Handbook of Adhesion Technology

Lucas F. M. da Silva • Andreas ÖchsnerRobert D. AdamsEditors

Handbook of AdhesionTechnology

Second Edition

With 919 Figures and 106 Tables

EditorsLucas F. M. da SilvaDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoPorto, Portugal

Andreas ÖchsnerFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringEsslingen University of Applied SciencesEsslingen, Germany

Robert D. AdamsDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of BristolBristol, UK

Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxford, UK

ISBN 978-3-319-55410-5 ISBN 978-3-319-55411-2 (eBook)ISBN 978-3-319-55412-9 (print and electronic bundle)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55411-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018940005

1st edition: # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011# Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of thematerial is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informationstorage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodologynow known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this bookare believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or theeditors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errorsor omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claimsin published maps and institutional affiliations.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part ofSpringer Nature.The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Second Edition Preface

The first edition of Handbook of Adhesion Technology has been very well acceptedby the adhesion community with over 25,000 downloads per year. This was the mainmotivation for the preparation of this 2nd edition. Also, there has been a generalincrease of the scientific and industrial community in this technology, which justifiesan update. There are more papers published every year, there are new journals relatedto the field, there are more national and international conferences, and there are moreapplications. A revolution is currently taking place in the transport industry wherefuel is being replaced by electric power. This change means that lighter structuresneed to be manufactured with the use of light materials and more efficient joiningmethods such as adhesive bonding. But, the use of adhesive bonding is not limited tothe transport industry, and there are several other applications described in thishandbook such as the use of adhesives in medicine.

This 2nd edition of Handbook of Adhesion Technology is a complete revision ofthe 1st edition with an update of the methods that have been investigated recently,which are now fully accepted by the adhesion community. Themes that are nowincluded in more detail include, for example, hybrid adhesives used for automotiveapplications, ecofriendly surface treatments, damage mechanics, joint durabilityprediction, functionally graded joints, adhesive selection for space applications,and, lastly, trends in bioadhesion. There is also a new chapter related to theapplication of adhesives in the oil industry. Besides these content changes, therehas been a complete revision of all chapters in terms of text, figures, tables, andreferences for a more didactic character of this reference book.

The editors would like to thank the authors for their patience with the preparationof this handbook. Finally, the editors especially thank Dr. Christoph Baumann,Ms. Tina Shelton, and Ms. Monika Garg, Springer editors, who helped enormouslytoward the success of this handbook.

Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoPorto, Portugal

Lucas F. M. da Silva

v

Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringEsslingen University of Applied SciencesGermany

Andreas Öchsner

Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of BristolBristol, UK

Robert D. Adams

Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxford, UK

vi Second Edition Preface

First Edition Preface

Adhesives have been used for thousands of years, but until 100 years ago, the vastmajority was from natural products such as bones, skins, fish, milk, and plants. Sinceabout 1900, adhesives based on synthetic polymers have been introduced, and today,there are many industrial uses of adhesives and sealants. It is difficult to imagine aproduct—in the home, in industry, in transportation, or anywhere else for thatmatter—that does not use adhesives or sealants in some manner.

Adhesion technology is nowadays a common approach to many joining situa-tions. There are many books and several international journals dealing with thissubject. However, when the end-user needs to apply this technology, he does nothave the time or the resources to thoroughly study the various technologies related toadhesives and sealants. It is not practical to go through volumes of text and productinformation looking for the specific methods or processes to apply. However, suchinformation should be close-by if the need arises. The Handbook of AdhesionTechnology is intended to fill a gap between the necessarily simplified treatment ofthe student textbook and the full and thorough treatment of the research monographand review article. The subject is treated very comprehensively and with the most upto date information so that the end-user has in a single book a proper guidance andfundamental knowledge required for many adhesive bonding or sealing applications.

The Handbook of Adhesion Technology is intended to be a book of reference inthe field of adhesion. Essential information is provided for all those concerned withthe adhesion phenomenon. Adhesion is a phenomenon of interest in diverse scien-tific disciplines and of importance in a wide range of technologies. Therefore, thishandbook includes the background science (physics, chemistry, and materials sci-ence), engineering aspects of adhesion, and industry specific applications. It isarranged in a user-friendly format with ten main sections: theory of adhesion, surfacetreatments, adhesive and sealant materials, testing of adhesive properties, jointdesign, durability, manufacture, quality control, applications, and emerging areas.The sections contain each about five chapters written by internationally renownedauthors who are authorities in their fields.

This Handbook is intended to be a reference for people needing a quick, butauthoritative, description of topics in the field of adhesion and the use of adhesivesand sealants. It is intended for scientists and engineers of many different back-grounds who need to have an understanding of various aspects of adhesion

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technology. These will include those working in research or design, as well as othersinvolved with marketing services. It is expected to be a valuable resource for bothundergraduate and research students.

The editors would like to thank the authors for their patience with the preparationof this Handbook. Finally, the editors especially thank Christoph Baumann and TinaShelton, Springer editors, who helped enormously toward the success of thisHandbook.

Lucas F. M. da SilvaPorto, PortugalAndreas ÖchsnerSkudai, Johor, MalaysiaRobert D. AdamsOxford, UK

viii First Edition Preface

Contents

Volume 1

1 Introduction to Adhesive Bonding Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Lucas F. M. da Silva, Andreas Öchsner, and Robert D. Adams

Part I Theory of Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Theories of Fundamental Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11David E. Packham

3 Forces Involved in Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Maurice Brogly

4 Wetting of Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Martin E. R. Shanahan and Wulff Possart

5 Spreading of Liquids on Substrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Günter Reiter

6 Thermodynamics of Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Wulff Possart and Martin E. R. Shanahan

Part II Surface Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

7 General Introduction to Surface Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Gary Critchlow

8 Surface Treatments of Selected Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Guy D. Davis

9 Surface Characterization and Its Role in Adhesion Science andTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197John F. Watts

ix

10 Use of Surface Analysis Methods to Probe the InterfacialChemistry of Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227John F. Watts

11 Organosilanes: Adhesion Promoters and Primers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Marie-Laure Abel

Part III Adhesive and Sealant Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

12 Classification of Adhesive and Sealant Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Erol Sancaktar

13 Composition of Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Hyun-Joong Kim, Dong-Hyuk Lim, Hyeon-Deuk Hwang, andByoung-Ho Lee

14 Adhesive Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345Eric Papon

15 Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Charles W. Paul and Eric Silverberg

16 Selection of Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409Ewen J. C. Kellar

Part IV Testing of Adhesive Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

17 Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433David A. Dillard

18 Thermal Properties of Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459John Comyn

19 Failure Strength Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489Lucas F. M. da Silva, Ricardo J. C. Carbas, and Mariana D. Banea

20 Fracture Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Bamber R. K. Blackman

21 Impact Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555Luca Goglio

22 Special Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593David A. Dillard and Tetsuo Yamaguchi

Part V Joint Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

23 Constitutive Adhesive and Sealant Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Erol Sancaktar

x Contents

24 Analytical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665Liyong Tong and Quantian Luo

25 Numerical Approach: Finite Element Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701Ian A. Ashcroft and Aamir Mubashar

26 Special Numerical Techniques to Joint Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741Andreas Öchsner

27 Design Rules and Methods to Improve Joint Strength . . . . . . . . . . 773Lucas F. M. da Silva, Eduardo A. S. Marques, andRaul D. S. G. Campilho

28 Design with Sealants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811Gregory L. Anderson

29 Design for Impact Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829Chiaki Sato

30 Vibration Damping of Adhesively Bonded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Robert D. Adams, Duncan G. A. Cooper, and Stuart Pearson

Volume 2

Part VI Durability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877

31 Effect of Water and Mechanical Stress on Durability . . . . . . . . . . 879Ian A. Ashcroft, John Comyn, and Aamir Mubashar

32 Adhesives in Space Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915Sabine Dagras, Julien Eck, Claire Tonon, and Denis Lavielle

33 Fatigue Load Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941Ian A. Ashcroft

34 Creep Load Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975Paul Ludwig Geiß and Melanie Schumann

35 Durability of Nonstructural Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009James D. Palmer

Part VII Manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029

36 Storage of Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031Hans K. Engeldinger and Cai R. Lim

37 Preparation for Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051Andreas Lutz

Contents xi

38 Equipment for Adhesive Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091Manfred Peschka

39 Environment and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117Ansgar van Halteren

Part VIII Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127

40 Quality Control of Raw Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129Kazutami Wakabayashi

41 Processing Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1151Kosuke Haraga

42 Nondestructive Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171Robert D. Adams

43 Techniques for Post-fracture Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195Romain Créac’hcadec

Part IX Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233

44 Adhesively Bonded Joints in Aircraft Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235L. John Hart-Smith

45 Aerospace Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1285Christian Désagulier, Patrick Pérés, and Guy Larnac

46 Automotive Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333Klaus Dilger, Bernd Burchardt, and Michael Frauenhofer

47 Adhesive Bonding for Railway Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367Yasuaki Suzuki

48 Marine Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1391Peter Davies

49 Civil Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1419Stefan Böhm, Martin Kahlmeyer, Andreas Winkel, and Ilko Hartung

50 Electrical Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1449Kwang-Seok Kim, Jong-Woong Kim, and Seung-Boo Jung

51 Shoe Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1483José Miguel Martín-Martínez

52 Oil Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1533Silvio de Barros, Luiz C. M. Meniconi, Valber A. Perrut, and Carlos E.Reuther de Siqueira

xii Contents

Part X Emerging Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1557

53 Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Molecular OrbitalMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1559Ya-Pu Zhao, Feng-Chao Wang, and Mei Chi

54 Bioadhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1597Katharina Richter, Ingo Grunwald, and Janek von Byern

55 Biological Fibrillar Adhesives: Functional Principles andBiomimetic Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1641Stanislav N. Gorb and Lars Heepe

56 Adhesives with Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1677Ambrose C. Taylor

57 Adhesive Dentistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703John W. Nicholson

58 Adhesion in Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729Robin A. Chivers

59 Recycling and Environmental Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1751Chiaki Sato

60 Adhesion Technology Recap: Current and Emerging Areas . . . . . 1775Lucas F. M. da Silva, Andreas Öchsner, and Robert D. Adams

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785

Contents xiii

About the Editors

Lucas F. M. da Silva is currently Associate Professorwith Aggregation at the Department of MechanicalEngineering of the Faculty of Engineering of the Uni-versity of Porto and Director of the Integrated Master inMechanical Engineering. He obtained his Ph.D. inbonding of composites from the University of Bristol(UK) in 2004. He leads the Adhesives Group, composedof post-docs, Ph.D. students, and M.Sc. students. He haspublished 206 ISI papers (174 as author and 32 aseditor) and 23 books (9 as author and 14 as editor)mainly on adhesive joint mechanics. His papers werecited 4690 times and correspond to an h-index of37 (SCOPUS, 06/02/2018).

One of his papers obtained the SAGE Best PaperAward 2010 and Donald Julius Groen Prize 2010 (bothawards given by the Institution of Mechanical Engi-neers). He received in 2013 and 2018 the Award ofScientific Excellence by the Faculty of Engineering ofthe University of Porto.

He is editor-in-chief of The Journal of Adhesion,Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications,and University of Porto Journal of Engineering. He isalso co-editor of two Springer book series (AdvancedStructured Materials and Springer Briefs in Engineer-ing: Computational Mechanics). He is member of theeditorial board of International Journal of Adhesion andAdhesives and Journal of Adhesion Science and Tech-nology. He is reviewer of 60 ISI journals.

He organizes international conferences on adhesivebonding (Structural Adhesive Bonding every odd yearand Industrial Applications of Adhesive Bonding everyeven year) and materials (Materials Design and Appli-cations every even year), and founded the Portuguese

xv

Adhesion Society that belongs to European AdhesionSocieties Group (EURADH).

He has seven pending patents. He developed a soft-ware for designing adhesive joints available online( jointdesigner). He is consultant of several internationalcompanies (e.g., Alstom, Nagase Chemtex, JohnDeere).

Andreas Öchsner is Full Professor for lightweightdesign and structural simulation at the Esslingen Uni-versity of Applied Sciences, Germany. Having obtaineda Diploma Degree (Dipl.-Ing.) in Aeronautical Engi-neering at the University of Stuttgart (1997), Germany,he spent the time from 1997 to 2003 at the University ofErlangen-Nuremberg as a research and teaching assis-tant to obtain his Doctor of Engineering Sciences(Dr.-Ing.). From 2003 to 2006, he worked as AssistantProfessor in the Department of Mechanical Engineeringand Head of the Cellular Metals Group affiliated withthe University of Aveiro, Portugal. He spent 7 years(2007–2013) as a Full Professor at the Department ofApplied Mechanics, Technical University of Malaysia,where he was also Head of the Advanced Materials andStructure Lab. From 2014 to 2017, he was a Full Pro-fessor at the School of Engineering, Griffith University,Australia, and Leader of the Mechanical EngineeringProgram (Head of Discipline and Program Director).His research interests are related to experimental andcomputational mechanics, cellular metals and thin struc-tures and interphases. He has published over 450 scien-tific publications, comprising 13 research monographs,23 book chapters, and four teaching books on finiteelement methods. He obtained more than 3000 citationsin Google Scholar. He is the general Chairman of12 international conferences on computational andexperimental engineering (ACE-X series) and 14 inter-national conferences in the area of heat and mass trans-fer (DSL series). His editorial work comprises posts aseditor-in-chief of the international journal ContinuumMechanics and Thermodynamics (Springer), editor-in-chief of the Springer book series on Advanced Struc-tured Materials, and editor of SpringerBriefs in AppliedSciences and Technology: Computational Mechanics.His research activities were recognized in 2010 by the

xvi About the Editors

award of a higher doctorate degree (D.Sc.) by the Uni-versity of Newcastle, Australia.

Robert D. Adams got his first degree, in MechanicalEngineering, from Imperial College, London, in 1962,and his Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1967 andan Sc.D. in 2017. He was awarded a D.Sc. (Eng) fromLondon University in 1986. Most of his academic career(1967–2005) was at Bristol University where he wasmade Full Professor in 1986. He was Head of theDepartment of Mechanical Engineering from 1994 to1998 and Graduate Dean from 1998 to 2004. In 1991, hewas awarded the Visiting Foreign Franqui Chair andMedal at the Free University of Brussels (VUB). He isnow an Emeritus Professor of Applied Mechanics at theUniversity of Bristol and a Visiting Professor at theUniversities of Oxford and Oxford Brookes. He haspublished and edited several books and publishedabout 200 papers in international refereed journals.

In 2011, he was awarded the R.L. Patrick Fellowshipof the US Adhesion Society. He is active in organizingconferences and publishing and was a founder memberof EURADH and WCARP, the main European andWorld series on Adhesion. He has been joint editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Adhesion andAdhesives since 1999. His main research area is onadhesively bonded joints, and he pioneered the applica-tion of finite element analysis for determining thestresses, strains, and strength of such joints. In additionto his adhesives research, he has also worked exten-sively on vibration properties in composites and devel-oped low-velocity impact tests for nondestructivelytesting composites and sandwich structures.

About the Editors xvii

Editorial Board

Robert D. Adams Emeritus Professor of Applied Mechanics, University of Bris-tol, Clifton, Bristol, UK

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Ian A. Ashcroft Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham,UK

Bamber R. K. Blackman Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial Col-lege London, London, UK

John Comyn Materials Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough,Leicestershire, UK

Gary Critchlow Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughbor-ough, Leicestershire, UK

Lucas F. M. da Silva Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engi-neering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Silvio de Barros Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Center of Tech-nological Education in Rio de Janeiro – CEFET/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

David A. Dillard Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, VirginiaPolytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Stanislav N. Gorb Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics,Zoological Institute at the University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Ewen J. C. Kellar The Welding Institute (TWI Ltd.), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire,UK

José M. Martín-Martínez Adhesion and Adhesives Laboratory, University ofAlicante, Alicante, Spain

Eric Papon Laboratoire des Polymères Organiques – UMR CNRS 5629, Univer-sity of Bordeaux, Pessac, France

xix

Wulff Possart Lehrstuhl Adhäsion und Interphasen in Polymeren, Universität desSaarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany

Erol Sancaktar Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, OH,Akron, USA

Chiaki Sato Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Yokohama, Japan

Toshiyuki Sawa University of Hiroshima, Tokyo, Japan

John F. Watts The Surface Analysis Laboratory, University of Surrey, Guildford,Surrey, UK

xx Editorial Board

Contributors

Marie-Laure Abel Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences (A1), Universityof Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK

Robert D. Adams Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol,Bristol, UK

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Gregory L. Anderson R&D Laboratories, Propulsion Systems – Launch SystemsGroup, Orbital ATK, Corinne, UT, USA

Ian A. Ashcroft Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham,UK

Mariana D. Banea CEFET/RJ – Federal Center of Technological Education in Riode Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Bamber R. K. Blackman Department of Mechanical Engineering, ImperialCollege London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK

Stefan Böhm Department for Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes, Uni-versity of Kassel, Institute for Production Technologies and Logistics, Kassel,Germany

Maurice Brogly ENSCMu – LPIM – Equipe Chimie et Physico-Chimie desPolymères, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France

Bernd Burchardt Weiningen Zürich, Switzerland

Raul D. S. G. Campilho Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP),Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal

Ricardo J. C. Carbas Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical andIndustrial Engineering (INEGI), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto,Porto, Portugal

Mei Chi State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute ofMechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Robin A. Chivers York, North Yorkshire, UK

xxi

John Comyn Materials Department, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK

Romain Créac’hcadec ENSTA Bretagne, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme,FRE CNRS 3744, Brest, France

Assemblages Multi-Matériaux, Institut de Recherche Dupuy De Lôme, Brest, France

Duncan G. A. Cooper Department of Mechanical Engineering, University ofBristol, Bristol, UK

Gary Critchlow Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughbor-ough, Leicestershire, UK

Lucas F. M. da Silva Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engi-neering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Sabine Dagras Airbus Defence and Space, Toulouse, France

Peter Davies Materials and Structures Group, Marine Structures Laboratory, BrestCentre, IFREMER, (French Ocean Research Institute), Plouzané, France

Guy D. Davis ElectraWatch, Inc., Linthicum Heights, MD, USA

Silvio de Barros Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Center of Tech-nological Education in Rio de Janeiro – CEFET/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Carlos E. Reuther de Siqueira Department of Offshore Engineering, PetróleoBrasileiro S.A. – PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Christian Désagulier ArianeGroup, Les Mureaux, France

Klaus Dilger Institute of Welding and Joining, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig,Germany

David A. Dillard Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics Department, VirginiaPolytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Julien Eck Airbus Defence and Space, Toulouse, France

Hans K. Engeldinger Product Development HAF Tapes, tesa SE, Norderstedt,Germany

Michael Frauenhofer Audi AG, Ingolstadt, Germany

Paul Ludwig Geiß Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, WorkgroupMaterials and Surface Technologies (AWOK), University of Kaiserslautern, Kai-serslautern, Germany

Luca Goglio Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico diTorino, Torino, Italy

xxii Contributors

Stanislav N. Gorb Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics,Zoological Institute at the University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Ingo Grunwald Department of Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces,Adhesives and Polymer Chemistry, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technol-ogy and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Bremen, Germany

Kosuke Haraga Tapes and Adhesives Department, Electronic Materials Division,Electronic Materials Business Unit, Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

L. John Hart-Smith Boeing Company, Long Beach, CA, USA

Ilko Hartung Dr. Kornder Anlagen- und Messtechnik GmbH & Co. KG,Bergheim, Germany

Lars Heepe Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, ZoologicalInstitute at the University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Hyeon-Deuk Hwang Laboratory of Adhesion & Bio-Composites, Program inEnvironmental Materials Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea

Seung-Boo Jung School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

Martin Kahlmeyer Department for Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes,University of Kassel, Institute for Production Technologies and Logistics, Kassel,Germany

Ewen J. C. Kellar TWI Ltd. (The Welding Institute), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire,UK

Hyun-Joong Kim Laboratory of Adhesion & Bio-Composites, Program in Envi-ronmental Materials Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Jong-Woong Kim School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chonbuk NationalUniversity, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea

Kwang-Seok Kim Carbon & Light Materials Application Group, Korea Institute ofIndustrial Technology, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea

Guy Larnac ArianeGroup, Saint Médard en Jalles, France

Denis Lavielle Airbus Defence and Space, Toulouse, France

Byoung-Ho Lee Laboratory of Adhesion & Bio-Composites, Program in Environ-mental Materials Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Cai R. Lim Research & Development, tesa SE Hamburg, Norderstedt, Germany

Contributors xxiii

Dong-Hyuk Lim Laboratory of Adhesion & Bio-Composites, Program in Envi-ronmental Materials Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Quantian Luo School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering,The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Andreas Lutz Automotive, Dow Europe GmbH, R&D Automotive Systems,Horgen, Switzerland

Eduardo A. S. Marques Instituto de Ciência e Inovação emEngenhariaMecanica eEngenharia Industrial (INEGI), Porto, Portugal

José Miguel Martín-Martínez Adhesion and Adhesives Laboratory, University ofAlicante, Alicante, Spain

Luiz C. M. Meniconi Research and Development Center, CENPES, PetróleoBrasileiro S.A. – PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Aamir Mubashar Mechanical Engineering, Middle Eastern Technical University,Northern Cyprus Campus, Akara, Turkey

John W. Nicholson Bluefield Centre for Biomaterials, London, UK

Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London,London, UK

Andreas Öchsner Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Esslingen University ofApplied Sciences, Esslingen, Germany

David E. Packham Materials Research Centre, University of Bath, Bath, UK

James D. Palmer Staffordshire, UK

Eric Papon Laboratoire des Polymères Organiques – UMR CNRS 5629, Univer-sity of Bordeaux, Pessac, France

Charles W. Paul Henkel Adhesives, Bridgewater, NJ, USA

Stuart Pearson Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol,Bristol, UK

Patrick Pérés ArianeGroup, Saint Médard en Jalles, France

Valber A. Perrut Research and Development Center, CENPES, Petróleo BrasileiroS.A. – PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Manfred Peschka Fraunhofer Institute, Bremen, Germany

Wulff Possart Lehrstuhl Adhäsion und Interphasen in Polymeren, Universität desSaarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany

xxiv Contributors

Günter Reiter Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik,Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Katharina Richter Department of Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces,Adhesives and Polymer Chemistry, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technol-ogy and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Bremen, Germany

Erol Sancaktar Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron,OH, USA

Chiaki Sato Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan

Melanie Schumann Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, WorkgroupMaterials and Surface Technologies (AWOK), University of Kaiserslautern, Kai-serslautern, Germany

Martin E. R. Shanahan Institut de Mécanique et d’Ingénierie-Bordeaux (I2M),CNRS UMR 5295, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France

Eric Silverberg Henkel Adhesives, Bridgewater, NJ, USA

Yasuaki Suzuki Suzuki Adhesion Institute of Technology, Ichinomiya, Aichi,Japan

Ambrose C. Taylor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial CollegeLondon, London, UK

Liyong Tong School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, TheUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Claire Tonon Airbus Defence and Space, Toulouse, France

Ansgar van Halteren Industrieverband Klebstoffe e.V. RWI-Haus, Düsseldorf,Germany

Janek von Byern Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Ludwig BoltzmannInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria

Faculty of Life Science, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research,University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Kazutami Wakabayashi APS Research Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan

Feng-Chao Wang State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Instituteof Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

John F. Watts The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering andPhysical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK

Andreas Winkel Department for Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes,University of Kassel, Institute for Production Technologies and Logistics, Kassel,Germany

Contributors xxv

Tetsuo Yamaguchi Machine Elements and Design Engineering Laboratory,Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Kyushu University,Fukuoka, Japan

Ya-Pu Zhao State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute ofMechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

The original version of this book was revised. Editorial Board was included in the preliminaries.The updated original online version for this book can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55411-2

xxvi Contributors