CC DNG BI TP ESTE I. NG PHN. DANH PHP. * Vit cc ng phn este: n chc, a chc, no, khng no(c ng phn hnh hc). Bi 1: Vit cc ng phn este ng vi cc cng thc phn t sau v gi tn chng: C2H4O2; C3H6O2; C3H4O2. Bi 2: Vit cc ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t: C 4H8O2, C4H6O2, C4H4O4, C7H6O2(hp cht thm). Gi tn cc este vit? Bi 3: Vit cc ng phn este ng ng cng thc phn t C5H8O2. Bi 4: Vit cc ng phn este thm ng vi cng thc phn t: C8H8O2; C9H8O2. Bi 5: Mt hp cht X c cng thc phn t CxHyO2 mch h ch cha cc nhm chc ancol, anehit, este v axit. Hi mi quan h gia cc gi tr x v y phi nh th no cho X l hp cht no? II. TNH CHT. * Vit cc phng trnh tnh cht ca cc este(ch cc dng este c bit) Bi 1: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau 1/ RCOOR + NaOH t 2/ (RCOO)nR + NaOH t t 3/ R(COOR)n + NaOH 4/ RCOOCH=CH-R + NaOH t 5/ RCOOC6H4-R + NaOH t 6/ ROOCR + NaOH t t 7/ RCOORCOOR + NaOH 8/ RCOOROOCR + NaOH t 9/ ROCORCOOR + NaOH t 10/ ROCOROCOR + NaOH t t 11/ O=CHO-R + NaOH Bi 2: Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C3H4O2 . Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c hai cht hu c A 1 v A2 u c phn ng trng gng. Vit cng thc cu to ca A1, A2, A v cc phng trnh phn ng ni trn. Bi 3: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C4H8O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 4: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C4H6O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 5: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C5H8O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 6: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C4H4O4 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 7: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C7H6O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 8: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C8H8O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 9: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C9H8O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng.0 00 0

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* Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este da theo sn phm v c im cu to Bi 1: 1. Vit cng thc chung ca cc este to thnh t : a) axit no n chc v ancol no a chc. b) axit khng no n chc (cha 1 ni i) v ancol no n chc. c) axit no a chc v ancol khng no (c 1 ni i) n chc. d) axit no n chc v ancol thm n chc. Bi 2: 2. Hai este A, B l dn sut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C 9H8O2 ; A v B u cng hp vi brom theo t l mol 1 : 1. A tc dng vi xt cho mt mui v mt anehit, B tc dng vi xt d cho 2 mui v nc, cc mui c khi lng phn t ln hn khi lng phn t ca natri axetat. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Ngoi A, B cn c cc dn xut axit v este khc ca benzen cng cng thc phn t v cng tc dng vi brom theo t l mol 1 : 1 hay khng ? Nu c vit cng thc cu to ca chng. Bi 3: Cho mt hn hp hai este A v B u c cng thc phn t l C 5H8O2. Khi un nng hn hp vi NaOH thu c hn hp hai mui natri ca hai axit c cng thc phn t l C3H6O2(A1) v C3H4O2(B1) 1. Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, A1, B1 v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 2. So snh s ging nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht ha hc ca A1 v B1. 3. Vit phng trnh phn ng chuyn ha ln nhau gia A1 v B1. Bi 4: 2. Hp cht hu c X cha mt loi nhm nh chc, c cng thc phn t l C 8H14O4. Khi thy phn X trong NaOH thu c mt mui v hn hp 2 ancol A, B. Phn t ancol B c s nguyn t C nhiu gp i phn t ancol A ; khi un nng vi H2SO4 c, A cho mt olefin v B cho 2 olefin ng phn. Tm cng thc cu to ca X. Bi 5: Hp cht A c cng thc phn t l C8H12O5. Cho 0,01 mol A tc dng ht vi lng dung dch NaOH va sau c cn thu c mt lng ancol 3 ln ancol v 1,76 gam hn hp cht rn X gm 2 mui ca 2 axit hu c n chc. Xc nh cng thc cu to c th c ca A (khng khai trin cng thc gc hirocacbon). * Xc nh cng thc cu to da vo tnh cht khi bit CTPT Bi 1: Cc hp cht A, B, C, D, E, F c cng cng thc phn t C 4H8O2. A, B c phn ng vi Na v vi NaOH, cc cht cn li u ch tc dng vi NaOH, ring hai cht E, F cn tham gia phn ng trng gng. Bin lun vit cng thc cu to ca chng. Vit phng trnh cc phn ng ni trn. Bi 2: . C 5 hp cht hu c mch h A, B, C, D, E ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, khi lng phn t u bng 74 v u khng lm mt mu nc brom. Cho 5 cht tc dng vi Na, dung dch NaOH, dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 (phn ng trng gng) ta thu c kt qu sau : A B C D E

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Na + + + du + : c phn ng, NaOH + + du - : khng phn ng. Trng gng + Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit tt c cng thc cu to c th c ca mi cht ph hp vi iu kin cho. Bi 3: A, B, C, D, E l cc hp cht hu c no, cha cc nguyn t cacbon, hiro v oxi, u c khi lng phn t l 74 .v.C. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca chng bit rng : A, B, C, E phn ng c vi Na gii phng hiro. B, C, D tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH. B, E v D u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Oxi ha A thu c ng ng tip theo ca C. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bi 4: C 6 hp cht hu c mch h A, B, C, D, E, F ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, khi lng phn t u bng 74 v u l hp cht no. Cho 6 cht tc dng vi Na, dung dch NaOH, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 (phn ng trng gng) ta thu c kt qu sau: A B C D E F Na + + + + NaOH + + + Trng gng + + Xc nh CTPT, vit tt c CTCT c th c ca mi cht ph hp vi iu kin cho. p n: A: C4H9OH; B: ete (C4H10O); C: CH3CH2COOH; D: CH3COOCH3; E: HO-C2H4-CHO; F: HOC-COOH Bi 4: Cho A1 l ng phn mch h ca C3H6O2. Cho A1 tc dng vi NaOH, thu c mui A2. Cho mui A2 tc dng vi H2SO4 thu c cht hu c A3. Cho A3 tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac d thu c cht A4 ; A4 c kh nng tc dng vi NaOH v vi dung dch H2SO4 long u c kh thot ra. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh trn. b) Vit tn cc cht A1, A2, A3, A4 v hy cho bit A4 c phi l cht lng tnh khng ? Bi 5: 2. Mt s hp cht c cng thc l CxHyOz, c M = 60 vC. a) Vit cng thc cu to cc hp cht v cho bit chng c phi l ng phn ca nhau khng ? b) Trong cc cht trn cht no tc dng c vi Na, NaOH ? Bi 6: Ba cht X, Y, Z c CTPT dng (CH2O)n vi n 3. Cho bit: - X ch tham gia phn ng trng gng. - Y va tham gia phn ng trng gng, va phn ng vi Na. - Z tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 va , lm bay hi nc dung dch sau phn ng, sn phm khan cn li tip tc tc dng vi Na. Oxi ha Z iu kin thch hp s to thnh hp cht ch cha 1 loi nhm chc. t chy hon ton X, Y, Z nh nhau th s mol H2O thu c t X< Y< Z. Hy: - Xc nh CTCT ca X, Y, Z. H 2O - Vit phng trnh phn ng theo s : Z Z1 + C H H Z2 P ( polime) 3O * S . Bi 1: Vit cc phng trnh ho hc trong cc s phn ng sau:+ Na OH + NaOH Na OH 2 0 C2H6 1/ X(C 4H 8O2) Y Z T Ca O,t O ,xtH 4 t 2/ CH3 COCH3 + HCN X3,t Y 2 SOc, 4 H6CH32OH / H2 SO4 HO Z(C O ) T C2H OH +HCN 3/ CH3CHO X Y c, Z(C 3H 4O2) 5/ H2SO4 H3O ,t H2SO4 t T C6H5OH KCN 4/ CH3Cl X Y Z T M + N H3O ,t P2O5 NaOHd + 0 + 0 0 + 0 0

+ H2O / Hg 1500 5/ CH4 X Y Z T M CH4 + NaOH

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6/ C2H2 C2H4Cl 2 X C2H4O2 CH2 = CHOOCCH3 7/C2 H5OH X NaOH T axit metacrylic F Y Z CH 4 Poli(metyl metacrylat)

* u ch. Bi 1: a) T CH4 vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc hp cht n chc c cng thc l C 3H6O2. Chng minh s c mt ca cc cht trong cng ng nghim iu ch c. Bi 2: Vit cc phn ng iu ch thy tinh plexiglat t axit v ancol tng ng. Bi 3: T nguyn liu chnh l axetilen, vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch ancol polivinylic. Bi 4: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch poli(isobutyl metacrilat) t axit v ancol tng ng.

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Bi 5: Vit cc phng trnh chuyn ho t CH3OH thnh C2H5OH v ngc li. III. TNH TON. Bi 1: Ngi ta cho 1 mol CH3COOH tc dng vi 1 mol ancol isopropilic. toC, cn bng s t c khi c 0,6 mol este to thnh. Nu sau cho thm 1 mol CH3COOH, th thnh phn v s mol cc cht trong hn hp sau khi cn bng mi thnh lp l bao nhiu ? Bit hng s tc ca phn ng thun gp 2,25 ln hng s tc ca phn ng nghch. IV. XC NH 1 ESTE. * Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca este n chc(1 este) Bi 1: Thu phn mt este trong mi trng kim ta c ancol etylic. Hy xc nh cng thc ca este bit khi lng phn t ca ancol bng 62% khi lng phn t ca este. Bi 2: Mun x phng ho 17,4(g) este c to thnh t axit n chc no phi dng 300ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. a) Xc nh cng thc ca este. b) Nu em c cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng x phng ho ri ly mui khan thu c em nung vi vi ti xt th thy c kh metan bay ra. Hy tnh th tch kh metan thu c ktc. c) Ancol thu c trong phn ng x phng ho ng vi bc cao nht. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca este. Bi 3: Lm bay hi 0,37 gam mt este n chim th tch bng th tch ca 0,16 gam oxi cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cc cng thc cu to ca cc ng phn este. Bi 4: t chy hon ton 0,528 gam cht hu c n chc th thu c 1,055 gam CO2 v 0,432 gam H2O. a) Tm cng thc thc nghim v cng thc n gin nht ca hp cht. b) Tm cng thc cu to gi tn hp cht. Bit rng khi thu phn hp cht bng dung dch NaOH th thu c mui natri m khi cho tc dng vi vi ti xt th thu c kh metan. Bi 5: Thu phn mt este c t khi hi so vi H2 l 37 th thu c mui natri c khi lng bng 41/37 khi lng este. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este. b) Ly 1gam este em thu phn, sau mt thi gian thu c mt lng axit. trung ho lng axit ny cn 4,5ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tm t l este cha b thu phn. Bi 6: X phng ho hon ton 0,15mol mt este A bng dung dch NaOH 1,25M th dng 200ml. C cn dung dch thu c 14,2 gam cht rn khan. Nu t chy hon ton 0,1mol A ri cho sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 th thu c 19,7 gam kt ta. Nu thm tip xt d vo dung dch th thu c 19,7 gam kt ta na. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. b) Gi B l ng phn ca A. Nu cho 0,1mol B tc dng hon ton vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c 14,2 gam cht rn khan. Xc nh B. Bi 7: t chy hon ton 15ml hi ca mt este A phi dng 150ml oxi,sau phn ng thu c hn hp sn phm gm CO 2 v hi nc, trong th tch ca CO2 bng 9/4 ln th tch ca hi nc. Khi ngng t sn phm chy thy th tch hn hp gim 60ml. Mt khc nu t chy hon ton 15ml hi ca axit to thnh A th cn 45ml oxi. Cc kh c o cng iu kin v nhit p sut. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. b) un nng 2,96 gam A vi dung dch HCl long n khi phn ng thu phn xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X. Tnh th tch dung dch nc brm(16g/l) cn phn ng va vi dung dch X. Bi 8: t chy hon ton 0,4995 gam mt este th thu c 0,981 gam CO2. a) Tm cng thc ca este. b) Thu phn este ny trong mi trng NaOH th thu c mt mui m khi lng ca n bng 34/37 khi lng este. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este. Bi 9: un nng 0,1 mol este no n chc E vi 30 ml dung dch 20% (d = 1,2g/ml) ca mt hidroxit kim loi kim M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ho, c cn dung dch th thu c cht rn A v 4,6 gam ancol B, bit rng B b oxi ho bi CuO thnh sn phm c kh nng phn ng trng gng. t chy cht rn A th thu c 9,54 gam mui cacbonat, 8,26 gam hn hp CO2 v hi nc. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng dng tng qut. b) Xc nh tn kim loi M. c) Tm CTCT ca E. Bi 10: Cht A l este ca axit n chc v ancol n chc. thu phn hon ton 4,4 gam cht A ngi ta dng 22,73 ml dung dch NaOH 10% ( d = 1,1 g/ml). Lng NaOH ny d 25% so vi l thuyt. a) Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT v gi tn A. b) t chy hon ton 1,32 gam cht A v cho sn phm hp th hon ton vo nc vi cha 3,7 gam Ca(OH)2. Tnh lng kt ta to thnh. Cho 1,76 gam cht A bay hi trong mt bnh kn dung tch 896 ml, thy p sut trong bnh 0,75 atm. Hi nhit bay hi l bao nhiu. Bi 11: A l mt cht hu c cha mt loi nhm chc. A tc dng c vi dung dch kim, nhng khng tc dng c vi kim loi kim. Khi t chy mt th tch hi A, th thu c 4 th tch kh CO2 v 4 th tch hi nc. Cc th tch hi, kh u o trong cng iu kin v nhit v p sut. a.Xc nh CTPT ca A. b.Vit cc CTCT c th c ca A v c tn cc cht ny.

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c.Xc nh CTCT ng ca A. Bit rng A tc dng vi NaOH to B v C. Nu cho C tc dng tip vi CuO thu c cht D. A, B, D u cho c phn ng trng bc. Vit cc phn ng xy ra. p n: C4H8O2 ; H COO CH2 CH2 CH3. Bi 12: Cho 11,1 gam mt este n chc no mch h tc dng va vi 150 ml dd NaOH 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, ngi ta thu c dd E. 1. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT c th c ca este. 2. C cn dd E thu c 12,3 gam mui khan. Xc nh CTCT ng v gi tn este. 3. Ly ton b mui khan thu c trn nung vi vi ti xt thy c kh thot ra. Tnh th tch kh thot ra ktc. p n: 1. H COO C2H5 hoc CH3 COO CH3. 2. CH3 COO CH3 (metyl axetat) 3. V = 3,36 (l). Bi 13: A l mt este n chc. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hi A thu c 17,92 lt CO2 v 7,2 gam H2O. a.Xc nh CTPT ca A. Cc kh o ktc. b.X phng ha hon ton 2,72 gam A cn dng 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M. Xc nh cc CTCT c th c ca A v c tn cc cht ny, bit rng A cho c phn ng trng gng. Vit cc phn ng xy ra. p n: a) C8H8O2 b) H COO C6H4 CH3 Bi 14: t chy hon ton m gam cht hu c X cn dng 22,4 lt khng kh (ktc), thu c 3,584 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,88 gam H2O. (Khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit theo th tch). a. Tnh m. b. Xc nh CTPT ca X bit rng dX/CO2 = 2. c. Xc nh CTCT ca X v c tn X. Cho bit X n chc, X tc dng c vi dung dch bc nitrat trong amoniac to kim loi v X tc dng vi dung dch nc vi trong to ru bc hai. d. Vit CTCT cc ng phn n chc ca X v c tn cc ng phn ny. e. T X vit cc phn ng iu ch: Axeton; Isopropyl acrilat v n-Propyl axetat. Cc cht v c, xc tc c sn. p n: m = 3,52 gam; Isopropyl fomiat Bi 15: un nng 0,1 mol este no, n chc, mch h E vi 30 ml dung dch 20% (d = 1,20 g/ml) ca mt hiroxit kim loi kim M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ha, c cn dung dch th thu c cht rn A v 4,6 gam ru B. t chy hon ton cht A th thu c 9,54 gam mui cacbonat v 8,26 gam hn hp CO2 v hi H2O. 1. Xc nh tn kim loi kim M. 2. Tm CTCT ca este E. p n: M = 23 (Na); CH3COOC2H5 Bi 16: Ly 1,22 gam este E (ch cha C, H, O) phn ng va vi 200 ml dd KOH 0,1M. C cn dd sau phn ng thu c hi nc v 2,16 gam hn hp mui. t chy hon ton hn hp mui ny thu c 2,64 gam CO2, 0,54 gam H2O v a gam K2CO3. Tnh a v xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca E bit ME < 140 vc. p n: a = 1,38 (g). CTPT ca E: C7H6O2. CTCT ca E: H COO C6H5. Bi 18: Mt este n chc X (mch khng nhnh) (cha C, H, O). T khi hi ca X so vi oxi l 3,125. Xc nh CTCT ca X trong mi trng hp sau y: 1. Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dd NaOH 1 M. C cn dd sau phn ng thu c 23,2 gam cht rn. 2. Cho 0,15 mol X tc dng va vi dd NaOH. C cn dd sau phn ng thu c 21 gam mui khan. p n: 1. C2H5 COO CH = CH2. 2. CH2 COO CH2 CH2 CH2 Bi 19: Cho m gam este n chc A bay hi trong mt bnh kn dung tch 6 lt, nhit 136,5 oC. Khi este bay hi ht th p sut trong bnh l P. Nu cho m gam este A un vi 200 ml dd NaOH, sau khi phn ng xong, trung ha naOH d cn 100 ml dd HCl 1M. Chng ct dung dch sau trung ha thu c 15,25 gam hn hp mui khan v hi ru B. Dn ton b hi ru B qua CuO d nung nng thu c anehit E. Cho ton b E tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Bit rng cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1. Xc nh CTCT ca este A. 2. Tnh m v P. 3. Xc nh nng mol/l ca dd NaOH ban u. p n: 1. CH2 = CH COO CH3 2. m = 8,6 (g); P = 0,56 atm. 3. [NaOH] = 1 M. V. XC NH HN HP ESTE. Bi 1. Hn hp Y gm 2 este n chc, mch h, l ng phn ca nhau. Cho mg hn hp Y tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c mui ca 1 axit hu c v 2 ancol. Mt khc t chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y cn dng 5,6 lt O2 v thu c 4,48 lt CO2. Cc th tch kh u o ktc. * Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca cc cht trong Y. * Cho Y ln lt tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 v Cu(OH)2/NaOH. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bi 2: Lm bay hi 5,98gam hn hp hai este ca axit axetic vi 2 ancol l ng ng k tip trong dy ng ng ca ancol metylic, n chim th tch l 1,344lt(ktc). Xc nh cng thc ca 2 este. Bi 3: Hn hp A gm hai cht hu c n chc mch h cha C, H, O. Cho A tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c mui ca mt axit hu c no B v mt ancol C. Thc hin phn ng tch nc ancol C iu kin thch hp, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht hu c D c t khi hi so vi H 2 bng 37. Lng nc thu c sau phn ng tch nc cho tc dng vi Na d c 0,196 lt kh.

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a) Xc nh CTCT ca ancol C b) t chy hon ton hn hp A cn dng 4,592 lt O2. Sn phm chy cho hp th ht vo bnh ng 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% c dung dch E. Xc nh CTCT ca B v tnh nng % ca dung dch E. Bi 4: Cho 35,2 gam hn hp A l hai este no n chc ng phn ca nhau c t khi hi i vi H 2 bng 44 tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4 M ri c cn dung dch thu c ta thu c 44,6 gam cht rn B. a) Hy xc nh CTPT ca hai este. b) Tnh % cc cht trong A theo s mol Bi 5: C mt hn hp Z gm hai este X, Y to bi hai axit no n chc vi cng mt ancol n chc. t chy hon ton 0,15 mol Z v cho ton b sn phm chy hp th vo bnh ng lng d dung dch Ba(OH) 2 thy khi lng bnh tng 23,25 gam v trong bnh xut hin 73,875 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca X v Y, gi tn chng bit khi lng phn t MX : MY = 18,5 : 15. Cho 15,52 gam hn hp Z phn ng khi un nng vi 680 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,25 M (h = 100%). Lng d dung dch baz phn ng va vi 50 ml dung dch HCl 2M. a) Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca mi este trong Z. b) Vit phng trnh chuyn ho Y thnh X. Bi 6: Cho 1,22 gam mt hp cht hu c A phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M ch thu c dung dch cha 2,16 gam mui khan. t chy lng mui ny thu c a gam K 2CO3, 2,64 gam CO2 v 0,54 gam nc. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca A, tnh a. Bit MA < 140. Bi 7: Hn hp Y gm 2 cht hu c A, B c cng chc ha hc . Nu un nng 15,7 gam hn hp Y tc dng vi lng d NaOH th to mui ca axit hu c n chc v 7,6 gam hn hp 2 ancol no n chc, bc mt k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 15,7 gam Y cn 21,84 lt O2 thu c 17,92 lt kh CO2. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to , tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp Y. (Cc kh o iu kin tiu chun). Bi 8: Hn hp A gm 2 cht hu c mch h X, Y ch cha C, H, O tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c 1 ancol n chc v 2 mui ca 2 axit hu c n chc l ng ng k tip nhau. Lng ancol thu c cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc). Cho 41,2 gam hn hp A tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH thu c 33,92 gam mui. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 82,24 gam hn hp A cn 112,896 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c nc v 93,184 lt CO 2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y. Bi 9: Hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c n chc u tc dng vi NaOH. Cho m gam hn hp X vo 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, un nng cc phn ng xy ra hon ton , trung ha lng kim d sau phn ng cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,5 M. C cn cn thn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,25 gam hn hp cht rn Y gm 2 mui c 4,6 gam ancol E. Cho ton b E vo dung dch H2SO4 c ti 1700C thu c 1,792 lt anken ( hiu sut phn ng t 80%). Cc kh o ktc. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca 2 cht v tnh m(g). Bi 10. A v B l 2 ng phn, phn t gm C, H, O. Mi cht ch cha 1 nhm chc v u c th phn ng c vi NaOH. Ly 12,9g hn hp X ca A v B cho tc dng va vi 75ml dung dch NaOH 2M, thu ton b sn phm Y. a a) Xc nh CTPT ca A v B. b) Vit CTCT cc ng phn tha mn iu kin u bi ca A v B, vit phng trnh phn ng ca chng vi dung dch NaOH. c) Chia hn hp Y thnh 2 phn u nhau. Mt phn cho tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 thu c 21,6g kt ta . Phn cn li em c cn ta thu c 6,45g hn hp 2 mui hu c. Xc nh CTCT ph hp ca A v B. Tnh khi lng tng cht trong 12,9g hn hp X. Bi 11. Hai hp cht A v B mch h (ch cha C, H, O) n chc u tc dng vi NaOH, khng tc dng vi Na. t chy mg hn hp X gm A v B cn 8,4 lt O2 thu c 6,72 lt CO2 v 5,4g H2O. 1. Cho bit A v B thuc loi cht g? Chng minh rng A v B khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2. 2. Tm M X , CTPT v CTCT c th c ca A v B. Bit rng MB - MA = 28. Cc kh u o ktc. Bi 12: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp 2 este, cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng P2O5 d, khi lng bnh tng 6,21 gam. Sau cho tip qua dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 34,5 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 6,825 gam hn hp 2 este tc dng va vi dd KOH, thu c 7,7 gam hn hp 2 mui v 4,025 gam mt ru. Tm CTPT v khi lng mi este bit rng khi lng phn t ca 2 mui hn km nhau khng qu 28 vc. p n: TH1: HCOOC2H5 & CH3COOC2H5; mHCOOC2H5 = 4,625 (g), mCH3COOC2H5 = 2,2 (g). TH2: HCOOC2H5 & C2H5COOC2H5; mHCOOC2H5 = 5,55 (g), mC2H5COOC2H5 = 1,275 (g). Bi 13: Hn hp A gm hai este ng phn nhau, u c to t axit n chc v ru n chc. Cho 2,2 gam hn hp A bay hi 136,5C v 1 atm th thu c 840 ml hi este. Mt khc em thy phn hon ton 26,4 gam hn hp A bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2 gam/ml) ri em c cn th thu c 33,8 gam cht rn (khan). Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v tnh % khi lng mi este trong hn hp A p n: C4H8O2; H COO C3H7 66,67% & CH3 COO C2H5 33,33%; H COO C3H7 83,33% & C2H5 COO CH3 16,67% Bi 14: Mt hn hp A gm 2 este n chc. Thy phn hn hp A bng mt lng NaOH va thu c 2 ru no n chc c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 14 vc v hn hp 2 mui. t chy hon ton 15,2 gam hn hp 2 ru trn thu c 15,68 lt CO2. 1. Tm CTPT v thnh phn % s mol mi ru trong hn hp.

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2. Cho hn hp 2 mui trn tc dng vi mt lng H2SO4 long va thu c hn hp 2 axit hu c no. Ly 2,08 gam hn hp 2 axit tc dng vi 100 ml dd Na2CO3 2M sau phn ng lng Na2CO3 d tc dng va vi 170 ml dd HCl 2M th mi gii phng ht CO2 ra khi dd. Hy xc nh CTPT 2 axit, CTPT 2 este trong hn hp A. Bit rng s nguyn t C trong phn t este nh hn 6. Cc th tch kh o ktc, cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. p n: 1. C2H5OH & C3H7OH; % C2H5OH = 66,67%, % C3H7OH = 33,33%. 2. CTPT 2 axit: C2H5COOH & CH3COOH. CTPT 2 este: C2H5COOC2H5 & CH3COOC3H7. Bi 15: Cho hn hp A gm 2 este c CTPT C4H8O2 v C3H6O2 tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 6,14 gam hn hp 2 mui v 3,68 gam ru B duy nht c t khi hi so vi oxi l 1,4375. a) Tnh s gam mi cht trong A. b) un ton b lng ru B vi dd H2SO4 c iu kin thch hp to thnh cht hu c C v t khi hi so vi ru B l 1,6087. Tnh lng C thu c nu hiu sut phn ng l 80%. p n: a) mC4H8O2 = 2,22 (g); mC3H6O2 = 4,4 (g). b) mC = 2,368 (g). Bi 16: Cho hn hp 2 este n chc (to bi 2 axit l ng ng k tip) tc dng hon ton vi 1,5 lt dd NaOH 2,4 M thu c dd A v mt ru bc 1. C cn dd A thu c 211,2 gam cht rn khan. Oxi ha B bng O 2 (c xc tc) thu c hn hp X. Chia X thnh 3 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dd NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam Ag. - Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi NaHCO3 d thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). - Phn 3: Cho tc dng vi Na va thu c 8,96 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dd Y thu c 48,8 gam cht rn khan. Xc nh CTCT v tnh % khi lng mi este trong hn hp ban u. p n: H COO CH2 C CH; CH3 COO CH2 C CH. % HCOOC3H3 = 300%; % CH3COOC3H3 = 70%. VI. ESTE A CHC(ch t l s mol cc mui) Bi 1: t chy hon ton 1,46 gam A trng thi hi(c cha cc nguyn t C, H, O) th thu c 1,344 lt kh CO2(ktc) v 0,9 gam H2O. T khi hi ca A so vi H2 bng 73. Tm cng thc cu to ca A. Bi 2: Cho 0,1mol cht hu c A(ch cha mt loi nhm chc) tc dng vi 12 gam NaOH. Sn phm thu c gm 0,1mol ancol B cn nng 9,2 gam v mt mui ca axit hu c n chc C. Khi t chy 0,1mol C th bao gi cng to ra c 1,8 mol CO 2. Mt khc cng lng axit ny lm mt mu va dung dch nc brm c cha 16 gam brm nguyn cht. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v B. b) Hy ngh cng thc cu to thch hp ca A v B. Bi 3: Mt este mch h cha ti a l 3 chc este. Cho este ny tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c d th thu c mt mui v 1,24 gam hn hp hai ancol cng dy ng ng. Ly 1,24 gam hn hp hai ancol ny em ho hi hon ton th thu c lng hi c th tch bng th tch ca 0,96 gam O2 (cng iu kin) . Xc nh tng qut ca A. Bi 4. Mt cht hu c A ch cha C, H, O trong phn t. t chy hon ton 1,6g A, dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 4,16g v c 13,79g kt ta. Bit MA < 200 vC. * Xc nh CTPT ca A. * Bit A ch cha 1 loi nhm chc, khi cho 16g A tc dng va vi 200g dung dch NaOH 4% th thu c 1 ancol B v 17,8g hn hp 2 mui. Xc nh CTCT ca A v B. Bi 5. Thc hin phn ng este ho gia 1 axit cacboxylic no X v 1 ancol no Y ta c este A mch h. Cho bay hi a gam este A trong 1 bnh kn dung tch 6 lt 136,50C. Khi este bay hi ht th p sut trong bnh l 0,56atm. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y cn lng oxi c iu ch t phn ng nhit phn hon ton 50,5g KNO 3. Cho a gam cht A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH to ra 16,4g mui. a) Xc nh CTCT ca A. b) Cho 120g axit X tc dng vi 31g Y thu c 58,4g cht A. Hy tnh hiu sut phn ng este ho. Bi 6. Cho hn hp M gm 2 este A v B. Cho a gam hn hp M tc dng va vi dung dch KOH, sau phn ng thu c b gam ancol D v 2,688g mui kali ca 2 axit hu c n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. em nung ton b mui trn vi vi ti xt ti khi phn ng hon ton th nhn c 0,672 lt kh E ktc. em t chy ton b lng ancol D thu c sn phm chy gm CO2 v hi H2O, c t l khi lng l 44:27. Mt khc cho tt c hn hp lng sn phm chy trn hp th va ht vi 45ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M th nhn c 2,955g kt ta. * Xc nh CTCT c th c ca A v B. * Tnh cc gi tr a v b. Bi 7. un nng 21,8g cht A vi 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c 24,8g mui ca axit n chc v 1 lng ancol B. Nu cho lng ancol B bay hi th ktc th tch kh thu c l 2,24 lt lng d NaOH c trung ho bng 2 lt dung dch HCl 0,1M. Xc nh CTCT ca A. Bi 8. un nng mg hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O mch thng vi dung dch cha 8g NaOH n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Trung ho va ht lng NaOH d bng 40ml dung dch HCl 1M. Lm bay hi hn hp sau khi trung ho mt cch cn thn, thu c 7,36g hn hp 2 ancol n chc v 15,14g hn hp gm 2 mui khan. Xc nh CTCT ca X. :

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Bi 9. Cho mg cht X cha C, H, O tc dng vi 152,5ml dung dch NaOH 25% d=1,28 g/ml. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A cha mui 1 axit hu c, 2 ancol n chc v xt d. Trung ho A bng 255ml dung dch HCl 4M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c hn hp hi 2 ancol c t khi so vi H 2 l 26,5 v 78,67g hn hp mui khan. Xc nh CTCT ca X v tnh m, bit X c cu to mch thng. Bi 10. Hn hp M gm 2 cht hu c A v B c t l mol tng ng l 2:1. Cht A mch h, ch cha mt loi nhm chc, c iu ch t axit no X v ancol no Y. Cht B l este n chc. Cho m gam hn hp M ha hi hon ton th th tch hi thu c ng bng th tch ca 9,6g O 2 ( cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol ancol Y cn 0,25 mol O2. Cho mg hn hp M phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH to c 41g mui duy nht, v hn hp N gm 2 cht Y v Z. Cht Z c thnh phn C, H, O, khng tc dng vi Na, khng c kh nng phn ng trng gng. Nu t chy hon ton cng mt s mol A hoc B th s mol CO 2 thu c t A lun bng s mol CO2 thu c t B trong cng iu kin .Vit phng trnh phn ng v xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, X, Y, Z. Bi 11. Hp cht hu c A c cha C, H, O khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2, ch cha mt loi nhm chc. Khi thy phn A to ra axit hu c B c 2 lin kt i trong phn t v ancol C. Cht B v C u l mch cacbon h. Trong bnh kn dung tch 10 lt cha 0,1 mol B v mt lng hirocacbon no, mch h D v 12,8 gam O2 va . t chy hon ton hn hp ny trong bnh c CO2, hi nc c s mol bng nhau. a) Tnh p sut trong bnh sau khi t 136,50C. Xc inh CTPT ca B, D. b) 0,2 mol A tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 12,4 gam ancol. Xc nh CTCT ca A. Bi 12. Hn hp A gm axit hu c X v este Y ca 1 axit hu c n chc. Ly ag hn hp cho phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, chng tch sn phm ta thu c 9,3g mt cht hu c B v 39,4g hn hp mui hu c khan. Cho ton b B phn ng vi Na ta thu c 3,36 lt mt kh ktc. Bit B c khi lng phn t nh hn 93 v B c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh trong sut. em ton b lng mui hu c nung vi vi ti xt thi thu c 8,96 lt hi (27,30C, 1,1atm) ca mt hirocacbon D. a) Xc nh CTCT ca B. b) Tnh s mol cc cht X, Y trong a(g) hn hp A. Xc nh CTCT ca X, Y. c) Vit phng trnh phn ng ca X vi B (theo t l 1:1). Bi 13: A l cht hu c mch h cha C, H, O v c 44,45% oxi v khi lng. Khi lng phn t ca A l 144 v.C. Khi cho A tc dng vi NaOH thu c mui B , ancol C v anehit D. Vit cng thc cu to c th c ca A, B, C, D. Bi 14: X l mt este (khng tp chc). Lm bay hi ht 14,6 gam X th thu c 2,24 lt hi ( ktc). Thc hin phn ng x phng ha 4,38 gam X th cn dng 300 ml dung dch KOH 0,2M. a. Xc nh CTCT v tn ca X, bit rng X c to bi axit hu c n chc v ru to nn X c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh v l ru bc 1. b. Vit cng thc cc ng phn cng chc ca X. p n: C6H4O4 Bi 15: Cho 11,8 gam este A tc dng va 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch B. em chng ct dung dch B, thu c 6,72 lt hi mt ru ( 136,5C; 1atm) v 13,4 gam mt mui. t chy hon ton lng mui ny, ch thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) v m gam xa. a. Tnh m. b. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca A. c tn A. T khi hi ca A < 4,5. p n: m = 10,6 gam; imetyl oxalat Bi 16: 1. Este Z ch cha C, H, O trong c 49,58% C; 6,44% H (theo khi lng). Xc nh CTPT ca Z, bit rng khi lm bay hi 5,45 gam Z thu c 0,56 lt kh Z ktc. 2. Khi x phng ha 2,18 gam Z dng 40 ml NaOH 1M. trung ha lng xt d sau phn ng x phng ha phi dng ht 20 ml dd HCl 0,5 M. Sau phn ng x phng ha ngi ta nhn c ru no B v mui natri ca axit hu c mt ln axit. Hy cho bit CTCT, tn gi ca B bit rng 11,5 gam B th hi chim th tch bng th tch ca 3,75 gam etan (cng nhit , p sut). Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 3. Vit CTCT ca Z trong 2 trng hp sau: TH1: Thy phn Z c ru no B v 1 axit duy nht. TH2: Thy phn Z c ru no B v 3 axit khc nhau. p n: 1. CTPT ca Z: C9H14O6. 2. C3H5(OH)3 (glixerol). 3. TH1: (CH3COO)3C3H5; TH2:

HCOO

CH3COO C2H5COO

C3H5

Bi 17: Cho 2,54 gam este A bay hi trong mt bnh kn dung tch 0,6 lt, nhit 136,5C. Ngi ta nhn thy khi este bay hi ht th p sut trong bnh l 425,6 mmHg. 1.Xc nh khi lng phn t ca este.

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2. thy phn 25,4 gam este A cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 6%. Mt khc khi thy phn ht 6,35 gam este A bng xt th thu c 7,05 gam mui duy nht. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn este, bit rng mt trong hai cht ru hoc axit l n chc. p n: Glixeryl triacrilat VII. HN HP ESTE V CC CHT KHC. Bi 1: Hn hp X gm axit cacboxylic n chc y v este Z (phn t cc cht ch cha C, H, O). un nng m (g) hn hp X vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c p (g) mt ancol R v 24,4 (g) hn hp rn khan E gm 2 cht c s mol bng nhau. Cho p (g) ancol R tc dng vi Na d thot ra 0,56 (l) kh. Hiu sut phn ng l 100%, cc kh o ktc. a) Xc nh CTPT ca ru R v tnh p. Bit trong R, % khi lng C v H tng ng bng 52,17% v 13,04%. b) Xc nh CTCT ca Y, Z. Tnh gi tr ca m. c) Trn u 24,4 (g) hn hp rn khan E vi CaO, sau nung nng hn hp, thu c V (l) kh G. Tnh V. p n: a) Ancol R: C2H5OH, CTPT: C2H6O. Gi tr ca p: p = 2,3 (g) b) CTCT ca Y: CH3 COOH , Z: CH3 COO C2H5. Gi tr ca m: m = 13,4 (g) c) Gi tr ca V: V = 4,48 (l) Bi 2: Hn hp E gm mt ancol n chc X, mt axit cacboxylic n chc Y v mt este Z to bi X v Y. Ly 0,13 mol hn hp E cho phn ng va vi 50 ml dd KOH 1M un nng, c p (g) ancol X. Ha hi p (g) X ri dn vo ng ng CuO nung nng, thu c anehit F. Cho ton b F tc dng ht vi lng d Ag 2O trong NH3 un nng thu c 43,2 (g) Ag. a) Xc nh CCT ca X v tnh p. b) Nu t chy hon ton 0,13 mol hn hp E bng oxi th thu c 5,6 (l) CO 2 (ktc) v 5,94 (g) H2O. Xc nh CTCT ca Y, Z v tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp E. (H = 100%) p n: a) CTCT ca X: CH3OH. Gi tr ca p: p = 3,2 (g) b) CTCT ca Y: CH3 CH2 COOH, Z: CH3 CH2 COO CH3 Thnh phn % ca X, Y, Z: 39,14%, 33,94%, 26,92%. Bi 3: Trn m1 gam mt ru n chc vi m2 gam mt axit n chc ri chia hn hp thnh ba phn bng nhau: - Cho phn (1) tc dng ht vi Na thy thot ra 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). - t chy hon ton phn (2) thu c 39,6 gam CO2. - un nng phn (3) vi H2SO4 c th thu c 10,2 gam este. Hiu sut phn ng este ha l 100%. t chy 5,1 gam este th thu c 11 gam CO2 v 4,5 gam H2O. 1.Xc nh CTPT ca ru v axit. 2.Tnh m1 v m2. p n: 9,6g CH3OH, 52,8g C3H7COOH; 44,4g C4H9OH, 13,8g HCOOH Bi 4: M l hn hp ca mt ru no A v axit hu c n chc B, u mch h. t chy 0,4 mol hn hp M cn 30,24 lt O2 ( ktc) v thu c 52,8 gam CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. 1. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A, B, bit rng: - S nguyn t cacbon trong A v B nh nhau. - Trong hn hp M s mol ca B ln hn s mol ca A. 2. Ly 0,4 mol hn hp M, thm mt t H2SO4 c lm xc tc, ri un nng mt thi gian th thu c 19,55 gam mt este duy nht. Tnh hiu sut phn ng este ha. p n: C3H6(OH)2; C2H3COOH; 85% Bi 5: Oxi ha 38 gam hn hp gm propanal, ru no n chc bc nht A v este B (to bi mt axit ng ng ca axit acrylic vi ru A) c hn hp X gm axit v este. Cho lng hn hp X phn ng vi CH 3OH (hiu sut 50%) c 32 gam hn hp este. Mt khc, cho lng X phn ng vi 0,5 lt dd NaOH. trung ha lng xt d cn dng 21,9 ml dd HCl 20% (d = 1,25 g/ml) c dd D. C cn D c hi cht hu c E, cn li 64,775 gam hn hp mui. Cho E tch nc 140oC (H2SO4 c lm xc tc) c cht F c t khi hi sao vi E l 1,61. Tm CTPT ca A, B v tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp u. p n: CTPT ca A: C2H5OH, CTPT ca B: C3H5COOC2H5. % C2H5CHO = 45,79%; % C2H5OH = 24,21%; % este = 30%. VIII. ESTE, AXIT TP CHC Bi 1: t chy 0,1 mol cht hu c A ( ch cha C, H, O) vi O2 theo t l mol 1 : 2. Sn phm chy ( gm CO2, CO v nc) c dn ton b vo bnh 1 cha PdCl 2 (CO + PdCl2 + H2O CO2 + Pd + 2HCl) ri bnh 2 cha dung dch Ca(OH) 2 c hai bnh u c d . Sau th nghim bnh 1 ch tng 0,4 gam v xut hin 21,2 gam kt ta v bnh 2 khi lng kt ta l 30 gam. 1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng . 2/ Xc nh CTPT ca A ( Cho Pd = 106). a) ng vi cng thc trn c 3 ng phn A1, A2, A3 tt c cc u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH cho ln lt 9,4 gam; 6,8 gam; v 11,2 gam mui natri nu ban u s dng l 0,1 mol mi ng phn. Xc nh CTCT ca A 1, A2, A3 v vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch A2 t A1. b) trung ho lng axit thy phn trong mt dung dch cha 77,4 gam X(l este ca A 1 vi ancol n chc B) phi dng ht 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. x phng ho lng este cn li phi dng thm th tch gp i NaOH ni trn. Xc nh X.

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c) Mt ng phn Y este khc ca X khi x phng ho vi KOH cho mui c khi lng bng 49/43 khi lng ca este. Xc nh este ng phn Y. d) Trng hp X v Y thnh polyme X v Y, Sau a X v Y phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. Vit phng trnh phn ng v gi tn sn phm. Bi 2: X phng ho mt este no n chc bng mt lng va dung dch NaOH, ch thu c mt sn phm duy nht B ( khng thu c sn phm khc d ch l lng nh) C cn dung dch sau phn ng, nung cht B vi vi ti xt n khi lng khng i thu c ancol Z v mt mui v c. t chy hon ton ancol Z thu c CO2 v hi nc c t l th tch ln lt l 3: 4. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng tng qut v xc nh CTCT c th c ca este A bit A c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. b) Hp cht n chc A1 l ng phn khc chc ho hc ca A; A1 c kh nng phn ng trng hp v c ng phn hnh hc. Vit CTCT v ng phn hnh hc ca A1. Bi 3: Mt este n chc X ( cha C, H, O v khng c nhm chc khc). T khi ca X so vi O 2 l 32,15. Xc nh CTCT ca X trong mi trng hp sau y: a/ Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 23,2 gam b rn. b/ Cho 0,15 mol X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 21 gam mui khan ( X c mch C khng phn nhnh). Bi 4: t chy hon ton 1,04 gam cht hu c th thu c 896ml CO2(ktc) v 0,72 gam H2O. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Bit rng 1,04 gam A th hi chim th tch bng th tch ca 0,32 gam oxi cng iu kin. b) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. Bit rng khi un nng A vi dung dch NaOH th thu c ancol no n chc c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 23 v mt cht B. A c kh nng tc dng vi Na gii phng H2. c) Cht B tc dng vi H2SO4 th thu c cht hu c C. Cho bit C c nhng tnh cht ho hc g?. Bi 5: Hp cht X, Y u cha cc nguyn t C, H, O khi lng phn t ca chng l MX v MY, trong MX < MY < 130 vC. Ho tan hn hp hai cht vo dung mi tr, c dung dch E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO 3 d th s mol CO2 bay ra lun lun bng tng s mol ca X v Y khng ph thuc vo tng s mol ca chng trong dung dch. Ly mt lng dung dch E cha 3,6 gam hn hp X, Y (ng vi tng s mol ca X, Y bng 0,05 mol), ri cho tc dng ht vi Na thu c 784 ml H2 (ktc). a) Hi X, Y cha cc nhm chc g? Xc nh CTPT ca chng bit chng khng c phn ng trng bc, khng lm mt mu dung dch nc brom. b) Khi tch mt phn t nc khi Y thu c Z l hn hp hai ng phn hnh hc ca nhau trong c mt ng phn c th tch bt 1 phn t nc na to thnh cht P mch vng. P khng phn ng vi dung dch NaHCO 3. Xc nh CTCT ca Y v vit phng trnh phn ng chuyn ho. Y Z P. Bi 6. t chy ht 10ml th tch hi 1 hp cht hu c A cn dng 30ml O2 sn phm thu c ch gm CO2 v hi nc c th tch bng nhau v bng th tch oxi phn ng. 1. Lp CTPT ca A, vit CTCT v cc ng phn c th tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ca A. Bit cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut. 2. Trn 2,7g A v 1,8g CH3COOH thu c hn hp B. Ly 1/2 hn hp B cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,504 lt kh H2 ktc, cn khi dn hi A qua CuO un nng s c cht E. E khng tc dng vi AgNO 3/NH3 to ra Ag. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn A, vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

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P N CC DNG BI TP ESTE * Vit cc ng phn este: n chc, a chc, no, khng no(c ng phn hnh hc). Bi 1: C4H8O2 , C4H6O2 , C4H4O4 , C8H8O2 Bi 2: * Vit cc phng trnh tnh cht ca cc este(ch cc dng este c bit) Bi 1: Bi 2: * Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca este n chc(1 este) Bi 1: HCOOC2H5. Bi 2: a/ C6H12O2; b/ CH3COOC4H9; c/ CH3COOC(CH3)3 Bi 3: C3H6O2 c 2 ng phn Bi 4: a/ C2H4O; b/ CH3COOC2H5 Bi 5: a/ CH3COOCH3; b/ 66,67% Bi 6: a/ HCOOC2H5; b/ CH3COOCH3 Bi 7: C2H3COOC6H5; V = 800ml Bi 8: C3H6O2 Bi 9: M: Na; E: CH3COOC2H5 Bi 10: a/ C4H8O2( 4 f); b/ 4 gam; t = 136,50C * Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca hn este n chc(2 este ng phn hoc khc nhau) Bi 1. HCOOC3H7(2 f) Bi 2: CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7 Bi 3: a/ C2H5OH; b/ HCOOH v HCOOC2H5 Bi 4: HCOOC3H7(75%); CH3COOC2H5(25%) hoc HCOOC3H7(87,5%); C2H5COOCH3(12,5%) Bi 5: HCOOCH3(44,78%) v CH3COOCH3(55,22%) Bi 6: a = 1,38 gam, HCOOC6H5 Bi 7: C2H5COOH; C2H5OH v C3H7OH Bi 8: CH3COOCH2-C2H3 v C2H5COOCH2-C2H3 Bi 9: CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5 Bi 10. a/ CTPT C4H6O2, c/ HCOOCH=CH-CH3 (8,6 g) v CH2=CH-COOCH3(4,3 g) Bi 11. a/ CTPT C4H8O2(a =1) c 1 pi ca nhm chc, b/ MTB=88; A: C3H6O2; B: C5H10O2 * Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este da theo sn phm v c im cu to * Hon thnh s phn ng trong c este Bi 1: * Xc nh cng thc cu to da vo tnh cht khi bit CTPT Bi 1: Bi 2: X: HCHO; Y HOCH2CHO; HOCH2CH2COOH * Xc nh cng thc cu to da vo tnh cht khi bit phn t khi v thnh phn nguyn t * Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este a chc(ch t l s mol cc mui) Bi 1: (COOC2H5)2 Bi 2: A: C3H5(OCOC17H33)3; B: C17H33COOH Bi 3: (C2H5OOC)2RCOOCH3 hay (CH3OOC)2RCOOC3H7 Bi 4. A: C7H12O4; CH3OOC-CH2-CH2COOC2H5 Bi 5. a/ (CH3COO)2C2H4; h =80% Bi 6. (HCOO)2C2H4 v (CH3COO)2C2H4; a = 19,38; b = 0,38 Bi 7. (CH3COO)3C3H5 Bi 8. CH3OOC-CH=CH-COOC3H7 Bi 9. C2H5OOC-C4H8-COOC3H7 hoc CH3OOC-C4H8-COOC4H9 Bi 10. A: (CH3COO)2C2H4; B: CH3COO-C(CH)3=CH-CH3; Y: C2H4(OH)2; X: CH3COOH Bi 11. a/ p = 2,686 atm; B: (COOH)2; D: C2H6 hoc B:CH2(COOH)2; D: CH4 Bi 12. a/ B:C2H4(OH)2; b/ X:CH2(COOH)2; Y: (CH3COO)2C2H4; c/ CH2(COO)2C2H4 Bi 13: A: C6H8O4; CH2=CH-OOC-COOC2H5 hoc CH2=CH-OOC-CH2-COOCH3 * Hn hp este v axit. * Este, axit tp chc Bi 1: A: C3H4O2; A1:C2H3COOH; A2HCOOC2H3; A3: este vng; X: C2H3COOCH3; Y: CH3COOC2H3 Bi 2: a/ este vng C4H6O2; A1: CH3-CH=CH-COOH Bi 3: a/ C2H5COOC2H3; b/ este vng C5H8O2 Bi 4: a/ C4H8O3; b/ HOCH2COOC2H5; Bi 5: a/ TH1: CH3COOH(0,03); HOC2H4COOH(0,02); TH2: CH3COOH(0,04); (HO)2C3H5COOH(0,01)(3 f) b/ HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-COOH HO-CH2-CH=CH-COOH este vng Bi 6. a/ C3H6O3; CH3-CH(OH)-COOH Bi 7: CH3COO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OOC-CH3

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