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Hancock Springs A natural lab for studying the roles of physical habitat, nutrient availability, and non-native species to inform river restoration . John Jorgensen Yakama Nation Fisheries. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Hancock Springs
A natural lab for studying the roles of physical habitat, nutrient availability, and non-native species to inform river restoration
John JorgensenYakama Nation Fisheries
Today’s talk will cover:
- The regional problem: Reduced natural production- Factors limiting natural production- An integrated restoration approach- Discussion of Hancock Springs- Summary and Conclusions- Q&A/Discussion
Hancock Springs (RM 59)
The Problem
Salmon production and population declines
Salmon population declines are often due to cumulative effects of many factors
Biomass Reductions
Gresch et al. 2000
Factors limiting natural production“The Big 3”:
1. Habitat loss and degradation2. Loss of marine derived nutrients (MDN)3. Deleterious presence of non-native fishes
Upper Columbia Natural Production Restoration Program
Goal: To identify, test, evaluate, and implement measures to increase natural production of anadromous salmonids in the Upper Columbia River Basin.
Upper Columbia Natural Production Restoration Program
Current Projects: • Upper Columbia Nutrient Enhancement Project (Twisp River)• Hancock Springs Project (Today’s talk)
Hancock Springs Project
Goal: Use Hancock Springs to quantify separate and combined effects of habitat restoration, nutrient addition, and non-native fish removal on natural production of anadromous salmonids.
Hancock Springs Project
Obj. 1: Evaluate fine scale responses to a series of restorative treatments
Hancock Springs Project
Obj. 2: Understand the contributions of spring creeks in Upper Columbia tributaries
Hancock Springs Project
Obj. 3 Use results to guide larger restoration actions
Project Area
Physical Conditions
Biological Conditions
First Phase (Hand Work)
Natural Production in HS
Hancock Springs 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
No. Steelhead Redds
0 0 23 13 8 14 6*
No. Spring Chinook Redds
0 0 0 0 0 20 2*
* low redd numbers in 2011 due to mandatory fish exclusion for restoration construction
Natural Production
Second Phase
Channel Reconfiguration
Channel Excavation
Re-building stream banks
Vegetation/Stabilizing Banks
Supplementing Riffles
Adding LWD
Changes
Before After
Reach 1 (control); Reach 2 (Treatment )
2012 SpawningSteelhead Redds (treatment 7) (control 0)Chinook Redds (treatment 12) (control 1)
Reach 1(treatment ) Reach 2 (Control) DEMCHaMP Digital Elevation Model
Steelhead Spawning 2012
Benefits/Opportunities
HS provides a thermally and hydrologically stable stream-scale system for evaluating restoration treatments that address the “Big 3” limiting factors,not feasible at larger river scales:
Physical habitat restorationNutrient additionRemoval of non-natives (brook trout)
Benefits/Opportunities
HS provides the opportunity to quantify effects of various restoration treatments within and between treatment and control reaches in ways not feasible at larger river scales.
HS serves as a communal stream scale research facility to help researchers collect data to asses ecological functions associated with restoration measures and to validate ecological models.
Project history/Treatment structure
2005: Habitat in HS was determined to be prohibiting natural production; restoration potential identified
2006-2011: Initial and engineered habitat restoration in Reach 1 completed in 2011.
Treatment structure
2012-2014:
Physical and biological monitoring in Reach 1 (treatment) and Reach 2 (control) implemented to evaluate responses to habitat restoration.
1. Do nutrient concentrations appear to substantially limitnatural production?
2. Does the presence of brook trout substantially restrict natural production?
Adaptive ManagementDefine problem
Assess problem
Adjust treatment
Design treatment (solution)
NoExperimentally
Implement treatment
Treatment successful?
Evaluate treatment
Monitor treatment
Yes
Implement treatment as management
action
Treatment structureOption 1 Option 2
2011 Habitat restoration 2011 Habitat restoration
2014 Nutrient addition 2014 Brook trout removal
2016 Brook trout removal
Treatment structureOption 1 Option 2
2011 Habitat restoration 2011 Habitat restoration
2014 Nutrient addition 2014 Brook trout removal
2016 Brook trout removal
Subsequent restoration treatments depend on outcomes of 2012 - 2014 nutrient and brook trout assessments
Consistent physical habitat and biological monitoring occurs annually in both reaches
Biological monitoring
Isotopes
Fish sampling
BMI/Drift sampling
Primary production
Water Chemistry
Habitat monitoring
Bank stability, undercut banks
LWD, pebble counts, pool tail fines
Habitat type (pool, riffle) shading
Stage, discharge, temperature
Summary and ConclusionsMitigating multiple ecological limitations in altered habitats often requires an integrated approach of multiple treatments
Hancock Springs provides a unique and valuable opportunity to study the separate and combined effects of habitat restoration, nutrient addition, and removal of non-natives.
Initial results have been encouraging
We look forward to collaborating with others to collectively contribute to the science of river restoration and increased natural production.
Questions?
Trophic level/Function Biological Metrics Water quality/Nutrients Dissolved oxygen, temperature, alkalinity, TP, SRP, TDP, TN, NO2+NO3, TN:TP,
SIN/TDP Periphyton Algal community composition (% composition by taxonomic order) Primary production Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Total chlorophyll (a+b) accrual rate Benthic macroinvertebrates
19 individual and aggregated taxa and functional group abundance, biomass, and richness metrics (See Appendix 6 for a list of all metrics)
Secondary production Secondary production estimates (Benke and Huryn 2007) Fish Performance and biological
condition Aggregated and single species abundance, biomass, length, weight, and biological condition (K), growth, survival, diet composition, abundance by habitat type
Annual production Redd counts, carcass counts annual smolt production, egg to emigrant survival, peak outmigration timing, outmigration duration, number of outmigrants
Habitat MetricsHabitat type (pools, riffles)Large woody debrisPebble countsPool tail finesChannel cross sectionBankfull stageStream bank stabilityUndercut banksStream shading