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HAMDARD COLLEGE OF MEDICINE HAMDARD UNIVERSITY GUIDE BOOK FOR FIRST YEAR MBBS (2019-20) Module 3 (Musculoskeletal)

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HAMDARD COLLEGE OF MEDICINE HAMDARD UNIVERSITY

GUIDE BOOK FOR

FIRST YEAR MBBS

(2019-20)Module 3

(Musculoskeletal)

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S. No. Content Page

1 Introduction 2-3

2 Learning Methods 4

3 Examination Rules 5-6

4 Test Administration Rules & Regulations 7-10

5 Whom to Contact 11

6 Management 12-137 Competencies of a HCM (HU) graduate 14

8 Course Objectives & Strategies Module – 3

Introduction to Medical Sciences Study Skills Anatomy Physiology Biochemistry Introduction to the Leadership,

Bioethics, stress, and time management.

15-24

9 Learning Resources 25

10 Student Code of Conduct 26-31

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INTRODUCTIONWhy Study Guide?

To inform students how student-learning programme has been organized module wise, and how it would be implemented.

To help students organize and manage their studies throughout the year.

What is a Study Guide Book?

The Guide provides:

Information on organization and management of the semester. This will help you to contact the right individual in case you have any

difficulty. A description of the module objectives which you will be expected to

achieve at the end of each module. Information on learning methods that you will experience during the

module. The methods include: Tutorials (SG), lectures, and skills/ practicals. These

learning methods should help you achieve the module objectives. A description of the learning resources available for the modules. These

include: books, etc. Information on the contribution of continuous and modular examinations, on

your overall performance.

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Information on the methods of assessment that will be held to determine your achievement of objectives.

Information on examination policy, rules and regulations.

The Curriculum:

It is integrated comprising of system based modules

Curriculum organization:

Consists of following for each module

Duration of Modules Objectives of each module Learning Strategies Number of Hours Test Schedule.

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LEARNING METHODS

The following teaching / learning methods/strategies are used to promote better understanding:

Lectures Practical’s Tutorials Assignments Seminars Computer Assisted Learning Program (CALP) Case- Based Learning (CBL)

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EXAMINATION RULES

In one academic year there will be a module test of each course. There will be a no supplementary exam for modules. At the end of the academic year, there will be an annual examination

(including all modules), followed by supplementary exam. Students failing to achieve required aggregate after supplementary exam,

(any subject) will repeat the year for that subject. There will be external examiners in annual and supplementary examinations.

ASSESSMENT:

MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT

Q. Are tests scheduled throughout year?

YES

Q. What contribute to continuous assessment in a year?

Scheduled test/s for every module during the year, assignments, presentations,

practical tests etc.

Q. In tests and annual / Supplementary examinations, what methods are

used to assess knowledge and skills?

MCQs: (One best, T/F),SEQs (Short Essay Questions), viva voice, Practical’s,

and Objective Structured Practical Examinations (OSPE)

Q. What is the passing mark or score for tests and semester examinations?

Fifty percent (50%).

Q. What is the grading system?

Pass = 50% or more. Fail = Below 50%

Q. Are the students notified of the marks in tests and annual examinations?

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Marks are notified for all continuous assessment including module tests as well

as for Annual and supplementary examinations.

Q. Does continuous assessment has any credit or contributes towards the

Annual Examination?

Yes (20%). (10% for theory and 10% for practical)

Q. Does there any weightage of modular tests?

Yes. According to the duration, importance and subject, there will be a

weightage for module test.

Q. Are all enrolled students eligible to take the Modular examination?

Yes.

Q. Are all enrolled students eligible to take the Annual examination?

No. Those whose attendance in both in the theory and practical’s are 80%

can sit in the annual exam. Attendance of 75% but lesser than 80% can sit

in the supplementary exam. Attendance of lesser than 75% will repeat the

year.

WITHDRAWAL FROM THE PROGRAM

A student of first year will have to withdraw from the program if he/she fails to pass both annual and supplementary examinations of within 2 years (4 attempts)

Module Test/Annual/Supplementary6

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ADMINISTRATION RULES and REGULATIONS

GENERAL RULES:

All tests /examinations are monitored by the Department of Examination with the support of the College Dean/Principal, faculty and staff.

To ensure that the examinations are held according to the standard conditions and that no examinee or group of examinees receives unfair advantage in the examination, Students (examinees) must strictly adhere to / abide by the rules and regulations of the University.

IRREGULAR BEHAVIOR

Specific examples of irregular behavior include, but are not necessarily limited to the following:

1. Copying answers from another examinee or allowing answers to be copied.

2. Making notes of any kind during an examination.

3. Failure to follow instructions of the staff present in the examination hall.

4. Acts of disruptive behavior such as raising ones voice, talking to others, interrupting the examination process upon entering the examination hall, or during an examination and other similar acts of behavior.

5. During an examination usage of any unauthorized material such as photographic equipment, communication or recording devices, including electronic paging devices and cellular telephones.

6. Altering or misrepresenting examination result, theft or unauthorized possession of examination materials.

7. Memorizing and reproducing examination materials and any unauthorized reproduction by any means and / or dissemination of examination materials.

8. Looking in the direction of another examinee, passing of written notes, leaving written notes on vacant seats/ desks not occupied by examinees during the

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examination may be considered as evidence of copying or attempting to copy and a report of such behavior may result in irregular behavior.

9. Sitting for an examination without being eligible for it, impersonating an examinee or engaging a proxy to take the examination.

Module Test/Annual/Supplementary

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ADMINISTRATION RULES AND REGULATIONS

Advice for Students: What to do?

1. Students should arrive at the examination hall before scheduled time. Students arriving within 10 minutes after scheduled test time may be admitted only by the approval of Principal or official of the Department of Examination. In case a student arrives late, that is, after scheduled time, he / she is not to be admitted.

2. Students should present College Identity Card, and Admit Card for Annual / Supplementary examination. If student does not bring the required Identification Card, he / she may not be admitted to the examination.

Advice for Students: What NOT to do?

1.Do not bring into the examination hall any personal belongings, including mechanical or electrical devices, backpacks, handbags, books, notes or study guide materials, calculators, digital watches, watches with computer communication and/ or memory capability, electronic paging devices, recording or filming devices, radios, cellular telephones, food and drinks. Only for specified subject/s special instruction will be given on use of calculator for examination.

2. Do not make written notes or record in anyway the contents of an examination. 3. Any notes found will be confiscated and reported for disciplinary action.

4. Do not communicate with, seek aid from, or provide aid to any other examinee during the examination.

5. Once you (students) start taking an examination, you cannot cancel that examination.

6. If the test is completed in less than the time allotted then do not leave without seeking permission from the staff present in the examination hall.

No extra time will be allowed if he /she leave the examination hall for any reason.

WARNING

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STUDENTS (EXAMINEES) OBSERVED IN ACT/S THAT IS/ARE POSSIBLE VIOLATION OF TEST ADMINISTRATION RULES OR OTHER FORMS OF IRREGULAR BEHAVIOR DURING AN EXAMINATION WILL BE EITHER CANCEL THE PAPER OR DEDUCTION OF MARKS OR REPORTED TO THE DISCIPLINARY COMMITTEE FOR ACTION.

WHOM TO CONTACT?

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Any queries or difficulties with the schedule, learning Teaching Strategy should be directed: In the first instance to the individual teacher or module coordinator module Incharge and then to the principal.

MANAGEMENT/ ORGANIZATION

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Course Name: Musculoskeletal

Resource Persons:

Basic Health Sciences:

Anatomy:

Dr. Hemant Kumar (Professor and HOD)Dr. Bashir Ahmed (Professor)Dr. SadiaSundas (Assistant Professor)Dr. Maria Mohiuddin (Assistant Professor)Dr. Mehwish(Lecturer)Dr. Fatima(Lecturer)Dr. Zumer(Lecturer)Dr. Rafia(Lecturer)

Department of Physiology:

Dr. Syed Muhammad Furqan (Professor, Principal and HOD)Dr. Mahjabeen(Professor)Dr. Danish Hasan Qaiser (Associate Professor)Dr. NousheenZaib (Lecturer)Dr. AnumSaadi (Lecturer)Dr. RuhmaZainab(Lecturer)Dr. SamreenSaqib (Lecturer)Dr. NabeelQutub Khan (Lecturer)Dr. MahamBaqai (Lecturer)

Department of Biochemistry:Dr. Uzma Raza (Professor and HOD)

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Dr. Beenish (Lecturer)Dr. Sidra(Lecturer)Dr. Remsha Khan(Lecturer)

Department of Medical Education:

Dr. Shams Nadeem Alam (Assistant Professor)Dr. Muhammad Raza Ali(Lecturer)

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COMPETENCIES OF A HCM (HU) GRADUATE At Hamdard College of Medicine (Hamdard University), we expect to develop in you the following competencies:

a. Provide safe patient care holisticallyb. Integrate basic science concepts to clinical situations c. Communicate effectively d. Collaborate with other team memberse. Contribute as a researcher f. Practice evidence based medicineg. Role model professionalism

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Module 3

(Musculoskeletal)

(Total duration: 6 Weeks)

Courses to be covered:

Anatomical concepts of musculoskeletal system. Physiological concepts of musculoskeletal system. Biochemistry related to musculoskeletal system. Introduction To Leadership

Anatomy:

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Learning Objectives:

At the end of this course the students should be able

Upper limb

Describe gross structure and bones involved in formation of Shoulder girdle. Discuss the gross structure of Bones and Joints present in arm. Describe structure and formation of brachial plexuses and discuss its lesions. Describe gross anatomy, lymphatic drainage and histology of mammary glands. Describe boundaries and contents of axilla. Discuss the gross anatomy, muscles, neurovasculature and lymphatic drainage of anterior

compartment of arm. Discuss the gross anatomy, muscles, neurovasculature, and lymphatic drainage of

posterior compartment of arm. Describe gross structure, ligaments and movements take place at Elbow joint Describe boundaries and contents of Cubital fossa. Discuss development of musculoskeletal system Discuss the gross structure of Bones and Joints present in forearm. Discuss the gross anatomy, muscle groups, neurovasculature, and lymphatic drainage of

different fascial compartments of forearm. Describe gross structure of Bones and joints of hand. Describe gross structure, ligaments and movements take of Wrist joint. Explain vasculature, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of palm. Explain vasculature, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of dorsum of hand.

Lower limb

Describe gross structure and bones involved in formation of pelvic girdle. Discuss the gross structure of hip bone. Discuss the gross structure of femur. Describe gross structure, muscles, neurovasculature, and lymphatic drainage of gluteal

region. Describe structure and formation of lumbar plexuses and discuss its lesions Discuss the gross anatomy, muscles, neurovasculature, and lymphatic drainage of

anterior, medial and posterior compartment of thigh. Describe gross structure, ligaments and movements take place at Hip joint Explain boundaries and contents of femoral triangle. Describe gross structure, ligaments and movements take place at knee joint. Describe boundaries and contents of popliteal fossa. Discuss the gross structure of tibia and fibula.

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Discuss the gross anatomy, muscles, neurovasculature, and lymphatic drainage of anterior, medial and posterior compartment of leg.

Explain venous drainage, superficial and deep veins of lower limb Describe bones, bony arches and joints of foot. Describe gross structure, ligaments and movements of ankle joint. Explain muscles, neurovasculature, lymphatic drainage of anterior, medial and posterior

compartment of sloe and dorsum of foot.

Course Name: MusculoskeletalLearning Strategies:Course Name: Musculoskeletal

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Learning Strategies:S.No Topics Strategy Total

HoursLectures Practical

/model

1 Upper limb

Shoulder girdle (bones, joints, muscles, neurovasculare)

Lecture 55

2 AxillaLecture 1 1

3 Brachial Plexuses and applied. Lecture 2 24 Arm (bones, muscles, neurovasculature

and lymphatic drainage of anterior and posteior compartment of arm) Lecture 3 3

5 Elbow joint, cubital fossaLecture 2 2

6 Development of musculoskeletal systemLecture 2 2

7 Forearm(bones, muscles,neurovasculature and lymphatic drainage ) Lecture 4 4

8 Hand( bones, muscles, neurovasculature and lymphatic drainage) Lecture 3 3

9 Wrist joint Lecture 1 110 Lower limb

Pelvic girdle (hip bone, joint, muscles, neurovasculature and lymphatic drainage)

Lecture 33

11 Lumbar Plexuses and applied. Lecture 1 1

11 Muscles, neurovasculature, lymphatic drainage of anterior, medial and posterior compartment of thigh

Lecture 22

12 Knee joint, popleteal fossa.Lecture 2 2

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13 Leg (bones, muscles, neurovasculature and lymphatic drainage ) Lecture 4 4

14 Foot (Bones, bony arches, muscles)Lecture 3 3

Total36 36

Physiology

Learning Objectives:

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At the end of this course the students should be able to

Neuromuscular Junction Learning Objective (Module)

Review the basic physics of membrane potential.

Explain the resting membrane potential of nerve.

Discuss the development of nerve action potential.

Discuss the propagation of nerve action potential.

Describe the special characteristics of signal transmission in nerve fiber.

Memorize the physiologi cal anatomy of skeletal muscle fibre.

Express the General mechanism of muscle contraction.

Discuss the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction.

Explain “Walk Along” theory of actin & myosin cross bridges interaction.

Explain the energetic of muscle contraction.

Discuss the characteristics of whole muscle contraction.

Discuss the mechanics of skeletal muscle contraction.

Summerize the neuromuscular junction basics.

Explain secretion of Act by nerve terminal.

Discuss excitation contraction coupling

Recall muscle action potential.

Explain myasthenia gravis causing paralysis

State & explain the drugs that blocks and enhances transmission at NMJ.

Explain types of smooth muscle.

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Explain physical basics for smooth muscle.

Compare the contraction of smooth muscle & skeletal muscle.

Discuss the properties of excitable cells.

Explain tetanization

Stair case phenomena

Fatigue

All or Non law

Define, explain and apply the “latch mechanism”.

Describe the regulation of contraction by ca ion.

Discuss the hormonal and nervous control of smooth muscle contraction.

Review the membrane & action potential.

Explain the source of ca ion that causes contraction through all membrane and from sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Define stimulus and its types.

Explain the mechanism of action of each stimulus.

S.No Lecturer Topic No of Lectures topic of Practical No of

practical1 Transportation across cell membrane 42 Development of membrane potential 13 Maintenance of stimulus membrane 1

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potential4 Action potential (I) 1 Nerve conduction velocity 15 Action potential (II) 16 Propagation of action potential 17 Stimulus 18 NMJ 1

9 Excitation contraction coupling 4 Nervestimulus,twitch,Recruitment

1

10 Motor unit 111 Motor control 2

S.No Lecturer Topic No of Lectures Name of Practical No of

practical

12 Properties of excitable cell 4 Summation,tetanus,fatigue,grip force

1

13 Pathophysiology 3

Biochemistry:

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this course the students should be able to

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1. PROTEIN STRUCTURE& FUNCTION IN RELATION WITH:

Collagen Keratin Elastin

2. MUSCLE PROTEINS:

Biochemical composition of muscle filaments: Thick Thin elastic Role of actin & myosin in muscle contraction & relaxation

3. ROLE OF ENZYMES IN MUSCLE:

Role of Alkaline phosphatase Cholinesterase

4. BIOCHEMISTRY OF CARTILAGE

Enumerate the biochemical of functions of cartilage.

Describe the biochemical composition of Cartilage in general

Discuss the composition of Extra-cellular matrix {Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)} Relate degenerative conditions associated with disturbances in the normal composition.

5. BIOCHEMISTRY OF BONES AND THE ROLE OF HORMONES IN MODELING AND REMODELING

Describe the biochemical composition of bone

Explain the biochemical role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts cells in bone mineralization, bone resorption & malformation

6. BIOCHEMISTRY OF BONES AND THE ROLE OF HORMONES IN MODELING AND REMODELING

Describe and explain the role of Parathyroid Hormones,

Calcitonin + VitD in Bone Modeling and remodeling. 176

7. CHEMISTRY OF LOCOMOTION NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Enlist the neurotransmitter of locomotor system

Explain the mechanism of action of acetylcholine in modulating muscle contraction.

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Course Name: MusculoskeletalLearning Strategies:S.No Topics Strategy Total

HoursLectures

1 Protein Structure& Function Lecture 3 3

2 Muscle Proteins Lecture 2 2

3 Role of enzymes in muscle Lecture 2 2

4Biochemistry of cartilage

Lecture 22

5Biochemistry of bone

Lecture 3 3

6 Biochemistry of bones and the role of hormones in modeling and remodeling Lecture 3 3

7 Chemistry of locomotion neurotransmitters

Lecture 2 2

Total 17 17

Medical education:

Course Name: Introduction to the Leadership:

Learning Objectives:

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At the end of this course the students should be able to

At the end of this lecture the first year MBBS students should be able to 1. Differentiate between leadership and management

2. Enlist principles of leadership in an organizational setup

3. Understand the role of a leader and position of a manager

At the end of this lecture the first year MBBS students should be able to 1. Describe different attributes and styles of leader in their context

2. Understand the application of different leadership styles in cultural context

3. Categorize the pitfalls of using different styles in team management.

At the end of this lecture the first year MBBS students should be able to 1. Compare different models of leadership and management.

2 Demonstrate utility of different models in situational judgment leadership while working in teams

At the end of this lecture the first year MBBS students should be able to 1. Explain the concept of self management skills as a medical student in professional setting

2. Understand the need for self-management skills

3. Demonstrate self-management skill

1. Introduction Differentiate between leadership and management

Definition of a leader & managerDifferences between leadership and management

Lecture

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2. Attributes and style of leadership

Display different attributes and styles of leader in their own cultural context

Attributes of a leader.Leadership styles

Lecture

3. Models Compare different models of leadership and management

Models of leadership & management

Lecture /group discussion

4. Self management skills

Demonstrate self-management skills What is self-management?Its importance.Self-management Mechanisms

Lecture

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STUDENT CODE OF CONDUCT

1. INTRODUCTION:

1.1 The HCM, (HU) was established with the objective of developing human resources appropriately equipped to deal with the problems, which are of particular relevance to its environment. The University considers its students to be mature and responsible individuals and makes all efforts for developing matching professional attributes.

1.2 The University expects that behaviour of the students, within and outside the premises of the University, should be in conformity with the highest standards of honesty, morality and discipline. The students should respect the rights and privileges of the members of the University community at all times. They should refrain from conduct that might damage the reputation of the University or any of its programmes.

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1.3 The students should refrain from any conduct that may lead to the disruption of an academic programme of the University and from cheating and plagiarism in any setting of the University.

2. THE CONDUCT OF STUDENTS:

2.1 GENERAL CONDUCT:

All students should present themselves with dignity befitting their status as mature professionals and responsible citizens.

a.Students in all settings on campus are expected to dress in a simple and decent manner.

b.Students individually or as a group, should obtain written ZU approval before organizing or assisting in organizing demonstrations, rallies or picketing on campus.

c.Students individually or as a group should refrain from disseminating or causing to disseminate material or engage inactivity which hinder or prevent the full participation of another person or group in the life of the University.

d. Religious and social activities held on campus must have prior written University authorization.

e. Students should ensure that their actions do not endanger or threaten the health, safety or well-being of other persons.

f. Students should refrain from any behaviour, which can be interpreted by others as sexual harassment.

g. Students should obtain written authorization before making public statements, communication, or correspondence with the press or other media for mass communication on behalf of the University.

h. Unless otherwise authorized in writing the students should refrain from inviting government and or foreign dignitaries, ministers, representatives of foreign governments/agencies or other public personalities in their official capacity on campus.

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I. Students should refrain from any activity, which is subversive of discipline and may constitute misconduct.

2.2 ACADEMIC CONDUCT:

All students should diligently apply themselves to their registered courses of study. They should respect the confidentiality of information and should use it in no other circumstances than for professional and authorized academic purposes.

a.Students should attend lectures, tutorials, seminars, practicals, clinics and ward assignments, examinations and other scheduled courses, activities and assignments given by the faculty except for reasons acceptable to the University.

b.Students should ensure that any original academic writing, including essays, theses, research projects or assignments in a course or programme of study either represents their own words, ideas, images or data or is appropriately referenced.

c. Students should obtain authorization before procuring, possessing, distributing or receiving any confidential material pertaining to academic tests, examinations, research or laboratory results from any source.

d. Students should respect the confidentiality of information pertaining to patients, including their records or files.

e.Plagiarism is defined as “taking over ideas, methods or written words of another, without acknowledgement and with the intention that they be taken as the work of the deceiver”, by American Association of University Professors (September/October, 1989). Plagiarism is a serious from of ethical misconduct/ fraud and all students are expected to refrain from it as HU has zero tolerance policy for plagiarism.

RULES:

1. INTRODUCTION:

1.1Students of HU are required to exhibit good attitude and discipline. Guidelines have been delineated in the University’s Code of Conduct (“Code of Conduct”) framed by the University to provide students with a reference to the standards for discipline. It is expected that all students will strictly uphold and adhere to the

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Code of Conduct, but in cases where there are grounds to suspect a breach or any infringement of the Code of Conduct or disregard or contempt of the Code of Conduct, disciplinary action may be initiated for such behaviour committed either within or outside the precincts of the University or any establishment, project or setting thereof anywhere located. The reference to the expression “University” shall mean and include (unless the context provides otherwise), any establishment, project or setting of the University located anywhere in the world.

1.2 The disciplinary procedure to be followed upon breach and /or infringement of the Code of Conduct is defined herein, along with the actions, which constitute disciplinary offences and the decision-making authority.

2. DISCIPLINARY OFFENCE:

Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of the Code of Conduct and the provisions of Rules 1.1 and 1.2, the following conduct will constitute disciplinary offence:

2.1. MINOR OFFENCES:

a. Repeated failure to conform to scheduled instruction, practical work, examination, clinical assignments and or forcing other students to act likewise.

b. Smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited in the University Premises.

NOTE: All minor offences will be dealt with as major if repeated.

2.2. MAJOR OFFENCES:

a. Assault on students, members of staff, faculty or patients.

b. Any form of unauthorized picketing, rallies, demonstrations or organized obstructions of any student/University/University Hospital function in any manner whatsoever.

c. Any attempt to conceive, design or affect any plans of whatever nature whose object or consequence is to disrupt academic programmes of the University or its operations.

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d. Malicious acts, theft, willful damage or misuse of University property.

e.Disorderly conduct and/or molestation of other members of the University Community within and outside the University premises.

f. Bringing unauthorized persons in the university premises or any other building related to the University.

g.Cheating, plagiarism and or use of unfair means in examinations or any other academic setting.

h. Possession, use and display of firearms, drugs, alcohol or other contraband items on campus or at University related events.

i. Any other offence, which is considered to be harmful to the academic atmosphere.

3. DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS: The University will have the powers to impose any one or more of the following actions. However, nothing will preclude the University from requiring any student or parent or both to execute any bond, assurance or undertaking to support expected conduct throughout his/her stay at the University.

MINOR DISCIPLINARY OFFENCE will be liable to one or more of the following sanctions.

a) Counselling of the student.

b) Probation: A student can be put on probation for a specified period of time with mandatory periodic counseling.

c) A letter of warning or reprimand to the student with information to the parents.

d) The payment of fine by the offender commensurate with the nature and gravity of the offence committed amounting up to 5% of the annual fees of the student.

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MAJOR DISCIPLINARY OFFENCE will be liable to one or more of the following sanctions

a) The payment of fine by the offender commensurate with the nature and gravity ofthe offence committed amounting up to 5% of the annual fees of the student.

b) Suspension from the University for a specified period.

c) Expulsion from the University.

d) Any other penalty which the University may deem fit to impose.

4. DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURE: The following steps constitute the disciplinary procedure.

Any disciplinary offence not of serious nature may be brought to the attention of the offender by an affected student through the faculty/staff member concerned of the University. The purpose of this in the first instance is to resolve the matter through constructive criticism counseling and/or admonition.

The expression“offence not of serious nature” appearing herein above shall be such offence as is considered as an offence of not a serious nature by the faculty/staff member of the University in his/her sole discretion.

Suspension: Suspension requires a student to withdraw completely from all the activities of the University for a specified period of time. Upon expiry of the period of suspension the student will be re-admitted, contingent upon the terms and conditions of the suspension without any obligation or liability whatsoever on the part of the University or any of its staff/faculty members or officers.

Expulsion: Expulsion means termination of enrolment in the University.

Interns and Residents: These shall be deemed to be the students of the University.

Fine: This is an order to student for payment of a sum of money to the University as penalty for any offence committed by the student. The student may or may not be permitted to continue with the course of studies until the fine has been paid.

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⇒⇒⇒⇒ END ⇐⇐⇐⇐

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hamdard college of medicine, hamdard university GUIDE BOOK (FIRST YEAR MBBS, 2019-20)