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haddouti.de 1
Hachim Haddouti
Munich, Germany
Transparency of Administrative
Structures – eGovernment?
haddouti.de 2
Agenda
Motivation
„Definition“ & Scope
Opportunities and Issues
Status in Europe
Some European Projects
Conclusion & Discussion
haddouti.de 3
Motivation
Transparency in administrative processes is imperative
Pressure of New Public Management Foreign
Investment need speedy reaction
Inclusion instead of exclusion
speaking the same language as other high developed countries (platform, cooperation)
haddouti.de 4
Definition
eGovernment deliver public services online, and not in-line, by using new technologies to enhance participation in the democratic process
E-government promises to make government service-oriented, reliable, innovative, more efficient, responsive, transparent and legitimate.
Limitation to eCommerce/eBusiness
haddouti.de 5
Scope of eGov
• Income taxes
• Job search
• Social security benefits
• Personal documents
• Car registration
• Application for building permission
• Declaration to the police
• Public libraries
• Birth & marriage certificates
• Enrolment in higher education
• Announcement of moving
• Health-related services
Citizens Businesses• Social contribution for employees
• Corporate tax
• VAT
• Registration of a new company
• Submission of statistical data
• Customs declaration
• Environment-related permits
• Public procurement
haddouti.de 6
Levels of eGovernment Information services (one-way interaction): government information via
static and database-based web pages to citizens, tourists, businesses, and
other users.
Communication services (two-way interaction): collaborative technology
such as e-mail, discussion forums and chat to facilitate dialog, participation
and feedback in planning and policy-making procedures.
Transaction services (full electronic case handling): online forms,
document/content management, workflow and payment, such as applying
for social benefits, file tax returns, registering cars, filing address changes.
This requires sophisticated and well adopted technologies, e.g. digital
signature, smart cards.
haddouti.de 7
Opportunities The information technology is promoting e-government in
different ways:
– Deliver electronic public services: a single point of access, 24/7.
– Move from exclusion to inclusion, from passivity to active participation, from
apathy to activism.
– long-life learning
– Foster economic development (developing local skills, setting up the suitable
platform, policies and regulations for eBusiness, e.g. digital signature.
– Citizens are customers: customer relationships --> citizen re-gain their trust
and confidence in the public sector.
– e-Government can lead to direct democracy, social control, interactions, de-
bureaucratization and transparency.
haddouti.de 8
Issues: No Money! No eGov?
Lack the in-house expertise and project management skills:
Public private partnership could help. Government will be partnering with the private sector to quickly and efficiently implement solutions such as government portals. (example of Microsoft Passport)
Partnering of these governments with the European Union is also of high interest in order to accelerate their common business and administrative processes.
haddouti.de 9
Ethical Impact
IT has an effect on responsibility as well as democracy. IT changes distributions of
power, money, rights, or obligations.
Computers and IT sometimes change the distribution of power in an undesirable
way. People with power over information also dominate democracies.
the traditionally poor now also become the information poor and are increasingly
separated.
The increasing domination of the Internet by commercial interests which then
threaten to dominate democracy as well.
Other usual ethical problems such as privacy, intellectual property, surveillance,
quality of data etc, all of which can threaten the legitimacy of democracy.
haddouti.de 10
1. Income-generating services
Financial flows from citizens and businesses to the government
(mainly taxes and social contributions)
2. Registration
Recording object- or person-related data in official registers due
to administrative obligations (eg. Car registration, registration of a
new company)
3. Returns
Public services given to citizens and businesses in return for taxes
and contributions (eg. Social security benefits, public libraries)
4. Permits & Licenses
Documents delivered by governmental bodies, which allow you to drive, to travel, to build a
house,…
Status in EuropeFOUR PUBLIC SERVICE CLUSTERS
Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young StudySource: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study
haddouti.de 11
0%20%40%60%80%
100%S
NOR
FIN
ISL
DK
IRL
UK
FPE
EL
I
A
D
B
L
NL
0%20%40%60%80%
100%S
NOR
FIN
ISL
DK
IRL
UK
FPE
EL
I
A
D
B
L
NL
Results: (2) service contentFOUR PUBLIC SERVICE CLUSTERS
1. Income-generating services 2. Registration
3. Returns 4. Permits & Licenses
Cluster average: 62% Cluster average: 44%
Cluster average: 40% Cluster average: 33%
Survey average: 45%
0%20%40%60%80%
100%S
NOR
FIN
ISL
DK
IRL
UK
FPE
EL
I
A
D
B
L
NL
0%20%40%
60%80%
100%S
NOR
FIN
ISL
DK
IRL
UK
FPE
EL
I
A
D
B
L
NL
Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young StudySource: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study
Surevy Results
haddouti.de 12
1. Income-generating services
Best scoring service: Income taxes
ITALY http://www.agenziaentrate.it
Ministero dell'economia e delle finanze
Income taxes
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
DK F
EL
ISL I
NO
R P E
UK D NL A
FIN
IRL B S L
countries
de
gre
e o
f on-
line
so
phi
stic
atio
n
Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young StudySource: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study
haddouti.de 13
Results: (2) service content2. Registration
Best scoring service: Registration of a new company
http://www.dgrn.mj.ptPORTUGAL
Ministério da Justiça
Registration of a new company
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A
DK P S I
FIN F
EL
ISL
IRL
NL
NO
R
UK B L E
D
countries
degre
e o
f on-lin
e
sophis
ticatio
n
Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young StudySource: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study
haddouti.de 14
Public procurement
3. Returns
Best scoring service: Job search services
BELGIUM
VDAB
http://www.hotjob.be
http://www.vdab.be
FOREM
Job search services
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A
DK F
D I
NO
R S
IRL B
FIN EL
ISL
NL
UK E L P
countries
de
gre
e o
f on
-lin
e
sop
his
tica
tion
Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young StudySource: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study
haddouti.de 15
Personal documents
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A
IRL P
UK
EL F I
S
B
NL
FIN
DK
NO
R
ISL E D
L
countries
de
gre
e o
f on-
line
so
phi
stic
atio
n
4. Permits & Licenses
Best scoring service: Personal documents
http://www.oasis.gov.ieIRELAND
OASIS
Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young StudySource: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study
haddouti.de 16
Example 1: Coordinated eGovernment solutions
eGovernment solutions
E n g l i s h
A n n u a i r e s
A n n u a i r e d e s s e r v i c e s d e l ' a d m i n i s t r a t i o n
S i t e s i n t e r n e t p u b l i c s
n a t i o n a u x , l o c a u x e u r o p é e n s
o r g a n i s a t i o n s i n t e r n a t i o n a l e s
E t a t s é t r a n g e r s T e x t e s e t r a p p o r t s
L e g i f r a n c e : j o u r n a l o ffi c ie l , c o d e s , l o i s e t d é c r e t s
R a p p o r t s p u b l i c s T r a v a i l l e r d a n s l ' a d m i n i s t r a t i o n
c o n c o u r s d e l a f o n c t i o n p u b l i q u e , b o u r s e s d e l ' e m p l o i . . .
P R O F E S S I O N N E L S E T E N T R E P R I S E S
F o r m u l a i r e s e n l i g n e
T é l é s e r v i c e s p u b l i c s Q u e s t i o n s - r é p o n s e s
M a r c h é s p u b l i c s ( B O A M P )
C o n v e n t i o n s c o l l e c t i v e s
A d r e s s e s u t i l e s
T a p e z l e s m o t s d e v o t r e r e c h e r c h e
R e c h e r c h e
a v a n c é e
P A R T I C U L I E R S : V O S D R O I T S E T D É M A R C H E S
F o r m u l a i r e s e n l i g n e
T é l é s e r v i c e s p u b l i c s
A d r e s s e s u t i l e s
A c h a t , a r g e n t A r m é e A s s u r a n c e C o n s o m m a t io n E le c t i o n s E m p lo i , t r a v a i l E n s e ig n e m e n t E n v i r o n n e m e n t E t r a n g e r s e n F r a n c e E u r o p e F a m i l l e F o r m a t io n
H a n d ic a p é s I m p ô t s , t a x e s e t d o u a n e J u s t i c e L o g e m e n t P a p ie r s R e la t i o n s a v e c l ' a d m in i s t r a t i o n R e t r a i t e S a n t é T r a n s p o r t s V a c a n c e s , l o i s i r s V ie a s s o c i a t i v e
P o s e z v o t r e q u e s t i o n
A c t u a l i t é s
P A S S A G E A L ' E U R O L e s p r e m iè r e s p i è c e s e n e u r o s d i s p o n ib le s d è s l e 1 4 d é c e m b r e p r o c h a in .
E L E C T I O N S - Q u a n d a u r o n t l i e u l e s p r é s id e n t ie l l e s ? 3 5 H - V o s q u e s t io n s l e s p lu s p o s é e s s u r " I n f o e m p lo i " . S E C U - R e m b o u r s e m e n t s : s ' i n f o r m e r e n l i g n e . T A X E D ' H A B I T A T I O N - P a i e m e n t a v a n t l e 1 6 n o v e m b r e . I M P Ô T l D E M A R C H E S l E U R O T o u s n o s d o s s i e r s . . .
L e s r u b r i q u e s d e l ' A c t u A g e n d a l P e r s p e c t i v e s C h r o n iq u e s l D é c o u v r i r M é t é o l I n f o r m a t io n r o u t iè r e
L a l e t t r e d ' a c t u a l i t é
P o u r l a r e c e v o i r , t a p e z v o t r e m é l .
C o n s u l t e r l e s a r c h i v e s D r o i t d ' a c c è s e t r e c t ifi c a t i o n
Example:
www.service-public.fr
(portal site for citizens)
Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young StudySource: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study
haddouti.de 17
Example 2: EUROCITIES
EUROCITIES wants to ensure that urban affairs are placed high on the European
Union’s policy agenda: Most decisions taken at EU level affect cities and their citizens
(making their voices heard).
EUROCITIES wants to promote transnational cooperation projects between its member
cities across Europe: facilitate their coordination and help provide access to EU-funding.
EUROCITIES wants to foster a networking spirit amongst Europe’s large cities: whilst
having different cultural, socio-economic and political realities they share common
challenges and solutions.
http://www.eurocities.org
haddouti.de 18
Example 3: E-Governance: The Case of the Finnish Parliament
The most important document management project in the Finnish public administration ever
for Better services for the citizens.
Project Partner: University of Jyväskylä, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance,
Ministry of Justice , Prime Minister’s Office, and a publishing house
The effects of the standardization have concerned documents, document production,
archiving practices, information distribution, and inter-organisational collaboration.
Standardization of parliamentary documents based on SGML/XML (DTD for 21 document
types in both official languages Finnish and Swedish)
Savings in Printing cost 40-50 %, improved the accessibility of information and thus supports
democracy and transparency of governance
haddouti.de 19
Example 4: eVote: Practical Electronic Large Scale Elections
The primary aim of this project is to create a secure and cost-efficient electronic balloting
system that makes it possible for voters to vote from their PCs at home.
Traditional election systems are costly, inefficient and error prone. Consider for example the
US presidential election!
the most important requirements on an election: correctness, valid voters and anonymity of
the voter
Electronic Election Systems: an election protocol system by using traditional cryptographic
primitives like encryption, commitments, and computational proofs.
SICS:
http://www.sics.se/arc/evote.html
haddouti.de 20
Summary
eGov is in principle nothing new, but an interesting, or maybe imperative application
Start small: no big ban! Quick Win
Look at partnerships with industry, with most developed countries, at funding programs of EU and other organization
Think of all issues (organizational, social, ethical, legal, technical etc.), also of back-offices
Remember: online and not in-line!
haddouti.de 21
GraciasGracias
DankeDanke MerciMerci
Thank youThank you