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Approved for distribution and use by the National Johne’s Working Group

a subcommittee of the Johne’s Committee of the United States Animal Health Association

For explanation and/or instructions on how to complete this document, refer to the Instruction Handbook entitled, “How to Do Risk Assessments and Management Plans for Johne’s Disease”.

Acknowledgements This handbook is an evolution from previous editions of the “Johne’s Disease Planning for Prevention and Control for Dairy Herds – Manual for Veterinarians” that was used to complete risk assessments and develop management plans to prevent or control Johne’s disease in cattle herds for the Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Control Program. The First Edition was designed and edited by: C. A. Rossiter Burhans, Poulin Grain Inc., Newport, Vermont D. Hansen, Oregon State University L. J. Hutchinson, The Pennsylvania State University R. H. Whitlock, University of Pennsylvania The Second Edition was designed and edited by: C. A. Rossiter Burhans, Poulin Grain Inc., Newport, Vermont D. Hansen, Oregon State University S. Wells, University of Minnesota NAHMS Staff, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health Previous editions were reviewed and approved for distribution by the National Johne’s Working Group, a subcommittee of the Johne’s Committee of the United States Animal Health Association.

This Third Edition was designed, edited and reviewed by members of the USAHA Risk Assessment, Herd Management and Education Standards Task Force for the Voluntary Bovine Johne's Control Program. They were appointed by the Co-Chairs of the NJWG a subcommittee of the USAHA Johne’s Committee. Don Hansen, CVM, Oregon State University (Chair) Members listed in alphabetical order Christine Rossiter Burhans, Poulin Grain Inc., Newport, Vermont Michael Carter, National JD Program Coordinator, USDA, APHIS, VS Michael Dalrymple, USDA, APHIS, VS, CEAH Karen Jordan, Private Practice, Silver City, North Carolina Pepi Leids, Field Veterinarian, NYS Division Animal Industry, New York Brian McCluskey, USDA, APHIS, VS, CEAH Brad Peterson, District Veterinarian Board of Agriculture, Minnesota Allen Roussel, CVM, Texas A & M University

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Current Herd Health Status and Concerns (Filling out this page is optional) Collecting this information will provide information that is important to consider when implementing the elements of the Johne’s disease prevention or control plan. This format is designed to show the farm’s performance-limiting health issues and the level of concern that the owner has for them. Many of the health and production problems brought to light by information on this page may be already addressed by the owner. The final Johne’s management plan should blend in with these current performance-limiting health issues and concerns. Fill in requested information, circle choice or specify the incidence (or level of concern for problem) by checking your choice (U, 1, 2 or 3) in the box next to listed disease. U= unknown incidence or problem 2= Moderate incidence, may be need attention 1= OK, low incidence, not a current problem 3= Significant incidence, unsatisfactory, needs attention Calf Feeding Practices Avg. hrs. to 1st colostrum Amount 1st colostrum fed Colostrum source (Individual / Pooled) Total no. colostrum feedings Feed unpasteurized milk, pasteurized milk, milk replacer

Heifer Disease Incidence or Level of Concern Heifer growth (poor / good) Age at freshening (months) Breeding programPneumonia U 1 2 3Digital dermatitis U 1 2 3Coccidiosis U 1 2 3 Milk Quality and Udder Health Bulk tank SCC Bacteria count / SPC Number mastitis cases per month Recent culture and sensitivity results Reproduction Program Heat detection rate Conception rate Pregnancy rate Herd average DIM Abortions / yr (% herd) Embryonic loss Method of insemination

Lameness incidence or level of concern % of cows with obvious lameness Foot trimming schedule Digital dermatitis U 1 2 3Laminitis U 1 2 3Abscesses U 1 2 3Foot Rot U 1 2 3Other U 1 2 3 Infectious Dis. Incidence Johne’s U 1 2 3Salmonellosis U 1 2 3Neosporosis U 1 2 3BVD U 1 2 3Respiratory disease U 1 2 3BLV U 1 2 3Clostridial disease U 1 2 3Leptospirosis U 1 2 3Other U 1 2 3

Calf Disease Incidence or Level of Concern Pre-wean mortality (Last 12 mos.) Calf vigor Calf growth Protocol for keeping feed and feeding equipment sanitary Scours U 1 2 3Pneumonia U 1 2 3Other U 1 2 3

Metabolic Dis. Incidence (fresh cows last 6 mo) Milk fever U 1 2 3Retained placentas U 1 2 3Ketosis U 1 2 3Mastitis U 1 2 3Metritis U 1 2 3DAs U 1 2 3Acidosis U 1 2 3Stillborn / dystocia cases U 1 2 3Other U 1 2 3 Culling Incidence Cull Rate % last 6 months < 60 DIM U 1 2 3Deaths U 1 2 3Mastitis U 1 2 3Reproduction U 1 2 3Lameness U 1 2 3Low production U 1 2 3Other U 1 2 3

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Herd information, owner goals and biosecurity issues Farm owner (or herd code) _____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Herd Veterinarian__________________________________________________________ Phone______________

General Herd Information Key farm management (decision-makers, key employees)

Dairy Herd inventory: Lactating cows/heifers ______ Dry cows ______ Total cows ______ Bred heifers ______ Growing heifers ______ Bulls ______ Total head ______

In addition to dairy cattle, what other animals do you raise?

Owner Goals and Some Biosecurity Questions

Do you plan to be dairy farming in 5 years? Describe short and long-term owner goals or priorities for the farm. Some examples to consider are herd size, animal health and performance, facilities, business/employee management, family goals, environmental issues, markets, milk quality, beef quality or other.

Short-term (this year) Long-term (3-5 years)

Current milk/cow/day or year (lbs.) Milk/cow/day or year goal (lbs.) Current % BF % BF goal Current % Protein % Protein goal What are your top five overall concerns for your operation?

What herd health improvements you are making or plan to make?

What management concerns and/or facilities issues you are addressing or plan to address?

List how you obtain replacements (e.g., home raised, dealer, market, single dairy, etc.)

List planned changes for obtaining replacements

If replacements are born at farm and raised elsewhere, describe how their biosecurity is maintained.

List how you obtain herd additions (e.g., home raised, dealer, market, single dairy, etc.)

What health prerequisites do you require for herd additions?

How are cows identified? How are calves id'ed as theirs? Outline vaccination routine for cows

Outline vaccination routine for bred heifers

Outline vaccination routine for young stock

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Herd Risk Assessment, history and prevalence of Johne’s Disease How long has the herd been here?__________________________

How was it assembled? __________________________________________________________

What percent of the current herd was born on the premises? __________ % purchased? ________

What percent of the herd was born here, but raised elsewhere? _______________

Were those animals commingled with animals from other farms? Yes No

When was the 1st clinical case of JD diagnosed or suspected (year)? ____________________

What was age and source (home raised or purchased) of 1st case? ___________________________

What was the youngest case (age, date, source)? ______________________________________ List clinical cases beginning with the most recent (use another sheet if needed)

ID Date Approx. age Farm raised or from outside Offspring ID still in herd

Record information from the last 12 months Information Category 1st lact 2nd lact 3+ lact Total % of herd Clinical Johne’s cases (e.g., chronic diarrhea or wt. loss) Cattle culled last 12 mo. (any reason) Johne’s cases as % of cows culled Number animals with positive fecal culture Number animals with positive ELISA results

Introduction of new cattle Group No. last 12 mo. JD status of seller herd

(Test-negative, unknown, etc.) No. 2 - 5 yrs ago JD status of seller herd

(Test-negative, unknown, etc.) Cows Heifers Others Total

Estimate the prevalence of Johne’s disease in the herd

[ Low Moderate High ]

Place an X on line above where you estimate herd prevalence might be.

Consider number, age and timeframe of clinical cases for estimating prevalence of Johne’s in the herd. You may also use information from boxes below to help estimate herd prevalence.

Low Moderate High No or rare clinical cases Clinical only in purchased animals ~< 5% test prevalence mostly in older animals Excellent management and sanitation2= Moderate incidence, may be a concern

Few clinical cases in home-reared animals Recent history of 2-5% clinicals/year ~6-19% test prevalence mixed group Management allowed for some contact of weaned young stock with manure or older animals

Frequent in home-reared animals Increasing clinical cases Decreasing age of clinicals ~> 20% test prevalence mixed group Severe risks exist for contact of young stock with manure of mature animals

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Risk Assessment Scores (based on visual observation of each environment and owner responses) Estimate the risk for fecal/oral and colostrum/milk disease spread, or gap in farm’s biosecurity, for each management practice. Follow the logical order. Observe Proper Biosecurity! Note how current management conditions differ from past. Ideally producer & veterinarian score risks independently. Then compare & discuss relative importance in development of management plan. See Step 4 in the ‘How to Do’ instructional handbook, pages 2 -5 for guidelines to completing area risk assessments.

Estimate th

Notes / Current vs. Past

Estimate th

A. Calving Area Risk Factors (Place an X in the box to the right of the management practice that most closely signifies the risk for that item.) 0. 1 V

. Low

2. L

ow

3. 4.

5 M

oder

ate

6.

7. 8. H

igh

9. 10. V

. Hig

h

1. Multiple use [Single pen → Dense crowded group]

2. Manure p risk for calf ingestion [Clean dry → Dirty wet

3. Area a for sick cows [Never → Always]

4. Presen clinicals / suspects [Never → Always]

5. Manure udders / legs [Never → Always]

6. Calves other cow areas [Never → Always]

7. Time c y with dam [24 hours]

8. Calves Maximum s

B. Pre-W

1. Fed poo2. Fed col3. Fed unp4. Possible utensils5. Possible traffic sp6. Direct c pen by

Maximum S

animal build-u

lso usedce of JD soiled

born in alves sta

e risk for spreading Johne’s in pre-weaned calves:

e risk for spreading Johne’s in the calving area:

nurse dam [Never → Most or all]

core = 80. Your herd score is ______. Consider t

eaned Heifer Risk Factors

led colostrum [Never or JD negative → High risk cows] ostrum from individual cow to several calves [As 1. asteurized pooled milk [JD negative cows → High risk c manure contamination of colostrum or milk:at ha

, traffic or people [None any source → Frequent many so manure contamination of calf feed or water: by clatter, equipment or people [As 4. above]

ow contact or potential manure contamination of ccows, traffic splatter, equipment or people [As 4. ab

core is 60. Your herd score is ________. Conside

]

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Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

Notes / Current vs. Past

Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

he impact of JD prevalence on ability to reduce risks.

0.

1. V

. Low

2. L

ow

3.

4.

5. M

od.

6.

7.

8. H

igh

9.

10. V

. Hig

h

above]

ows]

rvest, urces]

ows,

alf ove]

r the impact of JD prevalence on ability to reduce risks.

Notes / Current vs. PastC. Post-Weaned Heifer Risk Factors 0. 1. V

2.

3.

4. M

od.

5.

6.

7. V

1. Direct cow contact or pen contamination with cows’ manure [None → Always]

2. Possible manure contamination of feed: refused cow ration, stored feed, equipment, cows, traffic splatter, people or runoff [Never → Frequently]

3. Potential for contamination of supplied or natural water: shared with cows, traffic splatter, runoff or people [Never → Frequently]

4. Share pasture with cows [Never → Frequently] 5. Manure spread on forage and fed eason [Never → Frequently]

Maximum Score is 35. Your herd sco ____. Consider the impact of JD prevalence on ability to reduce risks. Estimate the risk for spreading Johne t weaned heifers: Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

D. Bred Heifer Risk Factors

0.

1. V

Low

2.

3. M

od

4.

5. V

Hig

h

Notes / Current vs. Past

1. Direct cow contact or pen contam[None → Always]

2. Possible manure contamination o equipment, cows, traffic splatter, p3. Possible manure contamination o cows, traffic splatter, runoff or peo4. Share pasture with cows [Never →5. Manure spread on forage and fed

Maximum Score is 25. Your herd scoEstimate the risk for spreading Johne

same s

re is ___’s in pos

ination with cows' manure.

f feed: refused cow ration, stored feed, eople or runoff. [Never → Frequently]

f water sources: shared with cows, by ple. [Never → Frequently]

Frequently] same season. [Never → Frequently]

re is_______. Consider the impact of JD prevalence on ability to reduce risks. ’s in bred heifers: Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

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E. Cow and Bull Risk Factors

0.

1. L

ow

2.

3 4. H

igh

1. Possible manure contamination of feed: when fed or stored, by equipment, traffic splatter, runoff or people [Never → Frequently]

2. Possible manure contamination of water: by cows, traffic splatter, runoff or people [Never → Frequently]

3. Direct access to accumulated or stored manure [Never → Frequently]

4. Manure spread on forage and fed the same season [Never → Frequently]

Notes / Current vs. Past

imum Score is 16. Your herd s ____. Consider the impact of JD prevalence on ability to reduce risks. ate the risk for spreading Joh ong cows: Low Moderate High

Sources of Additions anet additions or replacements from low risk herds, Level 1 orrom single source non-tested

4. Multiple sources non-tested or (Circle the square in each row that Maximum Score allowed is 60 (If scEstimate the risk from herd addition Risk Assessment Summary

Completing this Table is optional.

However, calculating the herd scores for each area as a percent of the area’s maximum score and as a percent of the herd’s total score will highlight the top risk areas to address in the farm plan.

core is _ne’s am

Number of Animals d Replacements None 1-5 6-12 13-20 21-50 >50rom Level 2-4 Status Herd 0 2 4 6 8 pre-tested herds 10 11 12 13 14 or non-program herds 20 22 23 26 28

Comments

MaxEstim

F. 1. G2. F3. F

non-program herds or markets 30 34 36 38 40reflects management in the past 12 months. Include E.T. recipients and bulls))

ore is >60 place 60 in space). Your herd score is_______. Consider the impact of JD prevalence on ability to reduce risks. s/replacements: Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

Risk Factor Areas Maximum Score

Your Herd Score

Each Area Herd Score / Each Area Max Score (%)

Each Area Herd Score / Your Total Herd Score (%)

Calving area 80

Pre-weaned heifers 60

Post-Weaned heifers 35

Bred heifers 25

Cows and bulls 16

Additions/Replacements 60

Total 276

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List the risk factors of most importance identified by assessment Building the elements of the testing strategy for Johne’s management plan. See Step 5 in the ‘How to Do’ handbook, page 8, for guidelines. 1. What is the testing scheme expected to accomplish and how will it help reach plan objectives?

2. What test (s) will be used? 3. Who will be tested? 4. When? 5. What decision (s) will be made on results? Consider higher vs. lower risk ‘test-positive’ cattle.

Assembling the Johne’s Disease Management Plan See Step 6, pages 8 – 10, in the ‘How to Do’ handbook for guidelines. Issues to integrate include: 1. The owner’s Johne’s management plan objectives (e.g., find out if JD is present, eliminate the infection

from herd, prevent introduction into herd, establish official test-negative or low risk status). 2. List planned management changes for each area or management group brought to light by the risk

assessment. If there are no changes planned for a specific area or group, simply list current herd management procedures.

3. Be certain to coordinate Johne’s management procedures in this plan with other health / management objectives already in place. It may serve as an incentive for owners with low risk herds thinking of seeking official status. Especially note where these other objectives and health concerns will benefit from the Johne’s management efforts that are outlined in the plan, (e.g., lower calf mortality or morbidity, healthier fresh cows, etc.). See Step 7, pages 10 and 11, in the ‘How to Do’ handbook for guidelines.

4. Before signing off on this management plan, be certain the overall strategy is comprehensive and effective enough to meet management goals. The plan should take current JD prevalence estimate into account for setting realistic goals. Proposed actions should be practical and feasible to implement and they may be applied in phases. Procedures should integrate with available resources and other farm management priorities. See Step 8, page 12, in the ‘How to Do’ handbook.

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Johne’s Management Plan What are the objectives of the herd plan? Determine status of herd Prevent JD introduction into herd Prevent further spread

Establish test negative status Reduce the infection in herd Other

Management practice to reduce identified risks for Johne’s disease in this herd

How does practice benefit and/or integrate with existing health / management objectives

Priority Lo, M, or Hi

Person(s) in charge

Testing strategy

Name of Johne’s certified veterinarian or animal health official that completed risk assessment and herd plan____________________________ Signature __________________________________________________________________ Phone Number___________________________

8

Record information from the last 12 monthsList the risk factors of most importance identified by assesBuilding the elements of the testing strategy for Johne’s ma

Vet-DairyProducersCROPTEST.pdfRecord information from the last 12 monthsList the risk factors of most importance identified by assesBuilding the elements of the testing strategy for Johne’s ma

Vet-DairyProducersWORK.pdfRecord information from the last 12 monthsList the risk factors of most importance identified by assesBuilding the elements of the testing strategy for Johne’s ma

Vet-DairyProducersCROPTEST.pdfRecord information from the last 12 monthsList the risk factors of most importance identified by assesBuilding the elements of the testing strategy for Johne’s ma

Vet-DairyProducersWORK.pdfRecord information from the last 12 monthsList the risk factors of most importance identified by assesBuilding the elements of the testing strategy for Johne’s ma

Vet-DairyProducersCROPTEST.pdfRecord information from the last 12 monthsList the risk factors of most importance identified by assesBuilding the elements of the testing strategy for Johne’s ma

Obj1: OffObj2: OffObj3: OffObj6: OffObj5: OffObj4: OffMP1: Bene1: Prior1: [L]InCharge1: MP2: Bene2: Prior2: [L]InCharge2: MP3: Bene3: Prior3: [L]InCharge3: MP4: Bene4: Prior4: [L]InCharge4: MP5: Bene5: Prior5: [L]InCharge5: MP6: Bene6: Prior6: [L]InCharge6: MP7: Bene7: Prior7: [L]InCharge7: TestStrategy: Planner: PlanPhone: MostImp: Accomplish: TestsUsed: TestSubjects: TestTiming: Decision: NotesCalving: CalvingRisk: OffB1: OffB2: OffB3: OffB4: OffB5: OffB6: OffPreWeanRisk: OffA1: OffA2: OffA3: OffA4: OffA5: OffA6: OffA7: OffA8: OffC1: OffC2: OffC3: OffC4: OffC5: OffPostWeanRisk: OffNotesPreWean: NotesPostWean: NotesBred: BredRisk: OffD1: OffD2: OffD3: OffD4: OffD5: OffCowBullRisk: OffNotesBull: E1: 4E2: OffE3: OffE4: Off1: 02: 114: Off3: 24NotesAdd: AdditionRisk: OffHowLong: HowAssembled: BornHere: Purch: Elsewhere: Yes: OffNo: OffJDYear: JDAge: JDYoung: Case1-ID: Case2-ID: Case3-ID: Case4-ID: Case1Date: Case2Date: Case3Date: Case4Date: Case1Age: Case2Age: Case3Age: Case4Age: Case1Source: Case2Source: Case3Source: Case4Source: Case1Off: Case2Off: Case3Off: Case4Off: Clinical1: Cull1: Cases1: ELISA1: Fecal1: Clinical2: Cull2: Cases2: ELISA2: Fecal2: Clinical3: Cull3: Cases3: ELISA3: Fecal3: ClinicalTtl: CullTtl: CasesTtl: ELISATtl: FecalTtl: ClinicalPct: CullPct: CasesPct: ELISAPct: FecalPct: NewCows: NewHeifers: NewBulls: TtlNewCattle: 0TtlJDStatus: JD-bulls: JD-heifers: JD-cows: OldCows: OldHeifers: OldBulls: TtlOldCattle: 0JD-oldcows: JD-oldheifers: JD-oldbulls: TtlJDStatus2: Prev: OffScours: OffCalfGrowth: [S]BreedProg: [S]HeiferGr: [G]Mortality: Colostrum: ColSource: [I]CalfVigor: [S]FeedType: [M]NoFeedings: Protocol: Pneumonia: OffOther: OffPneumoniaH: OffDermatitis: OffCoccidosis: OffFresh: SCC: SPC: NoMastitis: Culture: ConcepRate: PregRate: AvgDIM: Abortions: EmbrLoss: InMethod: ColostrumFed: PctLame: TrimSched: DermL: OffLaminitis: OffAbcesses: OffFootRot: OffOtherL: OffJD: OffSal: OffNeo: OffBVD: OffRes: OffBLV: OffClos: OffLep: OffOtherD: OffMilkFever: OffPlac: OffKet: OffMas: OffMet: OffDA: OffAcid: OffDystocia: OffOtherM: OffDIM: OffDeaths: OffMast: OffRep: OffLameness: OffLowProd: OffOtherCull: OffDetectRate: CullRate: TotalF: 35CalvingScore: 0ReplaceScore: 35TotalHerd: 39TotalRiskPct: 0.17256637168141592ReplRiskPct: 0.5833333333333334BullRiskPct: 0.25YearlingRiskPct: 0PostWeanRiskPct: 0PreWeanRiskPct: 0CalvingRiskPct: 0CalvingHerdRisk: 0PreWeanHerdRisk: 0PostWeanHerdRisk: 0YearHerdRisk: 0BullHerdRisk: 0.10256410256410256ReplHerdRisk: 0.8974358974358975TotalHerdRisk: 1ResetForm: Owner: HerdVet: Date: OwnerPhone: BredHeifer: LacCows: FarmMgmt: GroHeifers: DryCows: Bulls: Total: 0TotalHead: 0FiveYrs: LongTerm: ShortTerm: Top5: HealthConcerns: MgmtConcerns: Replace: ReplaceChanges: BioSec: Additions: HealthPrereq: CowID: CalfID: VaccCow: VaccHeif: VaccCalf: CurLbs: CurBF: CurPro: GoalPro: GoalBF: GoalLbs: OtherAnim: BullScore: 4HeiferScore: 0YearScore: 0NursingScore: 0