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Morpho-syntax and Semantics of the English language 05/06 HOMEWORK 2Prof. Pilar Ron Vaz Due May 30th, 2006

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Name

A. True or false? [1 point]Conversion is not a very productive word formation process in English. T F

The head of a compound is always the last word. T F

The structure of a compound determines its meaning. T F

A phrase can contain another phrase and even a clause inside it. T F

There may be more than one lexical verb in a clause. T F

The verb in a subordinate clause is always finite. T F

Auxiliary verbs can appear as the only verb in a clause. T F

Noun phrases cannot function as adverbials. T F

A dynamic verb may not appear in a progressive form. T F

A lexical verb may appear before a subject. T F

B. The words in column 2 have been created from the corresponding word incolumn 1. Indicate the word formation process responsible for the creation of

each word in column 2. [1 point]

Column 1 Column 2 Word formation process(a) loan, word loanword compoundingcompoundingcompoundingcompounding

(b) babysitter babysit Back formationBack formationBack formationBack formation

(c) compact disc CD AcronymAcronymAcronymAcronym

(d) empty to empty ConversionConversionConversionConversion

(e) advertisement ad ClippingClippingClippingClipping(f) boy boyish AffixationAffixationAffixationAffixation

(g) a squeak to squeak ConversionConversionConversionConversion

(h) refrigerator fridge ClippingClippingClippingClipping

(i) Spanish, English Spanglish BlendingBlendingBlendingBlending

(j) laboratory lab ClippingClippingClippingClipping

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C. Identify all the verb forms in the following sentences and classify them [1 point].Provide the following information:

1. Say whether each verb is finite or non-finite2. Say whether each verb is lexical, linking or auxiliary3. If the verb is lexical say whether it isa. transitive, intransitive, or ditransitive

b. dynamic or stative4. If the verb is auxiliary say whether it is a modal or not.

(a) John could have arrived here sooner.Could: finite, auxiliary, modalCould: finite, auxiliary, modalCould: finite, auxiliary, modalCould: finite, auxiliary, modalHave: nonHave: nonHave: nonHave: nonfinite, auxiliary, nonfinite, auxiliary, nonfinite, auxiliary, nonfinite, auxiliary, nonmodalmodalmodalmodalArrived: nonArrived: nonArrived: nonArrived: nonfinite, lexical, intransitive, dynamicfinite, lexical, intransitive, dynamicfinite, lexical, intransitive, dynamicfinite, lexical, intransitive, dynamic

(b) Jessica doesnt need to tell you anything.Does: finite, auxiliary, nonDoes: finite, auxiliary, nonDoes: finite, auxiliary, nonDoes: finite, auxiliary, nonmodalmodalmodalmodalNeed: nonNeed: nonNeed: nonNeed: nonfinite, lexical, transitive, stativefinite, lexical, transitive, stativefinite, lexical, transitive, stativefinite, lexical, transitive, stativeTell: nonTell: nonTell: nonTell: nonfinite, lexical, ditransitive, dynamicfinite, lexical, ditransitive, dynamicfinite, lexical, ditransitive, dynamicfinite, lexical, ditransitive, dynamic

(c) Peter seems tired tonight.Seem: finite, linkingSeem: finite, linkingSeem: finite, linkingSeem: finite, linking

(d) Daniel would love you if you could smile more often.Would: finite, auxiliary, modalWould: finite, auxiliary, modalWould: finite, auxiliary, modalWould: finite, auxiliary, modalLove: nonLove: nonLove: nonLove: nonfinite, lexical, transitive, stativefinite, lexical, transitive, stativefinite, lexical, transitive, stativefinite, lexical, transitive, stativeCould: finite, auxiliary, modalCould: finite, auxiliary, modalCould: finite, auxiliary, modalCould: finite, auxiliary, modalSmile: nonSmile: nonSmile: nonSmile: nonfinite, lexical, intransitive, dynamicfinite, lexical, intransitive, dynamicfinite, lexical, intransitive, dynamicfinite, lexical, intransitive, dynamic

(e) Who did Sally give her present to?Did: finite, auxiliary, nonDid: finite, auxiliary, nonDid: finite, auxiliary, nonDid: finite, auxiliary, nonmodalmodalmodalmodal

Give: nonGive: nonGive: nonGive: nonfinite, lfinite, lfinite, lfinite, lexical, ditransitive, dynamicexical, ditransitive, dynamicexical, ditransitive, dynamicexical, ditransitive, dynamic

D. Explain, using your own words the difference between the following. Exemplifyyour answer [2 points]

(a) The difference between AGO and BEFORE.Both locate a point in time in the past, but AGO meansBoth locate a point in time in the past, but AGO meansBoth locate a point in time in the past, but AGO meansBoth locate a point in time in the past, but AGO meansbefore now, and AGO means befobefore now, and AGO means befobefore now, and AGO means befobefore now, and AGO means before another point in the pasre another point in the pasre another point in the pasre another point in the past.t.t.t.

Sally went to London three weeks ago, because she hadSally went to London three weeks ago, because she hadSally went to London three weeks ago, because she hadSally went to London three weeks ago, because she hadalready gone to Paris a month before.already gone to Paris a month before.already gone to Paris a month before.already gone to Paris a month before.

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(b) The difference between using the present perfect and using the presentperfect progressive.

In both cases we talk about an action thaIn both cases we talk about an action thaIn both cases we talk about an action thaIn both cases we talk about an action that starts in the pastt starts in the pastt starts in the pastt starts in the past

and continues up to the present but the present perfect isand continues up to the present but the present perfect isand continues up to the present but the present perfect isand continues up to the present but the present perfect isused when the action is finished, when the action is seen asused when the action is finished, when the action is seen asused when the action is finished, when the action is seen asused when the action is finished, when the action is seen as

permanent or when we focus on the result of the action; thepermanent or when we focus on the result of the action; thepermanent or when we focus on the result of the action; thepermanent or when we focus on the result of the action; thepresent perfect progressive is used when the action maypresent perfect progressive is used when the action maypresent perfect progressive is used when the action maypresent perfect progressive is used when the action may notnotnotnotbe finished, when the action is seen as temporary or when webe finished, when the action is seen as temporary or when webe finished, when the action is seen as temporary or when webe finished, when the action is seen as temporary or when wefocus on the length of time the action has taken.focus on the length of time the action has taken.focus on the length of time the action has taken.focus on the length of time the action has taken.

I have been doing exercises for three hours. I have done tenI have been doing exercises for three hours. I have done tenI have been doing exercises for three hours. I have done tenI have been doing exercises for three hours. I have done tenexercises, but I still have to do some more.exercises, but I still have to do some more.exercises, but I still have to do some more.exercises, but I still have to do some more.

(c) The difference between using the simple present and using the presentprogressive.

In both cases we talk about an action in the present or aIn both cases we talk about an action in the present or aIn both cases we talk about an action in the present or aIn both cases we talk about an action in the present or aplanned action in the future. The simple present is used forplanned action in the future. The simple present is used forplanned action in the future. The simple present is used forplanned action in the future. The simple present is used forhabitual actions and for permanent actions (or for very surehabitual actions and for permanent actions (or for very surehabitual actions and for permanent actions (or for very surehabitual actions and for permanent actions (or for very surethings in the near future)things in the near future)things in the near future)things in the near future); the present progressive is used for; the present progressive is used for; the present progressive is used for; the present progressive is used foractions that are happening right now or for temporary situationactions that are happening right now or for temporary situationactions that are happening right now or for temporary situationactions that are happening right now or for temporary situation(or for planned actions in the near future)(or for planned actions in the near future)(or for planned actions in the near future)(or for planned actions in the near future)

I usually use my laptop computer every day, but tright now II usually use my laptop computer every day, but tright now II usually use my laptop computer every day, but tright now II usually use my laptop computer every day, but tright now Iam using my sisters computer.am using my sisters computer.am using my sisters computer.am using my sisters computer.

(d) The difference between a lexical verb and an auxiliary verb.A lexical verb is the main verb of a main clause. It has theA lexical verb is the main verb of a main clause. It has theA lexical verb is the main verb of a main clause. It has theA lexical verb is the main verb of a main clause. It has the

primary meaningprimary meaningprimary meaningprimary meaning, it can be the only verb in the clause, it can be the only verb in the clause, it can be the only verb in the clause, it can be the only verb in the clause. Auxiliary. Auxiliary. Auxiliary. Auxiliaryverbs help the lexical verb express grammatical meanings. In averbs help the lexical verb express grammatical meanings. In averbs help the lexical verb express grammatical meanings. In averbs help the lexical verb express grammatical meanings. In a

clause there can onlyclause there can onlyclause there can onlyclause there can only be one lexical verb; it appears afterbe one lexical verb; it appears afterbe one lexical verb; it appears afterbe one lexical verb; it appears afterthe auxiliary verbsthe auxiliary verbsthe auxiliary verbsthe auxiliary verbs, after, after, after, after the subject and after the negativethe subject and after the negativethe subject and after the negativethe subject and after the negativeadverb NOT. Auxiliary verbs may appearadverb NOT. Auxiliary verbs may appearadverb NOT. Auxiliary verbs may appearadverb NOT. Auxiliary verbs may appear before the subjectbefore the subjectbefore the subjectbefore the subjectand the negative adverb. There may be several auxiliary verbsand the negative adverb. There may be several auxiliary verbsand the negative adverb. There may be several auxiliary verbsand the negative adverb. There may be several auxiliary verbsin a clause and they appear beforein a clause and they appear beforein a clause and they appear beforein a clause and they appear before the lexical verb.the lexical verb.the lexical verb.the lexical verb.

Did you read the newspapers today?Did you read the newspapers today?Did you read the newspapers today?Did you read the newspapers today?

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E. The following sentences may have some mistakes. Identify the mistake(s),correct them AND explain the source of the mistake. There may be sentenceswithout mistakes and there may be sentences with more than one mistake! If thesentence is correct write CORRECT next to it. [2.5 points]

(a) The woman that she had spoken earlier ate with us.The woman thatThe woman thatThe woman thatThe woman that had spoken earlier ate with us.had spoken earlier ate with us.had spoken earlier ate with us.had spoken earlier ate with us.

The subject of theThe subject of theThe subject of theThe subject of the relativerelativerelativerelative clause is repeated and thereclause is repeated and thereclause is repeated and thereclause is repeated and therecan only be one subject.can only be one subject.can only be one subject.can only be one subject.

(b) In Huelva is found an interesting monument.AAAAn interesting monumentn interesting monumentn interesting monumentn interesting monument is foundis foundis foundis found iiiin Huelvan Huelvan Huelvan Huelva....

The word order is incorrect; it has to be subject + verb +The word order is incorrect; it has to be subject + verb +The word order is incorrect; it has to be subject + verb +The word order is incorrect; it has to be subject + verb +subject complement.subject complement.subject complement.subject complement.

(c) I am understanding the lesson now.IIII understandunderstandunderstandunderstand the lesson now.the lesson now.the lesson now.the lesson now.

UnderstandUnderstandUnderstandUnderstand is a stative verb and stative verbs cannotis a stative verb and stative verbs cannotis a stative verb and stative verbs cannotis a stative verb and stative verbs cannotappeappeappeappear in the progressive tenses.ar in the progressive tenses.ar in the progressive tenses.ar in the progressive tenses.

(d) The students are going to go to Paris next spring.The students are goingThe students are goingThe students are goingThe students are going ttttoooo Paris next spring.Paris next spring.Paris next spring.Paris next spring.

The expressionThe expressionThe expressionThe expression be going tobe going tobe going tobe going to to express a future plannedto express a future plannedto express a future plannedto express a future plannedaction cannot be used with verbs of movement like GO;action cannot be used with verbs of movement like GO;action cannot be used with verbs of movement like GO;action cannot be used with verbs of movement like GO;instead we use the present progressive.instead we use the present progressive.instead we use the present progressive.instead we use the present progressive.

(e) Did Donna worked hard?Did Donna workDid Donna workDid Donna workDid Donna work hard?hard?hard?hard?

DID and WORKED aDID and WORKED aDID and WORKED aDID and WORKED are both finite forms of the verb, and inre both finite forms of the verb, and inre both finite forms of the verb, and inre both finite forms of the verb, and ina clause there can only be a finite form (the first one)a clause there can only be a finite form (the first one)a clause there can only be a finite form (the first one)a clause there can only be a finite form (the first one)

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F. Translate the following sentences into English. Hint: Do not try to do a literaltranslation, Instead try to express in English what you have here in Spanish [2.5points]

(a) Cuando llegaste a la estacin, llevaba media hora esperando el autobs.When you arrived at the station I had been waiting for theWhen you arrived at the station I had been waiting for theWhen you arrived at the station I had been waiting for theWhen you arrived at the station I had been waiting for thebus for half an hour.bus for half an hour.bus for half an hour.bus for half an hour.

(b) Desde hace cuatro semanas he estado leyendo un libro de historia de laguerra civil.

I have been reading a Civil War History book since four weeksI have been reading a Civil War History book since four weeksI have been reading a Civil War History book since four weeksI have been reading a Civil War History book since four weeks

ago.ago.ago.ago.....

(c) Esa jugadora de tenis habr ganado un milln de dlares dentro de un mes.That tennisThat tennisThat tennisThat tennis plaplaplaplayeryeryeryer willwillwillwill have wonhave wonhave wonhave won a million dollars in a month.a million dollars in a month.a million dollars in a month.a million dollars in a month.....

(d) Cundo comprasteis esas mesas? La mesa del comedor la compramoshace dos meses y la mesa de la cocina dos semanas antes.

WhenWhenWhenWhen diddiddiddid you boy those tables?you boy those tables?you boy those tables?you boy those tables? We bought the dinningWe bought the dinningWe bought the dinningWe bought the dinningroomroomroomroomtable two months ago, and the kitchen table two weekstable two months ago, and the kitchen table two weekstable two months ago, and the kitchen table two weekstable two months ago, and the kitchen table two weeks befobefobefobefore.re.re.re.

(e) Durante dos meses estuve viviendo en Bristol, pero ahora estoy viviendo enPlymouth.

I lived in Bristol for two months, but right now I am living inI lived in Bristol for two months, but right now I am living inI lived in Bristol for two months, but right now I am living inI lived in Bristol for two months, but right now I am living inPlymouth.Plymouth.Plymouth.Plymouth.....

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