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8/8/2019 Hallucinogenic Agent
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HALLUCINOGENIC AGENT
Hallucination is a false sense perception
without any external object or stimulusto produce it. They are purely imaginary,and may affect any or all the specialsenses.
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HALLUCINOGENIC AGENT
CAUSE HALLUCINATION
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TYPES OF HALLUCINATIONS
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CLASSIFICATION OF
HALLUCINOGENIC AGENT
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INDOLE AMINES
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HALLUCINOGENSA. LSD
B. PEYOTE
C. MESCALINE
D. PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)
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A.LSD
LSD, chemically known as lysergic acid diethylamide, is
synthesized from rye ergot. It is tasteless, odourless, and
the most potent, widely used hallucinogenic drug, havinga powerful effect in minute doses. It is available in the
form of clear liquid, thin squares of gelatin, and pills of
varying size and colours. It is usually taken on a sugar
cube or by putting a drop on a blotter paper and licking it
when the drug effect is desired. Thin squares of gelatinand clear liquid can be put in the eyes, and the pills can be
eaten.
HALLUCINOGENS
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B.PEYOTE
Peyote is obtained from a variety of cactus (peyotol)
plants. It is available in the form of hard brown
discs, tablets, and capsules. It can be chewed.Swallowed, taken in tea, or smoked. It is not as
potent as LSD. It is used by tribal Indians of the arid
regions for their religious ceremonies
HALLUCINOGENS
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C.MESCALINE
Mescaline is another hallucinogen derived from
the peyotol plant. Its availability, use, and effects
are similar those of peyote.
HALLUCINOGENS
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D.PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)
Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust, killer weed) is
available in the form of liquid, white crystalline
powder, capsules, and pills. It can be taken orally,smoked, and injected
HALLUCINOGENS
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HALLUCINOGENS
Symptoms and signs of use: unusual hilarity, emotional
swings, hallucinations, suspiciousness, bizarre behavior,
synaesthesia, nausea, vomiting, widely dilated pupils,
insomnia, tremors, vertigo, headache, psychotic reactions,
bad trips, flash-backs.
Fatal dose & period: uncertain, Not Known
Treatment: Limit stimulation, tranquilizers, symptomaticmeasures, psychotherapy.
Medicolegal aspects: Accidental, Suicidal, Homicidal, Habit
forming
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CANNABIS INDICA
Also known as cannabis sativa or Indian hemp in India, Dagga
in South and Central Africa, and hashish in Egypt, this plant
grows all over India, and all its parts are poisonous. Itscultivation is restricted by law. The active principle is not an
alkaloid but a fat soluble oleoresin, cannabinol
(tetrahydrocannabinol-THC).
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TYPES OF CANNABIS INDICA
The following four forms.
BHANG M AJUN GANJA
CHARAS
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BHANG
Also known as sidhi, patti, or sabji., it is prepared from the
dried leaves and fruit shoots which are used as an infusion
in the form of a beverage. It contains the active principlein a concentration of 15% and is the least potent.
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MAJUN
This is a sweetmeat made with bhang. It produces
grandiose delusions, in addition to all the effects of bhang
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GANJA
This consists of the following tops of the female plant,
specially grown so that there is a large amount of resinous
exudates. It contains the active principle in aconcentration of about 25 per cent. The resine has a rusty
green color and characteristics odour.
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CHARAS
Also known as hashish, it is the resinous exudates from
the leaves and stems of the plant. It is of dark green or
brown color. It is smoked with tobacco in a pipe ofhookah and is the most potent of all cannabis
preparations, containing the active principle in a
concentration varying between 25-40 per cent.
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CANABIS INDICA
Symptoms and sign: Toxic preparation are: bhang,majun, ganja, and charas. Euphoria, visual, hallucinations,
drowsiness, deep sleep, coma. In chronic poisoning,
wekness, moral and mental deterioration, loss of sexual
power, insanity.Fatal dose & period: 10gms of bhang, 8gms of ganja, and
2 gms of charas per kg body weight, 12 hrs.
Treatment : gastric lavage. Saline purgatives. Intravenous
fluids. Oxygen and artificial respiration. Tranquilizers.Gneral measures.
Medicolegal aspects: accidental stupefying for roadside
robbery, kidnapping , and rape. Running amok. Addiction
problems.
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MECHANISM OF ACTION
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