Handbook Best practice DroppeD oBject ManageMentsamarbeidforsikkerhet.no/files/4167a400-491b-408c-a8e0-8bbf04717a4... · Handbook Best practice. DroppeD oBject ... The functional

HandbookBest practice DroppeD oBject ManageMent

www.samarbeidforsikkerhet.no

rev. 02

abbreviations / termsHSE• –Health,safetyandenvironmentDO• –Droppedobject,anuncontrolledmovementofanobjectfromoneleveltoanotherCCTV• –(Closed-circuittelevision)surveillancecamera.Documented training• –trainingwherebypersonsusinganequipmenthavereceiveddocumentablepracticaltrainingandtheoreticaltuitionthathasprovidedthemwithknowledgeof:Structure/composition,operation,propertiesandareasofuse,aswellasmaintenanceandcontrol,allincompliancewiththesafe-useandoperatingrequirementsintheapplicableregulationsandinstructionsforuse.Competent person• –Apersonthatcandocumentpracticalandtheoreticalknowledgeinthedisciplinearea,forexampleintheformofanexaminationcertificateoracertificateofcompetence.SfS• –SamarbeidforSikkerhet(“WorkingTogetherforSafety”)Atripartitecooperationwithinthefieldofhealth,safetyandtheenvironment(HSE)intheoiland-gasindustry.

2 Dropped Object Management

Fallingobjectsrepresentasignificantsafetychallengeinouroperations.

Studieshaveshownthatourgreatestchallengesareconnectedtoworkprocessesandinadequatelysecuredequipment.AsacorrectiveactionWorkingTogetherforSafety(SfS)hasdecidedtopublishthishandbook,whichsummarizesrelevantrequirementsforsecuringfixedandlooseequipment.

ThishandbookwasfirstestablishedbyStatoiltogetherwiththeircontractorsandusers.OuraimbypublishingthishandbookistocommunicateBestPracticetotheindustry.Themainobjectiveistoavoiddroppedobjects.Toachievethisweneedtoknowhowtosecureequipment.Usethishandbookactivelytobetterunderstandandestablishnecessarybarriers.Alsomakesurethatthesebarriersaremaintained.

SfSwouldliketoexpresssincerethankstoStatoilHydrofortheirwillingnesstosheartheirBestPracticewiththerestofourindustry.

ErikWiigLeaderSfS

introduction

Dropped Object Management 3

table of contentsPurpose of the handbook......................................... 6Barriers.......................................................................8Fall energy and fall factor........................................ 10Galvanic corrosion...................................................12Bolted connections..................................................14 -Specialbolts........................................................16 -Boltedconnections.............................................. 18Correct use of cotter pins....................................... 26Securing pins/ safety pins....................................... 28Securing devices...................................................... 30Correct installation of wire clamps......................... 32Securing of personnel.............................................. 34Derrick evacuation equipment................................ 36Securing of tools at hight........................................ 38 -Handtools<5kg............................................... 38 -Tools5-25kg......................................................40 -Securingofotherportableequipment................ 42 -Toolcabinetsforwork......................................... 44Securing of permanently attached equipment..... 46Walkways -Grating.................................................................46 -Pipeworkandequipmentfeedthroughs.............. 48 -Railings............................................................... 50 -Toeboards.......................................................... 52 -Swinggates........................................................ 54 -Ladders............................................................... 56


Electroandinstrument -Floodlights........................................................... 58 -Lightingfixtures...................................................60 -Navigationlights................................................. 62 -CCTVcamera.....................................................64 -Craneboomcamera........................................... 68 -Loudspeakers.....................................................70 -Junctionboxesandcabinetsinstalledaloft........ 72 -Cabletraysandcableladders............................ 74Structures -Windwalls..........................................................76 -Signs...................................................................78Otherequipment -Valvehandlesandwheelsinstalledatheight..... 80 -Locksoninsulationcladding.............................. 82 -Temporary/permanentstorageofgascylinders.. 84 -Snatchblocks....................................................86 -Umbilicalrollersheaves..................................... 88 -Loophoses.........................................................90 -Loadcarriers......................................................92 -Correctuseofshackles...................................... 94 -Correctuseofeyebolts/eyenuts....................... 96Racks and storage..................................................... 98Unnecessary equipment aloft.............................. 100Securing of parts, equipment and material during work aloft ...................................................102Post inspection/ final check of the work site...... 104Observation techniques........................................ 106


purpose of the handbook Thisdocumentisintendedtohelpeliminatetheriskofdroppedobjects.Itappliesbothtoequipmentprocureandtoequipmentalreadyinusein/onyourownandhiredinstallations.Inmanycases,thefunctionalrequirementsthatareestablishedfortheequipmentinthisdocumentwillsetanewstandardforouractivities.Thedefinitionofbarriersthatpreventdroppedobjects,deployedintheprocurement,useandmaintenanceofequipment,hasbeenanimportantgoal.Whenprocuringnewequipment,wemustendeavourtouseintegratedsolutionsinrespecttobarriers.Inordertominimizethedangerofcollision,wemustalwaysevaluatetheriskassociatedwiththechosenlocationofequipment.Equipmentmustbedesignedandinstalledtoprovidethesafestpossibleaccessformain-tenance,ref.NORSOK,PSA,OLFandtheNorwegianLabourInspectionAuthority.

Thefunctionalrequirementssetforthinthishandbookmustbecompliedwithinthewholevaluechain:- design - procurement - installation- operation - maintenanceBycomplyingwiththeserequirementsyouwillhelpSfSachievethegoalofzerodroppedobjects

Who is responsible? – Everyone in the value chain (see next page).



Barriersarefunctionsandmeasuresdesignedto•breakaspecifiedundesirablechainsofevents.Inotherwords,theirfunctionistopreventadangerfrommanifestingitselfortolimitthedamagebybreakinganundesirablechainofevents.

Barriers


Safetybarriersaretechnical,organizationalorotherplannedandimplementedmeasuresintendedtobreakanundesirablechainofevents.- Man (humanknowledge,experienceandqualities)

- Technicalsolutionsalonecanserveasbarrier functions,buttheyoftenneedtobecombinedwith organizationaland/orhumansolutions- Organizational(procedures,specifications, checklistsetc.)

MandOsolutionscannot fillbarrierfunctions alone;theymustalwaysbecombinedwithatleast oneothersolution.

M

t

o


Fall energy and fall factor

Fall factorsthe “fall factor “de-scribes the severity of a fall. it is an expression of the relationship be-tween the length of the fall and the length of rope available to break the fall.

the fall factor is calcu-lated using the formula on next page.

factor0

lanyardwith

lanyardwithoutenergyabsorber

factor1 factor2


Fall energy Fallenergy,measuredinJoules(J)asshowninthefiguretotheleft,isonlyusedinconnectionwiththeriskofpersonalinjury(inothercasespotentialfallenergy(Ef)iscalculatedusingtheformulaEf=mghwheremistheweightoftheobjectinkg,histheheightfromwhichtheobjectisdroppedandgisthegravitationalaccelera-tion=9.8m/s).Alimitof40JhasbeendefinedbyOLFandPSANorway,asthecriterionforseriouspersonalinjury.

Fall factorThefallfactoristhetotallengthofthefalldividedbythelengthofthesecuringdevicethatabsorbsthefallenergy.Theforceapersonorobjectisexposedto,dependsontheenergy-absorbingpropertiesofthesecuringdevice(abilitytolengthenwithoutbreaking).Whensecuringpersonsagainstfalling,thefallfactormustundernocircumstancesexceedfactor2.Itshouldpreferablybekeptunderfactor1.

reference: petzl technical guideline.


galvanic corrosion

Asabasicrule,onlymetalsofthesameoralmostthesamenobilityshouldbecombinedinacorrosiveenvironment.

Anode(lessnobel)

cath

ode

(mor

e no

bel)

Electrochemical series

cathode (protected) more noblegraphitetitanium

silveracid-proof steel a4 – passive stainless steel a2 – passive

iconel – passive nickel – passive

silver solderMonel

copper/nickel alloysBronzecopper

Brassiconel – active nickel – active

TinLead

TinsolderStainlesssteelA4–activeStainlesssteelA2–active

CaststeelSteelandiron

Aluminium2024–T4Cadmium

Aluminium1100Galvanisedsteel

ZincMagnesiumalloys

MagnesiumAnode (corrodes) less noble


Galvaniccorrosionoccurswhentwodissimilarmetalswithdifferentvoltagepotentialsareincontactwitheachotherinthepresenceofanelectrolyte(dampfilmorseawater/freshwater).Whenthishappens,thelessnoblemetalbecomestheanodeandthemorenoblemetalthecathode.Ifasteelscrewisfixedintoacopperplate,thescrewwillbetheanodesincecopperisthenoblermetal.Thescrewwillcorroderapidlyasthedifferenceinpotentialisgreat.

Ifthesamesteelscrewisfixedintoalessnobleplate,e.g.azincplate,thescrewwillbethecathodeandwillnotrust.Thezincplatewillcorrode,asitislessnoblethanthescrew.

Forthesereasons,itisimportantthatallsecuringdevicesareofthestainlesssteeltype.Thisappliestocotterpins,safetypins,securingwireandlockingwireforthreadingthroughnutsandboltsetc.


steel screwcurrent

Humidity

copper

steel screwcurrent

Humidity

Less noble plate

Bolted connections


Atpresent,boltsarebeingproducedtoatleast85differentindustrialstandardsandtherequirementsforboltedconnectionsvaryforthedifferentsectorsdependingonthegivendesign,operationalandmainte-nancerequirements.

Achievingastableboltedconnectionwillthereforerequireaqualifiedevaluationofthefollowingfactors:Loaddesign•Choiceofmaterialswithrespecttomechanical•propertiesandcorrosionresistanceWhereappropriate,useoflubricant•Pre-tensioninganduseofthecorrecttorque•equipment

Locking of bolts to secure against loss of torque and pre-tension, is defined as secondary retention.

Eighty-fivepercentofalldamagetoboltsetc.isduetofatigue: –dynamicloadwithinadequatepre-tensioning –overstrainresultinginreducedpre-tensioning


special bolts

BONDURA BOLTwww.boltnorge.no

Bondurahasaconstructionthatcantakeupmovementandovalitybyusingexpandingtaperedsleevesatbothendsofthebolt.Thereareseveralvariantsofthebolt,bothstraight-throughversionstootherthatarefittedfromoneside.Standardscrewsaretightenedtopressinthecones.Theboltisfixeddirectlytothemachineorequipmentwithlockingscrews.Thispreventstheboltfromloosening,fallingoutorrotatinginthebolthole.Bonduraboltsmustbefittedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sspecifications.BonduraiscertifiedincompliancewithAPI8CandF.E.M.regulations.

Areas of use:Forexample,asareplacementforclevisboltsintopdrivesandhingeboltsondollies,pipehandlingequipmentandcranes.

Bondura bolt 6.6 Bondura bolt 6.1


SUPERBOLT / SUPERNUT www.superbolt.com

Superbolt/Supernutareconstructedsuchthatstand-ardnutsarereplacedby“stretchnuts”withintegratedjackboltsandwashers.UsecanbeverybeneficialintermsofHSEbecauseonlyhandtoolsareneededforfittinganddismantling.Riggingofheavytorqueequip-mentanduseofsledgehammersduringinstallationanddisassemblyisavoided.Anadditionalbenefitisthattimeissavedduringtheoperations.Boltsmustbefittedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sspecifications.BothSuperboltandSupernutisavailableinaspecialcorrosionresistantoffshoreversion.

Areas of use:Almostunlimited;availableinbothinchandmillimetredimensionsanddiametersfromM20toM160.


Bolted connections

nord-Lock bolt securing system

spiralock


Dual nuts are not recommended for locking of bolted connections. The following methods are recommended for locking bolted connections.

NORD-LOCk BOLT SECURiNG SySTEM www.nordlock.comWhencorrectlyinstalled,theNord-LockBoltsecuringsystemprovidesaguaranteedsecureboltedconnection.Lockingisachievedbymeansoftwowashersthatensuretheclampingforceismaintainedintheboltedconnection.Nord-LockhasDnV(DetNorskeVeritas)typeapproval.

Areas of use:Particularlysuitableforconnectionsexposedtovibra-tions,e.g.grating,loudspeakers,cabletrays,ladders,guiderailsetc.Butithasanalmostunlimitedrangeofapplications.

SPiRAL LOCkwww.spiralock.comSelf-lockisanall-metallocknut/boltandhasaspeciallydesignedthreadedprofilethatlockswhentightenedanddistributesthetensionoverthewholelengthofthethread.Thisprovidesbetterloaddistribution,whichhelpstoimprovethelockingoftheboltconnection.

Areas of use:Almostunlimited,frequentlyusedforcriticalboltconnections.


correct installation of cotter pins in bolts


CASTLE NUT WiTH COTTER PiNAdoptedfromtheaviationindustry,Castlenutsprovideavisualandreliablemethodforlockingboltedconnections.Thenuthasradialslotsandislockedbynoncorrosivecotterpinsthatareinsertedthroughaholeinthebolt.

Areas of use:Unlimited,butfrequentlyusedforcriticalboltconnections.


nyloc lock nut

Lock nut with split top Lock nut with deformed top

tab washer tab plate


NyLOC LOCk NUTNyloclocknutsareextensivelyusedthroughouttheindustry.Nyloclocknutsshouldonlybeusedonce.StandardDin985Nylocnutshaveatemperatureratingfrom-70°Cto+120°C.Areas of use:Thistypeofnutisrecognizedforlockinginconnec-tionswhereacertaindegreeoflostpre-tensioncanbeaccepted.

ALL-METAL LOCk NUTSAll-metallocknutscanbeusedonallboltdimensions.Thenutlocksbythethreadedsectionortopofthenutdeforms/splits,orthroughthenuthavingatoothedringunderthecollar.Thisprovidesgreaterfrictionbetweenthebolt/underlayandnut,providingasecurecon-nection.Therearemanyvarietiesandsuppliersonthemarket.Areas of use:Thesenutshaveanalmostunlimitedareaofuse.

TAB WASHER / TAB PLATE DiN 93/463 Tabwasherscanbeusedonalldimensionsandinanyplacedesignedfortheuseoftabwashers.Thereareseveraltypeswithdifferentareasofuseforlockingeithernutsorbolts.Itisimportanttousetherighttypeforeachpurpose.Areas of use:Typicallyinuseonmachinerywhereitisimportanttopreventtheboltfromrotating.


Lock-wiring of bolts

paLnUt (Din 7967) lock nut


PALNUTPalnutlocknut(DIN7967)hasbeenonthemarketforseveraldecadesasanalternativeforlockingofboltedconnections.Palnutlocksby“cutting”itselfintothethreadsontheboltwhenitistightened.Intheoffshorecontexttheyarenormallyusedforlockingontopofstandardnuts.Areas of use: Onthrough-boltsinfixedequipmentanddrillingequip-ment.Easytoinstallwheresecondaryretentionarenotinplace.

LOCk-WiRiNGLock-wiringofboltsisalockingmethodadoptedfromtheaviationindustry.Inbrief,themethodinvolvesthreadingaspecialstainlesswirethroughaholeinthebolthead,twistedandlockedtothenextboltorstruc-ture,thuspreventingthebolttorotateandloosen.Thewirecanbeusedtolockamaximumofthreeboltsinarow,asshownintheillustration.(Forinfoonthesizeoftheholeinthebolthead,seeISO7378).Areas of use: Usedextensivelyforlockingexternalboltedconnec-tionsondrillingandpipe-handlingequipment.Oftenusedwheretherearenothrough-boltsand/orthereisaneedforeasyvisualcontrolofthelocking.


correct use of cotter pins

cotter pin in a shacklebolt

correct installation of cotter pins in bolts


Theindustryhasexperiencedproblemswiththecorrectuseofcotterpinsandthechoiceofmaterials.

Best practiceCotterpinsmustbebenttopreventthemfrombeing•knockedout-Wherethereisadangerofpersonnelexposed,thecotterpinmustbebentasshownintheillustrationWhenhoistingpersonsandloads,alwaysuseshack-•leswithtwobarriers.Preferably:nutandcotterpinLinchpins,springtypesplitpinsoranyothertypeof•safetypinsthatcanbeknockedoutmustnotbeusedforliftingoperations•Cotterpinsshouldbemadeofstainlesssteel•Forstaticloads,shackleswithtwobarriersarerec-•ommendedItisarequirementthatcotterpinsasdescribed•aboveareinspectedregularlyandreplacedwhenrequired.

references: norsoK r-003, norsoK r-005 and Din-en-iso 1234


securing pins/ safety pins


Withintheindustryvarioustypesofinappropriatesecur-ingpinsareused.Theseareunsafebecausetheycaneasilybeknockedout,forexample;springtypesplitpin.

Best practiceNB!Securingpinsofthetypeshowninthepictures•must never be usedinliftingappliancesSecuringpinsshallprovidesecondaryretention•Securingpinsshallbeofthepropersizeandquality•Securingpinsshallbesecuredbywire(wherethisis•appropriate)topreventdropItisarequirementthatsecuringpinsasdescribed•aboveareinspectedregularlyandreplacedwhenrequired.

Areas of use:Scaffoldingbolts,securityboltsonremovablerailings,clawcouplingsandsecuringbracketsongascylinderracksetc.

references: norsoK r-003 and norsoK r-005


securing devices (wires, chains and couplings)

Whereverpossible,equipmentinstalledatheightshallhaveintegratedsecondaryretention.Ifnotpossible,orwhereequipmentisexposedtotheriskofcollision,theequipmentmustbeequippedwithsecondaryretentionsecurelyattachedtothestructure.


Best practiceSecuringdevicesmustbedimensionedinaccord-•ancewiththeequipmentsupplier’scalculations.Thequalityofmaterialsusedmustbeconsistentthrough-outtheentireassemblyOnlyacid-proofsecuringwire(AISI316,type7x19•IWRC)shallbeused.Wiresmustbelockedwithdoublepresslocks(forexampleTaluritlocks).ThelocksmustbemadeofcopperandtheminimumdistancebetweenthelocksmustbeapproximatelyequaltothelengthofafullycrimpedlockAllconnectors/snaphooksmustbemadeofacid•proofsteel(AISI316)andbeequippedwithlocks.SnaphooksattachedtoshacklesshouldhaveeyeletsChainmustbemadeofacid-proof(AISI316)or•galvanizedsteelShacklesforusewithsecuringdevicesshouldhave•rotatingboltwithnutandcotterpin,markedwith“CE”,“WLL”andtraceability,atleastintheformofbatchmarkingThechainorsecuringwiremustbeasshortas•possibletominimizethepotentialfallenergySecuringdevicesmustbeinstalled,maintained•andinspectedinaccordancewiththeinstructionsprovidedintheusermanualormaintenanceinstructions.

references: sfs recommendation 024/2008 and page 10 and 11 in this handbook.


correct installation of wire clamps

correct installation of iron grip wire clamps.

WireropeØMinimumnumberofwireclamps

mm perpiece

3-9 3

10-16 4

17-20 5

21-26 6

27-37 7


Corrosionandincorrectinstallationofwireclampsarechallengesintheindustry.

Best practiceWireclampsmustbeofthecorrectnumberandsized•tothedimensionofthewireItisarequirementthatwireclampsareassembled,•inspectedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’susermanual/maintenanceinstruc-tions.

Note: Wire clamps of the U-bolt type must not be used in connection with lifting operations.

reference: norsoK r-003 and norsoK r-005


securing of personnelDocumentedtrainingisamandatoryrequirementforallpersonnelusingfallarrests.

Fall strap reel with shock absorber

saLa trauma strap


Best practiceTheestablishedcontrolprocedures,bothbeforeand•afteruse,mustbefollowedNobodyshallworkaloneorunattended,whenusing•fallarrestequipmentPersonalusingfallprotectionequipmentmusthave•documentedtrainingthatincludesrescuemethods.(Ref.page2)Necessaryrescueequipmentmustalwaysbeavail-•ableattheworksitePersonalprotectiveequipmentagainstfallsmustbe•CEmarkedTheequipmentmustbecheckedatleastevery12•monthsbyacompetentpersonandshallbemarkedwiththedateforthenextinspectionAbuddycheckofriggingandequipmentmustbe•carriedoutChoiceofsecuringequipment,shallbedecidedafter•evaluationoftheworksiteTheanchorpointforsuspensionshallbeabletosup-•portatleast10kN(seerequirementinNS-EN795)Theharnessshouldpreferablybeequippedwitha•safetystrap.(E.g.:SALAtraumastrap,whichallowsyoutorestonyourfeetafterafall,inordertoensurebloodcirculationtothelegs).

references: the norwegian Working environment act, the norwegian Labour inspectorate’s regulation - including; nos. 500, 523, 524 and 555. Module o-2.2 training plan for documented safety training; Fall arrestequipment and basic lifting appliances. oLF guidelines for construction of scaffolding (no. 105), oLF guidelines for fall arrest and rescue (no. 113) and sfs recomandation 023/2008


Derrick evacuation equipment


Best practiceEquipmentmustbeprotectedfromwearandharsh•environmentEquipmentshouldbestoredincabinet/lockerto•protecteditfromUVradiationandweatherEvacuationblocksmustbeCE-marked•Theridingbeltorharnessmustbeattachedtothe•evacuationblockortotheguidelinewhereappro-priateEvacuationblock,guideline,attachmentpoint,•couplingsandshacklesaredefinedasevacuationequipment/antifallingdevicesandmustbechecked,certifiedandmarkedaccordinglyAnchorpointsforsuspensionmustbeabletosupport•atleast10kNTheequipmentmustbecheckedatleastevery12•monthsbyacompetentpersonandshallbemarkedwiththenextinspectiondateSafeaccesstoanduseoftheequipmentmustbe•ensured.

references: norsoK D-001, norwegian Labour inspectorate’s regulations no. 555, ns en 341 (evacuation Blocks), ns en 362 (connectors) ns en 795 (anchor points) and ns en 813 or 1497 (riding belts)


securing of tools at height (<5kg)

internal securing loops

safety wires and connectors securing of tools

tool belt for scaffolder

Weaklink


Thereisasignificantpotentialofdroppedobjectswhenusingtoolsatheight.

Best practiceUseoftoolsatheightmustberisk-assessed•Wiresandconnectorsmustbeusedbetweenthe•tools,beltorbagSwivelswithsetscrewsshouldnotbeused•Weaklinkshallbeinstalledbetweenthebag/belt•andsafetywireAtoolbagwithinternalloopsshouldbeusedwhen•varioustoolsaredeployedatheightWriststrapsmustnotbeusedbecauseofpotential•personalinjuryIfanattachmentpointotherthanthebeltorbagis•required,useanappropriatepartofthesurroundingstructure,preferablyabovetheworklevelInlimitedareas,forexamplethederrick,flareboom•andcranes,toolsusedatheightmustbeloggedoutandintoensurethatnothingisleftbehind.

reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008


securing of tools at height (5-25kg)


Methodsforsecuringheavytoolsandhand-heldmachineryforuseatheighthavenotbeenadequatelydefined.Inviewofthemajorpotentialforseriousdamageifsuchtoolsormachineryaredropped,itisimportanttohaveclearguidelines. Best practiceAlluseofheavytoolsandhand-heldmachineryat•heightmustberisk-assessedAllheavytoolsandhand-heldmachineryusedat•heightmustbesecuredagainstdropbothwheninuseandwhilebeingtransportedSecuringdevicesmustbedimensionedinaccord-•ancewithverifiablecalculationsanddocumenteddroptests(seethesectiononsecuringdevices)Securingpointsfortoolsandmachinerymustbein•placeabovetheworksiteandthesecuringdevicemustbeastautaspossibleInlimitedareas,forexamplethederrick,flareboom•andcranes,toolsusedatheightmustbeloggedoutandintoensurethatnothingisleftbehind.



securing of other portable equipment at height


Severalofreporteddroppedobjectincidentsarerelatedtoradios,pagersandgasdetectors.Best practiceAllportableequipmentusedatheightmustbese-•curedagainstbeingdroppedCarryingpouchesmustalwaysbeusedforradios•andanyotherportableequipmentthatdon’thavecertifiedsecuringpoints-LocksonthepouchesmusthaveadoublesecuringmechanismtopreventunintentionalopeningBeltclipswhichallowequipmenttobecomedetached•whenturned180ºshouldnotbeusedBeltswithsnapfastenersarenotrecommendedfor•securingofequipmentatheight.



tool cabinets for work at height

Toolcabinets/lockersforworkatheighthavenowbeeninstalledatmanyfacilities,offshoreinmostcasesnearthedrillfloor.Unfortunately,anumberofirregularitieshavebeenobservedregardingsecuring,controlandregistrationoftools..


Best practiceEachcabinet/lockershallbeequippedwithalistof•contentsandbekeptlockedAdesignatedpersonmustberesponsibleforthecab-•inettoensurethatalltoolstakenfromandreturnedtothecabinetareloggedThecontentsofthetoolcabinetforworkatheight•anditsaccompanyinglogbookmustbecheckedattheendofeveryshiftAlltoolsmustbeadequatelyequippedforsecuringat•heightandmusthavedocumentedattachmentpointsInadditiontothenecessarytools,cabinetsshouldbe•equippedwithasufficientnumberof:-correctlydimensionedsafetywireswithapprovedswagelocks-connectors/snaphookswithlocking-toolbagswithinternalfasteningdevices-specialbeltsforfasteningoftoolsandbag-weaklinksforfasteningbetweentheharness/beltandsafetywire.



securing of permanently attached equipment grating

Atpresentthereareanumberofdifferentwaysoffasteninggratingtounderlyingstructuresorframes.Asaresultofvibrationsanddefectivelockingoffastening,thereareincidentsofloosegratingandlooseormissingfasteningclips.


Best practiceGratingmustbeadequatelyfixedtounderlying•structurestopreventlooseningduetovibrationsorloadsGratingshouldbesecuredagainstmajorsideways•displacementinalldirectionsThrough-boltsorthreadedconnectionswithlocknut,•arerecommendedforsecuringtostructureOpeningsinthegratingmustnotexceed20mm•wherepersonnelmaytraffictheareabelow,andshouldotherwisenotexceed35mm.

reference: norsoK c-002, norsoK s-002, en-iso 14122-2 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 170 with guidelines.


piping and equipment feedthroughs

Significantshortcominginpipingandequipmentfeed-throughandmissingholecoveringarefoundthroughouttheindustry.


Best practiceAllpipingandequipmentfeedthroughsindecksand•gratingmusthaveatoeboardandmustbecoveredtothegreatestextentpossibleCanvasoracladdingmaterialcanbeused.Thisis•especiallyimportantinareaswherethereisequip-mentrequiringperiodicmaintenance.Doneproperlyandpreferablypermanently,itwillbeanefficientmeasureagainstdroppedobjects.

references: norsok D-001, norsoK c-002 and norsoK s-002


railings

Majordefectsinrailingshavebeenobservedintheindustry,andparticularlyincollapsible,movableandaluminiumrailings.


Best practiceRailingmustbe1100mmhighasaminimumand•haveintegratedtoeboardsthatareatleast100mmhigh•Railingmusthaveafunctionaldesignfortheareaitisintendedtosecure,e.g.wiremeshmustbeinstalledasrequired(lockedareas)Railingsshallnothavedeformationsorcracksthat•affectsthefunctionalityorstrengthItmustalwaysbepossibletoinsertmovablerailings•intothefasteningsandinsertasecuringthrough-boltThesafetyboltmustbeadequatelylockedusinga•securingpin,snaphook(witheyelet)oracotterpin(seealsothesectiononsecuringpins)Boththesafetyboltandlockingmustbesecuredin•theimmediatevicinityoftheattachmentAllconnectionsbetweenelementsintherailingmust•besecuredwiththrough-boltandlocknutUseofsetscrewsarenotrecommendedin•permanentrailingsRailingsandattachmentpointsforcollapsibleand•movablerailingsmustbeinspectedonaregularbasistomaintainadequatesecuringandfunctionality.

reference: en iso 14122-3, norsoK D-001, norsoK c-002, norsoK s-002 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 170 with guidelines


toe boards


Shortageofandincorrectlyinstalledtoeboardsareobservedthroughouttheindustry.Commonlythegapbetweenthetoeboardanddeckareexceedingrequirements.

Best practiceDecks,gangwaysandplatformsmusthavetoe•boardswithaminimumheightof100mmOnstairways,everystepmusthaveatoeboardwith•aminimumheightof50mmAlllandingsinstairwaysmusthavetoeboardswitha•minimumheightof100mmThegapbetweenthedeckorgratingandtoeboard•mustnotexceed10mm.

references: en-iso 14122-3, norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002, norsoK c-002 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 170 with guidelines


swing gates


Onmanyswinggatesthehingesarefittedwithouttherequiredmaterialqualityordesignstrengthtoservetheintendedfunction.Manyoldergatesalsolackintegratedtoeboards.

Best practiceGatesmustbeofthesamestrengthasthe•surroundingrailingsGatesmustbesecuredinordertoprevent•disengaging.Gatesmustopen/swinginwardstotheplatform•ordeckGatesmustbedesignedtoautomaticallyreturn•toandremaininclosedposition.Onfloatingrigs/installationsitisrecommended•tofitalatchtosecuredthegateinclosedposition.Toeboardsmustbeintegratedingates•Whereverpossible,thehingesshouldbeanintegral•partofthegateSwinggatesmustbeinspectedandmaintainedon•aregularbasistoensureadequatefunction.

references: norsoK D-001, norsoK c-002, norsoK s-002 and

en-iso 14122-3


LaddersDamagedladdersandsafetycageshavebeenobservedintheindustry.Crackshavebeenfoundinbothladdersandcages,especiallyinderricksandareasarulecausedbycollisionwithmovingequipment/objects.


Best practiceLaddershigherthan9mmusthaveincorporateda•restplatformevery6thmorbeequippedwithafixedfallarrestdevice(ref.NORSOK)Laddershigherthan6mshouldhavearestplatform,•incompliancewithTheNorwegianLabourInspectionAuthority’srecommendationsSafetycagesmustbeinstalledonladdersofmore•than3mandonshorterladderswherethereisariskoffallingtoalowerlevelThesafetycagemuststartatamaximumof2.2m•abovethedeck/floor.Minimizethedistancebetweentheupperpartoftherailingandthelowerpartofthecage,byusingextraprotectionasappropriatewherethereisariskoffallingtoalowerlevelThesafetycagemustextendtoatleast1.1mabove•thetoplevelThediameterofthesafetycagemustbeatleast•70-80cmAlldamageanddeformationmustbereportedand•correctedassoonaspossibleLaddersandsafetycagesmustbeinspectedona•regularbasistouncovercracksordamage.

reference: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002, en-iso 14122-1,en-iso 14122-4 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 170 with guidelines


Floodlights


Floodlightsarerarelyadequatelysecuredagainstdropcausedbyhitsfrommovingequipment.

Best practiceFloodlightsmustbepositionedtopreventbeinghitby•equipment/loadsIfthereisapotentialofthefloodlightsbeinghitby•mobileequipment/loads,theymusteitherbeprotec-tedwithreinforcedcagesorbefittedwithsafetywiresFloodlightsmustbeequippedwithtwoindependent•barriers.Theattachmentpointsshouldbeintegrated,forexamplewitheyeboltsthreadedintothefloodlighthousingCalculationsmustbeavailableforattachmentpoints•andsecuringdevicesrelatedtotherelevantfallener-giesFasteningdevicesforsecuringofequipmentto•bracketorstructureshouldbefittedwithsecondaryretentionHatchesforreplacementoflightbulbsmustbe•hingedorsecuredwithwiretothefloodlighthousing/frameFornewinstallationsorforinstallingsecuringdevices•onexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.

references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation 024/2008


Lighting fixtures


Therehavebeenseveralseriousincidentswhereboththecoverandthecasinghavedropped.

Best practiceLightingfixturesmustbepositionedtopreventbeing•hitbymobileequipment/loadsLightingfixturesandbracketsshouldbefittedwith•secondaryretentionSafetywiresattachmentpointsshouldbeintegrated•inbothendsofthefixtureBatterypacksmustbefittedwithsecondaryretention•Theearthingwireshouldbeattachedinternallyto•functionasasecondaryretentionAbovewalkwaysandothertraffickedareasfixtures•withpowercableinfromonesideonly,requiresthattheoppositeendissecuredwithasafetywireThecovershouldhavehingesthatcanbefittedon•eithersideThecomponentrailshouldbehingedandmustallow•foradequatesecuringintheclosedpositionStrengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,•relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesmustbeeva-luatedFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingfixtures,usermanuals/main-tenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsmustalsocoversecuringdevices.



navigation lights


Best practiceTheboltsusedtoattachnavigationlightstobrackets•andstructuresshouldbeequippedwithsecondaryretentionAttachmentbracketsmusthaveholesforattachment•ofsafetywiresCoverforelectricalconnectionsmustbehingedor•securedwithwireStrengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,•relatedtotherelevantfallenergimustbeeva-luatedNavigationlightswithslidinggroovesforboltatta-•chmenttothestructure,arenotrecommendedFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/main-tenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsmustalsocoversecuringdevices.

references: norsoK D-001 and sfs recommendation 024/2008


cctV camera


Withintheindustry,itisidentifiedthatCCTVcamerashavebeeninadequatelysecured.

Best practice (integrated solution)CCTVcameralocationmustbeevaluatedtoprevent•riskofbeinghitbymovingequipment/loadsInareaswherethereiscraneactivity,cameras•shouldbeshieldedbyprotectivecagesThecameracasingmustbefastenedtothebracket•andstructurewithadequatelockingofattachmentboltsTheattachmentpointforsecuringdevicesshould•formanintegratedpartofthecameracasingandbracketStrengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,•relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesmustbeeva-luatedFornewinstallationorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.

references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation

024/2008



Best practice (non-integrated solution)CCTVcameralocationmustbeevaluatedtoprevent•riskofbeinghitbymovingequipment/loadsWherethereisdangerofthecamerabeingstruckby•mobileequipment/loads,itmusteitherbeprotectedbyareinforcedcageorbefittedwithsafetywiretostructureThecamerashouldbefittedwithtwoindependent•barriersonthecameracasing,themotorizedpan-tiltzoomunit,thewipermotorandthelenscoverThecameracasingandmotorizedpan-tilt-zoomunit•shouldbeattachedtothebracketandstructurewithadequatelylockedattachmentboltsTheattachmentpointforthesecuringdevicesshould•beintegratedintothecameraparts.AlternativelyspecialclampscanbeusedasattachmentpointsCalculationsmustbeavailableforattachmentpoints•andsecuringdevices,relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.


024/2008


crane boom camera


Withintheindustrytherehavebeenseveralincidentswhereacranecamerahasbeenstruckduringliftingoperations.

Best practiceCraneboomcamerasmusthavetwoindependent•barriersBoltsusedforattachingthecraneboomcamerato•bracketsandstructuresshouldbefittedwithsecon-daryretentionAttachmentpointsforthesafetywireshouldbe•integratedaspartofthecameracasing.Alternatively,specialclampscanbefittedroundthecameracasingThesafetywiremustrunfromthecameracasing•throughthecamerabracketandthenthroughtheattachmentbracketbeforebeingattachedsecurelytothestructureofthecraneboomCalculationsmustbeavailableforattachmentpoints•andsecuringdevices,relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.



Loudspeakers


Best practiceLoudspeakerslocationmustbeevaluatedtoprevent•riskofbeinghitbymovingequipment/loadsIfthereisariskofbeinghitbymobileequipment•/loads,loudspeakersmusteitherbeprotectedbyreinforcedbracesorequippedwithasafetywireBoltsusedtofastenloudspeakerstobracketsand•thestructureshouldbefittedwithsecondaryreten-tion,asanalternativeasafetywirecanbeattachedbetweenbracketandstructureStrengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,•relatedtotherelevantfallenergimustbeeva-luatedFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsmustbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.


024/2008


junction boxes and cabinets

installed at hight


Withintheindustryitisrevealedincorrectpositioningofjunctionboxesandcabinets,defectivesuspension/fasteningandinadequatesecuringofhatches,doorsandcovers.

Best practiceJunctionboxesandcabinetsmustbelocatedwhere•theydonotobstructpassageways,evacuationroutesormovingequipmentThetypeanddesignofattachmentandsafety•devicesmustbeinaccordancewithcalculatedloadsandknownpotentialexternalstressfactorsFasteningdevisesforsecuringofequipmentto•bracketorstructureshallbefittedwithsecondaryretentionWherethereisdangeroftheequipmentbeingstruck•bymovingequipment/loads,itmustbeprotectedbyareinforcedcageorbefittedwithasafetywireCoversmustbesecuredbyfastenersthataresecu-•redandlockedtopreventloosening,andmustbesecuredwithwireorchainHingedhatches/doorsshouldbesecuredagainst•unintendedunhookingandlockingdevicesshouldbefittedwithbarrieragainstopeningAsaminimum,themanufacturer’sinstructionsfor•installationandmaintenance(usermanual)mustbecompliedwith.



cable trays and cable ladders


Best practiceOnlyapprovedboltconnectionsshallbeusedfor•fasteningandcouplingsCablefixingclampswithscrewconnectionsareused•forsafeandfunctionalsecuringofinstrumentcablesWhenattachingthecablesupportsystemtoastruc-•ture,theriskofgalvaniccorrosionmustbeassessedandinsulationconsideredwhereappropriateTheusermanual/instructionsforusemustalso•provideguidelinesforcorrectinstallation,bothinthejointsandtheattachmentInaddition,theusermanual/instructionsforuse•mustprovideguidelinesfornecessarymaintenance/retighteningandinspectionofbothelectro-steelandboltandscrewconnections.

references: norsoK s-002, sfs recommendation 001/2001 and sfs recommendation 024/2008


Wind walls


Withintheindustrymanydamagedandlooseplateshavebeenrevealedinwindwalls.Thisisduebothtofaultyinstallationandtoexternalfactors(collisionswithmobileequipmentandharshenvironment).Best practiceWind-wallpanelsmustbefastenedtoaseparate•support/structureandnevertothemainstructureWind-wallpanelsmustalwaysbereinforcedusing•horizontalsteelbeamsinaccordancewiththedesignloadsAreasthatareexposedtocollisionriskmusthave•strongercornermountingssecuredbythrough-boltsandlocknutsThepreferredattachmentsolutionisthrough-bolts•withwashersandlocknutsTheusermanual/instructionsmustalsoprovide•guidelinesforcorrectinstallationofbothjointsandattachmentpointsGuidelinesmustbeavailableonessentialmainte-•nanceandinspectionofwind-wallpanelsandtheirattachmentpoints.

reference: norsoK c-002


signs


Signinstallationmethodshaveinmanycasesbeenfoundinadequate.

Best practiceTherequirementsoftheNorwegianLabourInspec-•tionAuthorityinrespecttopostingofsignsmustbefollowedSigns,bracketsandframesforsignsmustalwaysbe•securelyattachedandtheframesshouldbeofmetalWheretheunderlyingmaterialpermits,signframes•shouldbeattachedusingthrough-boltswithlocknutsFastenersusedforattachmenttobracketsandstruc-•turesshouldbefittedwithsecondaryretentionIdentificationtagsthatarepaintedorgluedare•recommendedforidentificationofpipingsystems.Onhotsurfaces,identificationtagsshouldbeattachedwithplastic-coatedsteelbands.

references: norsoK D-001 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 526 -chapter 3 - §§ 10 and 11.


Valve handles and valve wheels installed at height


Manycaseshaveoccurredwherevalvewheelsandvalvehandlesformanualvalvesarenotadequatelysecured.

Best practiceValvewheelsandhandlesmustbefittedwithsecond-•aryretentionWherepossible,nutsandcotterpinsshouldbeused•inthevalvestemonstationaryvalvehandlesandwheels(NordlockandNylocnutscanalsobeusedwhereappropriate)-Onlargehandlesandwheels,boltsandlocknutsshouldbeusedinsteadofcotterpinsWhenmobilehandlesorwheelsareused,they•shouldbesecured-Whennotinuse,handlesandwheelsshouldbestoredinasuitableandsafelocationIfSeegerringsareusedforlocking/securing,•frequentinspections/maintenanceshouldbecarriedouttocheckforcorrosionand/ormechanicaldam-ageOnwheelsthataresecuredbyasetscrewonly,•replacethesetscrewwithathrough-boltandlocknutSafetywirewithalockablesnaphookmaybean•alternativeifthesecuringmethodsmentionedabovecannotbeused.

references: sfs recommendations 001/2001 and

sfs recommendations 024/2008


Locks on insulation cladding


Therehavebeenmanyinstanceswithintheindustrywherepiecesofinsulationcladdinghavedroppedfromheightsduetovibrations,corrosionorstrongwinds.

Best practiceInsulationcladdingmustbesecurelyfastenedto•preventlocksfromlooseningunintentionallyThelocksshouldbesecuredwithsecondaryreten-•tion,eitherbyusingaboltandlocknutorbyinsertingastainlesscotterpinthroughthesecuringholesinthelocksorsimilar.Maintenanceroutinesmustincludeinspectionofthe•claddingtoensurethatitisingoodcondition.



temporary / permanent storage of gas cylinders

storage rack with bolted cylinder brackets

temporary storage, secured with chain


Gascylinderstemporarilystoredareoftenpoorlysecuredwithropeorcargostraps.

Best practiceStoringofgascylindersmustnotobstructpassage•Gascylindersmustbestoredandsecuredsafely•Storingofgascylindersmustberiskassessed•Temporarilystoredgascylindersmustbesecured•withachainPermanentstorageracksmustbeequippedwith•securingbrackets/chains.

references: norsoK s-001 and norsoK s-002


snatch blocks

nord lock a set-screw is installed through the nut and into the stem

a set-screw is installed through the nut and into the bearing bolt


Best practiceBlocksmusthavetwobarriersbothinthesuspen-•sionandtheshaftAmaintenanceprogrammustbeestablishedin•accordancewiththeusermanual,includingrequire-mentforinspectioneverytwelvemonthsofblocks,shacklesandliftinglugsbyacompetentperson-Blocksmustbedismantledattherequestofthecompetentpersonorinaccordancewiththemanu-facturer’srecommendationsor,inanycase,atleasteveryfifthyearSnatchblocksandsuspensionshacklesshouldpref-•erablybemarkedwithcolouredtiewrapsusingthedesignatedcolourcodeoftheyear.

AcompetencematrixmustbedrawnupinaccordancewithNORSOKforpersonnelwhomaintainandoperatesnatchblocks.

references: norsoK r-003, norsoK r-005 and sfs recommendation 014/2004 (snatch blocks).


Umbilical roller sheaves (Banana sheaves)


Asaresultofinadequatesecuringofrollersinumbilicalrollersheaves,therehavebeenseveralseriousincidents.

Best practiceAnumbilicalrollersheavemusthavemaintenance•programandbesubjectedtotestingandinspectioneverytwelvemonthsinaccordancewiththemanu-facturer’sinstructionsRollersmustbesecuredwithtwoindependentbar-•riers,forexample,through-boltswithlocknutsorcotterpinsAnumbilicalrollersheavemustbeusedexclusively•forthepurposeforwhichitwasdelivered,i.e.itisnotpermittedtouseitforsuspendingwiresTheumbilicalmustbeinstalledondeckandthesup-•portrollersreinstalledandsecuredAusermanual/maintenanceinstructionsforthe•equipmentmustbeavailableTheinstructionsmustcoverinstallation,inspectionandmaintenance.InstructionmustalsoincludesecuringdevicesSheavesandsuspensiondevicesshouldpreferably•bemarkedwithcolouredtiewrapsusingthedesig-natedcolourcodeoftheyear.

references: norsoK r-003 and sfs recommendation 024/2008


Loop hoses

Faultyinstallationorinadequatemaintenanceofloophoses,andespeciallyhigh-pressurehoses,isapotentialsafetyrisk.


Best practiceTheequipmentmanufacturer’sinstructionsforinstal-•lationandtechnicaldescriptionmustbefollowedClampsmustbeattachedandsecurelyfastened•wherethehoseismarkedwith;“Attachsafetyclamphere”Safetychainsmustbeasshortaspossible-and•installedasclosetotheverticalaspossible,topreventfallenergyandpendulumeffectSecuringdevicesforhosesmustbedesignedtosup-•portthemaximumloadsgeneratedbyabursthose.ThedesignbasismustbedocumentedTherequiredresistancetowearandtear,chemicals,•heatandUVradiationmustalsobedocumentedThesecuringsystemforhosesmustbecertifiedand•traceableThesecuringdevicesmustbecheckedandmarked•inaccordancewiththenormforliftingappliancesInadditiontocorrectinstructionsforinstallation,•theusermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldcontainguidelinesfornecessarymaintenanceandinspectionofthehosesecuringsystem.


Load carrier Units (LcU)

Severalseriousincidentsrelatedtotheuse-anddispatchofloadcarriershavebeenrevealed.

Forklift pockets and roof

Forklift pockets, frame, tank and tank top

Forklift pockets and frame


Best practiceChainslingsmusthavethenecessarycertification,be•intactandwithouttwists.ShacklesmustbeequippedwithnutsandcotterpinsLCU`smusthavethenecessaryidentificationand•certifiedliftinglugsLiftinglugs,doors,hingesandlocksmustnotbe•deformedordamagedPermittedloadsincontainersandbasketsmustbe•welldistributedandadequatelysecuredbystamping,useoflashingandnets(baskets).Lashingmustnotcomeincontactwithsharpedges.Paddingshouldbeusedwhereappropriate.HeavyobjectsmustbeplacedatthebottomOnLCU`swithattachedequipmentsuchaspumps,•tanks,winchesetc.,checkandensurethatnoequipmentprotrudesfromtheframeTanksmusthavesecuredandsealedmanholes/•valves.Allattachedequipment(grids,covers,platesetc.)mustbeadequatelysecured.Thepermittedloadmustnotbeexceeded-ItmustbeensuredthattherearenolooseobjectsintheforkliftpocketsorontopoftheLCU`sorinloads-Checkofequipmentmustbedocumentedbyasignaturebeforetransporttoorfromalocation.

references: DnV 2.7.1, ns-en 12079, norsoK r-003, norsoK r-005, sfs recommendation 024/2008 and oLF guideline no. 116


correct use of shackles

safe use of shackles.Limitations.

illustration for shackles > WLL 8.5 t.on small shackles, the load must be distributed across the whole bolt.example: if a load of WLL 10.5 t is distributed across only 40 per cent of the shackle bolt’s length, WLL is reduced to 10.5 x 0.8 = 8.4 t.

Load direction on a shackle

Load on shackle bolt

WLL x factor = Lifting capacity


Best practiceShacklesmustbecertified,CE-markedandapproved,•i.e.bemarkedwiththedesignatedcolourcodeoftheyear(preferablybyusingcolouredtiewraps).Shacklesmustbeequippedwithtwobarriers:nutand•cotterpinShacklesmustonlybeusedfortheirintendedpur-•poseandmannerTheusermustbefamiliarwiththeapplicablelimita-•tionsandguidelinesforuseShacklesaredesignedtosupporttheloadatthebot-•tomofthehollowtorusandevenlyacrosstheshacklebolt•Ifshacklesareexposedtoloadsinotherplaces,thismustbetakenintoaccountduringuseasitwillreducecapacityPointloadsontheshackleboltshouldbekepttoa•minimumasitwillreducecapacityOnshackleswithacapacityofmorethan8.5t,or•havelargeopenings,thereductionfactorshownatthebottomofthefiguremaybeusedtopreventdeforma-tionoftheshacklebolt.

references: norsoK r-cr-002, norsoK r-003, and norsoK r-005


correct use of eye bolts /eye nuts

Before use of grade 80 eye bolts, see designated lifting table

45°

45°

stated WLL

right Wrong

Figure showing correctly and incorrectly installed eye bolts. note: only grade 80 (or better) eye bolts shall be used offshore.


Best practiceEyebolts/eyenutsmustbecertified,CE-markedand•approved,i.e.bemarkedwiththedesignatedcolourcodeoftheyear(preferablybyusingcolouredtiewraps)Eyebolts/nutsmustonlybeusedfortheirintended•purposeandmannerTheusermustbefamiliarwiththeapplicablelimita-•tionsandguidelinesforuseEyebolts/nutsforuseoffshoreshallbeatleast•grade80Eyebolts/nutsforuseonshoreshouldbeatleastgrade80Grade80eyebolts/nutsarelabelledwiththepermit-•tedloadintheleastadvantageousdirection,i.e.90degreesonthefasteningboltEyebolts/nutsmustbeadequatelytightenedprior•touseManufacturerinstalledeyebolts/nutsarenormally•appropriateforuseduringinstallation/removaloftheunitstheyareinstalledon,e.g.gearboxes,pumps,motorsandvalvesEyebolts/nutsmustberemovedafteruse,andthe•threadsintheequipmentonwhichtheyhavebeenusedmustbepreservedbyforexample;greaseandaplasticplug.

references: norsoK r-cr-002, norsoK s-002, norsoK r-003 and

norsoK r-005


racks and storage


Thedesignofracksforstorageofmaterialandequipmentisoftennotappropriatetoensuresafestorage.

Best practiceEnsurethattemporarystorageinmodulesisper-•mittedinacontrolledmannerwithrespecttotypeofgoods,duration,storageareaandhousekeepingStoragemustnotobstructaccessibilityorevacuation•ofthemoduleEnsurethatthestoredmaterialsdonotobstruct•accesstoemergencyequipmentStorageracksandstorageareasmustbedesigned•toensurethatequipmentcannotaccidentallydroptolowerlevelsTheheaviestequipmentshouldbestoredlowest•Onmobileunits,temporarystoragespace/racks•mustbeseafastenedandshelvesshallbeequippedwithbaffleplates.

references: norsoK s-001 and norsoK s-002


Unnecessary equipment

at height


Obsoleteequipmentisoftenfoundatheight.Thisequipmentisoftenexcludedfromestablishedinspectionandmaintenanceprocedures,andintroducesaconsiderableriskpotential.

Best practiceItismandatoryonregularbasistoevaluatewhat•equipmentisrequiredorshouldberemoved.Theassessmentshouldestablishwhetherequipment•shouldberelocatedtoreducetheriskofcollisionwithmobileequipmentInspectionandmaintenanceproceduresshouldbe•revisedregularly,toensureinspectionandmainte-nanceofallequipmentinstalledatheight.

Finalchecksmustbecarriedoutconsistentlytoensurethatnoequipment/materialsareforgottenatheight.

references: sfs recommendation 01/2001 and sfs recommendation

024/2008


securing of parts, equipment and material during work at height


Thepotentialfordroppedobjectsduringrepairandinstallationworkatheightissevereandisreflectedinasignificantproportionofreportedincidents.

Best practiceAllrepairandmaintenanceworkatheightmustbe•riskassessedAllparts,equipmentandmaterialusedatheightmust•besecuredagainstdropSmallpartsmustbestoredinsuitablestorage•containersorsimilarInlimitedareas,forexamplethederrick,flareboom•andcranes,toolsusedatheightmustbeloggedoutandintoensurethatnothingisleftbehind.Whentheworkiscomplete,afinalcheckmustbe•carriedout,toensurethatnomaterialorequipmenthavebeenleftatheight.



post inspection/final check of the work site


Alwayskeepyourworksitetidy.

Best practiceTools,equipmentandmaterialmustbesecured•inasafelocation,attheendofeachshiftWhentheworkisfinished,afinalcheckand•inventorycountmustbecarriedouttoensurethatnotools,equipmentormaterialisnotleftbehindatheightTheworksitemustbeleftinatidyandcleanstate,•andalltools,equipmentandmaterialmustbereturnedtotheirdesignatedstorageplace.



observation techniqueInordertoidentifyPotentiallyDroppedObjects(DO),itisimportanttobetrainedinDOobservationtechniques,suchasDROPSorsimilar.Thetrainingmustincludemethodsforreliablesecuringofequipment.

Best practiceinspection:Ampletime•Limitsizeofthearea•Concentrateonasmallnumberofcategories•andinspectinastructuredwaytomaintainanoverviewLimitnumberofpersonnelineacharea,•tokeepanoverviewFindingsnotinconformitywiththeestablished•standardorchecklistarephotographed,givenanaccuratedescriptionandsitereferenceInspection,identificationandcategorizationof•findingsarethefirststepsinminimizingthepotentialfordroppedobjectsFollow-upandcorrectionoffindingsaredecisive•factorsinpreventingdroppedobjects



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