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Hamartiology: The Doctrine of Sin
Lesson 1: Sin: What It Is and How It Got Here
Before You Begin This Lesson
Why is it wrong to call sin a “mistake?” ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
What is the ultimate root of all sin? _________________________________________________.
What were some of the results of man’s fall? _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Biblical Description of Sin
1. Defining sin A. God describes sin as....
1) _________________________ (I Jn.3:4), meaning living with disregard to God’s law, and unrighteousness (I Jn.5:17)
2) Rebellion to God’s perfect moral standard (Jm.2:10) 3) Missing the mark / falling short of God’s perfect holiness (Ro.3:23; Gal.3:10-‐11; Jm.4:17) 4) The inward principle, or disposition, of the heart which rules man, making him its slave;
the condition of our soul from which our sinful acts originate (Jn.8:34; Ro.5:21; 6:17,20; 7:8,14)
B. Sin is... 1) Not a mistake. To refer to sin as simply a mistake is to cheapen and deny what God says
it is. 2) More than just a occasional “bad thing” we may do, but a deep, inward disposition /
inclination of our heart that affects the whole human personality (read Gen.6:5) 3) In our sinful acts, there are sins of...
a) Omission – failure to perfectly live in obedience God's moral standards (not doing as I ought)
b) Commission – disregarding and rebelling against God's Law (doing what I am not to do)
C. Sin is lack of conforming to the moral law of God, either in our actions or in the inclinations of our heart. At the heart of all sin is the desire to have self at the center of one's life, not God. Thus, pride is the ultimate root of all sin.
2. All sin is... A. Directed primarily against ____________________ (read Ps.51:4 and Ro.8:7) B. Deceptive to man. According to Eph.4:22, how are sin’s lusts described? ________________
___________________________________________________________________________. C. Forbidden/hated by God and therefore worthy of God's wrath (Pr.8:13; Ro.1:18) D. Inexcusable (Ro.1:20; 2:1)
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E. Loved by mankind. Read Jn.3:19-‐20. Why do men reject the light of Christ and His gospel? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
F. Come from man’s evil _______________________ (read Mt.15:19) Origins of Sin Sin entered into the universe through Satan and into the world through Adam (Ro.5:12). God is not the author, or originator, of sin because sin violates of His holy character (Jm.1:13).
1. The Fall of satan -‐ Is.14:12-‐14; Ezek.28:14-‐19 2. The Fall of man-‐ read Gen.3
A. The story 1) The deception of Eve – Gen.3:1-‐6; I Tim.2:14
a. Satan tempted Eve by... a) Questioning God's word b) Questioning God's goodness c) Deceiving her with lies. He claimed that…
1. She would not die if she rebelled 2. She would be like God, knowing good and evil
b. Eve ultimately fell because she believed the lies and listened to satan instead of God 2) The deliberate rebellion of Adam – Gen.3:6; Ro.5:12-‐21
a. According to 1 Tim.2:14, Was Adam deceived into sin? ________________. As we mentioned already in our notes, Adam was given a free will that could go against his God-‐centered, righteous nature. He made a deliberate choice to rebel against God. By doing so, Adam made pleasing self, not God, the aim or ambition of his life.
b. Because Adam was the head of the human race, Adam was held responsible before God for bringing sin into the world. a. Question: How could a man created in original righteousness with no evil heart
inclinations choose to sin? b. This is not an easy question to answer. The simple fact is, he did, despite having
a heart that by nature loved God. Why he placed self above God, we will never know. When he did, however, the whole human race was radically changed.
B. The immediate consequences – Gen.3:11-‐19 1) Adam and Eve were cast out of God's presence in the Garden 2) The human race lost its original holiness and freedom of will 3) The earth would be cursed for man's sake, making man's labor a hard, demanding task 4) Woman would experience great pain in child bearing 5) Men and women would now struggle fulfilling their God-‐given roles
C. The permanent consequences (see notes in the next lesson) Point of Discussion
Why is it important for both unbelievers and believers to have a proper, Biblical view of sin?
How did Satan deceive Eve?
Why did God hold Adam and not Eve responsible for bringing sin into the world?
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Lesson 2: Sin -‐ Imputed and Inherited Before You Begin This Lesson
What is the different between imputed and inherited sin? _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Why do we commit acts of sin? ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
Imputation of Sin
1. Defining imputation A. The word imputation basically means to charge, credit, or transfer something to someone;
to attribute or reckon something to someone’s account; 1) Imputation is based upon a real, living union between the two parties involved. Apart
from this vital union, no imputation can take place. 2) God never imputes anything to anyone that is not properly his.
B. Biblical categories of imputation 1) Adam's sin imputed to the human race – Ro.5:12-‐21
• As we shall see, because Adam was the head of the human race, the whole of humanity was vitally united with him so that, when Adam sinned, the whole race actually sinned as well.
2) Man's sin imputed to Christ – 2 Cor.5:19; I Pet.2:24 • Our sins were transferred or credited to Christ when He offered Himself on Calvary's
cross. Thus, as the Head of a new redeemed race of man, He identified with us so that our sin and guilt would actually be attributed to Him.
3) Christ's righteousness imputed to believers at salvation – 2 Cor.5:21 • In salvation, we become united to Christ (see Ro.5:19; 6:1-‐14). His righteousness is
credited to our account (see Ro.4:3), making us acceptable to God. 2. The imputation of Adam's sin to the human race – Ro.5:12-‐21
A. The meaning: 1) The imputation of Adam's sin is the direct transfer of his sin and guilt to us due to our
union with him as the head of our race. This guilt, therefore, is not something foreign to us, but can properly be seen as our guilt.
2) The sin of Adam was the sin of the human race. Adam and the race are vitally united so that when he sinned, we sinned as well (Ro.5:12).
B. The implications: 1) Adam's sin was directly imputed to us, not as something foreign to us, but as something
that rightfully belongs to us. However… 2) We cannot blame Adam for “messing things up.” We as members of the human race are
fully responsible for and share in Adam's sin and guilt. C. Cure for imputed sin: the imputed righteousness of Christ that comes through faith in the
gospel-‐ Ro.5:18-‐19; 2 Cor.5:21; Phil.3:9
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Inherited Sin Nature
1. Every man inherits a sin nature at birth (Ps.51:5; Eph.2:3). A. All men commit sin because they are sinners (Ro.3:9-‐23).
1) People do what they do (sin) because they are what they are (sinners). They don't become sinners when they sin. They reveal their nature as sinners through their sinful acts.
2) The heart of the sin problem is the problem of the sinful heart (see Lk.6:43-‐45) a) To deal with the sinful acts, but not the sinful heart, is to not address the main issue
(that is why true gospel preaching always goes right to the heart of man). b) The only cure for the sin of the sinner is the new heart that comes through salvation.
B. Man is not basically good, but thoroughly sinful at his very core. C. Man inherits his sin nature from his parents as they did from theirs, and so on back to the
first parents, Adam and Eve (Gen.4:1) 2. Results of man's sin nature
A. According to Eph.2:1,5 and Col.2:13; man is _________________ in sin (separated from God) B. He is an object of God’s wrath (Eph.2:1-‐3) C. He is totally depraved (see notes below)
3. The remedy / cure for inherited sin is threefold A. The redemption of Christ, which includes the judgment of our sin nature so that the believer
is no longer bound to serve sin (Ro.6:18; 8:1; Gal.5:24). B. The regeneration of the Holy Spirit in which we are given a new nature and a new heart
(Jn.3:3) C. The indwelling of the Holy Spirit, who enables believers to have victory over sin in daily living
(Ro.8:13; Gal.5:16-‐17). Points of Discussion
What are the three types of imputation? Why is each important?
Why is gospel preaching the only preaching that actually addresses the heart of man’s sin problem?
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Lesson 3: Man’s Depravity Before You Begin This Lesson
How has sin affected the mind, will, and emotions of mankind? ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Will man by nature come to God on his own? Why or why not? ___________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
Man’s Total Depravity
1. Meaning of Depravity A. Depravity does not mean...
1) Man is as bad as he could be 2) Man cannot do things “good things” in the eyes of other men 3) Man is tempted to commit every form of sin
B. Depravity means: 1) Every aspect of man’s personality has been totally corrupted by sin because of his
depraved sinful nature (Ro.3:9-‐18). 2) His mind is...
a. Blinded (I Cor.2:14; 2 Cor.4:4) b. Hostile to God (Ro.8:7) c. Foolish (I Cor.2:14)
Ø How does Eph.4:17-‐19 describe the mind or heart of the unconverted? _______ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
3) His emotions are perverted and in love with sin (John 3:19-‐20; Ro.1:26) 4) His conscience is defiled (Tit.1:15) 5) His will is enslaved to sin and opposed to God (Ro.6:20)
Ø He lives according to his sinful lusts / desires, always choosing self and sin over God (Eph.4:17-‐19; I Pet.1:18; 4:3)
Conclusion: There is nothing within man that commends him to a righteous God (Pr.20:9; Is.64:6). His whole nature prefers self over God (2 Tim.3:2,4). He stands in opposition to God, totally destitute of that love to God which He demands in His law (Jn.5:42) and will not by nature seek after God (Ps.14:1-‐3; Ro.3:11-‐12).
2. Depravity and inability A. Man cannot turn himself to God in faith and repentance apart from a divine work of grace
(Jn.6:44,65) B. Man cannot do that which is truly righteous in God's sight (Ro.8:7) C. Man cannot change His inward preference for self and sin to supreme love for God
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Consequences of Sin
1. Death – Ro.6:23 A. Physical death: separation of the spirit from the body -‐ Heb.9:27 B. Spiritual death: separation from God in this life -‐ Is.59:2 C. Eternal death: separation from God for all eternity -‐ Mt.25:46; Rev.20:14-‐15
2. A corrupted world -‐ Gen.3:17; Ro.8:19-‐22 3. Conclusion: Everyone born into this world stands condemned apart from Christ because of his…
A. Relation to Adam’s sin (Ro.5:12); B. Sin nature (Eph.2:3) C. Acts of sin (Rom.3:9-‐23).
Points of Discussion
Explain the three types of death that have resulted from sin entering into the world
Why won’t man naturally turn to God? Explain.
If man will not naturally turn to God, then what should we do as believers trying to win people to Christ?