140

15. John A. Goldsmith, Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology, p. 246-

247.

nfXnkJ/ gzitK

gzikph dh uZeoh X[Bh ftT[As

uZeoh X [Bh ftT [As Pkpfde X [Bh ftT [As s'A nr bk gVk j? i ' rfjB ;zo uBk d/

nw{o s gZy (o {ghw) B{z nkX ko pDk e/ ;sjh ;zo uBk d / o {g ftu g/P eo d h j?.

uZeoh X [Bh ftT [As ftu Ppd K d / X [Bhnkswe gZXo B{z fJ; so QK d /fynk i Kdk j? fe

T [j ;kX ko B i kgD bZr i Kd / jB. fJ;d / bJh Ppd d h ;sjh ;zouBk *s/

X [Bhnkswe fB:w bkr{ ehs/ i Kd / jB fi ; ;zpzX h d ' ;tkb T [~md / jBl

1H fB:w fe; so QK bkr{ j[zd / jB<

2H rfjB ;zo uBk d / o uBKr (constitutes) eh jB<

u"w;eh ns/ jkb/ d / The Sound Pattern of English (1968) ftu uZeo fJe

wjZstg{o B G{fwek fBGkT [Ad k j?. go Brame (197 4) B/ gfjbh tko fJ; rzGho B[es/

*s/ T [Arbh T [mkJh fe Ppd fJe fJekJh (unit) j? i ' i [Vt/A s"o s/ ekoi eod h j? ns/

fJj r[Deko h uZeoh (benign cyclicity) o kjhA j'Ad rq fjD eo dh j?,1 fi t/Al

o {ghw d h rfjB g/Peko h

X [BhftT [Ase fB:w (d pk)

[Ppd ^1]

tX /so h gqfefo nk

[Ppd ^1] tX /so

141

X [BhftT [Ase fB:w (T [go 'es tKr)

[[Ppd ^1] tX /so] Ppd 2

fJ; B{z T [d kjo B o kjhA fJzi g/P ehsk i k ;ed k j?l

o {ghw d h rfjB g/Peko h

[tX]

[t\X] Jh tX /so

[[t\X] Jh] tXh

[[t\X h] e]

[tX h\e]

The Sound Pattern of English w[skpe fB:w fJe fBPfus Yzr ns/ fJe

fBPfus eqw ftu bkr{ j[zd / jB. no Eks fJe s'A pkd d {i k fco shi k. fi t/A

T [go 'es w[skpe gfjbK o {ghw ftu d pk dh ;fEsh ^$t n\ d $ $n$ *s/ j? go tX /so

$Jh$ s/ fco $e$ bZrD Bkb d pk $n $ ^> $Jh$ s/ nk frnk ns/ tX ^> tX h ^>

tX he pD frnk. Ppd o uBk fJe uZeoh gqfefonk o kjhA j'Ad ftu nkJh j?.

142

X [Bh ftT [Ase bVhnK d k fJe YKuk j[zd k j?. fJ; B{z T [d kjo B o kjhA ;gPN

ehsk i k ;ed k j?. fJ; bJh d ' Ppd b?Ad / jk ^ i wksh , nBgVQsk. iwksh

nBgVQsk B{z fJeZm/ BKt t kezP d / o {g ftu b?Ad / j'J/l

(T ) [[i wksh]BKt [nBgVQsk]BKt ]BKt tkezP

j[D fJBQK B{z nr'A S'N / ;ko Ee yzvK ftu fJ; gqeko tzvd / jKl

fJ; bJh gfjbK Ppd i wksh b?Ad / jK

[[i wks]BKt O Jh]

j[D d {i k Ppd nBgVQsk b?Ad / jKl

[[nBgVQ]ftH O sk]BKt

j[D nBgVQ B{z fco nr'A ; ko Ee N 'fN nK ftu tzfvnk i k ;ed k j?l

[[nB n r/so[gVQ]fe ]ftH

fJ; so QK g{o / BKt tkezP B{z fJ; gqeko g/P ehsk i k ;ed k j?l

[[[i wks] Jh] [[nB [gVQ]] sk]]BKt tke zP

fJ;/ so QK fJe j'o T [d kjoB ‘GkJhuko e ;KMhtkbsk’ o kjhA th ;gPN ehsk i k

;ed k j?. fJ; bJh gfjbK Ppd ‘GkJhuko e’ b?Ad / jKl

(n) [[GkJhuko]BKt ^e fgH]BKt

j[D GkJhuko B{z fco nr'A ;ko Ee N 'fN nK ftu tzfvnk i k ;ed k j?l

[[GkJh]BKt ^uko fgH]BKt

j[D ‘;KMhtkbsk’ Ppd B{z b?Ad / jK,

143

[[;KMhtkb]ftH ^sk]BKt

‘;KMhtkb’ d / nr'A ;ko Ee N 'N /l

[[;KMh]BKt ^tkb fgH]ftH

j[D ;KMh B{z nr'A fco ;koEe N 'fN nK ftu tzfvnk ik ;ed k j?l

[[;KM]BKt ^Jh]BKt

fJ; so QK g{o / BKt tkezP B{z fJ; gqeko g/P ehsk i k ;ed k j?l

[[[GkJh] uko]e] [[[[;KM] Jh] tkb] sk]BKt tke zP

BKt tkezP d h so QK BKt B{z th fJ; gqeko g/P ehsk i k ;ed k j?l

(T ) [ephbd ko h]BKt

[[ephbd ko]ftH ^Jh]BKt

[[[ephb]Xks{ ^d ko]ftH ^Jh]BKt

(n) [;zgo d kfJesk]BKt

[[;zgo d kfJe]ftH ^sk]BKt

[[[;zgod k]BKt ^fJe]ftH ^sk]BKt

fB:w ;sjh gZXo *s/ bkr{ ehs/ i Kd / jB. fB:w bkr{ eo B d hnK d ' ;fEshnK jB,

fi BQK o kjhA Ppd d h ftT [sgsh B{z d /fynk i k ;ed k j?l

144

(1) g{o h bVh fB:wK d k ftPk j? Bk fe ;ko Ee yzv (constituent)

(2) ;ko Ee yzv d / YKu/ o kjhA ftT [sgs (derivation) nr/ tZX d k j?.2

BKt ‘ephbd ko h ’ B{z o {g fd qP o kjhA g/P ehsk i k ;ed k j?l

BKt

ftP/PD

ephb O d ko O Jh

O wko e o {ghw dhnK jZd K B{z d o ;kT [Ad k j?.

T [go 'es gfjb/ ftebg o kjhA ftT [sgsh fJ; gqeko j?l

ephb O d ko O Jh

fB:w T

n

J

fJ;d k Gkt j? fe g{oh bVh B{z fJeZfmnK jh g/P ehsk i kDk j?, Bk fe ‘ephb’

B{z. fco fB:w T , n, J fJe fBPfus eqw ftu bkr{ ehs/ i kDr/. fJj X [Bh

ftT [Ase fB:w jB fi BQK ftu d pk nkfd B{z d /fynk i Kd k j?.

d {i / ftebg o kjhA ;ko Ee yzv d k YKuk fJ; so QK ftT [sgs (derived) j[zd k j?

fe fJ; ftu to sh rJh frDsh ;ko Ee yzvK B{z d o;kT [Ad h j?.

145

[[[ephb]1 d ko]2 Jh]3

fJ; B{z ;N /i K o kjhA fJ; gqeko d o ;kfJnk i k ;ed k j?l

;N /i 1L ;ko Ee yzv (constituent) (1) ephb

fB:w T

n

J

;N /i 2L ;ko Ee yzv (2) ephbd ko

fB:w T

n

J

;N /i 3L ;ko Ee yzv (3) ephbd koh

fB:w T

n

J

146

d {i / ftebg ftu ;ko Ee yzv B{z jo gVk *s/ ftT [sgs ehsk i k fo jk j? ns/

X [Bh ftT [Ase fB:w fJe' jh eqw ftu jo gVk *s/ bkr{ ehs/ i k o j/ jB. fJ; so QK

ftT [sgs (derivation) d / ;zrmB B{z uZeo h ns/ ftP/P ;N /i ftu ftT [sgsK

(derivations) B{z uZeo fejk i Kd k j?. fJ; gqeko d {i / ftebg ftu 3 uZeo jB.

jo uZeo ftu fJe ;koEe yzv ns/ jo uZeo ftu bkr{ j'D tkb/ fB:w B{z i ' jo

tko bkr{ j[zd / jB, uZeoh fB:w fejk i Kd k j?. d {i / fB:wK B{z T [so uZeoh (post

cyclic)fejk i Kd k j? ns/ fJj g{o h bVh *s/ fJe tko jh bkr{ j[zd / jB. i /e o bVh

d k fJe fjZ;k X [Bh ftT [Ase gqfefo nk ftu j't/ sK T [; ;w/A T [so uZeo h (post cyclic)

bkr{ BjhA j[zd k.

n;b ftu X [Bh ftT [Ase xN e ftu fB:wK d / d ' fjZ;/ (blocs) pDd / jB ^

uZeoh ns/ T [so uZeo h fB:w. d 'BK fB:wK d / nkgD/ nkgD/ fBy/V{ ;?~N j[zd / jB.

uZeoh fB:w S'N / s'A tZv/ ;ko Ee yzv *s/ bkr{ j[zd / jB fi ; so QK pq?eN *u fdZs/ i Kd/

jB. fJj pq?eN X ks{ s'A P[o { j[zd h j? ns/ fco nr/ tX /so K Bkb pzd j[zd h i Kd h j?.

T [so uZeo h fB:wK s'A gfjbK uZeo h fB:w bkr{ j[z d / jB.

uZeo d k ;zebg f;o i Bkswe X [Bh ftT [As s'A th g[ o kDk j?. uZeo d k ;zebg

u"w;eh , jkb/ ns/ b[ekc (Lukaff) d [nko k 1956 ft u fd Zsk frnk. ;N ?Avo v fET {o h

ftu i d 'A uZeo d h rZb ehsh i Kd h j? sK X [Bh ftT [As ftu uZeo d ' so QK d / wzB/ i Kd/

jBl

(1) fd Zsh j'Jh bVh d / ftP/P ;ko Ee yzv dh ftT [sgsh s'A uZeoh bkr{ eo B o kjhA

e[M yk; sZE gqkgs j[zd / jB i ' g{o / YKu/ bJh Io {oh (relevant) j[zd / jB.

fJ; bJh gzi kph d / Bk;eh ftnzi B $C, R$ B{z fbnk i k ;ed k j?. fJBQK d 'BK

Bk;eh ftnzi BK d h to s'A gzi kph ftu Bkwkso j?. Ppd nko zGbh ns/ nyho bh

;fEsh ftu fJj BjhA nkT [Ad /. go Ppd ftuekobh ;fEsh ftu ftuod / jB. fJBQK

d h to s'A ;sjh gZX o *s/ w"i {d BjhA j?, go rfj B g/Peko h ftu j?. fJ;d k gsk

ftT [sgsh s'A jh bZrd k j?, fi t/A Ppd ‘uzfrnkJh ’ ftul

147

(T ) [uzfrnkJh]

[[uzr] ^fJnkJh]

$u n C r$

(n) [rzi g[Dk]

[[rzi] ^g[Dk]

$r n R i $

2H uZeo eqw fto 'X (ordering paradoxes) B{z jZb eo B ftu wd d eo d k j?.

X [Bh ftT [Ase fB:w fJe eqw ftu jh nkT [Ad / jB. eJh tko fJj eqw T [bNk

th j' ;ed k j?. fi t/A ‘Pfjo ’ ftu i d 'A $j$ Bkb f;jko h dh to s'A ehsh i Kdh j? sK

T [j $n?$ ftu spdhb j' i Kd k j? ns/ $P$ d / Bkb tkbk ;_o $n$ yko i j' iKd k j?.

fJ; ;zpzX h fB:w fJ; gqeko j?l

fB:w ^ I n ^>

fB:w ^ 2 jOfJ ^> n?

Pfjo ^ $P n j fJ o $

uZeo ^1 ;\s uZeo h (strict cyclicity) uZeo h fB:w *s/ o 'e brkT [Ad h j?.

uZeo-II $P j fJ o $ fB:w-I

uZeo-III $P n? o $ fB:w-2

fJ;/ gqeko ‘efjo ’ Ppd ftu th

efjo ^ $e n j fJ o $

148

uZeko ^ I ;\s uZeoh (Strict cyclicity) uZeo h fB:w *s/ o 'e brkT [Ad h j?.

uZeo ^ II $e j fJ o $ fB:w I

uZeo ^ III $e n? o $ fB:w 2

fJBQK T [d kjo BK ftu gfjbK fB:w I, fco fB:w 2 bkr{ ehsk j?. fJBQK d k

T [bN th j' ;ed k j? Gkt gfjbk fB:w 2 s/ fco fB:w I. fi t/AL

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II $P n n? o $ fB:w 2

uZeo ^ III $P n? o $ fB:w I

fJ;/ so QK

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II $e n n? o $ fB:w 2

uZeo ^ III $e n? o $ fB:w I

fJ; so QK eJh tko fB:w T [bN / eqw ftu bkr{ ehs/ i Kd / jB go jw/PK BjhA.

fJ;/ so QK gzi kph GkPk ftu $o $ ^> $b$ ftu spd hbh d h ;fEsh d /yh i k ;edh j?l3

fB:w^3 $o $ ^> $b$

(T ) [pko e]

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II p nk b e

(n) [[d ko] uhBh]

149

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II [d nkb] uhBh]

(J) [wo jw]

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II [wbQw]

(;) [;?o]

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II [;?b]

T [go 'es s'A fJj ;gPN j[zd k j? fe rfjB ;zo uBk d / nw{o sB gZy B{z ;sjh

gZX o *s/ o {g fd Zsk i Kdk j? go X [BhnK d h ;fEsh ftT [sgs tkskto B (derived

environment) s'A jh I kfjo j[zd h j? no Eks

(1) d ' ;ko Ee yzv o {ghwe jZd K o kjhA nbZr ehs/ i k ;ed / jB.

(2) X [Bh ftT [Ase ftT [sgsh ftu fJe ;ko Ee yzv f;o fink i Kd k j?, Gkt fe

rfjB gZX o *s/ T [j gfjbK w"i {d BjhA j[zd k go fB:w bkr{ j'D *s/ T [j nk ;ed k

j?.4 [fi t/A Pfjo] ftubk $jOfJ$ d k $n?$ ftu spd hb j' i kDk.

uZeo ^1 B{z ykbh o Zfynk frnk j? Gkt ;\s uZeoh f;X Ks (strict cyclicity

principle) B{z bkr{ ehsk frnk j?. X ko k (Clause) (1) nB[;ko fJj f;X Ks uZeo h

fB:wK B{z e/tb fJe uZeo *s/ bkr{ eo B s'A o ' ed k j?. fB:w d k ;zo uBkswe

ftto B d {i / uZeo ftu Pkwb j[zd k j? Gkt uZeo h fB:w fJefjo / uZeo d / YKu/ nzd o

bkr{ BjhA j[zd k. fJ;d k Gkt fJj j'fJnk fe uZeo h fB:w o {ghw nzd o bkr{ BjhA

j[zd /.

150

ehB (Kean 1974: 179) w[skpe, “On any cycle A no cyclic rule may apply

to material within a previous cycle B without making crucial use of material

uniquely in cycle A.”5

Jerzy Rubach w[skpe, “Strict cyclicity principle acts as a constraint on the

abstractness of admissible representations.”6

;\s uZeo h f;X Ks dh X ko k (2) nB[;ko uZeoh fB:w T [; uZeo *s/ d [pko k

nk ;ed / jB i ' yko i eo fdZsk frnk j?. fJj T [d 'A jh ;zGt j? i d 'A X fB:w A

uZeo *s/ bkr{ ehsk i Kd k j? fi ; Bkb e[M pd bkt nkT [Ad / jB i ' nr'A Y fB:w B {z

gqGkfts eo d / jB, i ' X s'A pkd bk r{ ehsk i Kd k j?. fJzi fB:w Y nk T [D tkb/

uZeo B ftu gfo to sB B{z gqGkfts eo d k j?. Y^ fB:w A uZeo *s/ bkr{ j' ;edk

j? Gkt T [j uZeo fi ; *s/ fJj chfvzr gfo to sB (feeding change) P[o { j'Jh j?.

d {i / ;ko / jkbksK ftu uZeo h fB:w T [; uZeo *s/ tkg; BjhA nk ;ed / i ' yko i j'

u[Zek j?.

jkb/ B/ ;\s uZeo h f;X Ks d k fJe j'o gZy (version) fd Zsk j? fi ; nB[;ko

uZeoh fB:w uZeo d / tX /so K ftu bkr{ j[zd / jB. fJ; ftu f;o | X ks{ uZeo (root

cycle) B{z SZv e/ o {ghw d / nzd o bkr{ ehsk i Kd k j? go fJj gZy gfjb/ gZy d/

w[ekpb/ ewI 'o j?.

X ko k (2) d h ;fEsh B{z gzi kph GkPk d / ;zdo G ftu i kfDnk i k ;ed k j?.

gzi kph d hnk T [gGkPktK wbtJh ns/ g[nkX h ftu $t$ X [Bh $w$ X [Bh ftu T [d 'A spd hb

j' i Kd h j? i d 'A d ' ;_o K ftueko nkT [Adh j?.7 fi ; ;zpzX h fB:w 4 fJ; gqeko j?l

fB:w 4 t ^> w

[shthA]

151

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II [s Jh w JhA]

[bktK]

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II [b nk w nK]

[i tkJh]

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II [i n w nk Jh]

[i ktKr/]

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II [i nk w nK r J/]

fJ; d / ftgohs eJh PpdK ftu w[bskBh ftu Bkf;esk d k |o e gkfJnk i Kd k

j? Gkt wkMh d h Bkf;esk d h w[bskBh ftu nDj'Ad j? i d fe wkMh ftu fi E/ Bkf;esk

d h nDj'Ad j? T [E/ w[bskBh ftu gkJh i Kdh j?,8 fJ; ;zpzX h fB:w fJ; gqeko pD

i Kd k j?l

fB:w 5 [OBk;eh] ^> [^Bk;eh]

fB:w 6 [^Bk;eh] ^> [OBk;eh]

(T ) wkMh w[bskBh

ezX ezX (eZX )

152

uZeo ^ I uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II ezX uZeo ^ II ezX

ezX eZX

(n) ezxk ezxk (eZxk)

uZeo ^ I uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II ezxk uZeo ^ II ezxk

ezxk eZxk

(J) ;zx ;zx (;Zx)

uZeo ^ I uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II ;zx uZeo ^ II ;zx

;zx ;Zx

fB:w 5 & [OBk;eh] ^> [^Bk;eh]

wkMh d k ^Bk;eh w[bskBh ftu OBk;eh j' i Kd k j?.

wkMh w[bskBh

Bkr Bkr (BKr)

uZeo ^ I uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II Bkr uZeo ^ II Bkr

Bkr BKr

153

wZxo wzxo

uZeo ^ I uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II wZxo uZeo ^ II wZxo

wZxo wzxo

w'Yk w'AYk

uZeo ^ I uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II w'Yk uZeo ^ II w'Yk

w'Yk w'AYk

fJzi fB:w 6 & [^Bk;eh] ^> [OBk;eh]

wkMh T [gGkPk ftu Ppd nyho bh ;fEsh ftubh $;$ X [Bh d k T [uko B $j$ ftu

ehsk i Kd k j? ns/ $j$ d k T [uko B Ppd dhnK fszBK ;fEshnK ftu ;[o d k ;ze/s fd zd k

j?l

fB:w 7 ; ^> j

fB:w 8 j ^> ;[o

[[g;{] #]

uZeo ^ I ;\s uZeoh f;X Ks

uZeo ^ II g;{

gj{ fB:w 7

[[g?;k] #]

154

uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II g?;k #

g?jk # fB:w 7

[[jko] #] [[j'o] #]

uZeo ^ I uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II jko # uZeo ^ II j'o #

nko # Uo # fB:w 8

;z;feqs d k $e$ gzi kph ftu $r$ pD i Kd k j?. fJ; ;zpzX h fB:w 9 fJ; gqeko

j?l

fB:w 9 e ^> r

;ke skehd

uZeo ^ I uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II ;ke # uZeo ^ II skehd #

;kr # skrhd #

Bed gqeN

uZeo ^ I uZeo ^ I

uZeo ^ II Bed # uZeo ^ II gqeN #

Brd # gqrN #

155

Ppd ftueko bk $:$ gzi kph ftu g{o / s"o s/ d 'jo / ;_o ftu pd b i Kd k j?,9

fi t/Al

r:kB ^ frnkB

X :kB ^ fX nkB

wk:k ^ wkfJnk

uZeoh X [Bh ftT [As ftu fJe ;fEsh sK fJj j? fe Ppd d h nzd o {Bh ;fEsh B{z

g/P eo Bk ns/ d {i k tX /so K d h to s'A Bkb ftT [sgs Ppd pDkT [Dk. Ppd o uBk

fB:w o {ghwK B{z Ppd K ftu ;zrfms eo dk j?, fi ; ftu o {ghw B{z tX kfJnk i K

xN kfJnk i Kd k j? ns/ ;fj o {ghw B{z eZY fdZsk i Kdk j?. fB:w uZeo h Yzr Bkb bkr{

j[zd / jB ns/ fJj uZeo o {ghwe jZd K s/ nkT [Ad / jB. Ppd o uBk fB:w fJ; Yzr

Bkb bkr{ j[zd / jB fe T [sgkd e ns/ f;o i s Ppd K d k fBo wkD j[zd k j?. fJ; d/

nzso rs d ' wkvb jB fi ; B{z T [d kjo B o kjhA ;wfMnk i k ;ed k j?. fJE/ uZeo h

fB:wK B{z T , n, J d k BK fd Zsk frnk j? ns/ Ppd o uBk fB:wK B{z 1, 2, 3H

fB:w 10

wkvb ^ I

uZeo ^ I ;\s uZeoh f;X Ks (SCP)

uZeo ^ II [;KM]

[[;KM] Jh] Ppd o uBk fB:w 1

fB:w T

n

156

J

;KMh uZeoh fB:w T , n, J o kjhA ‘;KMh ’

ftT [sgs Ppd pfDnk

uZeo ^ III [[;KMh] tkb] Ppd o uBk fB:w 2

fB:w T

n

;KMhtkb J

uZeo ^IV [[;KMhtkb] sk] Ppd o uBk fB:w 3

fB:w T

n

;KMhtkbsk J

T [so uZeo h fB:w…

wkvb (2)

(T ) Pkpfd e ftT [sgsh

;KM

;KM O Jh Ppd o uBk fB:w 1

157

;KM O Jh O tkb Ppd o uBk fB:w 2

;KM O Jh O tkb O sk Ppd o uBk fB:w 3

(n) X ks{ s'A P[o { eo e/ pkjo b/ ;ko Ee yzvK tZb uZeo h pq?eN K d h to s'A

[[[[;KM] Jh] tkb] sk]

(J) X [Bh ftT [Ase ftT [sgsh

uZeo 2 ;KM Jh fB:w T

n

;KMh J

uZeo 3 ;KMh tkb fB:w T

n

;KMhtkb J

uZeo 4 ;KMhtkb sk fB:w T

n

;KMhtkbsk J

T [~so uZeo h fB:w

wkvb (1) ftu e'Prs fJekJh (lexicon) s/ Ppd o uBk fB:w ns/ X [Bh

ftT [Ase ftT [sgsh *s/ uZeo h fB:w bkr{ j[zd / jB. i d fe wkvb (2) ftu uZeo h

X [Bh ftT [Ase fB:w e'Pr s fJekJh *s/ bkr{ j[zd / j B go Ppd fBo wkD s'A p kd ns/

158

uZeoh p?qeN K th pkd *u'A fBPfus ehshnK i KdhnK jB. fJ; B{z j/mbh skfbek o kjhA

;gPN ehsk i k ;ed k j?l10

(i) (ii)

wkvb (1) d / w[ekpb/ wkvb (2) ewI 'o j? feT [Afe fJ; ftu X [Bhnkswe uZeo K d / eqw

o kjhA uZeo h pq?eN K B{z fBPfus eo Bk I o {o h BjhA j?. wkvb (2) w[skpe fJj fBPfus

ehsk i kDk fe nr/so B{z gfjbK i 'fVnk i kt/ i K fgS/so B{z. i / nr/so B{z f gS/so s'A

gfjbK i 'fVnk i Kd k j? sK nr/so dh pq?eN gfjbK nkt/rh . go nr/so B{z pkjo b/

uZeo ftu o Zfynk i Kd k j?. fJ; gqeko fB:w 10 wkvb (1) fJe wI p{s fB:w j?

feT [Afe uZeo h pq?eN g{o / Ppd s'A pkd Bjh A pbfe Ppd ouBk ftT [sgsh d / jo gVk

*s/ bkr{ j[zd h j?. fJ; gqeko fi ; eqw ftu tX /so bZrd / jB ns/ fi ; eqw ftu YKuk

X [Bh ftT [Ase s"o *s/ gqf efo nk ftu g?Ad k j? T [; ftu e'Jh fttkd g?d k BjhA j[zd k.

fJ; ;zpzX h fB:w^12 Y[etK j? l

e'Prs wd K d h ;{uh

Ppd o uBk fB:w

(WFR) ns/ uZeo h

fB:w

Ppd

T [so uZeo h fB:w

X [Bhnkswe g/Peko h

e'Prs wd K d h ;{uh

Ppd o uBk fB:w

Ppd

uZeoh fB:w

T [so uZeo h fB:w

X [Bhnkswe g/Peko h

159

fB:w 12 ^ X ks{ s'A o {ghwe jZd K fBoX ko s eo d / j'J/ uZeoh pq?eN K brkT [DhnK

(Assign cyclic brackets at morphological boundaries starting with

root.)11

nfi jh ;fEsh ftu id 'A w{bKP Bkb nr/so ns/ fgS/so d 'B'A bZr/ j'D sK 2

f;X Ks pDd / jBl12

fB:w 13

(1) gfjbK pq?eN X ks{ s'A P[o { j' e/ fgS/so ns/ fco nr/so tZb.

(2) gfjbK pq?eN X ks{ s'A P[o { j' e/ nr/so tZb ns/ fco fgS/so tZb.

fB:w (12) ;o tftnkge fB:w j? go fB:w (13) GkPk ftP/P j?. Jerzy

Rubach B/ g'fbP (Polish) ns/ Pesetsky (1979) B/ o PhnB (Russian) bJh gfjb/

(1) Yzr B{z ;jh wzfBnk j?. i /eo d 'BK ftu'A gzi kph GkPk bJh u'D ehsh i kt/ sK (1)

Yzr B{z so i hj fd Zsh i kt/rh feT [Afe gzi kph ftu fgS/so K d h to s'A tX /o / ehsh i Kdh

j?. fJ;/ eo e/ gzi kph B{z fgS/so kswe GkPk fejk i Kd k j?. fJ; bJh (1) f;X Ks

o kjhA gzi kph GkPk ftu gfjbK X ks{ Bkb fgS/so s/ fco nr/so i [Vd k j?, fi t/Al

(T ) ^ nksw ^

^ nksw O fJe

^ nksfwe O sk

nfX O nksfwesk

nfX nksfwesk

(n) ^ i zw ^

^ i zw O Jh

160

^ i zwh O nK

nD O i zwhnK

nDi zwhnK

(J) ^T [gi ^

^T [gi OnkT {

^T [gi kT {OgD

nDOT [gi kT {gD

go ;fEsh jw/PK fJe' fijh BjhA o fjzd h Gkt nr/so gfjbK th i [V ;ed k j? ns/

fgS/so pkd ftu, fi t/Al

(T ) ^ gVQ ^

nD O gVQ ^

nDgVQ O sk

nDgVQsk

(n) ^vo ^

fBOvo ^

fBvo Osk

fBvo sk

(J) ^wb^

fBo Owb^

161

fBo wbOsk^

fBo wbsk

eJh tko nr/so fJ; gqeko d / th j[zd / jB fe T [j gfjbK th i [V ;ed / jB s/ pkd

*u th , fi t/Al

(T ) ^ frnkB ^

^ frnkB O Jh

n O frnkBh

i K

^frnkB^

nOfrnkB^

nfrnkB O Jh

nfrnkBh

(n) ^T [gi ^

^T [gi O nkT {

^ T [gi kT { O gD

nD O T [gi kT {gD

nDT [gi kT {gD

i K

^T [gi ^

162

^T [gi OnkT {

nD O T [gi kT { ^

nDT [gi kT { O gD

nDT [gi kT {gD

(J) ^nksw^

nfX Onksw^

nfX nkswOfJe^

nfX nksfweOsk^

nfX nksfwesk

i K

^nksw^

^nkswOfJe

^nksfweOsk

nfX Onksfwesk

nfX nksfwesk

fJ; B{z vkfJrqkw o kjhA nzfes ehsk i k ;ed k j?l

(T ) BKt BKt

163

BKt fgS/so nr/so BKt

nr/so BKt BKt fgS/so

n frnkB Jh n frnkB Jh

(n) BKt BKt

ftP/PD fgS/so nr/so BKt

nr/so BKt BKt fgS/so

nD T [gi kT { gD nD T [gi kT { gD

fJ; gqeko fi ; eqw ftu tX /so bZrd / jB ns/ f i ; eqw ftu ;zo uBk X [Bh

ftT [Ase s"o s/ gqfefo nk ftu g?Ad h j?, T [; ftu e'Jh fttkd g?d k BjhA j[zd k.

fJ; gqeko d ' ;zebg ^^ “ o {ghwe jZd K *s/ bkr{ j'Dk” ns/ “ ftT [sgs

;zo uBk *s/ bkr{ j'Dk” fJeZm/ eko i eo d / jB. fJ;d k e'Jh eko B BjhA fe d 'B'A

nbZr^2 j'Ad o Zyd / jB.13 fJ; B[es/ B{z fX nkB ftu o Zyfd nK X [Bh ftT [Ase fB:wK

B{z d ' to rK ftu tzfvnk i Kd k j?L [+ ftT [sgs tkskto B] fB:w ns/ [-ftT [sgs

tkskto B] fB:w. ftT [sgs tkskto B fJ; f;XKs d k fJe fBo ze[P (arbitrary)

;zebg j?. fJ; d k ftnkeo B Bkb e'Jh ;zpzX BjhA.

164

ftT [sgs d / d 'BK fB:wK d k nkX ko e'Prs fJekJh (Lexicon) d k ;zrmB

I o {oh j?. X [Bh ftT [Ase fB:wK d k ;zpzX Ppd o uBk fB:wK (Word Formation

Rules) d / bkr{ j'D Bkb j?. X ks{ Bkb tX /so d k i [VBk ;zo uBk d h X [Bh ftT [Ase

gqfefo nk o kjhA eko i eod k j?. fJ; d k Gkt X [Bh ftT [Ase fB:w uZeo h s"o *s /

bkr{ j[zd / jB. jo fJefjo / tX /so d / bZrD Bkb fJj fco d [pko k bkr{ j[zd / jB.

[+ ftT [sgs tkskto B] fB:wK d k no E fB:wK d h T [j P/qDh j? i ' uZeo h s"o *s/ bkr{

j[zd h j?. ftT [sgs tkskto B d k no E o {ghwe jZd K d h w"i {d rh j? feT [Afe uZeoh

fB:w o {ghwe jZd K dh jkI o h ftu jh bkr{ j[zd / jB. Ppd o uBk fB:wK o kjhA i '

ftT [sgs j[zd k j?, T [j ;zo uBk *s/ bkr{ j[zd k j?. fJ; Bkb o {ghwe jZd K d h j'Ad

fI nkd k BjhA ofjzd h .

n;b ftu uZeoh fB:w ftT [sgs tkskto B fB:w jB fi BQK o kjhA Pkpfd e

fJekJh (lexicon) d k ;zrmB j[zd k j?. [+ ftT [sgs tkskto B] fB:w T [j jB i '

uZeoh sK jB go fB:w w[skpe ftT [sgs tksktoB bJh bkr{ BjhA j[zd /.

d {;o k gZy fB:wK d / d ' to rK d k j? ^^ uZeo h fB:w ns/ T [~so uZeoh

fB:wl14

(i) uZeoh fB:w ns/ T [so uZeo h fB:w d / nkgD/ nkgD/ fBy/V{ ;?~N j[zd /

jB.

(ii) uZeoh fB:wK d k ;?~N T [so uZeo h fB:wK d / to r tZb tZX d k j?.

(iii) uZeoh fB:w ;\s uZeoh f;X Ks nB[;ko bkr{ j[zd / jB.

(iv) uZeoh fB:w ns/ T [so uZeo h fB:w f ByVt/A to r (dis joint blocs)

pDkT [Ad / jB.

fJ; gqeko fejk i k ;ed k j? fe Ppd fBo wkD gqfefo nk ftu uZeoh fB:w jo

ftT [sgs tX /so s'A pkd bZrd / i Kd / jB ns/ fJe fBPfus gqfefo nk s'A pkd T [so

uZeoh fB:w bkr{ ehs/ i Kd / jB.

165

^^^^^^ 0 ^^^^^^

jtkb/ s/ fNZgDhnK

1. John A. Gieldsmith, Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology, p 249.

2. Jerzy Rubach, Cyclic and Lexical Phonology, p. 3.

3H gq'H d [Bh uzd q, gzi kph GkPk d k ftek;, gzBk 266H

4H Jerzy Rubach, Cyclic and Lexical Phonology, p. 8.

5. T [jh , gzBk 11.

6. T [jh , gzBk 12.

7H vkH jo eho s f;zx s/ T [~i b f;zx pkjoh , GkPk ftfrnkB s/ gzikph GkPk, gzBk

158, 187 (GkPk s/ GkPk ftfrnkB)H

8H T [jh , gzBk 161H

9H T [jh , gzBk 181H

10H Jerzy Rubach, Cyclic and Lexical Phonology, p. 20.

166

11. T [jh , gzBk 44.

12. T [jh , gzBk 45.

13. T [jh , gzBk 233.

14. T [jh , gzBk 16.