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Clinical Conference II (VCC511)HEMONCHOSIS IN SHEEP
Presenters: Arjun Chapagain,Roll no. 02 Aruna Shrestha, Roll no.03 Ashok subedi, Roll no.04 Lekh Nath Adhikari Roll
no.14 Prafulla Regmi, Roll no.18 Prateema Acharya, Roll
no.20 Sandeep Raj Karna, Roll.24
Case:
Date:2066.11.21 Name of the owner: IAAS
Livestock farm. Address:Rampur,
Chitwan,Nepal Species: Sheep Age: 6 months Chief Complaints:
Aneroxia since 15 days.
Dullness,depression.
mild diarrhoea
History
No deworming history since six months in the flock Grazed in molasses pasture. No concentrate feeding.
Clinical Examination
Mucous membane: Pale (anaemic) Increased respiration and pulse rate. Rough and dull wool Fecal examination: egg of nematode
Nematodiasis
Treatment
Fluid therapyRintose 200 ml for 2 days B complexTribivet 2ml daily for three days DewormingAlgon 200 mg tab at haust.Died after 4days
Tentative Diagnosis
POSTMORTEM LESIONS
Pale carcass. Increase peritoneal fluid Watery blood Abomasum: Ulceration,
Innumerable amount of 15–30 mm long round worms in which white ovaries that coil around the intestines which were filled with blood.
It was easily recognized by its trademark “barber pole” coloration as Haemonchus contortus.
Interpretation and diagnosis
The presence of clinical symptoms as anaemia,oedema can relate to the conditions as
fascioliasis, nutritional deficiency of copper and cobalt Coccidiosis Other parasitic infections causing diarrhoea.
But correlation of all the symptoms, findings and presence of innumerable amount of Haemonchus contortus in abomasum helps us to diagnose it as Hemonchosis.
Discussion
Haemonchus contortus, also known as red stomach worm, wire worm or Barber's pole worm, is very common parasite and one the most pathogenic nematode of ruminants. Adult worms are attached to abomasal mucosa and feed on the blood. This parasite is responsible for anemia, bottle jaw, and death of infected sheep and goats, mainly during summer months in warm, humid climates (Burke, 2008)
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum:Nemathelminthes
Class:Nematoda
Order:Strongylida Superfamily:Trichostrongyloidea
Family: Trichostrongylidae
Genus:Haemonchus
Species:H. contortus
(soulsby,1982)Size :70-85, 41-48 micrometer
LIFE CYCLE
Difficult to control because
Short, direct life
cycle Prolific egg
producer(5,000 eggs a day)
Can go into “hypobiotic”(arrested) state during winter to survive.
Can survive on pasture for a long time.(Soulsby,1982)
PP 15 days
Pathogenicity and symptoms
The nematode piercing the abomasum causes a number of significant complications in the infected sheep that can lead to death. The infected animals can display severe
dehydration, diarrhea, unthrift appearance, lethargy, depressed low energy
behavior, rough hair coat and uncoordinated movements.
reduced growth and poor reproductive performance
anemia Bottlejaw
DrugsA valuable, limited resource that must be managed properly
1) Benzimidazoles
Fenbendazole(5-7.5mg/kg bwt), Albendazole(5-10mg/kg bwt),
2) Nicotinics
Levamisole(7.5mg/kg bwt), Morantel(10 mg/kg bwt),
3) Macrolides
Avermectins
Ivermectin (1mg/5kg bwt), Doramectin (1mg/5kg bwt),
Moxidectin. (Newest drug has “Persistent activity)
Control
Integrated Parasite Management (IPM) Goal is not to create parasite-free animals. It is normal for sheep
and goats to have parasites. Goal is to prevent clinical disease and production losses.
Fecal egg counts(Egg per gram) Deworm when: >1,000 epg in spring, summer >2,000 epg in fall, winter FAMACHA© and Selective Deworming A system to assess Haemonchus contortis infection in sheep
and goats and the need for deworming individual animals • Named for its originator: Dr. Francois “Faffa” MAlan CHArt
REFERENCES: Burke, Joan,1990.Management of Barber pole Worm
in Sheep and Goats in the Southern U.S. USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemonchus_contortus. retrived on April 25, 2010.
Schoenian Susan.1987. Sheep and Goat Specialist Western Maryland Research & Education Center.
Soulsby, E J L(1982).Helminths Arthopods and protozoa of Domesticated animals.baillierie tindall publication.pp233
Acknowledgement
Dr.D.K.Singh Bishwobandhu Pokharel
Thank you