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Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Half Steps and Whole Steps
You will use both the white and black keys to play half steps. Choose a
starting key and then play the very next key.
If I choose middle C and want to play a half step up, I play the black key
right next to middle C.
If I start on E and want to play a half step up, I play the very next key, which
is a white key.
Practice half steps with the examples below. Look at the starting note and
figure out which key is one half step up. Draw a circle on the key that is one
half step up.
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
A whole step is what you would get if you took two half steps. You just pick
a starting key and then skip a key.
To play a whole step up from C, you skip the black key and play the next
key.
To play a whole step up from E, you skip a key and play the next key,
which is a black key.
Practice whole steps with the examples below. Look at the starting note
and figure out which key is one whole step up. Draw a circle on the key that
is one whole step up.
Skip a key
Skip a key
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Practice Making Major Triads
The formula for creating a major triad is
4 half steps + 3 half steps
Use this formula to circle the keys you would play to make major triads.
The first key is highlighted for you.
1
2 3
4
D Major Triad
1 3
2
G Major Triad E Major Triad F# Major Triad
Eb
Major Triad F Major Triad C# Major Triad
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Practice Making Major Triads
Fill in the blanks to complete the formula for making major triads.
The major triad formula is: half steps + half steps.
Use this formula to circle the keys you would play to make major triads.
The first key is highlighted for you.
A Major Triad C Major Triad Ab
Major Triad
Db
Major Triad F Major Triad D Major Triad
Bb
Major Triad B Major Triad
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Practice Making Minor Triads
The formula for creating a minor triad is 3 half steps + 4 half steps.
Use this formula to circle the keys you would play to make minor triads.
The first key is highlighted for you.
1
2 3
F Minor Triad Eb
Minor Triad G# Minor Triad
Db
Minor Triad G Minor Triad E Minor Triad
2 4
3 1
D Minor Triad
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Practice Making Minor Triads
Fill in the blanks to complete the formula for making major triads.
The minor triad formula is: half steps + half steps.
Use this formula to circle the keys you would play to make minor triads.
The first key is highlighted for you.
A Minor Triad C# Minor Triad Gb
Minor Triad
C Minor Triad Ab
Minor Triad D Minor Triad
B Minor Triad Bb
Minor Triad
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Primary Triads
When we play a song that is based on the C scale, we are playing in the
Key of C.
Each key has three primary triads. You can use the primary triads to make
up a left hand part for any song.
The primary triads are built on the 1st, 4th, and 5th tones of the scale. Take a
look at the C scale below. Which keys are the 1st, 4th, and 5th?
Write the letter name of the key:
1st
4th
5th
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
You may not have been
introduced to one octave
scales yet, and that’s okay. We’ll learn those in another
Piano Magic Level.
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Primary Triads
The 1st, 4th, and 5th tones of the C scale are: C, F, and G.
Now build a major triad on each of these tones. Color the keys you would
use to build the major triads.
Try playing all of these triads. Have your left hand skip around between all
three. You can even try playing the triads with fun rhythms to create neat
sounds.
Your teacher will start asking you to play chords based on their numbers,
and you can do some really cool things when you know these primary
triads.
C Major Triad F Major Triad G Major Triad
1 4 5
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Primary Triads in the Key of G
Use the formula we learned earlier to identify the primary triads in the key
of G.
Look at the G scale below. Which keys are the 1st, 4th, and 5th?
Write the letter name of the key:
1st 4th 5th
Now color in the keys that make up the primary triads in the key of G. Write
the name of each triad in the purple box.
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
1 4 5
Major
Triad
Major
Triad
Major
Triad
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Primary Triads in the Key of D
Use the formula we learned earlier to identify the primary triads in the key
of D.
Look at the D scale below. Which keys are the 1st, 4th, and 5th?
Write the letter name of the key:
1st 4th 5th
Now color in the keys that make up the primary triads in the key of D. Fill in
the purple boxes to name each triad.
1 2
3
4 5 6
7
1 4 5
Major
Triad
Major
Triad
Major
Triad
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Primary Triads for Minor Keys: A Minor
Finding the primary triads for minor keys is simple and very similar to the
formula for the major keys. Just find a minor chord built on the 1st key, a
minor chord built on the 4th key, and a major chord built on the 5th key.
Use the diagrams below to help you identify the primary triads for the key of
B minor. Look at the numbers on the scale and then color in the keys for
each chord and write the chord name in the purple box.
Minor
Triad
Minor
Triad
Major
Triad
4 3 6 1 2 5 7
1 4 5
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Primary Triads for Minor Keys: E Minor
Finding the primary triads for minor keys is simple and very similar to the
formula for the major keys. Just find a minor chord built on the 1st key, a
minor chord built on the 4th key, and a major chord built on the 5th key.
Use the diagrams below to help you identify the primary triads for the key of
B minor. Look at the numbers on the scale and then color in the keys for
each chord and write the chord name in the purple box.
5 4
Minor
Triad
Minor
Triad
Major
Triad
1
2
3 4 5 6
1
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Primary Triads for Minor Keys: B Minor
Finding the primary triads for minor keys is simple and very similar to the
formula for the major keys. Just find a minor chord built on the 1st key, a
minor chord built on the 4th key, and a major chord built on the 5th key.
Use the diagrams below to help you identify the primary triads for the key of
B minor. Look at the numbers on the scale and then color in the keys for
each chord and write the chord name in the purple box.
Minor
Triad
Minor
Triad
Major
Triad
3
2 5
1 4 5
7 1 4 6
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
More Chord Combinations
We spent a lot of time developing the ability to quickly switch between the
1, 4, and 5 chords in several different keys, because these are the chords
most commonly used.
There are many, many other combinations of chords and each combination
gives your song a unique sound. Fluency in many different chord
progressions will make you a better improviser.
Let’s take a look at the chords that can be constructed using only notes from the C major scale:
Look at each of the chords below and try to figure out their names based
on the root (1st note of the chord) and what you learned in Part 1of Piano
Scales Make Piano Magic. Write your answers in the purple boxes and
remember to classify each chord as major or minor.
Check your answers on the next page.
The C Major Scale
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 chord:
2 chord:
3 chord:
4 chord:
5 chord:
6 chord:
Copyright © 2014 EarTrainingandImprov.com. All rights reserved. May be copied for use within the studio or home of the purchaser. May not be sold, shared, reproduced,
copied or transmitted in any form outside of the studio or home of the purchaser without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
A Piano Magic Trick
Here’s a secret trick that will make learning new songs easier when you are sight reading music.
The chords you’ve learned througout Piano Scales Make Piano Magic are everywhere in your music books. Your hands now know how to play them
well, so if your eye can quickly recognize written chords learning new
pieces is a breeze!
Draw a line from the chord name to the corret diagram and then to the
music notes. The notes of each chord can be arranged in many different
forms.
C
Major
D
Major
Eb
Major
B
Minor
D
Minor
Have your teacher check your answers. Great work! Now look at one of the pieces in your method book. Can you
identify the chords? What chord progression is used? Try this each time you start a new song and learning them
will be a snap!