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Happy Wednesday!!!Happy Wednesday!!!
Take out your progressive packets so I can come around and stamp them
I will be collecting your Progressivism stamp sheet before you take the QUIZ
Did you know: your eyeballs are 3.5% salt
Take out your progressive packets so I can come around and stamp them
I will be collecting your Progressivism stamp sheet before you take the QUIZ
Did you know: your eyeballs are 3.5% salt
Imperialism and WWIImperialism and WWI
Imperialism and the Spanish-American War
Imperialism and the Spanish-American War
American ExpansionAmerican ExpansionBy the 1880s many American leaders had
become convinced that the US should join the imperialist powers of Europe and establish colonies overseas
Imperialism is the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
3 factors fueled American imperialism:Desire for military strengthThirst for new marketsbelief in cultural superiority
By the 1880s many American leaders had become convinced that the US should join the imperialist powers of Europe and establish colonies overseas
Imperialism is the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
3 factors fueled American imperialism:Desire for military strengthThirst for new marketsbelief in cultural superiority
US Acquires Alaska US Acquires Alaska
William Seward, Sec. Of State under Lincoln and Andrew Johnson was a big supporter of imperialism
In 1867, Seward arranged for the US to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 millionSome people thought it was silly and called it
“Seward's icebox” or “Seward's folly”Alaska didn’t become a state until 1959Alaska was rich in timber, minerals and oil
William Seward, Sec. Of State under Lincoln and Andrew Johnson was a big supporter of imperialism
In 1867, Seward arranged for the US to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 millionSome people thought it was silly and called it
“Seward's icebox” or “Seward's folly”Alaska didn’t become a state until 1959Alaska was rich in timber, minerals and oil
HawaiiHawaii
Hawaii was important to the U.S. b/c:location– half way to ChinaU.S. wanted to establish a naval base-
Pearl HarborUS military helped overthrow
Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniAnnexation complete by 1898-
territory NOT A STATE
Hawaii was important to the U.S. b/c:location– half way to ChinaU.S. wanted to establish a naval base-
Pearl HarborUS military helped overthrow
Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniAnnexation complete by 1898-
territory NOT A STATE
Cuba and the Spanish-American War
Cuba and the Spanish-American War Cuba revolted against rule by Spain-
led by Jose MartiYellow Journalism-sensational reporting that
exaggerated the new to enrage readersUsed to make American public sympathize with
Cuba and fight Spain
U.S. declares war on Spain b/c:De Lome Letter- insulted US President
McKinley- angered American publicU.S.S. Maine- US naval ship that exploded
in Havana- 260 sailors killedWas an accident but reporters blamed Spain
Cuba revolted against rule by Spain- led by Jose MartiYellow Journalism-sensational reporting that
exaggerated the new to enrage readersUsed to make American public sympathize with
Cuba and fight Spain
U.S. declares war on Spain b/c:De Lome Letter- insulted US President
McKinley- angered American publicU.S.S. Maine- US naval ship that exploded
in Havana- 260 sailors killedWas an accident but reporters blamed Spain
Spanish-American War-1898
Spanish-American War-1898
U.S. navy defeated Spanish navy in the Philippines
U.S. army defeated Spanish army in CubaSan Juan Hill- US victory that featured a
cavalry charge by Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders”
Treaty of Paris (1899)Cuba received independence from SpainUS got territories in Philippines, Guam, and
Puerto RicoSpain got $20 million from US
Significance: US = major world power
U.S. navy defeated Spanish navy in the Philippines
U.S. army defeated Spanish army in CubaSan Juan Hill- US victory that featured a
cavalry charge by Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders”
Treaty of Paris (1899)Cuba received independence from SpainUS got territories in Philippines, Guam, and
Puerto RicoSpain got $20 million from US
Significance: US = major world power
Back to Cuba…Back to Cuba…
Platt Amendment- US asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairsSignificance: US made Cuba a
“protectorate”- a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power
Platt Amendment- US asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairsSignificance: US made Cuba a
“protectorate”- a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power
Acquiring New Lands-China
Acquiring New Lands-China
China viewed as potential market for US goodsOpen Door Policy (1899)- developed
by Secretary of State John Hay, stated that all nations should have equal trading rights to China- China should be “open” to everyoneGoal was to end “sphere of influence” by
European powers and Japan
China viewed as potential market for US goodsOpen Door Policy (1899)- developed
by Secretary of State John Hay, stated that all nations should have equal trading rights to China- China should be “open” to everyoneGoal was to end “sphere of influence” by
European powers and Japan
Acquiring New Lands- Panama
Acquiring New Lands- PanamaUS (and Pres. Teddy Roosevelt) wanted a
canal across Central AmericaGoal was the shorten the distance, time and cost
between Atlantic and PacificUS encouraged and supported Panama rebellion
against Columbia
Panama Canal- built by US and opened in 1915US paid Panama $10 million for the canal zone,
leased land for $250,000 each year for 99 yearsUS paid Columbia $25 million for lost territory
Sig: Canal was success but hurt US relations with Latin America
US (and Pres. Teddy Roosevelt) wanted a canal across Central AmericaGoal was the shorten the distance, time and cost
between Atlantic and PacificUS encouraged and supported Panama rebellion
against Columbia
Panama Canal- built by US and opened in 1915US paid Panama $10 million for the canal zone,
leased land for $250,000 each year for 99 yearsUS paid Columbia $25 million for lost territory
Sig: Canal was success but hurt US relations with Latin America
Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt“Big Stick Diplomacy”- use diplomacy
when possible but have a strong military to back up your policies if needed- “speak softly and carry a big stick”
Roosevelt Corollary- added to Monroe DoctrineSaid that US would be the police power in
the Western Hemisphere in dealing with Latin American countries
Hurt relations with Latin American countries
“Big Stick Diplomacy”- use diplomacy when possible but have a strong military to back up your policies if needed- “speak softly and carry a big stick”
Roosevelt Corollary- added to Monroe DoctrineSaid that US would be the police power in
the Western Hemisphere in dealing with Latin American countries
Hurt relations with Latin American countries
William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft
“Dollar Diplomacy”- Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin AmericaPromised business interests that the US
would intervene in investments were threatened
Significance: hurt relations between Latin American countries and the US
“Dollar Diplomacy”- Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin AmericaPromised business interests that the US
would intervene in investments were threatened
Significance: hurt relations between Latin American countries and the US
Happy Tuesday!!!Happy Tuesday!!!
You had no homework!!!
Did you know: Giraffes are unable to cough
You had no homework!!!
Did you know: Giraffes are unable to cough
Imperialism and WWIImperialism and WWI
US Involvement in WWIUS Involvement in WWI
Causes of WWI (1914-1918)
Causes of WWI (1914-1918)
MAINMilitarismAlliances
Central Powers ( Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman Empire)
Allies ( England, France, Russia)Imperialism
Nationalism Archduke Franz Ferdinand is
assassinated
MAINMilitarismAlliances
Central Powers ( Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman Empire)
Allies ( England, France, Russia)Imperialism
Nationalism Archduke Franz Ferdinand is
assassinated
War OverviewWar Overview
New WeaponsTanks, planes, poisonous
gases,machine guns…..New tactics
Trench Warfare Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
New WeaponsTanks, planes, poisonous
gases,machine guns…..New tactics
Trench Warfare Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality
For 3 years America, Led by President Woodrow Wilson, remains neutralMany Americans felt close ties to
Great BritainCommon ancestry, languageSimilar forms of gov’tMoney invested in GB was greater than
Germany
For 3 years America, Led by President Woodrow Wilson, remains neutralMany Americans felt close ties to
Great BritainCommon ancestry, languageSimilar forms of gov’tMoney invested in GB was greater than
Germany
Why the US joined the warWhy the US joined the war America wanted to ensure allied repayment of debts Prevent Germany from threatening U.S shipping-
German U Boat warfare Sinking of the Lusitania
May 7,1915 British passenger ship carrying 128 Americans
Zimmermann Note A note from the German foreign minister to Mexico that
proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany If a war broke out Germany would help Mexico recover
lost Mexican territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona
America wanted to ensure allied repayment of debts Prevent Germany from threatening U.S shipping-
German U Boat warfare Sinking of the Lusitania
May 7,1915 British passenger ship carrying 128 Americans
Zimmermann Note A note from the German foreign minister to Mexico that
proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany If a war broke out Germany would help Mexico recover
lost Mexican territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona
Why the US joined the war cont.
Why the US joined the war cont.
April 1917 the US enters the war to:
Make the world safe for democracy Protect American peace and freedom
Significance: US soldiers tipped the balance of the war in favor of the Allies and led to Germany’s defeat
April 1917 the US enters the war to:
Make the world safe for democracy Protect American peace and freedom
Significance: US soldiers tipped the balance of the war in favor of the Allies and led to Germany’s defeat
America MobilizesAmerica Mobilizes1. Selective Service Act- May 1917
Required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service
24 million men registered and 2 million fought in WWI400,000 African Americans fought in segregated unitsWomen were able to serve in the Army of Corps of Nurses
2. Mass ProductionNeeded food, equipment, weapons and especially
transportationThe gov. gave special privileges to shipyard workers
Draft exemptions
1. Selective Service Act- May 1917Required men to register with the government in order to be
randomly selected for military service24 million men registered and 2 million fought in WWI400,000 African Americans fought in segregated unitsWomen were able to serve in the Army of Corps of Nurses
2. Mass ProductionNeeded food, equipment, weapons and especially
transportationThe gov. gave special privileges to shipyard workers
Draft exemptions
America Mobilizes cont.America Mobilizes cont.3. American Convoy System
Needed to a way get past German U-boatsThis system had heavy destroyers escort merchant ships
across the AtlanticIt worked only 637 lives were lost to U-boat attacks
4. Americans had to get use to the new way of fightingDoughboys, American infantrymen, were
shocked by the new weapons and tacticsTanks,airplanes,bombs,poisonous gas, machine guns
War brought new hazards and injuries“Shell Shock-a complete emotional collapseTrench Foot- only solution was to amputate the foot or
toesPoisonous Gases- blinded , burned and killed
3. American Convoy System Needed to a way get past German U-boatsThis system had heavy destroyers escort merchant ships
across the AtlanticIt worked only 637 lives were lost to U-boat attacks
4. Americans had to get use to the new way of fightingDoughboys, American infantrymen, were
shocked by the new weapons and tacticsTanks,airplanes,bombs,poisonous gas, machine guns
War brought new hazards and injuries“Shell Shock-a complete emotional collapseTrench Foot- only solution was to amputate the foot or
toesPoisonous Gases- blinded , burned and killed
Germany CollapsesGermany Collapses
The addition of the American troops was too much for Germany to handle
On November 11, 1918 Germany signed the Armistice ( cease fire)
22 million people were killed total48,000 US soldiers were killed in battle,
62,000 killed from disease and 200,000 wounded
Damages estimated at 338 billion dollars
The addition of the American troops was too much for Germany to handle
On November 11, 1918 Germany signed the Armistice ( cease fire)
22 million people were killed total48,000 US soldiers were killed in battle,
62,000 killed from disease and 200,000 wounded
Damages estimated at 338 billion dollars
The War at HomeThe War at HomeAlthough we were only in the war for a
year, it had a great impact on the homefrontWar Industries Board- helped with mass
production of war suppliesFood Administration- set up to encourage
Americans to conserve food- “meatless Tuesdays”
Liberty Bonds- savings bonds sold to help finance the war
Propaganda- to encourage buying bonds or serving
Although we were only in the war for a year, it had a great impact on the homefrontWar Industries Board- helped with mass
production of war suppliesFood Administration- set up to encourage
Americans to conserve food- “meatless Tuesdays”
Liberty Bonds- savings bonds sold to help finance the war
Propaganda- to encourage buying bonds or serving
Attacks on Civil LibertiesAttacks on Civil Liberties1. Anti-immigration Hysteria-
The nasty attacks were mainly against German immigrantsMany lost their jobsSchools stopped teaching German Some resorted to violence
2. Espionage and Sedition Acts- June 1917 A person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to
20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or by being “disloyal” to the govt.
2,000 ppl were prosecuted for opposing the warMainly targeted socialists and labor leaders
Eugene Debs was sentenced to 10 yrs
1. Anti-immigration Hysteria-The nasty attacks were mainly against German
immigrantsMany lost their jobsSchools stopped teaching German Some resorted to violence
2. Espionage and Sedition Acts- June 1917 A person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to
20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or by being “disloyal” to the govt.
2,000 ppl were prosecuted for opposing the warMainly targeted socialists and labor leaders
Eugene Debs was sentenced to 10 yrs
Wilson’s PlanWilson’s Plan
Eleventh day, eleventh hour in eleventh month (Nov. 11)
Met at the Palace of Versailles on January 1918Allies met to decide the peace termsCentral Powers and Russia were not
invitedWilson presented his plan called the
“Fourteen Points” on January 18, 1918Goal was to eliminate the causes of WWI
Eleventh day, eleventh hour in eleventh month (Nov. 11)
Met at the Palace of Versailles on January 1918Allies met to decide the peace termsCentral Powers and Russia were not
invitedWilson presented his plan called the
“Fourteen Points” on January 18, 1918Goal was to eliminate the causes of WWI
Fourteen Points included:Fourteen Points included:Freedom of the Seas- all nations should
have equal access to water trade routesSelf-Determination- culturally/ethnically
similar people should choose for themselves how to for their own nation and gov’t
Mandate System- process for Allied powers to oversee transition of former colonies and imperial possessions to independent nations
League of Nations- international organization to address diplomatic issues without going to war
Freedom of the Seas- all nations should have equal access to water trade routes
Self-Determination- culturally/ethnically similar people should choose for themselves how to for their own nation and gov’t
Mandate System- process for Allied powers to oversee transition of former colonies and imperial possessions to independent nations
League of Nations- international organization to address diplomatic issues without going to war
Debating the Treaty of Versailles
Debating the Treaty of Versailles
Wilson’s focus was the Fourteen Points, while GB and France wanted to punish Germany
What was included in the treaty:9 new nations created (Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, etc.)Germany stripped of its armyGermany forced to accept the war guilt
clause- accept blame for starting the warGermany required to pay $33 billion in
reparations- payment of war damagesLeague of Nations
Wilson’s focus was the Fourteen Points, while GB and France wanted to punish Germany
What was included in the treaty:9 new nations created (Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, etc.)Germany stripped of its armyGermany forced to accept the war guilt
clause- accept blame for starting the warGermany required to pay $33 billion in
reparations- payment of war damagesLeague of Nations
The Treaty’s WeaknessThe Treaty’s WeaknessThe treaty humiliated Germany
and they remained bitter and angryItaly and Japan are angry b/c they
felt like they should have been given more land
Russia was left out of the talkedNew communist gov’t under Vladimir
Lenin was determined to get taken land back
The treaty humiliated Germany and they remained bitter and angry
Italy and Japan are angry b/c they felt like they should have been given more land
Russia was left out of the talkedNew communist gov’t under Vladimir
Lenin was determined to get taken land back
Opposition to the TreatyOpposition to the Treaty
When Wilson returned home many were unsatisfied with the peace treaty
Democrats supported the treaty (Wilson was a Dem)
Republicans were split- strong isolationist feeling“Irreconcilables”- opposed it outrightRevisionists- opposed mainly the League
of Nations
When Wilson returned home many were unsatisfied with the peace treaty
Democrats supported the treaty (Wilson was a Dem)
Republicans were split- strong isolationist feeling“Irreconcilables”- opposed it outrightRevisionists- opposed mainly the League
of Nations
IsolationistsIsolationists
Henry Cabot Lodge- Republican Senator- opposed to the part of the treaty dealing with the League of NationsArgued that the US would lose the
right to declare war for itself, and instead, be dragged into future European conflicts by the LoN
Henry Cabot Lodge- Republican Senator- opposed to the part of the treaty dealing with the League of NationsArgued that the US would lose the
right to declare war for itself, and instead, be dragged into future European conflicts by the LoN
Wilson Refuses to Compromise
Wilson Refuses to Compromise
Wilson refused to compromise on the League
Wilson traveled throughout the nation explaining why the US should join the League
On Oct. 2, 1919 Wilson suffered a stroke and was weakened
Senate voted against the treatyThe US never joined the League and
decided to sign a separate treaty with Germany in 1921
Wilson refused to compromise on the League
Wilson traveled throughout the nation explaining why the US should join the League
On Oct. 2, 1919 Wilson suffered a stroke and was weakened
Senate voted against the treatyThe US never joined the League and
decided to sign a separate treaty with Germany in 1921
Legacy of WarLegacy of WarAmerica emerges as an Industrial GiantThe Treaty of Versailles settled nothingFrance and Great Britain got their way
and punished Germany harshlyGermany, Italy, Japan and Russia were
left bitter
America emerges as an Industrial GiantThe Treaty of Versailles settled nothingFrance and Great Britain got their way
and punished Germany harshlyGermany, Italy, Japan and Russia were
left bitter
