1

***Primary metabolite versus Secondary metabolite:

-Distribution:

-Pharmacological action:

- Scheme for biosynthetic pathway.

2

H2O+ CO2hv

3

Glycosides:*Definition:

-Physicochemical properties:physical state, optical activity ,

4

-Solubility, extraction .

-Enzyme deactivation.

:

5

-Significance in plant:

-Nomenclature

6

Amygdalase

Amygdalin

Prunasin

Prunase

H

HCN (g)

glc

glc

7

****Classification:A)- According to the linkage:

B)- According to botanical source

.

8

C)- According to the sugar type.

D)- According to the aglycone type.

E)- According to the pharmacological action:

F)- According to the configuration

9

G)- According to the metabolic origin

10

**Phenolic glycosides:-Flavonoid, isoflavonids ,

anthocyanins,lignans

-Anthraquinone

-Coumarins

11

Anthraquinone Coumarin

FlavonoidAnthocyanin

12

Pharmacological action:-Stimulant laxative: increasing contractility of

colonic muscle and subsequently facilitate evacuation of colonic content Medicinal uses:

-Acute constipation.-Presurgery.

-Preoperative.