‡Zv †PvL

eyR‡jB AvKvk mgvb meyR cvnv‡oi P‚ovq †`Lv hv‡e Kvj‡P †Qvc †Qvc

gvby‡li i³wPý| Mnxb Ai‡Yï Mfx‡i nq‡Zv Kvb †c‡Z ïb‡j K‡e †Kv_vI wb¯—äZv †f‡O Lvb Lvb n‡q hvIqv

†gwkbMv‡bi cÖwZaŸwbZ ¸wji AvIqvR...fqvZ© gvby‡li AvZ©bv` cvMjcÖvq K‡i †dj‡e Avcbv‡K| Kuv‡Pi g‡Zv ¯^”Q KvßvB n«‡ì cvwb cvb Ki‡Z wM‡q nq‡Zv †jvbv †VK‡e Gi ¯^v`...g‡b n‡ZB cv‡i GB cvwbi Drm KY©dzwj b`x bq...`ytLx cvnvoxi †Pv‡Li †jvbv AkÖ“‡Z m„wó GB K…wÎg n«`| Avcbvi g‡b c‡o †h‡Z cv‡i

nvwi‡q hvIqv `yM©g evNvBQwoi cvnvox †g‡q Kíbv PvKgvi K_v|

KvDLvwj, cvbQwo, w`wNbvjvmn Av‡iv A‡bK MYnZ¨vi ci MYnZ¨v, Acni‡Yi ci AcniY, al©Y Avi MYal©Y| MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg R¡‡j‡Q †jvfx gvby‡li †jwjnvb AwMœwkLvq| cÖvq 70 nvRvi cvnvox gvbyl‡K ïaygvÎ RxebUzKz m¤^j K‡i cÖvY euvPv‡Z Avkªq wb‡Z n‡q‡Q fvi‡Zi wÎcyivi kiYv_©x wkwe‡i| hv‡ì GK mgq wQj cvnv‡oi g‡Zv gy³ Rxeb, mvRv‡bv-¸Qv‡bv evwo-Ni, Rwg-wRivZ, †m¸b wK KuvVvj evMvb wQ‡jv hv‡ì, kiYv_©x wkwe‡i G‡m wNwÄ ew¯—N‡i evm Ki‡Z

n‡q‡Q G‡Kev‡i wfwLwii g‡Zv `xN© GK hyM| mvgvb¨ †ik‡bi Rb¨ nvZ cvZ‡Z n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì| gvbyl g‡i‡Q ¸wj‡Z, kiYv_©x wkwe‡iÑG‡Kev‡i Suv‡K Suv‡K| GKgy‡Vv Pv‡ji †P‡qI ZLb eywS m¯—v wQj gvby‡li Rxeb|

Ggb hy×we×¯— `yÕ`k‡Ki Aw¯’i AwbwðZ cvnv‡o Kíbv PvKgvi Av‡iv K‡Zv mnhvÎx wb‡LuvR n‡q‡Q, nvwi‡q †M‡Q K‡Zv kZ nvRvi Kíbv PvKgv, wb‡LuvR n‡q‡Q K‡Zv Kíbvi gv, wK evev, fvB, eÜz ev ¯^Rb| †KD Lei iv‡Lwb Gme wb‡LuvR msev‡ì| nq‡Zv Kíbv PvKgv wnj DB‡gÝ †dWv‡ik‡bi mfv‡bÎx wQ‡jb e‡j GZ nBPB nq| kvwš—Pzw³ ¯^v¶‡ii wKQzw`b Av‡MB GB Acni‡Yi NUbv N‡U e‡j Zv‡K wb‡q cÎ-cwÎKvq nq we¯—i †jLv‡jwL nq| Zv‡K D×v‡ii `vwe‡Z GKB m‡½ cvnv‡o I mgZ‡j MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o D‡VwQj Ñ GwUI Gi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| Avi be¨ B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb GbwRI¸‡jvi gvbevwaKvi Z_v Avwèvmx Bmy¨‡Z `vZv‡Mvôxi KvQ †_‡K we‡`kx gy`ªv nvwZ‡q †bIqvi evwYwR¨K ¯^v‡_© Zzgyj wPrKvi †Zv wQjB|

Kíbv PvKgv AcüZ nIqvi wKQzw`b ci (m¤¢eZt †mUv 1996 mv‡ji Ry‡bi †k‡l A_ev RyjvB‡qi ïi“‡Z) †ckvMZ Kvi‡Y iv½vgvwUi evNvBQwoi wbD jvBbœv‡Nvbv MÖv‡g Kíbv‡ì evwo‡Z †h‡Z nq| Kíbv PvKgv‡K D×v‡ii `vex‡Z Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z wM‡q GLvbKvi cvnvox QvÎ cwil‡ì †h PviRb Zi“Y QvÎKg©x cÖvY w`‡qwQ‡jb, iƒcKvix MÖv‡gi ¯‹zj gv‡V †mw`b Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv Zv‡ì ¯§iYmfv|

†kl we‡K‡ji coš— †iv‡` †QvÆ GKUv ¯‹zj gv‡V A‡bK `~i`~ivš— †_‡K nZ`wi`ª cvnvox bvix-cyiæl †QvU‡QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q, GgbwK A‡bK ey‡oveywoI cvnvo R½j †f‡O G‡mwQ‡jb †mB ¯§iYmfvq| cy‡iv ¯‹zj gvV Kvbvq Kvbvq c~Y©| PvKgviv QvovI gvigv I wÎcyiv fvlx cvnvoxiv wQ‡jb †mLv‡b| GwUB †`Lv cvnvox RbZvi cÖ_g mgv‡ek bq| Z‡e GwUB †evanq GL‡bv †`Lv me‡P‡q †e`bvZ© gvby‡li cv_i Pvcv Kvbœvi mgv‡ek|Kíbv PvKgv‡K wb‡q iƒcvjx cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi mvgvb¨ GK wk¶K eªþKzgvi (jvjdv) PvKgv †Lvjv Mjvq MvB‡jb Mvb| cy‡iv mgv‡e‡k I‡V kãnxb Kvbœvi †ivj| cvnvox QvÎ cwil‡ì wecex †bZv-†bÎxivI

gy³v‡š^lv

61

1 Kíbv PvKgv: 1996 mvj †_‡K wb‡LuvR bvix AwaKvi Kg©x| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnox bvix- cyi“‡li AwaKvi Av`v‡qi wQ‡jb GK msMÖvgx Kg©x| †m mgq Kíbv wQj Ôwnj DB‡gÝ †dWv‡ik‡bi mfv‡bÎxÕ|

2 wece ingvb, †ckvq mvsevw`K| †`‡ki cÖ_g AbjvBb ˆ`wbK wewWwbDR Uz‡qw›U‡dvi WUK‡g wmwbqi cÖwZ‡e`K wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Qb| cÖvq GK `kK Av‡Mi K_v wZwb GLv‡b wee„Z Ki‡j&I Gi cÖvmw½KZv nvwi‡q hvq wb| GLbI cvnvox gvbyl‡ì wRÁvmv ÔKíbv GLb †Kv_vq ?Õ Ñ Gi DËi †g‡jwb| †_‡g hvq wb cvnvox gvbyl‡ì Ici AZ¨vPvi-wbcxob, nZ¨v, jyÉb, Avi al©Y|

e³e¨ w`‡Z wM‡q evi evi K_vi †LB nvwi‡q †d‡jb, Mjv a‡i Av‡m Kvbœvq| gvB‡K hLb †kvbv nq e³‡eï cvjv c‡o‡Q Gevi XvKv †_‡K Avmv mvsevw`‡Ki, ZLb Svcmv n‡q Avmv Pkgvi KuvP gy‡Q †Kv‡bv iK‡g Rvwb‡q †Ìqv nq †bwZevPK g‡bvfve|

IB ¯§iYmfv †k‡l PviRb knx` ¯§i‡Y ¯‹zj gv‡Vi gv_vq cÖwZôv Kiv nq PviwU ¯§„wZi wgbvi|Av‡iv c‡i Kíbv PvKgvi evwo hvIqvi c‡_ cvnvox eÜzivmn GK †eŠ× gw›`‡i (wKqvs) ¶wYK wekªv‡gi mgq K_v nq AwZ e„× GK mbœvmxi m‡½| mvay gv bv‡gB wZwb †mLv‡b cwiwPZ, K_v e‡jb ¶xY K‡É fvOv fvOv evsjvq, Zvi PvKgv D”Pvi‡YI dz‡U I‡V Avw` PvKgv fvlvi †evj| wZwbI Rv‡bb Kíbvi Acni‡Yi K_v| Z‡e fzj K‡i wZwb †f‡ewQ‡jb, Giv †evanq Kíbvi D×viKvix `j| Ki‡Rv‡o Kcv‡j cÖYvg †VwK‡q e‡jb, †ZvgivB †evanq fMevb|Gici mÜ¨v †_‡K gvB‡ji ci gvBj cvnvo †f‡O wSi wSi e„wó‡Z wf‡R wcw”Qj `yM©g c_ a‡i mvgvb¨ U‡P©i Av‡jv a‡i c_Pjv| Ry‡Zv nv‡Z c¨v›U ¸wU‡q Kv`v gvLv wcw”Qj c_ a‡i nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z AvQvo †L‡Z †L‡Z Kíbv‡ì evwo †cuŠ‡Q hvIqv|

GK wPj‡Z D‡Vvb wN‡i †QvUv GKwU Kuy‡o Ni, Afv‡ei wPý me©Î cÖKU| NyUNy‡U AÜKv‡i n¨vwi‡Kb Avi UP© nv‡Z cy‡iv MÖvg †f‡O c‡i AvMZ evwnbx‡K †`L‡Z| K_v nq Kíbvi Ryg (cvnv‡o Xv‡j

we‡kl ai‡Yi Pvlvev`) Pvlx `yB fvB‡qi m‡½| ZL‡bv cy‡iv cwieviwUi AvZ¼ Kv‡Uwb| wbivcËvi Rb¨ e„× gv euvabx PvKgvmn Zv‡ì ivZ KvU‡Q A‡bï evwo‡Z| Zviv `yÕRb AbM©j eY©bv K‡ib wK fv‡e †jd‡U‡b›U †di‡`Š‡mi †bZ…‡Z¡ †cvlvKavix mš¿vmxiv

A‡¯¿i gy‡L Zz‡j wb‡q hvq †mw`b iv‡Z Zv‡ì Av`‡ii †QvU‡evb Kíbv‡K| GK fvB †ek wKQz`~i mš¿vmx‡ì AbymiY Ki‡j eªvk dvqvi K‡i Iiv| cÖvY euvPv‡Z KvPvjs b`x‡Z Suvwc‡q c‡i Rxeb i¶v

nq Zvi| wKš‘ Gici †mw`b †_‡K Avi †Kv‡bv mÜvb cvIqv hvqwb Zv‡ì †ev‡bi|

Kíbv‡ì evwoi DVv‡bB K_v nq bvbvb eqmx MÖv‡gi gvby‡li m‡½, GgbwK mv`v †cvlv‡Ki GKRb kvwš—evwnbxi K¨vWvi‡ì m‡½I| †mw`b Kíbvi gv euvaybx PvKgvi †`Lv †g‡jwb| Z‡e Av‡iv wKQzw`b c‡i e„×v gv evievi †PvL gyQ‡Z gyQ‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb, Zvi GKgvÎ †g‡q Acni‡Yi ci GB AcniY‡K wb‡q †nwjKÞvi-ivRbxwZi K_v|c‡i evNvBQwoi fvicÖvß cywjk Kg©KZ©v, ivOvgvwU cywjk mycvi, †mbv Kg©KZ©v, †Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki fvl¨mn ˆ`wbK AvR‡Ki KvM‡R Kíbv PvKgv Acni‡Yi Ic‡i †h K‡qKwU cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv, Gi GKwUi m~Pbv K_v wQ‡jv: i‡³i aviv †cQ‡b hvq bv!.... 2

gy³v‡š^lv

62

mviv‡`ke¨vcx GB `vwe D”PvwiZ n‡”Q| gyw³‡hv×v †_‡K mvaviY gvbyl AvR gv‡V †b‡g‡Q GB `vwe‡Z| gyw³hy‡×i mv‡eK †m±i KgvÛviv MVb K‡i‡Qb Ô †m±i KgvÛvim& †dvivg,Õ NvZK `vjvj wbg~©j KwgwU, `w¶Y Gwkq mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv we‡ivax †dvivg, mw¤§wjZ mvs¯‹…wZK †RvU, GBPAviwmweGg, cÖRb¥ GKvËi, evsjv‡`k gwnjv cwil`mn mykxj mgvR, mvsevw`K I eyw×Rxex‡ì cÖvq 30wU msMVb, hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii `vwe‡Z GKwU †hŠ_ †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q hvi mviK_v nj, MYnZ¨v, bvix al©Y, m¤úwË jyÉb, AwMœms‡hvM I gyw³hy‡×i wec‡¶ cvwK¯—vb evwnbxi mv‡_ hvivB A¯¿aviY K‡i‡Q ev Ab¨fv‡e mwµq mg_©b w`‡q‡Q Ñ GB me hy×vcivax‡ì Awej‡¤^ wePv‡ii KvVMvovq ùvo Kiv‡Z n‡e| MVb Ki‡Z n‡e GK ev GKvwaK UªvBey¨bvj Gi hy×vcivax‡ì wPwýZ Kivi j‡¶¨ GKwU Ôhy×vciva KwgkbÕ| cvwK¯—v‡bi c‡¶ mg_©b`vbKvix RvgvZxmn †gŠjev`x mv¤cÖ`vwqK kw³ Avgv‡ì gy³hy×‡K wb‡q evi evi nvwm-Zvgvmv K‡i‡Q, a„óZvi mv‡_ e‡j‡Q gyw³hy‡×i bv‡g gyw³‡hv×viv fvi‡Zi bvix‡ì m½myL jvf K‡i‡Q, KLbI e‡j‡Q Ñ gyw³hy× †Kv_vq, G‡Zv cvK-fviZ hy×; Avi AvR ej‡Q evsjv‡`‡k †Zv gyw³hy× e‡j wKQz nqwb, hv n‡q‡Q Zv nj ÔM„nhy×Õ GK c¶ cvwK¯—v‡bi Aw¯—Z¡ i¶vq j‡o‡Q, Ab¨ c¶ wew”QbœZvev`x‡ì c‡¶ hy× K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì GB

e³e¨B cÖgvY K‡i †h Zviv wQj cvwK¯—vbcš’x †Kbbv cvwK¯—v‡bi `„wó‡Z GKvË‡ii hy× M„nhy×B| GB mv¤úª`vwqK kw³ KLbI †kL gywRe KZ©„K ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv‡K êa e‡j g‡b K‡iwb Ges GLbI K‡i bv, Zviv ZvRDwÏ‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ 10 †g Zvwi‡L, 1971, †NvwlZ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i wb GLbI K‡i bv , †h miKvi mgMÖ gyw³hy×‡K mvd‡jï mv‡_ cwiPvjbv K‡iwQj| ïay ZvB bq, evsjv‡`k I gyw³hy× we‡ivax Giv ïay Av`k©MZfv‡e cvwK¯—vb‡K mg_©b †`q wb, kvw¯— KwgwU, ivRvKvi, Avjeì I Avj kvg&m cÖf„wZ mk¯¿ evwnbx MVb K‡i `Lj`vi cvwK¯—vwb evwnbxi mv‡_ gyw³hy‡×i wei“‡× hy× K‡i‡Q, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì I Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì Ges mvaviY gvbyl‡K nZ¨v I jvÃbv K‡i‡Q, bvix al©Y K‡i‡Q Ges cvwK¯—vwb †mbv m`m¨ I Awdmvi‡ì Kvgjxjv PwiZv‡_©i Rb¨ Avgv‡ì gv †evb‡ì Zv‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡q‡Q| GLv‡bB †kl bq GB Ackw³ hy‡×i †kl ch©v‡q mviv‡`‡k †`‡ki †kªô mš—vb‡ì nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|

GB †Mvwô gyw³hy× I gyw³‡hv×v‡ì cwinvm I †nq Kivi AccÖqv‡m MZ 26 Rvbyqvwi, 2008, MVb K‡i‡Q GKwU Z_vKw_Z gyw³‡hv×v‡ì msMVb, ÒRvZxq gyw³‡hv×v cwil`Ó bv‡g, hvi 2 nvRvi m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ 1550 RbB Rvgvqv‡Zi i“Kb| GB Z_vKw_Z gyw³‡hv×v msMVbwUi RvZxq m‡¤§jb MZ ïµevi 11 RyjvB Õ08 AbywôZ nq wW‡cvgv BwÄwbqvm© Bbw÷wUD‡Ui wgjbvqZ‡b| mgKv‡ji 12 RyjvB (2008) Zvwi‡Li wi‡cvU© †_‡K cvV‡Ki Rb¨ LvwbKUv Ask Zz‡j aiv nj:

Ògyw³‡hv×v‡ì bv‡g weZwK©Z msMVb ÔRvZxq gyw³‡hv×v cwil`Õ Rvgvqv‡Z BmjvgxiB gZv`wk©K msMVb| gyw³‡hv×v cwil‡ì 45 m`m¨ wewkó †K›`ªxq KwgwUmn G msMV‡bi cÖvq `yÕnvRvi cÖwZwbwai g‡a¨ †ò nvRvi Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi m`m¨ (i“Kb)| wbf©i‡hvM¨m~Î mgKvj‡K G Z_¨ Rvwb‡q‡Q| Rvgvqv‡Zi †K›`ªxq †bZviv Aek¨ GZw`b e‡j G‡m‡Qb, RvZxq gyw³‡hv×v cwil‡ì m‡½ Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv mswkóZv †bB| ÔRvZxq gyw&³‡hv×v cwil‡ìÕ gnvmwPe †gvnv¤§` BKevj ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb, Zviv Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi gZv`‡k©i

GKvË‡ii hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi PvBAwfwRr ivq

Avgv‡ì msMÖvg Pj‡eB ...

gy³v‡š^lv

63

Abymvix| kwbevi (12.07.08) mgKvj cÖwZ‡e`K‡K wZwb e‡jb, Ôgyw³‡hv×v cwil‡ì AwaKvsk m`m¨B Rvgvqv‡Zi i“Kb|Õ

GKvwaK m~Î wbwðZ K‡i‡Q, ïµevi ivRavbxi wW‡cvgv BwÄwbqvm© Bbw÷wUDU wgjbvqZ‡b AbywôZ gyw³‡hv×v cwil‡ì RvZxq m‡¤§j‡b 1 nvRvi 960 Rb cÖwZwbwa Ask †bb| Gi g‡a¨ 1 nvRvi 550 RbB wQ‡jb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx m`m¨| PjwZ eQ‡ii 26 Rvbyqvwi ÔRvZxq gyw&³‡hv×v cwil`Õ bv‡g G msMVbwUi AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cëb _vbvi mv‡eK Avgxi wmivRyj n‡Ki gvwjKvaxb feb 116/2, bqv cë‡b msMVbwUi †K›`ªxq Kvh©vjq| G eQ‡ii 25 Rvbyqvwi wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi m‡½ AbywôZ msjvc †k‡l Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx †m‡µUvix †Rbv‡ij Avjx Avnmvb †gvnv¤§` gyRvwn‡ì weZwK©Z e³e¨‡K †K›`ª K‡i G eQ‡ii ïi“‡Z hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii `vwe‡Z †m±i KgvÛvm© †dvivg †`ke¨vcx Av‡›`vjb ïi“ Ki‡j gyw³‡hv×v cwilÌ mwµq nq|

wKš‘ ¯^vaxbZvi c‡¶i kw³ G msMV‡bi Aw¯—Z¡ †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i wb| gyw³‡hv×v‡ì bv‡g Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi G ai‡bi msMVb cÖwZôvq gyw³‡hv×v‡ì g‡a¨ Zxeª cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q| gyw³hy‡×i DccÖavb †mbvcwZ Gqvi fvBm gvk©vj (Ae.) G †K L›`Kvi Rvgvqv‡Zi G D‡`¨vM‡K Amf¨Zv e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvgiv mf¨ †`‡k evm KiwQ| GLv‡b Gme Amf¨Zv Pj‡Z cv‡i bvÕ|Ó

GB weZwK©i gyw³‡hv×v cwil‡` jvwÃZ n‡q‡Qb Uv½vB‡ji exi gyw³‡hv×v †kL †gvnv¤§` Avjx Avgvb| GB Z_vKw_Z gyw³‡hv×v cwil‡ì m`m¨ wkwe‡ii K¨vWviiv Zv‡K †U‡b-wnuP‡o jvw_ gviv I kvixwiK wbh©vZb K‡iB ¶vš— nqwb, QÙ gyw³‡hv×vi Avov‡j _vKv Gme wkwei-RvgvZxi i“Kb cvlÊiv Zuv‡K cÖvq 3 N›Uv AvU‡K iv‡L wW‡cvgv BwÄwbqvm© Bbw÷wUD‡Ui GKwU N‡i| Zuvi Aciva wZwb †mLv‡b hy×vcivax RvgvZx‡ì wePv‡ii `vwe DÌvcb K‡iwQ‡jb| GZ wbh©vZ‡bi g‡aÏ gyw³hy‡×i GB exi †mbvbx Avgvb

gv_v bZ K‡i wb, e‡j‡Qb wZwb AvRxeb hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi †P‡q hv‡eb|

GB Uzwc-`vwoIqvjviv GKvË‡i wK K‡i‡Q Zv Avgiv Rvwb| Ôbviv‡q ZKweiÕ Kv‡ì †kvMvb wQj, Avi ÔRq evsjvÕ Kv‡ì †kvMvb wQj Zv AvR ¯‹z‡ji QvÎI Rv‡b| hy‡×i ci Uzwc `vwo jvwM‡q Ôbviv‡q ZKweiÕ aŸwb †Ìqv †Zv `~‡ii K_v, ¸nvq AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i KvUv‡Z n‡qwQj a‡g©i †jevmavix GBme ivRvKvi, Avj eì, Avj kvgm& Avi kvwš— KwgwUi exi cvKx mg_©K‡ì| AvR Zviv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì cÖKv‡k¨ jvw_ gvivi mvnm cvq| ZvivB AvR †m‡R‡Q gyw³hy‡×i mv”Pv ˆmwbK| Rxebvb‡›ì KweZvwU g‡b co‡Q Lye Ñ

GB RvgvZx msMVbwUi RvZxq m‡¤§j‡bi cÖavb AwZw_ wQ‡jb mv‡eK cÖavb wePvicwZ ˆmq` †R Avi †gv`vw”Qi †nv‡mb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb GB Aby&ôv‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡q wZwb Mwe©Z| Me©B e‡U| Avwg AviI wK¬ó †eva Kwi RvgvZ Av‡qvwRZ H m‡¤§j‡b KwZcq gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Dcw¯’wZ †`‡L| hy‡×i †kl j‡Mœ K‡b©j Zv‡ni gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvnZ n‡j 11bs †m±‡ii mvgwqKfv‡e `vwqZ¡cÖvß DBs KgvÛvi nvwg`yjvn Zv‡ì GKRb| wZwb m‡¤§j‡b RvgvZx‡ì mv‡_ myi wgwj‡q e‡j‡Qb, ÔKwZcq †m±i KgvÛvi Z_vKw_Z hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii `vwe Zz‡j RvwZ‡K weåvš— Ki‡Q|Õ Zv‡ì‡KB ewj åóvPvi gyw³‡hv×v|

cÖavb AwZw_ ˆmq` †R Avi †gv`vw”Qi †nv‡mb, åóvPvi gyw³‡hv×vmn H Abyôv‡b Dcw¯’Z Ab¨ mykxj mgv‡Ri bvgavix‡ì Avwg wa°vi RvbvB, cÖKvk KiwQ GKivk N„Yv| Avi Aš—i †_‡K kª×v RvbvB exi gyw³‡hv×v †kL †gvnv¤§` Avjx Avgvb‡K Ges GKB mv‡_ D”PviY KiwQ Avgv‡ì msMÖvg Pj‡eB, Òhy×vcivax‡ì wePvi PvB|Ó

A™¢yZ Avuavi GK G‡m‡Q G-c„w_ex‡Z AvR,hviv AÜ me‡P‡q †ewk AvR †Pv‡L †`‡L Zviv;hv‡ì ü`‡q †Kv‡bv †cÖg †bB Ñ cÖxwZ †bB Ñ Ki“Yvi Av‡jvob †bBc„w_ex APj AvR Zv‡ì mycivgk© Qvov|hv‡ì Mfxi Av¯’v Av‡Q Av‡Rv gvby‡li cÖwZ ...kKzb I †kqv‡ji Lv`¨ AvR Zv‡ì ü`q|

gy³v‡š^lv

64

kª×vÄwj[Dcgnv‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv wPš—vwe`, †PZbvwPš—‡b †mKÿjvwi÷ wkebvivqY ivq G eQ‡ii 26†k †deyªqvwi Zvwi‡L †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib| GB Abb¨ mvaviY gy³gbv gvbylwUi cÖwZ kª×v Rvwb‡q Avgiv `ywU cÖeÜ GLv‡b cÖKvk Kijvg| cÖ_gwU wj‡L‡Qb †KvjKvZvi mvsevw`K-mvwnwZ¨K k¼i ivq, Avi wØZxqwU wj‡L‡Qb cwðg e‡½i `w¶Y PweŸk ciMYv †Rjvi GKwU K‡j‡Ri RxeweÁv‡biAa¨vcK Ges †PZbv I bevbœ cwÎKvi mv‡_ hy³ kªx wbZ¨vb›` †Nvl| ]

[ msw¶ß RxebcÄxMZ wesk kZvãxi fviZxq wPšÍvRM‡Zi Ab¨Zg cÖwZf~ wQ‡jb Aa¨cK wkebvivqY ivq| GKvav‡i evOvwj eyw×e„wËK gb‡bi AwaKvix, wPšÍvwe`, wk¶vwe`, `vk©wbK I mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK wn‡m‡e wZwb wQ‡jb L¨vwZgvb| wQ‡jb wecevZ¥K gvbeZvev`x (Radical Humanist)| L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb gvK©mev`x wecex gvb‡e›`ª bv_ (Gg Gb)iv‡qi Ici wb‡g©vn Kg©iPbv wj‡L| Rb¥ : 20†k Rvbyqvix, 1921, †KvjKvZvqwcZv : Aa¨vcK D‡c›`ªbv_ we`¨vf~lY kv¯¿xgvZv : Kwe ivRKzgvix ivqweevn : we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb jxjv ivq‡K

4. we‡k¦i wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡q e³„Zv w`‡q‡Qb Ñ d«vÝ, Rvg©vbx, Aw÷ªqv, BZvjx, †b`vij¨vÛm, myBRvij¨vÛ I nv‡½ix5.wek¦fviZx wek¦we`¨vj‡q iex›`ªfe‡bi cwiPvjK 1981-1983

wewfbœ Kg©ZrciZv:1. fviZ miKv‡ii ms¯‹…wZ wefv‡Mi †d‡jv2. †i‡bmuv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui Kvh©Kix †m‡µUvix 1960-19693. 1981 mvj †_‡K wRÁvmv cwÎKvi cÖKvk, hvi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb wkebvivqY ivq

wPšÍvi we¯—…wZ:wkebvivqY ivq wQ‡jb wecevZ¥K gvbeZvev‡` wek¦vmx| gvb‡e›`ª bv_ ivq KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ Ô Radical Humanist Movement Õ Gi wQ‡jb Abymvix| Gg Gb iv‡qi ÔBeyond Communism Õ I Ô Basic principles of Radical Democracy Basic principles of Radical Democracy Õ cÖf„wZ iPbv wkebvivqY iv‡qi Ici Amxg cÖfve †d‡jwQj| GKB mv‡_ iex›`ªmvwn‡Zï GKRb AbyivMx mgv‡jvPK I iex›`ªbv‡_i gvbeZv‡ev‡a wQ‡jb DÏxß| †gŠgvwQZš¿ †jLvq iex›`ªbv‡_i iPbv †_‡K †c‡qwQ‡jb Aby‡cÖiYv|GLv‡b D‡jL¨, Gg Gb ivq cÖ_g Rxe‡b wQ‡jb wek¦ KwgDwbR‡gi GKRb cÖwZfvevb †bZv| †jwb‡bi mv‡_ wQj Zuvi ü`¨Zv| fviZxq KwgDwb÷ cvwU© MV‡b iv‡qi wQj GK ewjô f~wgKv| wKš‘ cieZ©xKv‡j, Zuvi Dcjwä N‡U †h, gbyl¨RvwZi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q GK ai‡bi gnZ¡‡eva I gvby‡li AšÍ‡i i‡q‡Q GK gy³wPšÍvi Abyf~wZ| GB †evaB nj cieZ©xKv‡ji ÔRadical Humanist Õ Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j `vk©wbK wfwË|

iPbvejxÔM N Roy Philosopher-Revolutionar, edited by Sibnarayan Ray, Calcutta, 1959 Õ†gŠgvwQZš¿mvwnZ¨ wPšÍv, 1956bvq‡Ki g„Zÿ, 1960¶‡qi w`‡KKwei wbe©vmb I Ab¨vb¨ fvebv, 1973¯^‡`k, ¯^Kvj, ¯^Rb, 1996Radicalism Gandhi, India and the World In quest of freedom A study on the life and works of M N Roy Between Renaissance and Revolution Selected Essays

wk¶v : †KvjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Bs‡iRx fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ mœvZK

wk¶KZv: 1. 1945 mv‡j †KvjKvZv wmwU K‡j‡R Bs‡iRx fvlv I mvwn‡Zï cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb| GLv‡b wZwb `xN© 15 eQi wk¶KZv K‡i‡Qb

2. †gj‡evb© wek¦we`¨vj‡q cÖvP¨we`¨v wefv‡Mi cÖavb 1963-19813. cÖ`k©K Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb: †mvqvm (SOAS),

wkKv‡Mv wek¦we`¨vjq

A New Renaissance Bengal Renaissance The University of Man : Message of Romain Rolland Vietnam Seen from East and West In man’s own Image I have seen Bengal’s Face, 1973 From the broken Nest to Visa-Bharati Selected Works of M N Roy (in 4 volumes), Oxford University Press GQvov wj‡L‡Qb AmsL¨ cÖeÜ| `vk©wbK iv‡mj Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Dw³

wke bvivq‡Yi Qwe

gy³v‡š^lv

65

G wel‡q gZvgZ †`qvi g‡Zv h‡_ó †hvM¨ bB Ges mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK Avwg Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Lye KgB c‡owQ| Avwg cÖavbZ Zuvi Ab¨Zg `yj©f I weL¨vZ iPbv Ô†gŠgvwQZš¿Õ (†hŠ_Zv Ges ˆRe cÖK…wZ‡K gwngvwš^Z Kivi A‡_©) Ges Mfxifv‡e `„wófw½ †_‡K DrmvwiZ GK¸”Q iPbvi cÖwZ `„wó wbe× Ki‡ev| hwÌ Zuvi Av`wk©K AvbyM‡Zï mv‡_ Avgvi Mfxi cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| Ô†gŠgvwQZš¿Õ Awdwkqvj gvK©&mev` we‡klZ †jwbb DËi gvK©&mev` Gi m~¶ cÖwZi¶v ey¨n fv½vi msMÖv‡gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³|

†gŠgvwQZ‡š¿i aviYv wkebvivqY AvniY K‡iwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv‡_i iPbv †_‡K| Ôj¶ j¶ ermi a‡i †gŠgvwQ †h PvK ˆZwi K‡i Avm‡Q †mB PvK ˆZwi Kivi GKUvbv †SuvK wKQz‡ZB †m KvwU‡q DV‡Z cvi‡Q bv| G‡Z K‡i Zv‡ì PvK wbLyuZfv‡e ˆZwi n‡”Q, wKš‘ Zv‡ì Aš—tKiY GB wPivf¨v‡mi MÊxi g‡a¨ eÜ n‡q Av‡Q, †m Avcbv‡K bvbvw`‡K †g‡j w`‡Z cvi‡Q bv (iPbvejx-14 LÊ, c„ 320)| Kwei wPš—vi m‡½ mvhyR¨ †c‡qwQ‡jb Avi“Bb cv‡bvdw¯‹| cv‡bvd&w¯‹Õi aviYv ÔB‡Ý‡±vjv‡Uvwi÷Õi (hviv gay‡Kvl‡K †Mvôx, †kªYx, RvwZ ev b„-†Mvôx wbwe©‡kl msÁvq me ¸i“Z¡ mnKv‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡ib) Dci wfwË K‡i ˆZwi| bvRx †Mvôx I KwgDwb÷‡ì welqwU Zvi wPš—vq wQj| hwÌ ivq †hfv‡e ey‡S‡Qb Zv‡Z KwgDwbRg ev KwgDwb÷iv Ôg¨vjvcÖwcR‡gÕi (wfbœ A_©en wKš‘ m‡gv”PviY aŸwbRwbZ weåvU) g‡Zv K‡i †jwb‡bvËi mgvRZš¿‡K ev AviI GK avc GwM‡q ÷¨vwjwbRg‡K mvgëv‡ì mv‡_ wgwj‡q †d‡jb| wZwb D‡jL K‡i‡Qb ÔgvK©&mÕ bv‡g †WwfW †gK‡jjv‡bi g‡bvMÖvdwU gvK©&m‡K cybt¯’vcb Kivi Ges gvK©&m‡K Zvi wePy¨wZ †_‡K gyw³ †Ìqvi GKwU `ye©j cÖ‡Póv †hUv cÖK…Zc‡¶ ïi“ K‡iwQj G‡½jm&| wkebvivqY e¨vcKfv‡e gvK©&m‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Qb|

AwaKš‘ wZwb wVKB †n‡M‡ji ÒLectures on the Philosophy of History”i K_v D‡jL K‡i h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, ÒRvZxq w¯úwiU Gi mv‡_ e¨w³i m¤úK© n‡”Q †h †m Aek¨B GB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m„wó‡K i¶v Ki‡e, GUv n‡”Q Zvi †PZbv I wkíKjv; GUv g~jëvb wKQz GKUv n‡e|Ó BwZnv‡m Uª¨vwRwW n‡”Q wnUjvi Ges ÷¨vwjb Df‡qB gvbyl‡K †n‡Mjxq Quv‡P ˆZwi K‡iwQj| c¶vš—‡i wb‡R‡K †n‡M‡ji wkl¨ ¯^xKvi K‡iI Kvj© gvK©&m Dc‡i ewY©Z iPbvi wm×vš—‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb|

†gŠgvwQZš¿ ¯—vwjb hy‡M wKQzUv K`h© iƒc wb‡qwQj| Zv bvn‡j †e‡U©vë †eªLU wjL‡Zb bv t

wcÖq eÜz I mZx_© Kwe jyB g¨vKbx‡mi AKvj cÖqv‡Y DB÷vb wbD A‡Wb wj‡LwQ‡jb, cÖqvZ †Kvb gvby‡li RxerKv‡ji g~j¨vq‡bi AeKvk bq| Guiv wQ‡jb 1930 `k‡Ki A·eªxR Kwe-†Mvôxfz³, gb‡b-wPš—‡b evgcš’x| w÷‡db †¯úÛvi, †mwmj †W jyBm †mB D¾¡j †R¨vwZ®‹‡ì Ab¨Zg ejv nZ A‡Wb MÖ“c| A‡W‡bi ZLbKvi †kvKvZ© gvbwmKZvq (g¨vKbx‡mi 56 eQi c~Y© nqwb) H Dw³ A¯^vfvweK wQjbv| wkebvivqY iv‡qi 88 eQ‡ii Rxebvemv‡b (MZ 26 †deª“qvwi 2008) eis AKc‡U g~j¨vqb Kvg¨, KviY wZwb mewKQz †LvjvLywj e¨³ Ki‡Zb, Ab¨‡ìI Zuvi m¤ú‡K© †Zgb ¯úó AwfgZ ïb‡Z PvB‡Zb| mgv‡jvPbv Kivi mgq KvD‡K wZwb fq ev †Zvqv°v K‡ibwb, Zuvi c_ cÖ`k©K gvb‡e›`ªbv_ ivq‡KI bq| BKbwgK GÛ †cvwjwUK¨vj DBKwj‡Z iv‡fjv †mvgvBqv wj‡L‡Qb twkebvivqY ivq GKwU bqv gvbe mf¨Zv wbg©vY I bqv gvbweK ms¯‹…wZ weKv‡ki Rb¨ wj‡L‡Qb Ges jovB K‡i‡Qb| mZZvB Zuvi `vqe×Zv wQj| ÒgvbweK g~j¨‡eva, mZZvi mvnm, ¯^vaxb wPš—v, †gŠwjKZv Ges mijZv wQj Zuvi êwkó¨| Zuvi Ab¨Zg D‡jL‡hvM¨ KvR GgGb iv‡qi Rxebx iPbv QvovI wZwb GK WR‡bi AwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© MÖš’ wj‡L‡Qb Ges Gi mv‡_ AviI A‡bK eB m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ - Radicalism, Between Renaissance and Revolution: Selected Essays The University of Man: The message of Romain Rolland .. .. | G QvovI evsjv mvwnZ¨, ivR‰bwZK wPš—v Ges ms¯‹…wZi †¶‡Î Zuvi Ae`vb Acwi‡gq| Avwg

K‡iwQ‡jb, Ò .. .. Sibnarayan Ray stands for a point of view which I consider important in every part of the world. … .. His writings ably represents a more reasonable point of view than that of most writers of our time. Ó Kwe GwW_ myBUI‡qj e‡jb, Ò It is my convinced opinion that Sibnarayan Ray is one of the few really important critics of our time. …. In this most remarkable book Explorations, doors are opened upon long vistas of beauty and of meaning. There is a nourishment for the mind and for the power of living upon every page ….Ó]Rxebvemvb : 26†k †deª“qvwi, 2008, kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b| Zuvi gi‡`n GmGm‡KGg nvmcvZv‡j cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

¯^vaxbZv huvi †PZbvq wQj†Lvjv Rvbvjvi cÖwZfvm

k¼i ivq

gy³v‡š^lv

66

ÔIAvb g¨vb n¨vh Uz AvBh|w` cvwU© n¨vh Av _vDR¨vbW AvBh|w` cvwU Ifvijy· †m‡fb †÷Um©|IAvb g¨vb wmh IAvb wmwU|IAvb g¨vb n¨vh wnh AvIqvievU w` cvwU© n¨vh †gwb AvIqvim|IAvb g¨vb K¨vb WvBevU w` cvwU© K¨vbU we wKìÕ|

wkebvivqY ivq Zuvi Ô†gŠgvwQZ‡š¿Õ G KweZvsk D‡jL K‡iwQ‡jb| KwgDwb÷ ZvwË¡Kiv ZLb bxie wQ‡jb, †bZviv wK ej‡Zb AvRI Rvwbbv| nq‡Zv ïav‡j ej‡Zb, ZLb †KŠkjMZ Kvi‡Y cÖ‡qvRb wQj| †hgb bvwK ìKvi wQj Îrw¯‹, eyLvwib, Kv‡g‡bf, ex‡ib P‡Ævcva¨vq, Aebx gyLvR©x (AvPvh© mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi eÜz; Ô‡gB&bw÷ªgÕ mvßvwn‡K Zuvi Abe`¨ ¯§iYK_v g‡b c‡o) BZ¨vw`‡ì wbg©g nZ¨v Ges K‡qK nvRvi cvwU© m`‡mï Ñ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †K›`ªxq KwgwUi A‡bK m`m¨mn wb‡LuvR nIqvi ìKvi wQj! Kwg›Uvb© M‡elK Avgvi eÜz Aa¨vcK †kvfbjvj `Ë¸‡ßi cÖvgvY¨ MÖš’ ÔKwgbUvb© GÛ w` †Ww÷wb Ad KwgDwbRg Bb BwÛqvÕ (1919-43) GB aviYv †`q †h, ¯—vwj‡bi AgvR©bxq Aciva Pvcv †èvi Ac‡Póv Ges ¶gZv jv‡fi wbôzi Awfe¨w³ e¨ZxZ Ab¨ wKQy bq| Aa¨vcK `Ë¸ß 1980Õi `k‡K Mf©v‡Pf Rvgvbvi G‡Kev‡i †kl w`‡K KwgbUvb© gnv‡dRLvbv Db¥y³ Kivi c‡i Qq gvm †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡b H gnv‡dRLvbvq KvR K‡i eBwU wj‡LwQ‡jb| G cÖm‡½ ewj, wmwcAvB (Gg) †K›`ªxq †bZ…Z¡ PÆMÖv‡g hye we‡`ªv‡ni exi ˆmwbK I KwgDwb÷ cvwU© M‡elK my‡eva ivq‡K H gnv‡dRLvbvq cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb K‡qKÕk dvBj I `wjj d‡UvKwc K‡i G‡bwQ‡jb| wKš‘ H me `wjj ev·e›`x i‡q‡Q GK `k‡Ki †ekx Kvj a‡i| Aa¨vcK `Ë¸ß †`‡L G‡mwQ‡jb Zvi wPý| KviY gnv‡dRLvbvq †h me dvBj whwb †`‡L‡Qb Zvui bvg, †`vfvlxi bvg †jLv _v‡K| Rxebvemv‡bi eQiLv‡bK Av‡M `Ë¸ß Zuvi m‡½ †`Lv K‡i G cÖm‡½ ïwa‡qwQ‡jb| †mvwf‡qZ cvwU©i †K›`ªxq †bZ…‡Z¡i AvwZ‡_qZvi f~qmx cÖksmv K‡i my‡eva evey e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvwg cvwU©i AbyMZ ˆmwbK| Avwg me w`‡q w`‡qwQ| Avgvi KZ©e¨ K‡iwQ|Õ Aš—‡e©`bv Aš—‡i †i‡L †Ìqv Qvov Avi wK Kivi wQj| K‡qK eQi Av‡M wkebvivqY ivq gvK©mxq I d«‡qWxq wPš—‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv AKc‡U ¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| ÔGKzk kZ‡Ki f‚wgKv wnmv‡e KwgDwb÷ g¨vwb‡d‡÷v †hgb cÖvmw½KZv nvivqwb †Zgwb nvivqwb d«‡q‡Wi `¨

wdDPvi Ae A¨vb Bjy¨kvbÕ (Rvibvj †_‡K - eb¨ †Mvjv‡ci myMÜ: Zmwjgv bvmwi‡bi wØLwÊZ, wRÁvmv, RyjvB-wW‡m¤î, 2003)| GB evK¨vsk D‡jL KiwQ G Kvi‡Y †h gZv`k©MZfv‡e Zuvi mZx_© A¤vb `Ë Zuvi ¯§i‡Y wj‡L‡Qb †h gvb‡e›`ªbv_ I wZwb gvK©mxq `k©b †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡mwQ‡jb (A¤vb `Ë Rxebe¨vcx GKwU mvabv - †`k, 17B GwcÖj, 2008)| Guiv †KDB gvK©m we‡ivax n‡q hvb wb, mgv‡jvPbvZ¥K gbb w`‡q wePvi Kivi cÖqvm †c‡qwQ‡jb gvK©m‡K| cÖwm× wecex †ivRv jy‡·gevM©I (huv‡K †jwbb e‡jwQ‡jb Ôwec‡ei CMj cvLx, d«vb&R gwiO huvi m¤ú‡K© e‡jwQ‡jb, gvK©m I G‡½j‡mi c‡iB †kªô cÖwZfv) cyuwRfeb cÖ‡kœ ÔK¨vwcUv‡jÕ gvK©‡mi wm×vš— wb‡q weKí gZ e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvn‡j wK ej‡Z n‡e †ivRvI gvK©mev` we‡ivax n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb?Z_vP wZwb hLb †gŠgvwQZ‡š¿ wj‡LwQ‡jb, Ôhy‡×vËi c„w_ex‡Z d¨vwmR‡gi PvB‡Z GwUiB (†gŠgvwQZ‡š¿i) cÖwZcwË †ewkÕ, ZLb Zuvi BwZnvm-†PZbvi wKQzUv mgv‡jvPbv `vqe×Zv eZ©vq êwK| ¯—vwj‡bi Avg‡j †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Ges †mLvbKvi RbMY d¨vwmev`x Rvg©vbxi †P‡qI `y`©kvMÖ¯— wQj GUv mZ¨ bq| hš¿Yv `yB eë¯’v‡ZB Kg-†ewk wQj, wKš‘ Avw_©K †kvlY ¯—vwjb-Avg‡j †gv‡UB Zxeª wQjbv| eis 1929-30 bvMv` hLb mvgªvRëv`x †`k¸‡jv A_©‰bwZK msK‡U _i_i, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡b ZLb †KD †eKvi wQj bv|wKš‘ wkebvivqY wVKB e‡jwQ‡jb, d¨vwmR‡gi cÖZ¨q ÔRvwZi mgwóMZ mËvi we‡jv‡c e¨w³i †gv¶... i“‡mvi Abymi‡Y ew¼gP›`ª cÖ_g Avgv‡ì GB †gŠgvwQZ‡š¿ `x¶v w`‡jb; Zvici we‡eKvb›`, wZjK, Aiwe›` cÖgyL gnvgbxlx‡ì (wè¨Áv‡bi mg_©‡b) †m gš¿ µ‡g fviZxq wkw¶Z g‡b Zvi cÖej †gvncvk we¯—vi Kij| Ae‡k‡l gnvZ¥v MvÜxi Avwef©ve NUj| wZwb wePvi eyw×‡K bvKP K‡i ˆè wb‡`©k‡KB mvgwóK eënv‡ii wbqvgK wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Ki‡jb|... gnvZ¥v bxwZ‡ev‡ai bv‡g Ávbeyw×i †Mvov †Nu‡l †Kvc jvMv‡jb|ÕGKgvÎ iex›`ªbv_ hyw³‡eva, gvbeZvev` Ges e¨w³mËvi †gjeÜ‡bi c‡¶ AvRxeb Kjg a‡i‡Qb, hv wkebvivqY‡K AvK…ó K‡iwQj| G Rb¨ wek¦fviZxq DcvPvh© c‡` A¤vb `‡Ëi †hvM`v‡bi ci hLb wZwb ivq‡K Aby‡iva Ki‡jb iex›`ª fe‡bi Aa¨‡¶i fviMÖnY Ki‡Z, wkebvivqY ivq mvb‡›` m¤§wZ w`‡jb Ges Kvqg‡bvev‡K¨ wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡jb| huviv Gi g‡a¨ ¯^Rb‡cvlY Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb (wkebvivqY †h KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q 1940-Gi `k‡K Gg G cix¶vq cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z cÖ_g Ges †iwRbv ¸n ¯^Y©c`K

gy³v‡š^lv

67

†c‡qwQ‡jb, GB Z_¨wU bv †R‡b Kzrmvq †g‡ZwQ‡jb), Zuv‡ì A‡b‡K (huv‡ì wek¦fviZxi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Av‡Q) c‡i Keyj K‡iwQ‡jb, A¤vbevey †hvM¨ gvbyl‡K wbe©vwPZ K‡iwQ‡jb|cÖLi hyw³ev`x wkebvivqY gZv`k©MZ w`K †_‡K huv‡ì we‡ivax wQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì cÖwZ KL‡bv Akª×v †cvlY Ki‡Zb bv| GB w`KUv ÔmvwnZ¨wPš—vÕ cÖeÜ msMÖ‡n we‡klfv‡e cwiõzU| Avwg G e¨vcv‡i GKwU cÖe‡Üi D‡jL Kie - ÔjvwUg †_‡K jvUvB: wek¦cw_K Kwe I gbxlx Awgq PµeË©xÕ (PZzi½, AvM÷ 1992)| gvb‡e›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ cwiP‡qi Av‡M QvÎve¯’vq iex›`ª‡Ëvi evsjv Kv‡eï Ab¨Zg †kªô H Kwe I mvwnZ¨wPš—K Zuvi gbbMZ weKv‡k AbyNU‡Ki f‚wgKv wb‡q wQ‡jb mvwnZ¨ †¶‡Î| `yÕR‡bi gbðwiÎ-KvVv‡gvq êcixZ¨ wQj| Awgqevey c‡jwg‡· Abxn wQ‡jb, wkebvivqY c‡jwg‡· Zz‡Lvo| wKš‘ ÁvbPP©vq Zuv‡ì m¤úK© wQj GKw`‡K ¸i“-wk‡lï, Ab¨w`‡K AMÖR-AbyR eÜzZvi| Awgqevey‡K wZwb †hgb wb‡g©vn wePvi K‡i‡Qb H wbe‡Ü, †Zgwb kª×vebZ ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb| †h MvÜxwRi cÖwZ wkebvivq‡Yi Zxeª gZv`k©MZ wei“×Zv †gŠgvwQZ‡š¿, cÖvq Pvi`kK c‡i wjL‡Qb - ÔwZwb †h G kZ‡Ki BwZnv‡mi GKRb cÖavb cyi“l Ges Ab¨v‡qi we‡ivwaZvq Awnsm Amn‡hvM †h GKwU Mfxi m¤¢vebvgq c×wZ, Zv wb‡q Avgvi g‡b mskq †bB; Ges Rxe‡bi me©‡kl c‡e© MvÜxi mZ¨vMÖnx GKvwKZv Ges UªvwRK cwimgvwß Avgvi †PZbvq Av‡jvob †Zv‡jÕ|hwÌ wkebvivqY ivR‰bwZK ZvwË¡K wn‡m‡eB L¨vZ, Zuvi †gŠwjK wePiY‡¶Î wQj mvwnZ¨| Awgq PµeË©x‡K wb‡q c~‡e©v³ cÖe‡Ü Zuvi we‡klYx cÖwZfv c~Y© `xwß‡Z R¡‡j D‡VwQj| msw¶ß cwim‡i H cÖeÜ Awgq PµeË©xi Kve¨-cÖwZgv wbg©vY weij I we¯§qKi| GK RvqMvq wjL‡Qb, ÔwZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb Ôa¨v‡bi wm‡bgv‡Z/gywì †`vKvb, gvwQ gv‡ZÕ (cyKzi) ay‡jvq, gM‡Ri Mwj‡Z wewPÎ `vM, ¯^”Q Avmv hvIqv, mevB Ac~Y©Õ| Awgq PµeË©x ev¯—weKB †`kKvj‡K †cwi‡q G‡m gvbyl‡K †`L‡Z †c‡Zb G‡Kev‡i Ab¨Zi AvuwL‡Z| Avwd«Kvq ÔnVvr gvwUi N‡i Qvqv is gvby‡li †`‡kÕ cyjwKZ nb, Kj‡g dz‡U I‡V mvb›` we¯§q - †hb Zuvi gv †Kvb KzUx‡i M‡o‡Qb msmvi| GB iKg †mjyj‡qW-mvs‡KwZK Av`‡j wbwg©Z nZ Kwei †UwjMÖvwdK fvlvq| GB we‡kl‡Yi †gŠwjKZv wkebvivq‡Yi Abvqvmmva¨ wQj|hLb GK ‡kªYxi evg-†cvkvKx eªvþY¨-DbœvwmK Zmwjgvi †jLv‡K wbgœgv‡bi mvwnZ¨ e‡j Kzrmvq wb‡qvwRZ, wkebvivqY wjL‡jb - ÔL‡Ê L‡Ê cÖKvwkZ Zuvi AvZ¥Rxebxi, Ges we‡kl K‡i 3q LÊwUi mePvB‡Z eo

g~j¨ I AvKl©Y GwUi wfZi w`‡q Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi Kx fv‡e eû evavwecwË, AvNvZ, Acgvb I e¨_©Zvi wfZi w`‡q gymjgvb ga¨weË N‡ii GKwU mvaviY †g‡q Zuvi AvZ¥kw³ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib, AcÖwZg Zmwjgv bvmwib n‡q I‡Vb| cÖ_g `yÕwU L‡Ê †h f‚wgKv iwPZ n‡qwQj Zv cwiYwZ cvq| GB MÖ‡š’i †hgb HwZnvwmK †Zgwb mvwnwZ¨K g~j¨ cÖPziÕ|†Mvov‡ZB e‡jwQ, wkebvivqY‡K †Lvjv †Pv‡L †`L‡Z n‡e, ZuviB g‡Zv †Lvjv †PvL wb‡q| wZwb wf‡qrbvg hy‡× gvwK©b mvgªvRëv`‡K Avovj K‡iwQ‡jb| (BwZnvmwe` I mgvRZvwË¡K ivgP›`ª ¸n wkebvivq‡Yi AbyivMx n‡qI Avgv‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb wkebvivq‡Yi Ô‡Kv‡q÷Õ ev GbKvD›Uvi cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ cÖeÜwUi K_v)| GwU Aek¨B wb›`bxq, we‡klZ †gŠgvwQZ‡š¿i †jL‡Ki c‡¶| †mvgvBqv wj‡L‡Qb †h ivg g‡bvni †jvwnqvi RvZcvZ wb‡q †jLv¸‡jv wkebvivqY‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj Ges †mvgvBqv‡K wkebvivqY bvwK e‡jwQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ bvwK wPš—vi wgj wQj| †jvwnqv Avi Gm Gm †bZv `xc`qvj Dcva¨v‡qi cÖavb cÖPviK wQ‡jb Ges DËi cÖ‡`k †_‡K lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †klw`‡K †jvKmfv Dcwbe©vP‡b wRwZ‡q wQ‡jb| †jvwnqv‡KI Av‡iK Dcwbe©vP‡b †jvKmfv‡Z wRZ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| AvcvZ mgvRZš¿x †jvwnqv wQ‡jb c¨v_jwRK¨vj gvK©mev`-we‡ivax| Zuvi m‡½ wkebvivq‡Yi wPš—vMZ wgj †egvbvb I we¯§qKi| †Kvb †jLvq †jvwnqvi D”Q¡wmZ cÖksmv _vK‡Z cv‡i, Avgvi Aek¨ Rvbv †bB|†hŠe‡b hLb fvi‡Zi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i mwµq m`m¨ wQjvg, wkebvivqY‡K cÖvq cÖwZwµqvkxj eyw×Rxex Ggb aviYv Avgv‡ì g‡b †Mu‡_ †Ìqv n‡qwQj| Avgvi g‡b mskq wQj LvwbKUv| †m aviYvq AvNv‡Zi ¯úk© †cjvg wZwb hLb GKwU †jLvq Keyj Ki‡jb †h ÔcÖev‡mi Rvb©v‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i wPÎKjvi åvš— g~j¨vqb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges we‡k¦i cÖ_g mvwii wPÎKi wn‡m‡e kª×vN© Ac©Y K‡iwQ‡jb| cwðge‡½i evgcš’xiv Zuv‡K wP‡bwQ‡jb evewi gmwR` aŸs‡mi c‡i| wkebvivqY †mw`b A¤vbeveyi m‡½ eRªK‡É M‡R© D‡VwQ‡jb| gy³v‡š^lvi m¤úv`K Aa¨vcK ARq ivq hLb Aby‡iva Ki‡jb wkebvivqY ivq‡K wb‡q wjL‡Z, wØavq wQjvg| KviY Zuvi wel‡q hviv me‡P‡q Kg c‡o‡Qb, Avwg Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g mvwi‡Z| wKš‘ †hŠe‡b Zuv‡K bv ey‡S AcQ›` KiZvg| cÖvqwð‡Ëi AeKvk †cjvg| Avwg `vqe×|

†jLK cwðg e‡½i mvsevw`K I mvwnZ¨K| B-g‡Bj t [email protected]

gy³v‡š^lv

68

m`¨cÖqvZ gvbeZvev`x I weij cÖRvwZi eyw×Rxwe wkebvivqY ivq Zvui Ô†gŠgvwQZš¿Õ MÖ‡š’i ÔMYZš¿ I ms¯‹…wZÕ Aa¨v‡qi GK RvqMvq wj‡L‡Qb, cÖwZ gvbylB Abb¨ Ges †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K Ac‡ii D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Dcvq g‡b Kiv Am½Z| AZGe `vmeë¯’v gbyl¨‡Z¡i cwicš’x; gvby‡l gvby‡l †fŠ‡MvwjK, ivóªxq A_ev mvs¯‹…wZK eëavb iPbv Ki‡j gvby‡li weKvk e¨vnZ nq| myZivs wek¦bvMwiKZv my¯’ mgv‡Ri D‡Ïk¨; e¨w³i m‡e©v‡ZvgyLx ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^xKvi wfbœ my¯’ mgvR msMVb Am¤¢e; GKw`‡K cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki †gŠwjK AwaKvivejxi cÖwZôv Ges Ab¨w`‡K e¨w³wbwe©‡k‡l wewaeë¯’vi cÖ‡qvM Av`k© iv‡óªi wfwË; mgvRRxe‡b we‡iva `~i Kivi Dcvq ej bq,hyw³;kvw¯— bq, wk¶v; AvµgY bq, gZwewbgq| ivóª-cwiPvj‡bi `vwqZ¡ Ges ¶gZv ivRv A_ev gywó‡gq kvmK m¤úÖ`v‡qi nv‡Z †K›`ªxf~Z bv †i‡L ivóªeë¯’vq bvMwiK mvavi‡Yi mwK&ªq Ask MÖn‡Yi eë¯’v _vKv we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb|Õ(c„ôv 50)

MÖxK‡ì g‡b cyivKv‡j wKfv‡e MYZš¿-aviYv mÄvZ nj I wK‡mi Zvobvq, †m cÖms‡M wkebvivqY MÖxK cwÊZ Av‡b©÷ eviKv‡ii Gfv‡eB e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ‡jb; wKš‘ G wel‡q Zvui wb‡Ri LvwbKUv mskq wQj| fvi‡Zi ivóªbxwZ, mgvRbxwZ I mvs¯‹…wZK cwigÐ‡ji e¨vL¨vqb †h gywó‡gq K‡qKRb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wkebvivqY Zvu‡ì GKRb| gvb‡e›`ªbv_ iv‡qi gZv`k©MZ I ZË¡MZ wkl¨ wkebvivqY me© A‡_© gvb‡e›`ªbv_ iv‡qi †hvM¨Zg

DËim~ix| e¨w³i weKvk webv mgv‡Ri weKvk wbi_©, GB wPš—vm~Î wkebvivqY gvb‡e›`ªbv_ iv‡qi KvQ †_‡K AvniY K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb e¨w³ wb‡qB mgvR, mgv‡Ri Rb¨ e¨w³ bq| GB Awfg‡Zi mv‡_ A‡b‡Ki bvI wgj n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ GB wPš—‡bi wcQ‡b Mfxi `k©‡bi cÖwZfvm we`¨gvb| wkebvivqY †h A‡_© D`vi‰bwZK wQ‡jb, Zvui m‡½ eZ©gv‡bi AvMÖvmx bqv-D`vibxwZev‡ì m¤úK© †bB| e¨w³i weKvk bqv-D`vibxwZev‡ì c‡¶ Aš—ivq| Ab¨w`‡K d¨vwmev` I KwgDwbRg‡K GK cO&w³fy³ bv Ki‡jI GB gZv`‡k©iB we‡ivax wQ‡jb| †Kbbv, wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb d¨vwmev` †hgb gvbeZš¿‡K `wjZ I wb‡®úwlZ K‡i, †Zgwb KwgDwbRg e¨w³-¯^vZš¿-we‡ivax Ges e¨w³‡K `j`v‡m iƒcvš—wiZ K‡i| A_P wZwb gvK©mev‡ì cÖwZ h‡_ó kª×vkxj wQ‡jb| wKš‘ gvK©mev‡ì gva¨‡g HwZnvwmK wbqš¿Yev‡ì wei“×Zv Ki‡Zb| G GK A™¢zZ êcixZ¨ e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q Avgvi|

MYms¯‹…wZ m¤ú‡K© wkebvivqY weiƒc wQ‡jb Ges †m cÖm‡½ wZwb †h hyw³ nvwRi K‡iwQ‡jb Ô†gŠgvwQZ‡š¿Õ Zv weZK©mv‡c¶ n‡jI A‡bKvs‡k cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| Zvui jÿ¨ g¨vm KvjPvi, wVK wccjm KvjPvi bq| Ôg¨vm KvjPvi †_ªUÝ Uz †µwUbvBh AvIqvi †U÷ A¨vÛ Uz eª“UvjvBR AvIqvi †mb‡mmÕ, evb©vW© †iv‡Rbev‡M©i GB K_vwU wZwb we¯—vwiZ e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| iv‡óªi me©MÖvmx cÖeYZv Zvu‡K AvkswKZ K‡iwQj| G cÖm‡½ wZwb wjL‡Qb, MYms¯‹…wZi Øviv cyó gb fv‡jvg›` DwPZ-AbywPZ, mZ¨-wg_¨v wePv‡i Ak³| GB ai‡bi mgv‡R ¸‡Yi PvB‡Z msL¨v‡K †Rvi †Ìqv nq; wbR¯^ wm×v‡š—I SyuwK Gwo‡q cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Avi cvuPRb‡K AbymiY Kivi †PÈv K‡i| d‡j Zv‡ì wb‡e©va ciZš¿Zvi my‡hvM wb‡q wW‡±Uiiv mn‡RB iv‡óª I mgv‡R wb‡R‡ì GK”QÎ AvwacZ¨ Kv‡qg Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ( H, c„ôv 72)| wkebvivq‡Yi GB e³e¨ wK Dwo‡q †Ìqv hvq? GB GB cÖ‡kœ eZ©gvb †jL‡Ki mg_©b wkebvivq‡Yi c‡¶|

fviZe‡l© 1940 Gi `kK †_‡K MYms¯‹…wZ mÄxweZ Kivi Rb¨ AvBwcwU‡qi ZLbKvi cÖ_g mvwii wkíx‡ì A‡b‡K KvR K‡i‡Qb| cÖwm× iex›`ªm½xZ wkíx †èeªZ wek¦vm e‡jwQ‡jb,Ô GK BwÂI †f` Ki‡Z cvwiwb Avgiv|Õ Zey MYms¯‹…wZ mvsMVwbKfv‡e wUwK‡q ivLv n‡qwQj Ges cwðge‡½ evgd«‡›Ui

gy³v‡š^lv

69

wkebvivqY ivq GK Abb¨ wPš—vwe`wbZ¨vb›` †Nvl

1977-G wecyj wbe©vPbx weR‡q ivR¨ AvBwcwU‡qi Ae`vb wQj|| wKš‘ MYms¯‹…wZ AvR `j`vm‡Z¡i Abykxj‡b ch©ewmZ| †mLv‡b cÖK…ófv‡e †`Lv wM‡q‡Q hvuiv `jZ‡š¿i evB‡i †_‡K MYms¯‹…wZi ev e¨w³i ‰kjx‡K›`ªxK GKK ms¯‹zwZi Abykxjb nq Zv‡K Iiv ZKgv †`q ms¯‹…wZi- I‡ì ms¯‹…wZi| Iiv-Avgiv wefvRb ms¯‹…wZ-†ÿ‡ÎI& ÿgZvmxb †gvP©vi cÖavb `j‡K mg_©b K‡i ÔAvgivÕ Avi mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡j ÔIivÕ (A_©vr cÖwZwµqvkxj)| b›`xMÖv‡gi †ÿ‡Î GB b¨°viRbK D‡Ïk¨g~jK wefvRb †`LwQ| wkebvivq‡Yi g¨vm KvjPvi wb‡q mZK©Zv †gv‡UB ev¯Íe-iwnZ bq QÙ-gvK©mev‡ì m‡½ g¨vm KvjPv‡ii nqZ †gjeÜb|

MYZš¿ I ms¯‹…wZ cÖm‡½ wkebvivqY wj‡L‡Qb, Ô m„wói cÖwµqv inm¨gq; wKš‘ Abykxjb, g~j¨‡eva, wRÁvmv Ges wbôv Qvov †h ms¯‹…wZ‡K i¶v Kiv Am¤¢e, GK_v mK‡jB ¯^xKvi K‡ib| ejv evûj¨, †jvKvPv‡ii cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨‡K Avgiv wbôv ejwQbv, wb‡Ri wePvi, g~j¨‡eva Ges Dcjwäi †ÿ‡Î AUzU `„pZvi bvg wbôv| weË, L¨vwZ, cÖwZcwËi cÖ‡jvfb‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i we‡iva, ¶wZ Ges fq‡K Rq K‡i †h gbxlxiv wb‡R‡ì mvabvi †¶‡Î mycÖwZwôZ _vK‡Z mg_©, ZvuivB ms¯‹…wZi wbgœMvwgZv †iva Ki‡e GwU cÖZ¨vwkZÕ(c„.93)| GB wPš—v G‡Kev‡iB Ag~jK bq, eZ©gvb mg‡q hw` wb‡R‡ì we‡e‡Ki Kwócv_‡i hvPvB Kwi, wkebvivqY-g~j¨vq‡bi `vq A¯^xKvi Kwi wK K‡i? wZwb Av‡iv ej‡jb,Ô GLb cÖkœ nj AvaywbK Kv‡j gbxlx‡ì g‡a¨ c~‡e©v³ wbôvi Dcw¯’wZ KZUv †Pv‡L c‡o| mK‡jB Rv‡bb †h G hy‡Mi me©MÖvmx ‰¯îZš¿x wPšÍvi mZZv Ges ¯^vaxbZv eRvq ivLv Am¤¢e| d¨vwm¯— Ges bvrmx wkíx Ges eyw×Rxwe‡ì we‡eK‡K ei cÖ‡qv‡Mi Øviv aŸsm Kiv n‡qwQj; Kgywb÷ iv‡óª wbôvevb gbxlx‡ì nZ¨v K‡i evKx eyw×Rxwe m¤cÖ`vq‡K DuPy gvB‡bi PvK‡i ch©ewmZ

Kivi †P÷v P‡j‡Q| wW‡±Uix eë¯’vq Ávbx¸wb‡ì mvg‡b `vm‡Z¡i weKí †nvj AvZ¥nZ¨v, e›`xZ¡ A_ev g„Zz¨| Acic‡¶ MYZ‡š¿i Ab¨ †h Î“wUB _vK †mLv‡b wkíx Ges gbxlx‡ì ¯^vaxbZv‡K kw³cÖ‡qv‡Mi Øviv †Kv_vI †jvc Kiv nqwb| wkebvivq‡Yi gbxlvi cÖwZ webgª kª×v AUzU †i‡L ejwQ †h †kl evK¨vsk †g‡b †bIqv KwVb,... wbðqB| ivóªms‡Ni kiYv_©x‡ì Kwgkbvi (BDGbGBPwmAvi) Ges A¨vg‡bw÷ B›Uvib¨vkbv‡ji evrmwiK wi‡cvU©¸wj †_‡K †`Lv hvq, eû (ey‡R©vqv) MYZvwš¿K †`‡k (fviZmn) Kwe-wkíx‡ìI ivóªxq mš¿v‡mi wkKvi n‡Z n‡q‡Q| MYgva¨g evievi Avµvš— nq bv wK Z_vKw_Z MYZvwš¿K †`k¸wj‡Z? MYZš¿I †h ey‡R©vqv

GKbvqKZš¿, gvK©‡mi GB wm×vš—Ab¯^xKvh©|wkebvivq‡Yi iv‡qi A‡bK wm×vš— h‡_ó

weZK©g~jK, wKš‘ wZwb GK weij wPš—vwe`, hvu‡K G`‡ki KwgDwb÷iv AeÁv K‡iwQ‡jb| GB fzj gvR©bv Kiv hvq bv| wKš‘ evewi gmwR` aŸs‡mi ci wZwb I Aa¨vcK A¤vb `Ë D”PwKZ n‡q evgcšx’ I MYZš¿¿x‡ì cÖwZev‡` Ab¨ gvÎv Ry‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| ag©xq gZvÜZvi wei“‡× †m †h GK B¯úvZ-`„p cÖwZev`, Zv‡Z GB `ywU gvby‡li f~wgKv wecyj| K_vUv GB R‡b¨ ejwQ †h A‡bK KwgDwb÷-we‡Ølx eyw×Rxex we¯§qKifv‡e bxie wQ‡jb, †KD †KD B‡Zvc~‡e© gvwK©b gyjy‡K †ewo‡q G‡m‡Qb KwgDwb÷-we‡Ølxi cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e| Giv `yRb gZv`k©MZfv‡e KwgDwbRgwe‡ivax n‡jI KwgDwb÷-we‡Ølx wQ‡jb bv| wkebvivqY †Zv gvK©‡mi cÖvmw½KZv KL‡bv A¯^xKvi K‡ib wb| Zmwjgv bvmwi‡bi c‡¶ wZwb Kjg a‡iwQ‡jb ivóªxq mš¿v‡mi cÖwZev‡`| Zmwjgvi mvwnZ¨gv‡bi D”P cÖksmvI K‡iwQ‡jb| fvewQ, Ggb wPš—vwe‡ì msL¨v wK K‡g Avm‡Q bv?†jLK `w¶Y PweŸk ciMYv †Rjvq RxeweÁvb covb; Ô†PZbvÕ I ÔbevbœÕ cwÎKvi m‡½ hy³

evewi gmwR` aŸs‡mi ci wZwb I Aa¨vcK A¤vb `Ë D”PwKZ n‡q evgcš’x I MYZš¿¿x‡ì cÖwZev‡` Ab¨ gvÎv Ry‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| ag©xq gZvÜZvi wei“‡× †m †h GK B¯úvZ-`„p cÖwZev`, Zv‡Z GB `ywU gvby‡li f~wgKv wecyj| K_vUv GB R‡b¨ ejwQ †h A‡bK KwgDwb÷-we‡Ølx eyw×Rxex we¯§qKifv‡e bxie wQ‡jb, †KD †KD B‡Zvc~‡e©

gvwK©b gyjy‡K †ewo‡q G‡m‡Qb KwgDwb÷-we‡Ølxi cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e| Giv `yRb gZv`k©MZfv‡e KwgDwbRgwe‡ivax n‡jI KwgDwb÷-we‡Ølx wQ‡jb bv|

gy³v‡š^lv

70

[ MZ 22 b‡f¤î, 2007, Zmwjgv bvmwib‡K Zvui †KvjKvZvi evmv †_‡K DwV‡q wb‡q Rqcy‡i cvwV‡q †`q cwðge‡½i evgcwš’ ey×‡è fÆvPv‡h©i miKvi| †mw`bB ivR¯’vb miKvi Zmwjgvi B”Qv Abymv‡i Zvu‡K †KvjKvZvq †dir cvVv‡Z PvB‡j cwðge½ miKvi †mvRv bv e‡j †`q| AZtci †K‡›`ªi nv‡ZB Zmwjgv‡K mu‡c †`qv nq| †K›`ªxq miKvi evsjv‡`‡ki GB mr I mvnmx †jwLKv‡K GKwU AÁvZ ¯’v‡b, Z_vKw_Z †md nvD‡R Kvh©Z e›`x K‡i †i‡LwQj MZ 4 gvm a‡i| Zvui †Kvb ¯^vaxbZv wQj bv Zvi d‡j Zmwjgvi ¯^v¯’¨ I g‡bvej †f‡O c‡o|

Gi Av‡M nvq`ªvev‡ì GKwU Zz”Q NUbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i evg miKv‡ii cÖvq cÖZ¨¶ g`‡Z cwðge‡½i Bmjvgx mv¤úÖ`vwqK †Mvôxi Zmwjgv we‡ivax mgv‡ek, wgwUs, wgwQ‡ji ARynv‡Z 4 gvm hver Zuv‡K †KvjKvZvi evmvq Ave× K‡i ivLv nq| wmwcGg †bZv wegvb emy ZLb e‡jwQ‡jb Ò Zmwjgv bvmwib †KvjKvZv‡K wbivc` bv fve‡j cwðge½ †Q‡o P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i|ÕÕ Avi †K‡›`ªi gš¿x wcÖqiÄb `vm gywÝi Dw³ Ò Zmwjgvi DwPZ hv‡ì wZwb AvNvZ K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q ¶gv PvIqv|ÕÕ GB me Dw³ wbtm‡›`‡n mv¤úÖ`vwqK †gŠjev`x kw³‡K ejevb K‡i‡Q Zmwjgvi wec‡¶| fvi‡Zi †mKz¨jvi I Amv¤úÖ`vwqK kw³i Zmwjgv‡K †KvjKvZvq Zvui evmvq wdwi‡q Avbvi `vex‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i w`jx miKvi gv‡P©i 19 Zvwi‡L,2008 evsjv‡`‡ki †g‡q‡K BD‡ivcMvgx GK wegv‡b Pwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|

gvbjvg, cwðge½ miKvi I fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq miKvi Zmwjgv‡K fviZf~wg †_‡K weZvoY K‡i AgvbweK KvR K‡i‡Q,Mwn©Z KvR K‡i‡Q, Ges RvwZms‡Ni gvbevwaKvi PvU©vi Agvb¨ K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki GB †jwLKv‡K hLb GLvb †_‡K ILv‡b Uvbv-†nuPov Kiv nw”Qj, ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi, Zvi bvMwiK‡K i¶vi †Kvb `vq-`vwhZ¡ bv wb‡q wbwj©ß †_‡K‡Q| ïay wK miKvi? G †`‡ki mykxj mgvR I gvbevwaKvi msMVbMy‡jv GK`g wbðyc I wbwj©ß †_‡K `~i †_‡K Zvgvmv †`‡L‡Q| A_P i“k †`‡ki cÖv³b †cÖwm‡W›U Mf©vPf Zv‡K Avkªq w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Zmwjgvi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v †`‡L my`~i A‡÷ªwjqv †_‡K GK M„nea~ Avgv‡K wj‡L‡Qb, Zmwjgv‡K wZwb Zvi cwiev‡i Avkªq w`‡Z Pvb| divmx miKvi Zvu‡K bvMwiKZ¡ `v‡bi cÖ¯—ve †i‡L‡Q| Avwg e¨w³MZfv‡e bvbv R‡bi Kv‡Q wM‡qwQ GKUv wKQz Kivi Rb¨, wKš‘ mevB gyL wdwi‡q wb‡q‡Qb| Avgiv GgbB gvbeZvev`x †h †gŠjev`x‡ì bv½v Avùvj‡b f‡q msKzwPZ nw”Q µgvMZ| wKQz Ki‡Z bv cvivi A¶gZv Avgv‡K †e`bvZ© K‡i †Zv‡j| Avwg fzj‡Z cvwi bv W. Zmwjgv bvmwi‡bi †kl AvKzwZ fiv B-†gB‡ji Av‡e`bwU hv Avgvi g‡b GLbI †`vjv †`q:

ÔÔ†Ubkb, GsRvBwU, †÷ªm... G¸‡jv Avgvi e›`x Rxe‡b †e‡o‡Q A‡bK| AvR Wv³vi Avgvi †PvL cix¶v K‡i Avgvi nvBcvi‡Ubwmf †iwU‡bvc¨vw_ †cj|Avwg GLv‡b Avi wKQzw`b _vK‡j gviv co‡ev| Avgv‡K Rš‘i g‡Zv LvuPvq e›`x K‡i‡Q, Avgv‡K wcR wb‡q hvb|ÕÕAvgvi GB A¶gZv ïay Avgvi GKvi bq, mgMÖ evOvwj RvwZi| w`jx‡Z e›`x Ae¯’vq _vKv Kv‡j ÔÔew›`bx Zmwjgv bvmwibÕÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GK¸”Q KweZv cvwV‡qwQ‡jb gy³v‡š^lvi Rb¨, ZvuiB GKwU Qvcv‡bv nj|-m¤úv`K ]

gy³v‡š^lv

71

ew›`bxZmwjgv bvmwi‡biKweZv

†`k e‡j wK wKQz _vK‡Z †bB Avgvi

Zmwjgv bvmwib

GgbB Acivax, gvbeZvi GgbB kÎ“ Avwg,GgbB wK †`k‡`ªvnx †h †`k e‡j wKQz _vK‡Z †bB Avgvi!†`kB Z‡e †K‡o †b‡e Avgvi evwKUv Rxeb †_‡K Avgvi ¯^‡`k|

†`k †`k e‡j A‡Üi g‡Zv DËi †_‡K `w¶Y †Mvjva©cvnvo mgy`ª Avi mvwimvwi e„¶A‡Üi g‡Zv AvKvk Pvu` Kzqvkv †ivÏyiA‡Üi g‡Zv Nvm jZv¸j¥ gvwU Avi gvbyl nvZ‡o nvZ‡o †`k Lyu‡RwQ|

c„w_ex dzwi‡q Ae‡k‡l Rxeb dz‡iv‡Z †`‡ki Zx‡i G‡m emv K¬vš— wccvmvZ© gvby‡li wbwðwš—‡K Zzwg hw` †U‡b wnP‡o Zz‡j wb‡q hvI, AvuRjvi RjUvI Qz‡o w`‡q Avgv‡K g„Zz¨`Ê `vI, Z‡e wK bv‡g WvK‡ev †Zvgv‡K, †`k?

ey‡Ki Ici g¯— ce©‡Zi g‡Zv `vuwo‡qeyURy‡Zvi cv w`‡q Mjv wcl‡Qv,LyuwP‡q Zz‡j wb‡q‡Qv `y‡Uv †PvL,gyL †_‡K †U‡b †ei K‡i wb‡q‡Qv wRf, UzK‡iv K‡i‡Qv,PveyK †g‡i Pvgov Zz‡j wb‡q‡Qv,¸u‡ov K‡i w`‡q‡Qv cv, cv‡qi AvOyj, Lywj Ly‡j gw¯—®‹ †_Z‡j w`‡”Qv,ew›` K‡i‡Qv, †hb gwi, †hb g‡i hvB,Avwg Zey †`k e‡jB †Zvgv‡K WvwK, eo fv‡jv‡e‡m WvwK|wKQz mZ¨ D”PviY K‡iwQ e‡j Avwg †`k‡`ªvnx, wg_y¨‡Ki wgwQ‡j Kvu‡a Kvua wgwj‡q Zzwg Pj‡e e‡j AvR Avwg †`k‡`ªvnx|gvbeZv‡K †hb gvwU w`‡q w`B bq‡Zv mvZ Avmgv‡b Dwo‡q w`B--ZR©bx Zz‡j e‡j w`‡q‡Qv|Avi hv wKQzB _vK ev bv _vK, †`k e‡j wKQz _vK‡‡Z †bB Avgvi|Avgvi Rxeb †_‡K, Zzwg †`k, ü`q Lyu‡o wb‡q †M‡j AvgviB ¯^‡`k|

23.01.08

gy³v‡š^lv

72

Aa¨vcK ARq iv‡qi cÖeÜwU fxlY fv‡jv jvMj| K‡qKwU e¨vcv‡i Avgvi mvgvb¨ wKQz e³e¨ Av‡Q| Avwg iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcwbl`wfwËK †fŠZmËv wb‡q wKQz e³e¨ ivL‡Z PvB|†Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZvi †h e¨vL¨v Aa¨vcK ivq w`‡q‡Qb, †mUv‡K e‡j †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mbxq e¨vL¨v (bxjm †evi wQ‡jb †Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡b)ch©‡eÿY ch©‡eÿK wbi‡cÿ n‡Z cv‡i bv| ch©‡eÿ‡Yi ch©‡eÿK e¨ZxZ Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB| GUvB †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb e¨vL¨v|e¨vcviUv mvaviY eyw×‡Z †evaMg¨ nq bv| aiæb, c„w_exi GKevi Nyi‡Z mgq jv‡M 365.34 w`b| GUv wK KL‡bv n‡Z cv‡i, Avwg AvR gvcjvg 365 w`b, ciï b‡ib wgwËi gvc‡j †mUv j¤^v n‡q wM‡q ùvovj 367 w`b?e³eÜv Av‡iKUz †mvRv K‡i ewj| aiæb, mvB‡K¬vUª‡b GKUv B‡j±ªb e„ËvKv‡i Nyi‡Q| e„ËvKv‡i Nyi‡j wKQz Av‡jv wewKwiZ n‡e (B‡j±ªb †Nviv gv‡b Kv‡i›U cÖevwnZ

n‡”Q| ZvB †mUv G‡›Ubv n‡q wM‡q ZworPz¤^K Zi½ wewKiY Ki‡e|) Gevi aiæb, Avwg B‡j±ª‡bi fi ÔmÕ gvc‡Z †Mjvg; ev ZworPz¤^K Zi‡½i wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ ev K¤úv¼ Ô m Õ gvcjvg|aiv hvK, Avwg 100 evi GB ivwk `yÕwU (ÔmÕ ev Ô m Õ) gvcwQ| ÔmÕ ev Ô m Õ-Gi gvb mgvb _vKv DwPZ cÖ‡Z¨Kevi|†fŠZivwki gvb †h ch©‡eÿY wbi‡cÿ, GUv AbygvbB wQj wbDU‡bi hyw³ev‡ì wØZxq m~Î (wcÖwÝwcqv‡Z cÖKvwkZ)| e„nr f‡ii e¯‘i Rb¨ Zv me mgq †L‡U hvq| A_©vr wbDU‡bi aªæc`x (wPivqvZ) ejwe`¨v gvb‡Z †M‡j, GB 100 ev‡ii cÖ‡Z¨Kevi ÔmÕ Ges Ô m Õ Gi gvb mgvb _vKv DwPZ|mgm¨v n‡”Q, B‡j±ªb Lye †QvU, ZvB †Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZv bv jvMv‡j GB f‡ii ev K¤úv‡¼i cixÿvjä e¨vL¨v cvIqv hv‡e bv! Zvi gv‡bUv Kx? IB MRy †evm 10evi K¤úv¼ gvc‡j wK 10Uv gvb cvIqv hv‡e? GB `kUv gvb myKzgvi iv‡qi Av‡evj-Zv‡evj? ZvI bv| aiæb, B‡j±ª‡bi K¯úv¼ G †ÿ‡Î `k †gMvnv‡R©i KvQvKvwQ, `kevi ev nvRvievi gvc‡j GB gvb¸‡jv 10 †gMvnvR©+-1 wK‡jvnv‡R©i g‡a¨B _vK‡e| A_©vr MRyevey ev b‡Mbevey Avjv`v gvb †c‡jb e‡U, wKš‘ IB cøvm-gvBbvm GK wK‡jvnv‡R©i jÿY MwÊi evB‡i cÖvq wKQzB cv‡eb bv| GUv‡KB nvB‡Rbev‡M©i AwbðqZv e‡j| gv‡b B‡j±ªbUv gvZvj n‡q iv¯Ívq Pj‡Q e‡U, wKš‘ iv¯Ívi g‡a¨B gvZjvwg, iv¯Ív †Q‡o wb‡P bvg‡e bv|GUvB †Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZv| gRv n‡”Q, gvZvj B‡j±ª‡bi UjKv‡bv c‡_i fwel¨ZevYx Kivi MwYZ cvIqv hvq, wKš‘ †mB MwY‡Zi †cQ‡b †fŠZev¯ÍeZv wK Zv-B wb‡q †Mvjgvj ev‡a AvBb÷vBb I bxjm †ev‡ii g‡a¨|AvB÷vBb wb‡R †bv‡ej cÖvBR †c‡q‡Qb Av‡jvK Zwor wµqvi Ici, hv Avw` †Kvqv›Uvg Z‡Ë¡i weKv‡ki Rb¨ wQj ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ïay Zv-B bq, wZwb †Kvqv›Uvg †gKvwb‡·i MwY‡Zi IciI AZUv Av¯’v nvivbwb| ZvB nvB‡Rbev‡M©i g¨vwUª· g‡Wj ev †mªvwWsRv‡ii Zi½ mgxKiY- Dfq‡KB ¯^xKvi K‡i GB `yB e‡iY¨ weÁvbx‡K †bv‡ej cÖvB‡Ri Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ K‡iwQ‡jb|

Zv n‡j ÔAvBb÷vBb †Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZv gvb‡Z cv‡ibwbÕ, gv‡bUv Kx?gv‡b Dwb †Kvqv›Uvg †gKvwb‡·i MwY‡Zi †cQ‡b †h †fŠZev¯ÍeZv, Zvi †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb e¨vL¨v gvb‡Z cv‡ibwb| †Kvqv›Uvg †gKvwb‡·i mvdj¨ gv‡b wKš‘ †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb e¨vL¨vi mvdj¨ bq| Gi MwY‡Zi mvdj¨,

cvV‡Ki fv‡jvjvMv g›`jvMv ...

†Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZv AvBb÷vBb Ges iex›`ªbv_

wece cvj

gy³v‡š^lv

73

hv AvBb÷vBb A¯^xKvi K‡ibwb| †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mbxq e¨vL¨v wKš‘ AvR cÖvq AZxZ-†m‡K‡j| †ev‡ii my‡hvM¨ QvÎ nvB‡RbevM© †evSv‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb †h, Kvh©KviY w`‡q †Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZvi e¨vL¨v nq bv| G cÖm‡½ Zvui Dw³:Because all experiments are subject to the laws of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics definitely shows the invalidity of the causal laws.gv‡i †Mjg¨vb wjL‡Qb, †evi I nvB‡RbevM© GB Ò†fRvjÓ e¨vL¨v be cÖR‡b¥i weÁvbx‡ì g‡a¨ wecY‡b mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| dvBbg¨vb wj‡L‡Qb, †Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZvi mwZ¨B †Kvb e¨vL¨v nq bv| ev¯Íe mZÜv nj, Avgiv ïay MwYZUvB eywS, †Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZvUv eywS bv|ÔÔ I think I can safely say that no-one understands quantum mechanics... Do not keep asking yourself, if you can possibly avoid it, ``but how can it be like that?’’... Nobody knows how it can be like that.ÓAvBb÷vBb ïay we‡ivwaZv K‡i ÿvšÍ nbwb| 1935 mv‡j †evwim c‡`viw¯‹ Ges bv_vb †iv‡R‡bi mv‡_ ˆZwi Ki‡jb EPR Paradox, Ges †evSv‡Z mÿg n‡jb, †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb e¨vL¨v Avm‡jB Am¤ú~Y©| GLvb †_‡K †Kvqv›Uvg †gKvwb· `y‡Uv fv‡M †f‡½ †Mj: ¯’vbxq I A¯’vbxq| †mªvwWsRviI Zvi weL¨vZ weovj c¨vivW· ‰Zwi Ki‡jb, hvi gv‡b `vuovj †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb e¨vL¨v gvb‡Z †M‡j weovjUv †eu‡P Av‡Q bv g‡i †M‡Q, Zv wbf©i Ki‡e `k©‡Ki ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Ici-hv Aev¯Íe Kíbv| hv †nvK, †Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZvi Ici GL‡bv M‡elYv Pj‡Q Ges G e¨vcv‡i †Kvqv›Uvg Bbdi‡gwU·, †Kvivcm BZ¨vw` bvbvb wel‡qi AeZviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|†Kv‡cb‡n‡Mbxq e¨vL¨vUvB GLb Aewa A‡eva¨(!)| Z‡e Gi Ici wfwË K‡i Dcwbl‡ì †fŠZmËvi mv‡_ †Kvqv›Uvg ev¯ÍeZv‡K †MvuRvwgj I cÖjvc w`‡q †gjv‡bvi †Póv `yóeyw×-cÖ‡Yvw`Z| AšÍZ †MvUv `‡kK eB Avwg wb‡RB Rvwb, †hLv‡b Dcwbl‡ì ch©‡eÿK wbf©i ev¯ÍeZvi mv‡_ †Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡bi ch©‡eÿK wbf©i e¨vL¨v‡K †gjv‡bvi †Póv n‡q‡Q Ges nvB‡Rbev‡M©i AwbðqZv Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ Ôgvqvev`Õ‡K GK K‡i †`Lv‡bv nq| ¸Yai wn›`yZ¡ev`x c`v_©we` gyijx g‡bvni †hvkx gnvkq GK mg‡q G wel‡q cÖPzi †jKPvi w`‡Zb GUv cÖgvY Ki‡Z †h, †e`všÍ †Kvqv›Uvg mvwaZ êÁvwbK welq|

meUvB †h cÖjvc Ges D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z Zv ejvB evûj¨| wKš‘ Kwe †Kb G dvu‡` co‡jb? Ô AvgviB †PZbvi i‡OÕi cðv‡Z wK Dcwbl` Av‡Q †mUv †`Lv hvK| Av‡Îq Dcwbl‡ì Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡qi wKQz cvV †bIqv hvK| (g¨v·gyjvi)Who is he whom we meditate on as the self? Which is the self?that by which we see( form), that by which we perceive smell, that by which we utter speech, that by which we distinguish sweet ant not sweet, (1) and what comes from the heart and mind, namely, perception, command, understanding, knowledge, wisdom, seeing, holding, thinking, considering, readiness( or suffering), remembering, conceiving, willing,breathing, loving, desiring? 1A_©vr Avgv‡ì Bw›`ªqvbyf~wZ‡ZB ev¯ÍemËvi cÖKvk Ges ÔAns mËviÕ msÁv| Gi mv‡_ †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mbxq e¨vL¨v‡K †gjv‡Z †M‡j Avgv‡K gvbwmK fvimvg¨nxb n‡Z nq| †`vlUv Kwei bq, wKQz wn›`yZ¡ev`x c`v_©we‡ì, hviv Av‡Îq Dcwbl` I †Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡bi e¨vL¨v‡K Mywj‡q‡Qb| Ges Dcwbl‡ì AÜf³ Kwe †mUvB cÖKvk Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb nh‡Zvev- †K Rv‡b?2 AvBb÷vBb G Av‡jvPbvi Mfx‡i ZLb hvbwb, nq‡Zv f`ªZvi LvwZ‡i| bxjm‡ev‡ii weiæ‡× wKš‘ wZwb ïay mieB wQ‡jb bv, cixÿv mn‡hv‡M Zv‡K fyjI cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb|3g~j †jL‡Ki UxKv:1.cÖ_g Dcwbl`wUi cÖK…Z bvg ÔH‡Zwi‡qvcwbl`Õ, Av‡Îq bq| g¨v·gyjvi †_‡K D×„Zvs‡ki cÖvmw½K †h K_vMy‡jv g~j Dcwbl‡` ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi evsjv Abyev` Ki‡j `vuovq:Òhvunviv Avgiv ÔBwbI AvZ¥vÕ GBiƒc mvÿvrfv‡e Dcvmbv Kwi‡Z cÖe„Ë nBqvwQ, wZwb †K? hÏviv †jv‡K iƒc `k©b K‡i, hÏviv kã kªeY K‡i, hÏviv MÜ AvNÖvY K‡i, hÏviv bvgvw` cÖKvk K‡i, hÏviv ¯^v`y I A¯^v`y Av¯^v`b K‡i, (whwb †mB wewfbœ Dcjwäi KZ…©¯îƒc) wZwb(kªZz¨³) `yBwU AvZ¥vi g‡a¨ †KvbwU?( 3:1:1)ü`q I gb k‡ãi evP¨ GB AÜKvi GB AšÍtKiY PZzivwìƒ‡c wfbœ wfbœ fv‡M wef³| †PZbfve, cÖfzZ¡fve, KjvweÁvb cÖwZfv,aviYvkw³, wel‡qvcjwä, âh©, wPšÍv, wPšÍvwel‡q ¯^vZš¿¨, †ivMvw`RwbZ `ytL, mgRwZ, wbðq, Aaëmvq, cÖvYvwè„wË, welqZ…òv,

gy³v‡š^lv

74

g‡bvÁe¯‘i ¯úk© Kvgbv BZ¨vw` mg¯ÍB cÖÁvb¯îƒc AvZ¥vi JcvwaK bvg gvÎÓ (3:1:1) (Dcwbl` cÖeÜvejx, HZwi‡qvcwbl`, c„.353-55, ¯^vgx M¤¢xivb›`, D‡Øvab Kvh©vjqg, †KvjKvZv)2. Kwei weiæ‡× G Awf‡hvM h_v_© bq| AvBb÷vB‡bi mv‡_ Kwei AvjvcPvwiZvKv‡j ÔcÖK…wZ I †fŠZev¯ÍeZvÕ cÖm‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i e³‡eï mv‡_ Dcwbl‡ì D×„wZi †Kvb cÖvmw½KZv Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nq bv| Dcwbl‡ì D×„wZ‡Z AvZ¥vi GKwU cwiPq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q gvÎ| Ab¨w`‡K m‡Zï cÖK…wZ m¤^‡Ü iex›`ªbv‡_i mvi K_vwU wQj †h, mZ¨ ev wiqvwjwUi cÖK…wZ gvbe AwfÁZv m¤ú„³ I gvbe †PZbv D™¢~Z| Gi evB‡i hw` †Kvb mZ¨ †_‡KI _v‡K gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zvi Zvrch© †bB| ev¯ÍeZv nj gvbe Dcjwäi cÖKvk| G K_vwU Kwe cÖKvk Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb D×„Z KweZvwUi ga¨ w`‡q, GK Abycg fw½‡Z|3. †eviI cvëv hyw³ w`‡q AvBb÷vB‡bi wm×všÍ‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡i‡Qb evievi| G m¤^‡Ü †kl K_v ejvi mgq nqwb| eis AvaywbK Abykxjb I M‡elYv AvBb÷vBb‡K bq, †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mbxq e³e¨‡KB mg_©b w`‡”Q e‡j g‡b nq|

Ògy³v‡š^lvÓ wØZxq msL¨v AcÖZ¨vwkZ nv‡Z †c‡q Avwg †hgb PgwKZ, †Zgwb Avbw›`Z n‡qwQ| cwÎKvwU Zvr¶wYK D‡ë cv‡ë Gi iPbv¸‡jvi wk‡ivbvg c‡o eyS‡Z cvwi G †hb‡Zb cÖKv‡i `ª“Z cvV m¤úbœ Kievi g‡Zv bq| GwU co‡Z n‡e ax‡i my‡¯’ Mfxi g‡bvwb‡e‡ki mv‡_| welq êwP‡Î¨ ficyi Ôgy³v‡š^lvÕ †mfv‡eB mgq wb‡q cvV †k‡l fvejvg abëv`mnKv‡i Avgvi fvjjvMvUzKz m¤úv`K‡K wj‡L RvbvB|

Ôgy³v‡š^lvÕ Ggb GK e¨wZµgx cwÎKv †h cÖK…ZB cvVK‡K gyw³i A‡š¦lvq avweZ Ki‡e| Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU iPbvB AZ¨š— ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡klYag©x| cvVK‡K Zvi mgvR ms¯‹…wZ A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZ m¤ú‡K© bZzb wPš—vi †LvivK †RvMv‡e, we‡kl K‡i ag© welqK msk‡qi †Nvi KvwU‡q bZzb Av‡jvq (weÁvbwfwËK) cvV‡Ki ü`q-gb cÖ`xß Ki‡Z mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e e‡j Avgvi aviYv| Ôgy³v‡š^lvÕ cÖMwZgbv cvV‡Ki Z…òv †gUv‡e Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB, AvgviI ü`q †K‡o‡Q| Gi `yÕGKwU iPbvi K_v D‡jøL bv K‡i cviwQ bv| G Av‡jvPbv ev mgv‡jvPbv bq, †mªd Avgvi cÖwZwµqv|

Av‡bvqvi“jvn f~Bqv iwPZ ÒAvgv‡ì wkÿv eë¯’vq `vk©wbK msKUÓ GKwU we‡klYg~jK cÖeÜ| G‡Z Avgvi fvebviI wKQz cÖKvk †`L‡Z cvB| Z‡e mweb‡q AviI GKUz ej‡Z PvB, `vk©wbK msKU †Kej wk¶vq bq, mKj †¶‡ÎB GB msKU AvR cÖejfv‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|

`k©bwenxb Rxeb †hgb A_e©, iv‡óªi †¶‡ÎI ZvB, Z‡e nu¨v, wk¶v eë¯’vq `vk©wbK msKU †MvUv RvwZ‡K cP‡bv¤§yL K‡i Zzj‡Q| Kg‡iW gvI †mZzs e‡jwQ‡jb, Ògv‡Qi cPb ïi“ nq Zvi gv_v †_‡K Avi RvwZi cPb ïi“ nq Zvi bxwZ `k©bnxb wkÿv eë¯’v †_‡KÓ! cÖK…Zc‡¶ Av`k©MZ weÁvbwfwËK GKgyLx

Avgvi fv‡jvjvMv†eMg gykZvix kdx

cÖ_g el© : wØZxq msL¨v : Rvbyqvwi 2008

gy³v‡š^lv

75

wk¶vbxwZB cv‡i RvwZi †gav gbb I gw¯—®‹‡K Ee©i I gvbweK †eva I we‡eK‡K RvMªZ Ges †`k‡cÖ‡g RvwZ‡K D¾xweZ K‡i RvZxq Dbœqb NUv‡Z Ges cÖMwZkxj avivq ivóª I mgvR‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨, ¯^vaxbZvi muvBwÎk eQ‡iI Zv m¤¢e n‡q I‡Vwb| m¤¢e n‡q I‡Vwb e‡jB evOvjx i³¶qx, mk¯¿ gyw³‡hv×v K‡i †fŠMwjK ¯^vaxbZv AR©b Ki‡jI gyw³ cvqwb cyuwRev`x-A_©bxwZ Avi †fvMev`x ivR‰bwZK †kvlY cxob †_‡K| Avi gy³ bq e‡jB evOvjx DbœZ RvwZ wn‡m‡e wek¦ gq`v‡b k³ mej n‡q ùvov‡Z cv‡iwb Av‡Rv| ZvB mgvR Ry‡o ˆbwZK öjb †hgb `ª“Z N‡U P‡j‡Q, †Zgwb me †¶‡ÎB Av`©wkK I gvbweK msKU¸‡jv cÖKU n‡q DV‡Q| †jLK h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, evsjv‡`k mvgvwRK ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK GB wÎwea mgm¨vq Avµvš—| A_P iv‡óªi mvgwMÖK KvVv‡gv GB wZbwU Dcv`v‡bi wfwË‡ZB M‡o I‡V| Avwg g‡b Kwi G mgm¨v †_‡K DËiY KL‡bv ag©xq wk¶vi A‡jŠwKK wek¦vm Øviv m¤¢e bq, m¤¢e gvbe Kj¨vYgyLx weÁvbwfwËK wk¶v bxwZi ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g| †jLK‡K abëv`|

cwÎKvwUi cÖ_g iPbvv b„ZË¡ivbx mgvRweÁvbx gvM©v‡iU wgWÕi msw¶ß Rxebx Avgv‡K gy» K‡i‡Q| Kx fv‡e GKRb bvix Zvi Avcb cÖfvq wecyj cÖZ¨‡q GKvB Qz‡U‡Qb c„w_exi me©Î, GgbwK cÖkvš— gnvmvM‡ii Øxccy‡ÄI P‡j †M‡Qb b„ZË¡ M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z hv mwZ¨B we¯§qKi| G‡Z cÖgvwYZ nq †h c„w_ex‡Z Ggb wKQz †bB hv bvix Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖ‡qvRb ïay bvixi cÖwZ cyi“lZvwš¿K `„wófw½i GB mgv‡Ri cwieZ©b|

gvM©v‡iU wgW m¤ú‡K© Avgvi †Zgb Rvbv wQj bv| †jLK dwi` Avng`‡K abëv`| mvBdzi ingvb Zcb KvbmvU we‡`ªv‡ni BwZe„Ë cvV Kwi‡q Avgvi ¯§„wZ‡Z D¾¡j K‡i Zzj‡jb †mB w`b ¶Y mgq¸‡jv| ZLb cÖwZw`‡bi msev`c‡Îi cvZvq Avi wUwf P¨v‡bj¸‡jvi wgwb c`©vq cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i DwØMœwP‡Ë cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© fveZvg GB eywS cy‡iv †`kUvB KvbmvU n‡q DV‡jv Ô52, Ô68, 69, Ô90-Gi g‡Zvb| †Kbbv KvbmvUevmxi `vex †Zv wQj mviv †`kevmxiI `vex| ZvB Kvbmv‡Ui †mB jvMvZvi msMÖvg-Av‡›`vj‡bi ùzwj½ eywS Gevi mviv †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| `vevbj n‡q R¡‡j DV‡e Ges mKj Ab¨vq Awbq‡gi †eovRvj cywo‡q QviLvi K‡i AwaKvi Av`v‡qi bZzb w`Mš— D‡b¥vwPZ n‡e| wKš‘ Zv nqwb| wcÖq †`kwU GL‡bv AmsL¨ msK‡Ui Rv‡j Rwo‡q

Av‡Q| Z‡e Avwg gbxlx gvK©m Gi †mB K_vwU g‡b cÖv‡Y wek¦vm Kwi Ômgy‡`ªi GKwU †UD K~‡j G‡m AvQ‡o c‡o wcQ‡b Av‡iKwU †XD‡qi Rb¥ w`‡q|Õ

dvwiqv bvkwi‡bi Ôe›`x c„w_exÕ cÖZxKx Kvwnbx n‡jI Gi cÖwZwU Q‡Î wbg©g ev¯—e g~Z© n‡q D‡V‡Q| evsjv‡`k †Zv e‡UB, mviv we‡k¦i AmsL¨ bvix H cÖ‡jvwfZ †mvRv c‡_i nvZQvwbi †MvjK auvauvq c‡o Av‡jvi mÜv‡b NyicvK Lv‡”Q AvRI| wKš‘ cÖK…Z gyw³ †h Av‡Q GB AÜKv‡ii AuvKveuvKv `yM©g c‡_i kZ cÖwZeÜKZvi c‡iB G K_v KÕRb wek¦vm K‡i? Avi Ki‡jI †mB `„p g‡bvkw³ KÕRbvi Av‡Q †h †mB `yM©g c‡_i wK¬óZv mB‡Z cvi‡e? Z‡e dvwiqv e‡j‡Qb ÔwK¬óZv hZB _vKzK, RxebUv A‡bK my›ì, A‡bK eo, A‡bï †eu‡P †_‡K Zv‡ì euvPvi Drmvn n‡q _vKvUvB exi Mwe©Z ˆmwb‡Ki cÖZxK|Õ GgbwU Aek¨ AvwgI g‡b Kwi| Ôhxïi g„Zz¨: GKwU inm¨Õ wk‡ivbv‡gi †jLvwU †KviAvb I evB‡e‡ji wKQz As‡ki M‡elYvag©x cÖeÜ| cvVK‡K ag©xq AÜwek¦vm †_‡K gy³ Ki‡e Gi hyw³ev`x we‡klY| †jLK Iqvwn` †iRvi Kv‡Q ag©MÖš’mg~‡ni G ai‡bi wKQz wKQz As‡ki Ici M‡elYvag©x Av‡iv wKQz cÖeÜ cÖZ¨vkv iB‡jv|

gy³v‡š^lvÕi G msL¨vi cÖavb AvKl©Y `yÕwU e„nr mv¶vrKvi| cÖ_gwU ¯^qs m¤úv`K KZ©„K Ab~w`Z we‡k¦i `yB w`Kcvj, weÁvbx AvBb÷vBb I wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii g‡a¨ GK wbweo AvjvcPvwiZv hv g~jZ KwZcq ag©vejxi wbwi‡L †fŠZev¯—eZvi ZvwË¡K ch©v‡jvPbv| Avgvi mxwgZ Áv‡b GB †fŠZev¯—eZvi Mfx‡i †h‡Z bv cvi‡jI GB `yB w`Kcv‡ji AvjvcPvwiZvi wKQzUv imv¯^v`b Ki‡Z †c‡i Avb›` †c‡qwQ|c‡iiwUI m¤úv`K KZ©„K †bqv fv¯‹i wkíx †di‡`Šmx wcÖqfvwlbxÕi msMÖvgx Rxe‡bi ü`q¯úk©x mv¶vrKvi| ÔRxebhy‡× Aciv‡Rq GK exi bvixi gy‡LvgyLx wk‡ivbv‡gi GB mv¶vrKviwU Avgv‡KI wb‡q †Mj †mB GKvË‡i| Ges ARmª ¯§„wZi gy‡LvgyLx ùvo Kiv‡jv| ¯§„wZgMœ †Pv‡L fvm‡Q †mB fqven w`b ivwÎ¸‡jv| Pvwiw`‡K ARmª aŸs‡mi wPý| c‡o Av‡Q hÎZÎ jvk Avi jvk| Zvi gv‡S c‡o _vKv `yÕGKwU g„Z e„‡¶i KvÊ ev kvLv| Zv‡Z g~Z© n‡q IVv †Kv‡bv wPÎ, Avgvi g‡Zvb mvavi‡Yi †Pv‡L c‡o bv| wKš‘ `„wó Kv‡o hy×-wbh©vwZZv GK bvixi| kZ wbh©vZ‡bi gv‡SI wZwb †`L‡Z cvb g„Z e„‡¶i kix‡i bvbw›`K wkí| †Kbbv Zvi wfZi i‡q‡Q GK AmvaviY wkí cªwZfv hv Zuv‡K

gy³v‡š^lv

76

hy‡×i me Kó †e`bv cÖme hš¿Yv-KvZi igYxi g‡Zvb †VuvU Kvg‡o m‡q hvIqvi kw³ RywM‡q‡Q| wZwb m„wó K‡i P‡j‡Qb g„Z e„‡¶i kixi Ry‡o Abycg fv¯‹h© wkíKg©| Avi †mB Avcb m„wói w`‡K ZvwK‡q fz‡j‡Qb hy×w`‡bi mKj hvZbv wK¬óZvÑMvwb|

GB wkígMœ †di‡`Šmx bb †Kv‡bv mvgvb¨v bvix, bb †Kv‡bv e¨w³ gvbyl| †hb wZwb me©smnv awiÎx| cy‡iv evsjv‡`k‡K aviY K‡i Av‡Qb g‡b-cÖv‡Y me©v‡½| cÖK…ZB wZwb Aciv‡Rq wKse`š—x| Zuv‡K wb‡e`b Kwi Aš—‡ii MfxiZg kª×v| †mB mv‡_ Amxg kª×v RvbvB Zuvi gnrcÖvY ¯^vgx Rbve Avnmvbyjøvn mv‡ne‡K|

g‡b co‡Q gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb GK mÜ¨vq KjKvZvq wmAvBwU †iv‡W evsjv‡`‡ki †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi wKse`š—x †bÎx kªxgwZ Bjv wg‡Îi d¬¨vU evwo‡Z GK N‡ivqv êV‡Ki K_v| †mw`b êV‡K Av‡jvPbvi welq wQj ¯^‡`‡k gyw³hy× Ges fwel¨‡Zi evsjv‡`k| GK ch©v‡q Avwg kª‡×q i‡Yk `vÕi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQjvg ¯^vaxbZv DËi GB wecyj msL¨K hy×-wbh©vwZZv †g‡q‡ì wK n‡e? i‡Yk`v K‡É Kbwd‡WÝ G‡b SU K‡i DËi w`‡qwQ‡jb, Ô†Kb? gyw³‡hv×vivB Zv‡ì we‡q K‡i mvgvwRK gh©v`v

†`‡e!Õ i‡Yk`v `„p Av¯’v wb‡q K_vUv ej‡jI †Kb Rvwb Avwg AZUv wbwðZ n‡Z cvwiwb| Z‡e cvëv †Kv‡bv cÖkœI Kwiwb| †Kej g‡bi wfZ‡i mskq †_‡K wM‡qwQj| ¯^vaxbZv DËi Avgvi †mB mskq wg‡_¨ nqwb| †Kbbv ¯^vaxbZvi GKUv eQ‡iI †kvbv hvqwb †Kv‡bv gyw³‡hv×v †¯^”Qvq mvb‡›` †Kv‡bv hy×- wbh©vwZZv †g‡q‡K we‡q K‡i mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| GB mv¶vrKv‡i Rvbjvg e¨wZµg e¨w³ kª‡×q Avnmvbyjøvn Avn‡g‡ì K_v| wZwb hy×-wbh©vwZZv †di‡`Šmx‡K mvb‡›` Rxebmv_x wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i Aby`vi `vw¤¢K cyiæl mgv‡R weij `„óvš— ¯’vcb K‡i Abb¨ n‡q‡Qb| ¯^v¶i †i‡L‡Qb gvbeZvi †kªô‡Z¡i| wZwbB cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖwgK exi gyw³‡hv×v| wZwb †MvUv RvwZi Kv‡Q kª‡×q n‡q _vK‡eb| Zuv‡K wb‡e`b Kwi mkª× Awfev`b|

gy³v‡š^lvÕi Ab¨vb¨ †jLv¸‡jvI Ávb mg„× myLcvV¨| GK K_vq ej‡ev, gy³v‡š^lv weÁvbgb¯‹ gy³wPš—vi cvVK‡ì Rb¨ Ag„Z| AvR mgvR Ry‡o †hfv‡e †eva we‡eKk~b¨ †fvMev`x gvbwmKZvi we¯—vi N‡U P‡j‡Q, Zv †iva Ki‡Z G ai‡bi cwÎKvi eo †ewk cÖ‡qvRb| GB mg‡q Ggb GKwU cwÎKv Dcnvi †`qvi R‡b¨ Gi cwiPvjbv I m¤úv`bv cl©`‡K Awfb›`b I abëv`| Kvgbv Kwi gy³v‡š^lvi ¯’vwqZ¡ I e¨vcK cÖPvi|

wk¶v-hyw³-weÁvb-ms¯‹„wZ welqK

lvb¥vwmK cwÎKvGgivb Kwei

Ôwk¶v, hyw³, weÁvb, gvbeZv †nvK Avgv‡ì Av‡jvKewZ©KvÕÑG †kvMvb I Avkvev`‡K †PZbvq jvjb K‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q lvb¥vwmK cwÎKv gy³v‡š^lv| ïay Av¶wiK A‡_©B bq, cÖK„Z A‡_©B gy³v‡š^lv GKwU e¨wZµgag©x cwÎKv| dwi`

gy³v‡š^lv

77

Avn‡g‡ì ÔgvM©v‡iU wgW : b„Z‡Ë¡i ivYxÕ iPbvwU cwÎKvwUi cÖ‡ek M`¨| gvM©v‡iU wgW bvixev‡ì cÖe³v bv n‡jI wZwb wQ‡jb cÖviw¤¢K bvixev`x‡ì Ab¨Zg| eZ©gvb, AZxZ, GgbwK Zvi mgmvgwqK A‡bK bvixev`xi m‡½ wQj my¯úó gZv‰bK¨| cÖPwjZ bvixev‡ì GKwU cÖPwjZ aviv ev aviYv n‡jv biwe‡Ølx g‡bvfve I Kvh©c×wZ MÖnY Kiv| gvM©v‡iU wgW G aviYvq wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv| wZwb mgv‡Ri ˆjw½K f~wgKv cwieZ©‡bi c¶cvZx wQ‡jb| dwi` Avn‡g` bvixev‡ì cwiKvVv‡gvi m‡½ wi‡Wi b„ZvwË¡K aviYvi Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb PgrKvifv‡e| c‡ii M`¨wU Ôcj KvR©Õ -Gi Ô†Kb Avwg mskqev`xÕ| Abyev` K‡i‡Qb Rv‡n` Avn‡g` I AwfwRr ivq| weÁvb I `k©‡bi m‡½ msk‡qi i‡q‡Q Mfxi m¤úK©| †mB m¤ú‡K©i m~Î a‡i †jLK †`wL‡q‡Qb mskqev`x‡ì Ck¦i msµvš— g‡bvfve| †`wL‡q‡Qb †gŠjev`x‡ì m¤úK©| ARq ivq wj‡L‡Qb Ô†fŠZ ev¯—eZv : AvBb÷vBb I iex›`ªbv_Õ bv‡g M`¨| AvBb÷vBb I iex›`ªbv‡_i K‡_vcK_b e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q cÖ_‡gB wZwb Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb AvB÷vB‡bi Ô†fŠZ ev¯—eZvi ZË¡Õ wb‡q| Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb †fŠZ ev¯—eZvi cÖK…wZ, AvBb÷vB‡bi †gŠwjK bxwZ, ¯’~j RMr I AvYyex¶wYK RM‡Zi Ø›Ø wb‡q| iwe VvKzi m¤ú‡K© AvBb÷vB‡bi e³e¨ Kx wQj Ges AvBb÷vBb m¤ú‡K© iwe VvKz‡ii Kx aviYv wQj, †m wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb wZwb| Zvici cvIqv hvq Kvw•¶Z K‡_vcK_b| ÔAvgv‡ì wk¶v eë¯’vq `vk©wbK msKUÕ wk‡ivbv‡g M`¨ wj‡L‡Qb Av‡bvqvi“jvn f~uBqv| G‡Z wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb wk¶vi m‡½ KwZcq cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi m¤úK© †Kgb nIqv DwPZ| `k©b, wk¶v c×wZ, ivRbxwZ, mš¿vm I g~j¨‡eva, ag©, ag©xq wk¶v, gvby‡li AvZ¥wek¦vm cÖf…wZ wel‡qi m‡½ wk¶vi m¤úK© Kx Ges m¤úK©wU †Kgb nIqv DwPZ, †m wel‡q wZwb PgrKvi wj‡L‡Qb| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, wk¶v GKwU mvgwMÖK eë¯’v| wk¶v `k©b n‡jv †mB eë¯’vi GK ai‡bi Av`wk©K wb‡`©kbv| fv¯‹i †di‡`Šmx wcÖqfvwlYxi GKwU mv¶vrKvi Qvcv n‡q‡Q| mv¶vrKvi wb‡q‡Qb ARq ivq| K_vq K_vq D‡V G‡m‡Q Zvi wkíx Rxe‡bi K_v, †QvU‡ejvi K_v, wk¶v Rxe‡bi K_v, msMÖvgx Rxe‡bi K_v| D‡V G‡m‡Q GKvË‡ii `ytmn ¯§„wZ| †k‡l Qvcv n‡q‡Q †di‡`Šmx wcÖqfvwlYx‡K †jLv A¤vb `‡Ëi A‡bK KÕwU wPwV| KvbmvU we‡`ªvn

wb‡q wj‡L‡Qb mvBdzi ingvb Zcb| KweZv wj‡L‡Qb †nvmvBb Kwei| AwfwRr iv‡qi ÔAv‡jv nv‡Z Pwjqv‡Q Auvav‡ii hvÎxÕ MÖš’wU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb webq eg©Y| Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri i‡Ü« i‡Ü« i‡q‡Q cðvrc`Zvi eû Qvc| eûwea KviYB Gi Rb¨ `vqx| i“× wPš—v, AÜwek¦vm, cÖkœnxb AvbyMZ¨, ag©xq Kzms¯‹vi, A_©nxb cÖ_v cvj‡b Ø¨_©nxbZv, cÖkœwe× gvbweKZv, weÁvb wel‡q `vi“Y AÁZv cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y Avgiv mvs¯‹…wZK-cÖwZeÜx| Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j c_ wewbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb wbiv‡eM hyw³, weÁvbgb¯‹Zv, Mfxi we‡klY, wfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wPš—vi Av‡jvKcvZ, Z‡eB bv iwPZ n‡e my›ì AvMvgx Ges AvMvgxi gvbyl| GKwU cwÎKv DwjwLZ e¨vcvi¸‡jvi `vq GKvB enb Kivi ¶gZv iv‡L bv, wKš‘ Dm‡K w`‡Z cv‡i| Ôgy³v‡š^lvÕ †mB Dm‡K †`qvi `vq Kuv‡a Zz‡j wb‡q‡Q| GwU Kg K_v bq|

‰`wbK mgKvj 4 GwcÖj, 2008

gy³v‡š^lv

78

Aa¨vcK ARq ivq wjwLZ ÔAvw` evOvwj t b„ZvwË¡K I mgvRZvwË¡K we‡klYÕ (evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1g cÖKvk ˆR¨ô 1404/ Ryb 1997) wegy»Ki GKwU M‡elYv MÖš’| evOvwj mËvi A‡š^l‡b G we‡klYx M‡elYv evOvwji †`kKvj-RvwZZ¡, fvlv-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ welqK c~e©vci bvbvR‡bi M‡elYvi mxgve×Zv‡K AwZµg K‡i‡Q e‡j Avgvi aviYv| we‡klZt Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q evOvwji Drm mÜv‡b t eY©ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbv, PZz_© c‡e©i wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi Avw` evOvwj †_‡K be¨ evOvwj t GKwU mvgwMÖK Av‡jvPbv Ges Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡qi †kl K_v t f~LÊ evsjv‡`k, RbRvwZ I mf¨Zv ms¯‹…wZ Ñ GB Av‡jvPbv mg~n w`K wb‡`©kK| †kl c‡e©i †kl Aa¨v‡q (c„ 212) ag©vš—iKiY wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q †jLK cÖPwjZ aviYvi wecix‡Z Amxg ivq (The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal, Princeton 1983 ) †h me hyw³i AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb, Zv mwbœ‡ek K‡i Zš‘Rxex (wn›`y †_‡K †eŠ× Ges †eŠ× †_‡K gymjgvb A_ev wn›`y †_‡K gymjgvb) †Rvjv m¤cÖ`v‡qi MYag©vš—i MÖn‡Yi HwZnvwmKZv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| G ch©v‡q Richard Eatons (The Rise of Islam and Bengal Frontier, Berkley 1996) KvR K‡i‡Qb|

AZtci †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q webxZ wRÁvmv| m¤cÖ`vqMZfv‡e †Rvjviv wn›`y A_ev †eŠ× Zš‘evq †_‡K ag©vš—wiZ n‡q‡Q, Ggb gZ we‡klÁR‡bi|

1. KviY wK ? eªvþY¨ wbcxob A_ev be a‡g©i AvKl©YxqZv ? A_P G Drcv`K †kªYx †Zv Bmjvg ag©xq mvg¨vkªq †c‡jI c~e©vci †gnbZx ¯^-RxweKvq wbiZ, mvgvwRK myweav

ewÂZB i‡q †Mj| 2.†Rvjv‡ì mv‡_ Ab v̈b¨ gymjgvb‡ì êevwnK

m¤úK© mvaviYZ nq bv Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv Zv‡ì cÖwZ Ab¨‡ì Zxh©K`„wó †Kb ? G cÖm‡½ weL¨vr HwZnvwmK Bidvb nvwee (fvi‡Zi BwZnvm cÖm‡½) e‡j‡Qb, eªvþY¨ `vm kªwgK †hgb ZuvZx, KmvB, bvwcZ hviv Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡i Kvwgb †kªYxfy³ n‡qwQj, e„nËi gymjgvb mgv‡R Zviv eªvþY¨ mgv‡Ri gZB Avrivd ev A”Qyr n‡qB iBj|

3. B v̀wbs †KD †KD ej‡Qb †h, bv_/†èbv_ cèxavix wke‡MvÎxq wn›`yiv Avm‡j cÖ”Qbœ †eŠ× (Ges evDjivI) GK_v e‡jb Avng` kixd (evOvjx I evsjv mvwnZ¨)| Zviv cªvMvh© k~bëv`x ev cÖvK †eŠ×, cÖwZev`x I wbgœeM©xq ag©vej¤^x evDj m¤cÖ`vq I †Rvjv m¤cÖ`vq Ñ GB Îqx Rb‡Mvôx HwZwn¨Kfv‡e GK`jxq| Gi mgvRZvwË¡K e¨L¨v wK ?

4.‡KŠwjb¨ cÖ_vq mr k~`ª = êk¨ e‡Y©i bqwU (c‡i RvZzrK‡l© Av‡iv cuvPwU) Drcv`K I eëmvqx †kªYx wb‡q bekvKfy³‡ì g‡a¨ Zš‘Rxexiv cvj ivRv‡ì mg‡q cwðg fviZ †_‡K AvMZ Ges ¯^-m¤cÖ`v‡qi cy‡ivwnZ †kªYxi i“`ªR eªvþY e‡j bv_ cèxiv `vex K‡ib| mvaviYZ Giv hyMx (†hvMx) m¤cÖ`vq e‡j wPwýZ, ivRv ejvj †m‡bi AwePv‡i bvwK †eŠ× mnRvbx n‡q hvb A_ev AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡ib A_ev †`kvš—ix nb| G wel‡q mgvRweÁvbxq Av‡jvPbv ìKvi| w`jx †_‡K wm‡jU ch©š— wÎf~R A¼b Ki‡j †h GjvKv Kíbv Kiv hvq Z` AÂ‡ji ZuvZxiv bvwK GK‡hv‡M ag©vš—wiZ nq| Zviv eªvþY¨ †eŠ×-ag© kvm‡bi cÖwZ GZ weiƒc †Kb ? ZuvZx wbevm¸wj †hgb kvwš—cyi, ZuvZxeÜ, bvivqYMÄ, Uv½vBj ... Ges Zv cÖvqkt b`x ZUeZ©x (b`xi Aven wK fvj my‡Zv ˆZwii Rb¨ ìKvi †nZy ?) GiI f~-cÖvK…wZK KviY wbðq Abym‡Üq|

MÖš’Kvi h_vh_fv‡e eY©‡f` cÖ_vi †bc_¨ KviY wn‡m‡e cÖL¨vZ `vk©wbK M‡elK †èxcÖmv`

cy¯—‡Ki RM‡Z

wegy»Ki GKwU M‡elYv MÖš’

wgjb miKvi

gy³v‡š^lv

79

P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi (†jvKvqZ `k©b) UªvBevj mgv‡Ri Amgvß we‡jvc ZË¡wU D‡jL K‡i‡Qb (c„ 143)| †MvÎ †h †Uv‡Ug †m wel‡q cwÊ‡Ziv GKgZ| evsjv‡`‡k, cÖavbZ c~e©e‡½ †eŠ× ag©vwaKvi cÖej wQj, KviY G AÂj wQj wcwQ‡qcov gvbyl Aay¨wlZ Avi wbR©b R‡bi Kv‡Q †eŠ× ag©v`k© wQj eªvþY¨ a‡g©i AZ¨vPvi †_‡K †invB cvevi Avkªq| Bidvb nvwee G cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb, eªvþY¨ a‡g©i ewYK, êk¨ m¤cÖ`v‡qi gZ †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖmviI êk¨ m¤cÖ`vq A_©‰bwZK cywó`vb K‡iwQj| eªvþY¨ a‡g©i eY©‡f`‡K †eŠ× a‡g© A¯^xKvi Ki‡jI eªvþY¨ a‡g©i Kg©ev` I cybR©b¥ev`‡K wfwË Kivq GwU cÖKvivš—‡i eY©ev`‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡qwQj, Ggb wK Bmjvg eY©‡f`‡K ¯^xKvi bv Ki‡jI GB cÖm‡½ Zv bxie †_‡K‡Q KviY Zv‡Z Zvi AMÖvwfhvb mnR n‡q‡Q|

evOvwjRb m„wó‡Z fvlvi †h myMfxi Zvrch© Zv wb‡q AvRI †Zgb mgvRZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbv nq wb (c„ 209)| Rb I RvwZ m„wói †h c~e©kZ© †m wel‡q evsjv Z_v fvi‡ZwZnv‡m AvRI ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR nq wb (c„ 210)| MÖvgwfwËK I RvwZwfwËK mgvR eë¯’v evsjv Z_v fviZxq BwZnv‡m AvRI Awe‡kwlZ (c„ 210)| G meB †jL‡Ki DÌvwcZ †hŠw³K cÖkœgvjv| Z‡e MÖvgwfwËK mf¨Zvi BwZnvm ch©v‡q m›Øxc gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi ÔMÖvg evsjvi Avw`ce© t Mob I BwZnvmÕ ¯§Z©e¨|

‡jL‡Ki DÌvwcZ G mgm¨v¸‡jv MÖnY‡hvM¨ Ges cÖvRwb¥K M‡elYv mv‡c¶|

c~‡e©³ †KŠwjb¨ cÖ_v‡K †KD †KD e‡jb †h, Zv DËi fvi‡Zi K‡bŠR †_‡K wenv‡ii wgw_jv Ges †mLvb †_‡K evsjvq cÖmvwiZ nq KviY i¶Ykxj wenvi RvZcv‡Zi De©i GjvKv (`x‡bkP›`ª miKvi t mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm cÖm½)| Avevi G‡`kxq‡ì †_‡K bevMMZ‡ì ¯^vZš¿¨ i¶‡YB †KŠwjb¨ cÖ_vi m„wó| (gvwK©b mgvR weÁvbx R. Inden: Marriage and Rank in Bengali Culture, New Delhi 1976)|

GK mgq Ki, wgÎ, ai, cèxavixivI (cèxi ms¯‹…wZI ‡eŠ×fvev`k©, GK_v e‡jb bxnviiÄb ivq, ev½vjxi BwZnvm Avw` ce©) eªvþY wQj, Aevi †eŠ×vqb †_‡K RvZzrK‡l© AeªvþYI eªvþY n‡Z †c‡i‡Q (nicÖmv` kv¯¿x iPbv mgMÖ, Z…Zxq LÊ, w¶wZ‡gvnb †mb t RvwZ‡f`)| ¯^cœv fÆvPvh©

(b‡i›`ªbv_ fÆvPv‡h©i fvi‡Zi RvwZeY©cÖ_vi Av`‡j) e½xq mgv‡R RvwZeY© cÖ_v (ga¨hy‡M evsjvi mgvR I ms¯‹…wZ) kxl©K †jLvq e‡j‡Qb, G bgbxqZvi cðv`f~wg nj evsjvi b`xeûjZv I ag©wek¦v‡mi eûgywLZv Ges mwnòzZvi Kvi‡YB eY©‡f` we‡ivax MY Av‡›`vjb nq wb| Z‡e H bgbxqZv †Zv mKj Z_v Avh© ag©‡KI Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq, hLb Zv bZzb bZzb GjvKvq we¯—vwiZ nq| wVK †eŠ× a‡g©i Pv‡c eªvþY¨ ag©‡KI †Zgb fv‡eB bgbxq n‡Z nq| c~‡RvcPvi, gw›ì ¯’vcb, Zx_©ågY, fvMeZx m‡¤§jb G meB †Zv j¶Ÿxqfv‡e †eŠ× ms¯‹…wZ mÄvZ| Gi wK †Kvb A_©‰bwZK e¨L¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv ?

†jL‡Ki cÖwZ tgZv`‡k©i w`K †_‡K we‡kl `„wóf½xi (hyw³ev`x, weÁvbgb¯‹ I gy³eyw×i) gvbyl Avcwb weavq Avgv‡ì kª‡×q| AveviI Avcbvi G M‡elYv MÖš’wUi (A_©g~‡jï w`K †_‡K myjf n‡jI) Avš—m¤ú` Ag~j¨ GK_v webxZfv‡e RvbvB| cwi‡k‡l GKwU Aby‡iva, eZ©gv‡b eBwU `yj©f| Avcwb wK AbyMÖn K‡i Gi wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKv‡k D‡`¨vMx n‡eb- evsj‡`‡ki ARmª cvVK DcK…Z n‡e|

e¨¯—Zg gvbyl Avcwb, ZeyI Avgvi G AwKwÂrKi Av‡jvPbvi DËi †èvi mgq Avcbvi n‡e G Avkv †i‡L kª×v Rvwb‡q †kl Kwi|

25. 07. 08

Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’ t ÔAvw` evOvwj t b„ZvwË¡K I mgvRZvwË¡K we‡klYÕ, ARq ivq, evsjv †Kv‡Wgx, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk ˆR¨ô 1404/Ryb 1997| ----------------------------mgv‡jvPK Kzwóqv †Rjvi GKRb AemicÖvß wk¶K| wVKvbv t 22, wR ‡K K‡jvwb, Kzwóqv -700

gy³v‡š^lv

80

Documents

gy³v‡š^lv€¦ · cwÎKv MÖvn ‡Ki Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv n‡e| gy³v‡š^lv GKwU wk¶v-hyw³-weÁvb welqK lvb¥vwmK cÖKvkbv Gi MÖvnK †nvb, wbqwgZ co–b eQ‡ii †h †Kvb