HADRIAN’S VILLA HADRIAN’S VILLA AT TIVOLLIAT TIVOLLI

Hadrian’s Villa Hadrian’s Villa was built between was built between 118-34 AD.118-34 AD.

it went through it went through two phases of two phases of building.building.

in 125 the second in 125 the second began after began after Hadrian arrived Hadrian arrived backed from his backed from his travels abroad, travels abroad, much of which was much of which was spent in Athens.spent in Athens.

it was an it was an extravagant extravagant Roman country Roman country palace covering palace covering 1.5 square 1.5 square kilometres.kilometres.

it was built at it was built at Tivolli, 15km Tivolli, 15km north of Rome.north of Rome.

this meant this meant Hadrian could Hadrian could live outside the live outside the city and away city and away from the citizens from the citizens when he was at when he was at Rome.Rome.

The Villa was a collection of many buildings The Villa was a collection of many buildings whichwhich

included: included: pools (decorative and swimming), pools (decorative and swimming), private and guest’s quarters. private and guest’s quarters. lavish reception rooms, lavish reception rooms, an exercise yard,an exercise yard, recreation halls, recreation halls, libraries, libraries, gardens, gardens, baths.baths.

MANY BUILDINGS WERE MANY BUILDINGS WERE NAMED AFTER BUILDINGS NAMED AFTER BUILDINGS

OR PLACES HADRIAN OR PLACES HADRIAN VISITED.VISITED.

POIKILEPOIKILE = named after Stoa Poikile (Painted = named after Stoa Poikile (Painted Stoa) in Athens.Stoa) in Athens.

ACADEMYACADEMY = named after a district in Athens = named after a district in Athens which was which was

associated with philiosophy.associated with philiosophy. VALE OF THE TEMPEVALE OF THE TEMPE = named after a area in = named after a area in

Thessaly in Thessaly in northern northern Greece.Greece.

CANOPUSCANOPUS = named after an island in the Nile in = named after an island in the Nile in Egypt.Egypt.

BUT…BUT… none of these structures are copies of the none of these structures are copies of the

original structures. original structures.

CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES USED IN TECHNIQUES USED IN

BUILDINGSBUILDINGS the walls are brick faced concrete is used the walls are brick faced concrete is used throughout and covered with stucco. throughout and covered with stucco.

some walls were some walls were decorated with decorated with mosaics and frescoes. mosaics and frescoes.

floors were paved floors were paved with polychrome with polychrome marbles. marbles.

sometimes the sometimes the floors were even set floors were even set with both with both polychrome and monochrome mosaics. polychrome and monochrome mosaics.

EGYPTIAN ELEMENTS IN EGYPTIAN ELEMENTS IN THE VILLATHE VILLA

the crocodile the crocodile sculptures that sculptures that surround the surround the Canopus canal.Canopus canal.

long-ness of the pool long-ness of the pool representing the representing the Nile itself.Nile itself.

Egyptian granite Egyptian granite used in the used in the courtyard of the courtyard of the Piazza D’Oro.Piazza D’Oro.

GREEKGREEK ELEMENTSELEMENTS IN IN THE VILLATHE VILLA

mosaics of many colours mosaics of many colours (polychrome).(polychrome).

double colonnades.double colonnades. Corinthian capitals.Corinthian capitals. Caryatids and copies of other Caryatids and copies of other

Greek sculptures.Greek sculptures. names of certain buildings.names of certain buildings.

ROMAN ELEMENTS IN THE ROMAN ELEMENTS IN THE VILLAVILLA

use of the arch and vault.use of the arch and vault. the types of buildings and the the types of buildings and the

layout of these buildings.layout of these buildings. decoration with mosaics and decoration with mosaics and

frescoes.frescoes.

HADRIANIC ELEMENTS IN HADRIANIC ELEMENTS IN THE VILLATHE VILLA

the circular nature of the the circular nature of the buildings show Hadrian’s buildings show Hadrian’s interest in architectural interest in architectural form and design.form and design.

use of curves, domes, and use of curves, domes, and pumpkin domes.pumpkin domes.

interior space given much interior space given much more emphasis than ever more emphasis than ever before.before.

incorporation of water into incorporation of water into the architectural plan.the architectural plan.

fondness of polychrome fondness of polychrome mosaics and Greek statues.mosaics and Greek statues.

PIAZZA D’OROPIAZZA D’ORO Piazza D’Oro means “Golden Court” because of Piazza D’Oro means “Golden Court” because of

its yellow mosaics found in the courtyard and its yellow mosaics found in the courtyard and because of the wealth of finds discovered here. because of the wealth of finds discovered here.

the dimension of the courtyard was 60m x the dimension of the courtyard was 60m x 51m.51m.

it had a double colonnade which had twice as it had a double colonnade which had twice as many columns on the outside as on the inside.many columns on the outside as on the inside.

groups of rooms and entrance chambers groups of rooms and entrance chambers surrounded the central court.surrounded the central court.

a long pool ran down the centre of the a long pool ran down the centre of the courtyard and was surrounded by gardens.courtyard and was surrounded by gardens.

GREATGREAT COLONNADEDCOLONNADED CENTRALCENTRAL COURTYARDCOURTYARD

the courtyard was entered through a the courtyard was entered through a “pumpkin” domed vestibule on the north-west “pumpkin” domed vestibule on the north-west side. side.

on the south-eastern wall was another dome on the south-eastern wall was another dome that was pierced by a central light hole. Off that was pierced by a central light hole. Off this dome are 4 small rooms that are screened this dome are 4 small rooms that are screened by two columns each that were used to receive by two columns each that were used to receive guests. guests.

these rooms were lit by other rooms with light these rooms were lit by other rooms with light wells in their roofs. wells in their roofs.

their walls alternate between convex and their walls alternate between convex and concave curves which helps to create the effect concave curves which helps to create the effect of movement. of movement.

a curved a curved nymphaeumnymphaeum comes off this dome and comes off this dome and has an artificial grotto complete with a pool. has an artificial grotto complete with a pool.

MARITIME MARITIME THEATRE THEATRE this was NOT a theatre at all this was NOT a theatre at all

but Hadrian’s private but Hadrian’s private retreat. retreat.

this circular island is this circular island is surrounded by:surrounded by:1.1. a moat,a moat,2.2. a barrel vaulted portico,a barrel vaulted portico,3.3. a colonnade of un-fluted a colonnade of un-fluted

Corinthian columns, Corinthian columns, 4.4. a high circular wall. a high circular wall.

these helped to keep it these helped to keep it separate from the rest of the separate from the rest of the Villa. Villa.

the only access onto the the only access onto the island was over two island was over two drawbridges. drawbridges.

air, light and visibility was air, light and visibility was provided by columns instead provided by columns instead of a solid wall. of a solid wall.

ROOMS ON THE ISLANDROOMS ON THE ISLAND bathing facilities and a plunge pool,bathing facilities and a plunge pool, a portico and a perisytle courtyard, a portico and a perisytle courtyard, two small two small

bedrooms, bedrooms, a dining a dining

room or room or TricliniumTriclinium..

MARITIME THEATREMARITIME THEATRE

CANOPUS CANALCANOPUS CANAL was constructed between 131-134 AD.was constructed between 131-134 AD. the canopus canal was a long pool with semi-circular the canopus canal was a long pool with semi-circular

ends surrounded by columns and statues with a ends surrounded by columns and statues with a large half-dome at one end. large half-dome at one end.

design influenced design influenced by temple of by temple of Serapis in Serapis in Canopus, Egypt. Canopus, Egypt.

copies of Greek copies of Greek originals sculptures originals sculptures surround the pool. surround the pool.

there are Caryatids there are Caryatids adapted from those adapted from those seen on the seen on the Acropolis in Athens. Acropolis in Athens.

SERAPEUMSERAPEUM inside the half-dome is the Nymphaeum inside the half-dome is the Nymphaeum

(fountain) where water trickled into niches (fountain) where water trickled into niches built into the pumice walls. built into the pumice walls.

there was also an there was also an outdoor dining area outdoor dining area with a with a permanent permanent concrete couch for concrete couch for relaxing and eating. relaxing and eating.

the walls were the walls were lined with glass lined with glass mosaics. mosaics.

GREEK AND LATIN GREEK AND LATIN LIBRARIESLIBRARIES

these were two buildings next to the these were two buildings next to the northern colonnaded wall. northern colonnaded wall.

they were probably more of a dining they were probably more of a dining area than a library. area than a library.

GUEST ROOMSGUEST ROOMS

to the west of the complex were the to the west of the complex were the Palace’s guest rooms.Palace’s guest rooms.

there were five rooms on either side there were five rooms on either side of a central passageway with floors of a central passageway with floors that are intricately patterned with that are intricately patterned with black and white mosaics.black and white mosaics.

POIKILEPOIKILE this was a long area (232m x 97m) this was a long area (232m x 97m)

with a portico on all four sides.with a portico on all four sides. it held a long pool (107m x 26m). it held a long pool (107m x 26m). a shady portico (a row of columns a shady portico (a row of columns

connected by a vaulted roof to a connected by a vaulted roof to a wall) surrounded the area.wall) surrounded the area.

HADESHADES these were long underground these were long underground

passageways near the Academy that passageways near the Academy that took their name from the took their name from the Underworld.Underworld.