Hand book on prevention and control of Avian Influenza in State of Osun

Hand book on prevention and control of Avian

Influenza in State of Osun

Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page

Table of contents

Brief Introduction of Avian Influenza

Background and History of Avian Influenza in Nigeria

Pre-disposing factors

Mode of Transmission/Symptoms

Economic loss

Preventive steps

What to do?(Emergency contact Numbers)


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INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS AVIAN INFLUENZA

Nigeria poultry population is estimated at 140 million, with backyard farmers accounting for 60% of poultry producers.

Avian influenza is a disease caused by viruses adapted to birds and other species. The virus infects all domestic and wild birds characterized by respiratory, digestive and in some cases nervous signs and high morbidity and mortality. Incubation period ranges from a few hours to 2 weeks depending on the virus dose, route of infection and species of birds.

These viruses can be divided into highly pathogenic (HPAI) and low pathogenic (LPAI) strains based on its ability to cause disease in poultry.

Influenza viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins that they have on their surface;

Haemaglutinin (H)

Neuraminidase (N)


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INTRODUCTION OF A.I CONTD

The H5N1 virus is the strain of avian influenza is the most common and deadliest which has infected numerous species of birds in Asia, Europe and Africa since the end of 2003.

H5N1 strain can be transmitted to humans, although this is very difficult unless they come into close contact with infected birds.

The H5N1 infection may follow an unusually aggressive clinical course, with rapid deterioration and high fatality. Primary viral pneumonia and multiple organ failure have been common among people who have become ill with H5N1 influenza.


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BACKGROUND & HISTORY OF AVIAN INFLUENZA IN NIGERIA

The first reported outbreak of AI in Nigeria was in February, 2006.

Prior to that scores of local poultry were reported to have been dying in Jigawa state between December, 2005 and early January 2006, from a strange disease that was more devastating than Newcastle disease.

However,the first confirmed case of AI was found at Kaduna on January 14th 2006,later Kano state with birds reported dying due to an unknown disease condition from which chemotherapy and supportive care proved abortive in many cases.

In total, 480,378 birds were lost in 34 outbreaks recorded in four states between the period of January and March 2006. Chickens accounted for more than 99% of all the birds affected followed by guinea fowls and turkeys. More than 60% of the birds affected were adults.


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INFORMATION ON RECENT OUTBREAK

As of 17th January, there are total of 15 confirmed cases traced to some small farms in six states.

The states are; Delta, Ogun, Lagos, Kano, Rivers and Jigawa.

The farms are each per state except Lagos and Kano which also includes live birds market.

Birds in the affected farms have been destroyed as first precaution and other measure have been instituted.

The federal ministry of agriculture have assured the situation is not worrisome and under control.

No human infection has been reported yet.


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PREDISPOSING FACTORS Poor bio-security measures and controls on farms

Poor hygiene

Poor pest and rodent control practices at various levels of poultry value chain

Lack of quarantine services at the international and inter states control post

Illegal importation of animal and animal by products

Migratory birds(Wild birds)

Poor disease surveillance, information gathering systems and monitoring

Indiscriminate transport of birds from point to point by live birds marketers


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SYMPTOMS OF AVIAN INFLUENZA Depression and droopiness

Discoloration of comb and wattles

Oedema and swelling of head, eye lids, combs, wattles and hocks.

Watery diarrhea and ruffled feather

Bloody or watery discharge from nose or beak

Sudden fall in egg production

Loss of appetite

Eggs with soft or deformed shell.


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MODE OF TRANSMISSION Direct contact of other

birds/animals with the secretion and excretion of infected birds.

Direct contact of domestic birds with contaminated carcasses, manure, or poultry by-products

Direct contact of domestic birds with people (e.g. shoes, clothing), equipment (e.g. cages, vehicles), insects, rodents or other agents contaminated with the virus.

Direct contact of other birds with infected migratory birds.


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ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AVIAN INFLUENZA

Socio-economic Impact, an Avian Influenza outbreak would create general panic among the public which would lead to boycott of poultry products such as live stock trading, restaurants and fast food, and would result in sharp decline in sales and prices.

An Avian Influenza outbreak would lead to unemployment, as most farm would close down, other poultry related industries would also be affected.

Mainly, the poultry Feed industry would also be greatly affected as prices and other related products used in formulation of feeds would drop drastically.

All the above mentioned points would affect the economy of the Nation as a whole


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PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: BREEDER FARMS Preventive vaccination

Limit or control human traffic access to the farm.

Ensure sick birds are isolated and no contacts with poultry and other captive birds within the boundaries

Proper disposal of mortalities (bury or incinerate).

Proper hygiene pre and post poultry handling.

Proper poultry waste disposal.

Provide protective clothes and boots to visitors.

Proper disinfection of farm workers, visitors and vehicles before entering Farm.

Daily fumigation and disinfection of work areas and equipment

Proper feed storage and handling

Practice effective pest and rodent control strategies


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PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: HATCHERY Do not receive nor store eggs from suspected farms

Limit or control human traffic access to the hatchery especially during pull out operation.

Proper hygiene pre and post egg handling.

Proper hatchery waste disposal. Incineration is the best.

Provide protective clothes and boots to visitors if entry is compulsory.

Proper disinfection of farm workers, visitors and vehicles before entering farm.

Daily fumigation of work areas, equipment and machineries

Maintain proper sanitary practice pre and post hatching operations


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PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: FEED MILLS Maintain proper and effective sanitation practices

in raw ingredient, production and feed storage areas

Practice effective pest and rodent control strategies

Limit access of pest and wild birds to finished feed storage areas

Ensure periodic fumigation of feed handling areas

Employees must practice good personal hygiene


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PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: COMMERCIAL REARING

Limit or control human traffic access to the farm.

Proper disposal of mortalities (bury or incinerate).

Proper hygiene pre and post poultry handling.

Proper poultry waste disposal.

Provide protective clothes and boots to visitors.

Proper disinfection of farm workers, visitors and vehicles before entering Farm.

Do not add birds from different sources together.

Do not add new acquisition to your flock without quarantine.

Do not exchange or borrow farm inputs and equipment from other farms.

Do not compromise the source of your feed, source from reliable


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PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: COMMERCIAL REARING

Proper storage of feed

Put in place adequate bio-security measures in feed and farm input haulage.

Isolate sick birds immediately from the flock.

Keep away wild life, game birds, rodents and other pets away from the farm.

Have an active pest and rodent control program

Proper housing/netting of the birds to prevent exposure to wild birds, rodents e.t.c

Proper sensitization of Farmers/Attendants

Proper disease monitoring, reporting and surveillance.


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PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: LIVE BIRDS MARKETS

Do not buy birds from sick flocks

Get accurate and concise birds history before purchase and sale

Maintain good market hygiene

Proper periodic disinfection/fumigation of market

Active surveillance of live birds market activities by relevant regulatory authorities

Establish limit to movement from farm to farm and market to market

Active training of market women on inherent risk and control measures


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NEED TO COME TOGETHER TO PREVENT AVIAN INFLUENZA IN STATE OF OSUN.


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NEED TO COME TOGETHER TO PREVENT AVIAN INFLUENZA IN STATE OF OSUN.

Food security and poverty alleviation

Savings in potential outbreak costs and avoided economic damages.

Maintaining the trade and market access.

Reduction in the levels of infection.

No Government compensation can restore losses.

Dangerous to humans.


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WHAT TO DO?EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS

Report promptly symptoms, strange birds behavior and high mortalities to desk officers highlighted below;

Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security - 08034110361

TUNS Farms - 08057496069

PAN - 08035012975

Documents

Hand book on prevention and control of Avian Influenza in State of Osun